1
|
Comparison of HER2-targeted affibody conjugates loaded with auristatin- and maytansine-derived drugs. J Control Release 2023; 355:515-527. [PMID: 36773960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with antibody drug conjugates targeting receptors over-expressed on cancer cells is well established for clinical use in several types of cancer, however, resistance often occurs motivating the development of novel drugs. We have recently investigated a drug conjugate consisting of an affibody molecule targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), fused to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) for half-life extension, loaded with the cytotoxic maytansine derivative DM1. In this study, we investigated the impact of the cytotoxic payload on binding properties, cytotoxicity and biodistribution by comparing DM1 with the auristatins MMAE and MMAF, as part of the drug conjugate. All constructs had specific and high affinity binding to HER2, human and mouse albumins with values in the low- to sub-nM range. ZHER2-ABD-mcMMAF demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effect on several HER2-over-expressing cell lines. In an experimental therapy study, the MMAF-based conjugate provided complete tumor regression in 50% of BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing HER2-over-expressing SKOV3 tumors at a 2.9 mg/kg dose, while the same dose of ZHER2-ABD-mcDM1 provided only a moderate anti-tumor effect. A comparison with the non-targeting ZTaq-ABD-mcMMAF control demonstrated HER2-targeting specificity. In conclusion, a combination of potent cytotoxicity in vitro, with minimal uptake in normal organs in vivo, and efficient delivery to tumors provided a superior anti-tumor effect of ZHER2-ABD-mcMMAF, while maintaining a favorable toxicity profile with no observed adverse effects.
Collapse
|
2
|
Siow WX, Kabiri Y, Tang R, Chao YK, Plesch E, Eberhagen C, Flenkenthaler F, Fröhlich T, Bracher F, Grimm C, Biel M, Zischka H, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Lysosomal TRPML1 regulates mitochondrial function in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274242. [PMID: 35274126 PMCID: PMC8977057 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are the second most lethal cancers worldwide and novel therapeutic strategies are still highly needed. Recently, the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 has gained focus in cancer research representing an interesting novel target. We utilized the recently developed isoform-selective TRPML1 activator ML1-SA1 and the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate tools for over-activation and loss-of-function studies on TRPML1 in HCC. After verification of our tools, we investigated the role of TRPML1 in HCC by studying proliferation, apoptosis, and proteomic alterations. Further, we analyzed mitochondrial function in detail, facilitating confocal and transmission electron microscopy, combined with SeahorseTM and Oroboros® functional analysis. We report that TRPML1 over-activation by a novel, isoform-selective, low-molecular activator induces apoptosis by impairing mitochondrial function calcium dependently. Additionally, TRPML1 loss-of-function deregulates mitochondrial renewal, which leads to proliferation impairment. Thus, our study reveals a novel role for TRPML1 as regulator of mitochondrial function and its modulators as promising molecules for novel therapeutic options in HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong Siow
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yaschar Kabiri
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wanifuchi-Endo Y, Kondo N, Dong Y, Fujita T, Asano T, Hisada T, Uemoto Y, Nishikawa S, Katagiri Y, Kato A, Terada M, Sugiura H, Okuda K, Kato H, Takahashi S, Toyama T. Discovering novel mechanisms of taxane resistance in human breast cancer by whole-exome sequencing. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:60. [PMID: 34992692 PMCID: PMC8721851 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are important drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer; however, some cancer types are taxane-resistant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of taxane resistance using whole-exome sequencing (WES). Six patients with breast cancer whose tumors responded well to anthracycline treatment but grew rapidly during neoadjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy, were included in the present study. WES of samples from these patients was carried out to identify somatic mutations of candidate genes thought to affect taxane resistance, and the candidate proteins were structurally modeled. The mRNA and protein expression levels of these candidate genes in other breast cancers treated with taxanes were also examined. Nine variants common to all six patients were identified and two of these [R552P in V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (ATP6V1A) and T114P in apolipoprotein B MRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3F (APOBEC3F)] were selected. The results also showed that, protein-structure visualization suggested that these mutations may cause structural changes. The Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that higher APT6V1A and APOBEC3F expression levels were significantly associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival. Moreover, multivariate analysis identified high ATP6V1A mRNA expression as an independent risk factor for poor DFS. Two specific mutations that might affect taxane resistance were identified. Thus, these results suggest that breast cancer patients receiving taxanes who have high ATP6V1A or APOBEC3F expression levels may have shorter survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Wanifuchi-Endo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoto Kondo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoko Asano
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hisada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Uemoto
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Katagiri
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akiko Kato
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Terada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiura
- Education and Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Okuda
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Toyama
- Department of Breast Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen F, Kang R, Liu J, Tang D. The V-ATPases in cancer and cell death. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1529-1541. [PMID: 35504950 PMCID: PMC9063253 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00477-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane ATPases are membrane-bound enzyme complexes and ion transporters that can be divided into F-, V-, and A-ATPases according to their structure. The V-ATPases, also known as H+-ATPases, are large multi-subunit protein complexes composed of a peripheral domain (V1) responsible for the hydrolysis of ATP and a membrane-integrated domain (V0) that transports protons across plasma membrane or organelle membrane. V-ATPases play a fundamental role in maintaining pH homeostasis through lysosomal acidification and are involved in modulating various physiological and pathological processes, such as macropinocytosis, autophagy, cell invasion, and cell death (e.g., apoptosis, anoikis, alkaliptosis, ferroptosis, and lysosome-dependent cell death). In addition to participating in embryonic development, V-ATPase pathways, when dysfunctional, are implicated in human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, osteopetrosis, distal renal tubular acidosis, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the structure and regulation of isoforms of V-ATPase subunits and discuss their context-dependent roles in cancer biology and cell death. Updated knowledge about V-ATPases may enable us to design new anticancer drugs or strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 China
| | - Rui Kang
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- grid.417009.b0000 0004 1758 4591DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120 China
| | - Daolin Tang
- grid.267313.20000 0000 9482 7121Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Garousi J, Ding H, von Witting E, Xu T, Vorobyeva A, Oroujeni M, Orlova A, Hober S, Gräslund T, Tolmachev V. Targeting HER2 Expressing Tumors with a Potent Drug Conjugate Based on an Albumin Binding Domain-Derived Affinity Protein. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111847. [PMID: 34834262 PMCID: PMC8619933 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Albumin binding domain derived affinity proteins (ADAPTs) are a class of small and folded engineered scaffold proteins that holds great promise for targeting cancer tumors. Here, we have extended the in vivo half-life of an ADAPT, targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by fusion with an albumin binding domain (ABD), and armed it with the highly cytotoxic payload mertansine (DM1) for an investigation of its properties in vitro and in vivo. The resulting drug conjugate, ADAPT6-ABD-mcDM1, retained binding to its intended targets, namely HER2 and serum albumins. Further, it was able to specifically bind to cells with high HER2 expression, get internalized, and showed potent toxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 5 to 80 nM. Conversely, no toxic effect was found for cells with low HER2 expression. In vivo, ADAPT6-ABD-mcDM1, radiolabeled with 99mTc, was characterized by low uptake in most normal organs, and the main excretion route was shown to be through the kidneys. The tumor uptake was 5.5% ID/g after 24 h, which was higher than the uptake in all normal organs at this time point except for the kidneys. The uptake in the tumors was blockable by pre-injection of an excess of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (having an overlapping epitope on the HER2 receptor). In conclusion, half-life extended drug conjugates based on the ADAPT platform of affinity proteins holds promise for further development towards targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javad Garousi
- Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (H.D.); (E.v.W.); (S.H.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| | - Haozhong Ding
- Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (H.D.); (E.v.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Emma von Witting
- Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (H.D.); (E.v.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, RU-634 050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, RU-634 050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (H.D.); (E.v.W.); (S.H.)
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; (J.G.); (H.D.); (E.v.W.); (S.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Disruption of pH Dynamics Suppresses Proliferation and Potentiates Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020242. [PMID: 33572458 PMCID: PMC7916175 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The reverse pH gradient is a major feature associated with cancer cell reprogrammed metabolism. This phenotype is supported by increased activity of pH regulators like ATPases, carbonic anhydrases (CAs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and sodium-proton exchangers (NHEs) that induce an acidic tumor microenvironment, responsible for the cancer acid-resistant phenotype. In this work, we analyzed the expression of these pH regulators and explored their inhibition in breast cancer cells as a strategy to enhance the sensitivity to chemotherapy. Expression of the different pH regulators was evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot in two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and by immunohistochemistry in human breast cancer tissues. Cell viability, migration and invasion were evaluated upon exposure to the pH regulator inhibitors (PRIs) concanamycin-A, cariporide, acetazolamide and cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate. Additionally, PRIs were combined with doxorubicin to analyze the effect of cell pH dynamic disruption on doxorubicin sensitivity. Both cancer cell lines expressed all pH regulators, except for MCT1 and CAXII, only expressed in MCF-7 cells. There was higher plasma membrane expression of the pH regulators in human breast cancer tissues than in normal breast epithelium. Additionally, pH regulator expression was significantly associated with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. pH regulator inhibition decreased cancer cell aggressiveness, with a higher effect in MDA-MB-231. A synergistic inhibitory effect was observed when PRIs were combined with doxorubicin in the breast cancer cell line viability. Our results support proton dynamic disruption as a breast cancer antitumor strategy and the use of PRIs to boost the activity of conventional therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu T, Ding H, Vorobyeva A, Oroujeni M, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Gräslund T. Drug Conjugates Based on a Monovalent Affibody Targeting Vector Can Efficiently Eradicate HER2 Positive Human Tumors in an Experimental Mouse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010085. [PMID: 33396753 PMCID: PMC7794879 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Drug conjugates, consisting of a tumor targeting part coupled to a highly toxic molecule, are promising for treatment of many different types of cancer. However, for many patients it is not curative, and investigation of alternative or complimentary types of drug conjugates is motivated. Here, we have devised and studied a novel cancer cell-directed drug conjugate ZHER2:2891-ABD-E3-mcDM1. We found that it could induce efficient shrinkage and, in some cases, complete regression of human tumors implanted in mice, and thus holds promise to become a therapeutic agent for clinical use in the future. Abstract The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers and therapies targeting HER2 are routinely used in the clinic. Recently, small engineered scaffold proteins, such as affibody molecules, have shown promise as carriers of cytotoxic drugs, and these drug conjugates may become complements or alternatives to the current HER2-targeting therapies. Here, we investigated if a monovalent HER2-binding affibody molecule, ZHER2:2891, fused with a plasma half-life extending albumin binding domain (ABD), may be used as carrier of the cytotoxic maytansine derivate mcDM1. We found that the resulting drug conjugate, ZHER2:2891-ABD-E3-mcDM1, had strong affinity for its cognate molecular targets: HER2 and serum albumin. ZHER2:2891-ABD-E3-mcDM1 displayed potent cytotoxic activity towards cells with high HER2 expression, with IC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 33 nM. In vivo, an unspecific increase in uptake in the liver, imparted by the hydrophobic mcDM1, was counteracted by incorporation of hydrophilic and negatively charged glutamate residues near the site of mcDM1 conjugation. A dose-escalation experiment showed that increasing doses up to 15.1 mg/kg gave a proportional increase in uptake in xenografted HER2-overexpressing SKOV3 tumors, after which the tumors became saturated. Experimental therapy with four once-weekly injection of 10.3 or 15.1 mg/kg led to efficient regression of tumors in all animals and complete regression in some. Weight loss was detected for some animals in the group receiving the highest dose, suggesting that it was close to the maximum tolerated dose. In conclusion, the monovalent HER2-targeting affibody drug conjugate presented herein have potent anti-tumor activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| | - Haozhong Ding
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Maryam Oroujeni
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (T.X.); (A.V.); (M.O.); (V.T.)
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Torbjörn Gräslund
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 17 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)8-790-96-27
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhai X, El Hiani Y. Getting Lost in the Cell-Lysosomal Entrapment of Chemotherapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3669. [PMID: 33297435 PMCID: PMC7762281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, resistance to chemotherapy still poses a major obstacle in clinical oncology. An exciting strategy to circumvent chemoresistance involves the identification and subsequent disruption of cellular processes that are aberrantly altered in oncogenic states. Upon chemotherapeutic challenges, lysosomes are deemed to be essential mediators that enable cellular adaptation to stress conditions. Therefore, lysosomes potentially hold the key to disarming the fundamental mechanisms of chemoresistance. This review explores modes of action of classical chemotherapeutic agents, adaptive response of the lysosomes to cell stress, and presents physiological and pharmacological insights pertaining to drug compartmentalization, sequestration, and extracellular clearance through the lens of lysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Harguindey S, Alfarouk K, Polo Orozco J, Fais S, Devesa J. Towards an Integral Therapeutic Protocol for Breast Cancer Based upon the New H +-Centered Anticancer Paradigm of the Late Post-Warburg Era. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7475. [PMID: 33050492 PMCID: PMC7589677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A brand new approach to the understanding of breast cancer (BC) is urgently needed. In this contribution, the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease is approached from the new pH-centric anticancer paradigm. Only this unitarian perspective, based upon the hydrogen ion (H+) dynamics of cancer, allows for the understanding and integration of the many dualisms, confusions, and paradoxes of the disease. The new H+-related, wide-ranging model can embrace, from a unique perspective, the many aspects of the disease and, at the same time, therapeutically interfere with most, if not all, of the hallmarks of cancer known to date. The pH-related armamentarium available for the treatment of BC reviewed here may be beneficial for all types and stages of the disease. In this vein, we have attempted a megasynthesis of traditional and new knowledge in the different areas of breast cancer research and treatment based upon the wide-ranging approach afforded by the hydrogen ion dynamics of cancer. The concerted utilization of the pH-related drugs that are available nowadays for the treatment of breast cancer is advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Harguindey
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Khalid Alfarouk
- Department of Pharmacology, Al-Ghad International Colleges for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42316, Saudi Arabia and Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, Tampa, FL 33617, USA;
| | - Julián Polo Orozco
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Biology and Metabolism, 01004 Vitoria, Spain;
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jesús Devesa
- Scientific Direction, Foltra Medical Centre, 15886 Teo, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Geisslinger F, Müller M, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Targeting Lysosomes in Cancer as Promising Strategy to Overcome Chemoresistance-A Mini Review. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1156. [PMID: 32733810 PMCID: PMC7363955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, cancer remains a worldwide leading cause of death, with a still rising incidence. This is essentially caused by the fact, that despite the abundance of therapeutic targets and treatment strategies, insufficient response and multidrug resistance frequently occur. Underlying mechanisms are multifaceted and extensively studied. In recent research, it became evident, that the lysosome is of importance in drug resistance phenotypes. While it has long been considered just as cellular waste bag, it is now widely known that lysosomes play an important role in important cellular signaling processes and are in the focus of cancer research. In that regard lysosomes are now considered as so-called "drug safe-houses" in which chemotherapeutics are trapped passively by diffusion or actively by lysosomal P-glycoprotein activity, which prevents them from reaching their intracellular targets. Furthermore, alterations in lysosome to nucleus signaling by the transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mTORC1 axis are implicated in development of chemoresistance. The identification of lysosomes as essential players in drug resistance has introduced novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance and led to innovate therapeutic approaches. This mini review gives an overview of the current state of research on the role of lysosomes in chemoresistance, summarizing underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies and critically discussing open questions and drawbacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Geisslinger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohammad AH, Kim SH, Bertos N, El-Assaad W, Nandi I, Smith H, Yang J, Chen OJ, Gamache I, Rao T, Gagnon B, Gruosso T, Tremblay ML, Sonenberg N, Guiot MC, Muller W, Park M, Teodoro JG. Elevated V-ATPase Activity Following PTEN Loss Is Required for Enhanced Oncogenic Signaling in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1477-1490. [PMID: 32587106 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PTEN loss-of-function contributes to hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway and to drug resistance in breast cancer. Unchecked PI3K pathway signaling increases activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which promotes tumorigenicity. Several studies have suggested that vacuolar (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex activity is regulated by PI3K signaling. In this study, we showed that loss of PTEN elevated V-ATPase activity. Enhanced V-ATPase activity was mediated by increased expression of the ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2 (ATP6AP2), also known as the prorenin receptor (PRR). PRR is cleaved into a secreted extracellular fragment (sPRR) and an intracellular fragment (M8.9) that remains associated with the V-ATPase complex. Reduced PTEN expression increased V-ATPase complex activity in a PRR-dependent manner. Breast cancer cell lines with reduced PTEN expression demonstrated increased PRR expression. Similarly, PRR expression became elevated upon PTEN deletion in a mouse model of breast cancer. Interestingly, concentration of sPRR was elevated in the plasma of patients with breast cancer and correlated with tumor burden in HER2-enriched cancers. Moreover, PRR was essential for proper HER2 receptor expression, localization, and signaling. PRR knockdown attenuated HER2 signaling and resulted in reduced Akt and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, and in lower mTORC1 activity. Overall, our study demonstrates a mechanism by which PTEN loss in breast cancer can potentiate multiple signaling pathways through upregulation of the V-ATPase complex. IMPLICATIONS: Our study contributed to the understanding of the role of the V-ATPase complex in breast cancer cell tumorigenesis and provided a potential biomarker in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amro H Mohammad
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wissal El-Assaad
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ipshita Nandi
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harvey Smith
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jieyi Yang
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Owen J Chen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gamache
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trisha Rao
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruno Gagnon
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tina Gruosso
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - William Muller
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose G Teodoro
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hraběta J, Belhajová M, Šubrtová H, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Heger Z, Eckschlager T. Drug Sequestration in Lysosomes as One of the Mechanisms of Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells and the Possibilities of Its Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124392. [PMID: 32575682 PMCID: PMC7352242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutics and targeted drugs is one of the main problems in successful cancer therapy. Various mechanisms have been identified to contribute to drug resistance. One of those mechanisms is lysosome-mediated drug resistance. Lysosomes have been shown to trap certain hydrophobic weak base chemotherapeutics, as well as some tyrosine kinase inhibitors, thereby being sequestered away from their intracellular target site. Lysosomal sequestration is in most cases followed by the release of their content from the cell by exocytosis. Lysosomal accumulation of anticancer drugs is caused mainly by ion-trapping, but active transport of certain drugs into lysosomes was also described. Lysosomal low pH, which is necessary for ion-trapping is achieved by the activity of the V-ATPase. This sequestration can be successfully inhibited by lysosomotropic agents and V-ATPase inhibitors in experimental conditions. Clinical trials have been performed only with lysosomotropic drug chloroquine and their results were less successful. The aim of this review is to give an overview of lysosomal sequestration and expression of acidifying enzymes as yet not well known mechanism of cancer cell chemoresistance and about possibilities how to overcome this form of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hraběta
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, CZ-150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Marie Belhajová
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, CZ-150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Hana Šubrtová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.Š.); (M.A.M.R.); (Z.H.)
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.Š.); (M.A.M.R.); (Z.H.)
- Central European Institute of Technologies, Brno University of Technology, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.Š.); (M.A.M.R.); (Z.H.)
- Central European Institute of Technologies, Brno University of Technology, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, CZ-150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-606-364-730
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Almasi S, El Hiani Y. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Membrane Transport Proteins: Focus on Cancer and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061624. [PMID: 32575381 PMCID: PMC7353007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the therapeutic efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs represents the best hope for cancer treatment. However, the shortage of druggable targets and the increasing development of anticancer drug resistance remain significant problems. Recently, membrane transport proteins have emerged as novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. These proteins are essential for a plethora of cell functions ranging from cell homeostasis to clinical drug toxicity. Furthermore, their association with carcinogenesis and chemoresistance has opened new vistas for pharmacology-based cancer research. This review provides a comprehensive update of our current knowledge on the functional expression profile of membrane transport proteins in cancer and chemoresistant tumours that may form the basis for new cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekoufeh Almasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON KIH 8M5, Canada;
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ward C, Meehan J, Gray ME, Murray AF, Argyle DJ, Kunkler IH, Langdon SP. The impact of tumour pH on cancer progression: strategies for clinical intervention. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:71-100. [PMID: 36046070 PMCID: PMC9400736 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cellular pH is frequent in solid tumours and provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The acidic microenvironment within a tumour can promote migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. Pathways associated with the control of intracellular pH that are under consideration for intervention include carbonic anhydrase IX, the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT, MCT1 and MCT4), the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1. This review will describe progress in the development of inhibitors to these targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ward
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Gray
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Alan F Murray
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, EH9 3JL Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG Midlothian, UK
| | - Ian H Kunkler
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon P Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, EH4 2XU Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Flinck M, Hagelund S, Gorbatenko A, Severin M, Pedraz-Cuesta E, Novak I, Stock C, Pedersen SF. The Vacuolar H + ATPase α3 Subunit Negatively Regulates Migration and Invasion of Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E465. [PMID: 32085585 PMCID: PMC7072798 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased metabolic acid production and upregulation of net acid extrusion render pH homeostasis profoundly dysregulated in many cancers. Plasma membrane activity of vacuolar H+ ATPases (V-ATPases) has been implicated in acid extrusion and invasiveness of some cancers, yet often on the basis of unspecific inhibitors. Serving as a membrane anchor directing V-ATPase localization, the a subunit of the V0 domain of the V-ATPase (ATP6V0a1-4) is particularly interesting in this regard. Here, we map the regulation and roles of ATP6V0a3 in migration, invasion, and growth in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. a3 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in PDAC cell lines compared to non-cancer pancreatic epithelial cells. Under control conditions, a3 localization was mainly endo-/lysosomal, and its knockdown had no detectable effect on pHi regulation after acid loading. V-ATPase inhibition, but not a3 knockdown, increased HIF-1 expression and decreased proliferation and autophagic flux under both starved and non-starved conditions, and spheroid growth of PDAC cells was also unaffected by a3 knockdown. Strikingly, a3 knockdown increased migration and transwell invasion of Panc-1 and BxPC-3 PDAC cells, and increased gelatin degradation in BxPC-3 cells yet decreased it in Panc-1 cells. We conclude that in these PDAC cells, a3 is upregulated and negatively regulates migration and invasion, likely in part via effects on extracellular matrix degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Flinck
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.F.); (S.H.); (M.S.); (E.P.-C.); (I.N.)
| | - Sofie Hagelund
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.F.); (S.H.); (M.S.); (E.P.-C.); (I.N.)
| | - Andrej Gorbatenko
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Marc Severin
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.F.); (S.H.); (M.S.); (E.P.-C.); (I.N.)
| | - Elena Pedraz-Cuesta
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.F.); (S.H.); (M.S.); (E.P.-C.); (I.N.)
| | - Ivana Novak
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.F.); (S.H.); (M.S.); (E.P.-C.); (I.N.)
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroentero-, Hepato- and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.F.); (S.H.); (M.S.); (E.P.-C.); (I.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Scheeff S, Rivière S, Ruiz J, Abdelrahman A, Schulz-Fincke AC, Köse M, Tiburcy F, Wieczorek H, Gütschow M, Müller CE, Menche D. Synthesis of Novel Potent Archazolids: Pharmacology of an Emerging Class of Anticancer Drugs. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1684-1698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scheeff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Solenne Rivière
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johal Ruiz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Meryem Köse
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Tiburcy
- Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Helmut Wieczorek
- Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Incorporation of a Hydrophilic Spacer Reduces Hepatic Uptake of HER2-Targeting Affibody-DM1 Drug Conjugates. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081168. [PMID: 31416167 PMCID: PMC6721809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small affinity-engineered scaffold proteins which can be engineered to bind to desired targets. The therapeutic potential of using an affibody molecule targeting HER2, fused to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) and conjugated with the cytotoxic maytansine derivate MC-DM1 (AffiDC), has been validated. Biodistribution studies in mice revealed an elevated hepatic uptake of the AffiDC, but histopathological examination of livers showed no major signs of toxicity. However, previous clinical experience with antibody drug conjugates have revealed a moderate- to high-grade hepatotoxicity in treated patients, which merits efforts to also minimize hepatic uptake of the AffiDCs. In this study, the aim was to reduce the hepatic uptake of AffiDCs and optimize their in vivo targeting properties. We have investigated if incorporation of hydrophilic glutamate-based spacers adjacent to MC-DM1 in the AffiDC, (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-MC-DM1, would counteract the hydrophobic nature of MC-DM1 and, hence, reduce hepatic uptake. Two new AffiDCs including either a triglutamate-spacer-, (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-E3-MC-DM1, or a hexaglutamate-spacer-, (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-E6-MC-DM1 next to the site of MC-DM1 conjugation were designed. We radiolabeled the hydrophilized AffiDCs and compared them, both in vitro and in vivo, with the previously investigated (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-MC-DM1 drug conjugate containing no glutamate spacer. All three AffiDCs demonstrated specific binding to HER2 and comparable in vitro cytotoxicity. A comparative biodistribution study of the three radiolabeled AffiDCs showed that the addition of glutamates reduced drug accumulation in the liver while preserving the tumor uptake. These results confirmed the relation between DM1 hydrophobicity and liver accumulation. We believe that the drug development approach described here may also be useful for other affinity protein-based drug conjugates to further improve their in vivo properties and facilitate their clinical translatability.
Collapse
|
18
|
Specific V-ATPase expression sub-classifies IDHwt lower-grade gliomas and impacts glioma growth in vivo. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:214-224. [PMID: 30737087 PMCID: PMC6441867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells use specific V-ATPase subunits to activate oncogenic pathways. Therefore, we investigated V-ATPase deregulation in aggressive gliomas and associated signaling. Methods V-ATPase genes expression and associated pathways were analyzed in different series of glioma available from public databases, as well as in patients' cohort. Activation of pathways was analyzed at gene and protein expression levels. A genetic model of glioma in Drosophila melanogaster and mice with GBM patients-derived orthotopic xenografts were used as in vivo models of disease. Findings GBM and recurrent gliomas display a specific V-ATPase signature. Such signature resolves the heterogeneous class of IDH-wild type lower-grade gliomas, identifying the patients with worse prognosis independently from clinical and molecular features (p = 0·03, by Cox proportional-hazards model). In vivo, V-ATPase subunits deregulation significantly impacts tumor growth and proliferation. At the molecular level, GBM-like V-ATPase expression correlates with upregulation of Homeobox genes. Interpretation Our data identify a V-ATPase signature that accompanies glioma aggressiveness and suggest new entry points for glioma stratification and follow-up. Fund This work was supported by Fondazione Cariplo (2014–1148 to VV), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, and Fondazione INGM Grant in Molecular Medicine 2014 (to VV).
Collapse
|
19
|
Vincent CT, Long ET, Jones HC, Young JC, Spiegel PC, O'Neil GW. Suzuki coupling-based synthesis of VATPase inhibitor archazolid natural product derived fragments. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32210-32218. [PMID: 35530773 PMCID: PMC9072946 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07050h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An archazolid natural product fragment that displays dose-dependent inhibition of the vacuolar-type ATPase (VATPase) has been synthesized by a high-yielding Suzuki coupling of two complex subunits. Similarly, a further simplified fragment was prepared and evaluated for VATPase inhibitory activity. This compound did inhibit the VATPase, as evidenced by growth inhibition of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, however at approximately 10× lower potency than the more complex fragment. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibition was not observed for either fragment. An archazolid natural product fragment that displays dose-dependent inhibition of the vacuolar-type ATPase (VATPase) has been synthesized by a high-yielding Suzuki coupling of two complex subunits.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cooper T. Vincent
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA 98229
| | - Evan T. Long
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA 98229
| | - Holly C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA 98229
| | - Jeffrey C. Young
- Department of Biology
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA 98229
| | - P. Clint Spiegel
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA 98229
| | - Gregory W. O'Neil
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Washington University
- Bellingham
- USA 98229
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scheeff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affibody-derived drug conjugates: Potent cytotoxic molecules for treatment of HER2 over-expressing tumors. J Control Release 2018; 288:84-95. [PMID: 30172673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with HER2-positive tumors often suffer resistance to therapy, warranting development of novel treatment modalities. Affibody molecules are small affinity proteins which can be engineered to bind to desired targets. They have in recent years been found to allow precise targeting of cancer specific molecular signatures such as the HER2 receptor. In this study, we have investigated the potential of an affibody molecule targeting HER2, ZHER2:2891, conjugated with the cytotoxic maytansine derivate MC-DM1, for targeted cancer therapy. ZHER2:2891 was expressed as a monomer (ZHER2:2891), dimer ((ZHER2:2891)2) and dimer with an albumin binding domain (ABD) for half-life extension ((ZHER2:2891)2-ABD). All proteins had a unique C-terminal cysteine that could be used for efficient and site-specific conjugation with MC-DM1. The resulting affibody drug conjugates were potent cytotoxic molecules for human cells over-expressing HER2, with sub-nanomolar IC50-values similar to trastuzumab emtansine, and did not affect cells with low HER2 expression. A biodistribution study of a radiolabeled version of (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-MC-DM1, showed that it was taken up by the tumor. The major site of off-target uptake was the kidneys and to some extent the liver. (ZHER2:2891)2-ABD-MC-DM1 was found to have a half-life in circulation of 14 h. The compound was tolerated well by mice at 8.5 mg/kg and was shown to extend survival of mice bearing HER2 over-expressing tumors. The findings in this study show that affibody molecules are a promising class of engineered affinity proteins to specifically deliver small molecular drugs to cancer cells and that such conjugates are potential candidates for clinical evaluation on HER2-overexpressing cancers.
Collapse
|
22
|
Whitton B, Okamoto H, Packham G, Crabb SJ. Vacuolar ATPase as a potential therapeutic target and mediator of treatment resistance in cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3800-3811. [PMID: 29926527 PMCID: PMC6089187 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is an ATP-dependent H+ -transporter that pumps protons across intracellular and plasma membranes. It consists of a large multi-subunit protein complex and influences a wide range of cellular processes. This review focuses on emerging evidence for the roles for V-ATPase in cancer. This includes how V-ATPase dysregulation contributes to cancer growth, metastasis, invasion and proliferation, and the potential link between V-ATPase and the development of drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradleigh Whitton
- Southampton Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesFaculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Haruko Okamoto
- Biological SciencesFaculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Graham Packham
- Southampton Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Simon J. Crabb
- Southampton Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Heravi MM, Mohammadkhani L. Recent applications of Stille reaction in total synthesis of natural products: An update. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
24
|
Jiang W, Li G, Li W, Wang P, Xiu P, Jiang X, Liu B, Sun X, Jiang H. Sodium orthovanadate overcomes sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting Na +/K +-ATPase activity and hypoxia-inducible pathways. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9706. [PMID: 29946188 PMCID: PMC6018801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance to sorafenib highly affects its clinical benefits for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sodium orthovanadate (SOV) is a phosphate analog that displays anti-cancer activities against various types of malignancies including HCC. The present study has demonstrated that SOV is able to overcome sorafenib resistance and strengthens sorafenib in suppressing sorafenib-resistant HCC cells in vitro and in animal models. Similar to its action on parental HCC cells, SOV induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases by regulating cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1, and apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. More importantly, SOV inhibited ATPase activity, which was significantly elevated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. SOV also reduced the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and their nuclear translocation, resulting in downregulation of their downstream factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, lactate dehydrogenase-A and glucose transporter 1. Its ability to inhibit ATPase activity and hypoxia-inducible pathways enabled SOV to efficiently suppress both normoxic and hypoxic cells, which compose cancer cell populations inside sorafenib-resistant HCC tumors. The present results indicate that SOV may be a potent candidate drug for overcoming the resistance to sorafenib in treating HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- Department of General Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China. .,The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Licon-Munoz Y, Fordyce CA, Hayek SR, Parra KJ. V-ATPase-dependent repression of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28921-28934. [PMID: 29988966 PMCID: PMC6034745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of death for men in the United States. Suppression of androgen receptor (AR) expression is a desirable mechanism to manage PCa. Our studies showed that AR expression was reduced in LAPC4 and LNCaP PCa cell lines treated with nanomolar concentrations of the V-ATPase inhibitor concanamycin A (CCA). This treatment decreased PSA mRNA levels, indicative of reduced AR activity. V-ATPase-dependent repression of AR expression was linked to defective endo-lysosomal pH regulation and reduced AR expression at the transcriptional level. CCA treatment increased the protein level and nuclear localization of the alpha subunit of the transcription factor HIF-1 (HIF-1α) in PCa cells via decreased hydroxylation and degradation of HIF-1α. The addition of iron (III) citrate restored HIF-1α hydroxylation and decreased total HIF-1α levels in PCa cells treated with CCA. Moreover, iron treatment partially rescued CCA-mediated AR repression. Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), which prevents HIF-1α degradation independently of V-ATPase, also decreased AR levels, supporting our hypothesis that HIF-1α serves as a downstream mediator in the V-ATPase-AR axis. We propose a new V-ATPase-dependent mechanism to inhibit androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells involving defective endosomal trafficking of iron and the inhibition of HIF-1 α-subunit turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamhilette Licon-Munoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Colleen A Fordyce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Summer Raines Hayek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| | - Karlett J Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The a3 isoform of subunit a of the vacuolar ATPase localizes to the plasma membrane of invasive breast tumor cells and is overexpressed in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46142-46157. [PMID: 27323815 PMCID: PMC5216787 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of ATP-driven proton pumps that acidify intracellular compartments and transport protons across the plasma membrane. Previous work has demonstrated that plasma membrane V-ATPases are important for breast cancer invasion in vitro and that the V-ATPase subunit a isoform a3 is upregulated in and critical for MDA-MB231 and MCF10CA1a breast cancer cell invasion. It has been proposed that subunit a3 is present on the plasma membrane of invasive breast cancer cells and is overexpressed in human breast cancer. To test this, we used an a3-specific antibody to assess localization in breast cancer cells. Subunit a3 localizes to the leading edge of migrating breast cancer cells, but not the plasma membrane of normal breast epithelial cells. Furthermore, invasive breast cancer cells express a3 throughout all intracellular compartments tested, including endosomes, the Golgi, and lysosomes. Moreover, subunit a3 knockdown in MB231 breast cancer cells reduces in vitro migration. This reduction is not enhanced upon addition of a V-ATPase inhibitor, suggesting that a3-containing V-ATPases are critical for breast cancer migration. Finally, we have tested a3 expression in human breast cancer tissue and mRNA prepared from normal and cancerous breast tissue. a3 mRNA was upregulated 2.5-47 fold in all breast tumor cDNA samples tested relative to normal tissue, with expression generally correlated to cancer stage. Furthermore, a3 protein expression was increased in invasive breast cancer tissue relative to noninvasive cancer and normal breast tissue. These studies suggest that subunit a3 plays an important role in invasive human breast cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rethinking the Combination of Proton Exchanger Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Metabolites 2017; 8:metabo8010002. [PMID: 29295495 PMCID: PMC5875992 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental acidity is becoming a key target for the new age of cancer treatment. In fact, while cancer is characterized by genetic heterogeneity, extracellular acidity is a common phenotype of almost all cancers. To survive and proliferate under acidic conditions, tumor cells up-regulate proton exchangers and transporters (mainly V-ATPase, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), and carbonic anhydrases (CAs)), that actively extrude excess protons, avoiding intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, thus becoming a sort of survival option with many similarities compared with unicellular microorganisms. These systems are also involved in the unresponsiveness or resistance to chemotherapy, leading to the protection of cancer cells from the vast majority of drugs, that when protonated in the acidic tumor microenvironment, do not enter into cancer cells. Indeed, as usually occurs in the progression versus malignancy, resistant tumor clones emerge and proliferate, following a transient initial response to a therapy, thus giving rise to more malignant behavior and rapid tumor progression. Recent studies are supporting the use of a cocktail of proton exchanger inhibitors as a new strategy against cancer.
Collapse
|
28
|
Licon-Munoz Y, Michel V, Fordyce CA, Parra KJ. F-actin reorganization by V-ATPase inhibition in prostate cancer. Biol Open 2017; 6:1734-1744. [PMID: 29038303 PMCID: PMC5703614 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump sustains cellular pH homeostasis, and its inhibition triggers numerous stress responses. However, the cellular mechanisms involved remain largely elusive in cancer cells. We studied V-ATPase in the prostate cancer (PCa) cell line PC-3, which has characteristics of highly metastatic PCa. V-ATPase inhibitors impaired endo-lysosomal pH, vesicle trafficking, migration, and invasion. V-ATPase accrual in the Golgi and recycling endosomes suggests that traffic of internalized membrane vesicles back to the plasma membrane was particularly impaired. Directed movement provoked co-localization of V-ATPase containing vesicles with F-actin near the leading edge of migrating cells. V-ATPase inhibition prompted prominent F-actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Filopodial projections were reduced, which related to reduced migration velocity. F-actin formed novel cytoplasmic rings. F-actin rings increased with extended exposure to sublethal concentrations of V-ATPase inhibitors, from 24 to 48 h, as the amount of alkalinized endo-lysosomal vesicles increased. Studies with chloroquine indicated that F-actin rings formation was pH-dependent. We hypothesize that these novel F-actin rings assemble to overcome widespread traffic defects caused by V-ATPase inhibition, similar to F-actin rings on the surface of exocytic organelles. Summary: V-ATPase activates multiple stress responses. In prostate cancer, sub-lethal concentrations of V-ATPase inhibitors trigger widespread traffic defects. F-actin assembles into rings that mimic those seen during regulated exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamhilette Licon-Munoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Vera Michel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Colleen A Fordyce
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Karlett J Parra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu ZN, Tian B, Guo XL. Repositioning of proton pump inhibitors in cancer therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:925-937. [PMID: 28861639 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug repositioning, as a smart way to exploit new molecular targets of a known drug, has been gaining increasing attention in the discovery of anti-cancer drugs. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as benzimidazole derivatives, which are essentially H+-K+-ATPases inhibitors, are commonly used in the treatment of acid-related diseases such as gastric ulcer. In recent years, exploring the new application of PPIs in anti-cancer field has become a hot research topic. Interestingly, cancer cells display an alkaline intracellular pH and an acidic extracellular pH. The extracellular acidity of tumors can be corrected by PPIs that are selectively activated in an acid milieu. It is generally believed that PPIs might provoke disruption of pH homeostasis by targeting V-ATPase on cancer cells, which is the theoretical basis for PPIs to play an anti-cancer role. Numerous studies have shown specialized effects of the PPIs on tumor cell growth, metastasis, chemoresistance, and autophagy. PPIs may really represent new anti-cancer drugs due to better safety and tolerance, the potential selectivity in targeting tumor acidity, and the ability to inhibit mechanism pivotal for cancer homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the new therapeutic applications of PPIs in multiple cancers, explaining the rationale behind this approach and providing practical evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scheeff S, Menche D. Total syntheses of the archazolids: an emerging class of novel anticancer drugs. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1085-1098. [PMID: 28684988 PMCID: PMC5480361 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
V-ATPase has recently emerged as a promising novel anticancer target based on extensive in vitro and in vivo studies with the archazolids, complex polyketide macrolides which present the most potent V-ATPase inhibitors known to date, rendering these macrolides important lead structures for the development of novel anticancer agents. The limited natural supply of these metabolites from their myxobacterial source renders total synthesis of vital importance for the further preclinical development. This review describes in detail the various tactics and strategies employed so far in archazolid syntheses that culminated in three total syntheses and discusses the future synthetic challenges that have to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Scheeff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are a family of proton pumps that couple ATP hydrolysis to proton transport into intracellular compartments and across the plasma membrane. They function in a wide array of normal cellular processes, including membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, and the coupled transport of small molecules, as well as such physiological processes as urinary acidification and bone resorption. The V-ATPases have also been implicated in a number of disease processes, including viral infection, renal disease, and bone resorption defects. This review is focused on the growing evidence for the important role of V-ATPases in cancer. This includes functions in cellular signaling (particularly Wnt, Notch, and mTOR signaling), cancer cell survival in the highly acidic environment of tumors, aiding the development of drug resistance, as well as crucial roles in tumor cell invasion, migration, and metastasis. Of greatest excitement is evidence that at least some tumors express isoforms of V-ATPase subunits whose disruption is not lethal, leading to the possibility of developing anti-cancer therapeutics that selectively target V-ATPases that function in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stransky
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Biochemistry, and Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristina Cotter
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Biochemistry, and Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Forgac
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, and Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Program in Biochemistry, and Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Spugnini E, Fais S. Proton pump inhibition and cancer therapeutics: A specific tumor targeting or it is a phenomenon secondary to a systemic buffering? Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:111-118. [PMID: 28088584 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the unsolved mysteries in oncology includes the strategies that cancer cells adopt to cope with an adverse microenvironment. However, we knew, from the Warburg's discovery that through their metabolism based on sugar fermentation, cancer cells acidify their microenvironment and this progressive acidification induces a selective pressure, leading to the development of very malignant cells entirely armed to survive in the hostile microenvironment generated by their own metabolism. In the last decades a primordial role for proton exchangers has been supported as a key tumor advantage in facing off the acidic milieu. Proton exchangers do not allow intracellular acidification through a continuous elimination of H+ either outside the cells or within the internal vacuoles. This article wants to comment a translational process through that led to the preclinical demonstration that a class of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) exploited worldwide for peptic ulcer treatment and gastroprotection are indeed powerful chemosensitizers as well. In this process we achieved the clinical proof of concept that PPI may well be included in new anti-cancer strategies with a solid background and rationale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Spugnini
- SAFU, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via Chianesi 53, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Dept. of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang S, Schneider LS, Vick B, Grunert M, Jeremias I, Menche D, Müller R, Vollmar AM, Liebl J. Anti-leukemic effects of the V-ATPase inhibitor Archazolid A. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43508-28. [PMID: 26496038 PMCID: PMC4791247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis for patients suffering from T-ALL is still very poor and new strategies for T-ALL treatment are urgently needed. Our study shows potent anti-leukemic effects of the myxobacterial V-ATPase inhibitor Archazolid A. Archazolid A reduced growth and potently induced death of leukemic cell lines and human leukemic samples. By inhibiting lysosomal acidification, Archazolid A blocked activation of the Notch pathway, however, this was not the mechanism of V-ATPase inhibition relevant for cell death induction. In fact, V-ATPase inhibition by Archazolid A decreased the anti-apoptotic protein survivin. As underlying mode of action, this work is in line with recent studies from our group demonstrating that Archazolid A induced S-phase cell cycle arrest by interfering with the iron metabolism in leukemic cells. Our study provides evidence for V-ATPase inhibition as a potential new therapeutic option for T-ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina S Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Binje Vick
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Grunert
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmela Jeremias
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Department of Oncology/Hematology, Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Liebl
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ibrahim SA, Katara GK, Kulshrestha A, Jaiswal MK, Amin MA, Beaman KD. Breast cancer associated a2 isoform vacuolar ATPase immunomodulates neutrophils: potential role in tumor progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33033-45. [PMID: 26460736 PMCID: PMC4741747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In invasive breast cancer, tumor associated neutrophils (TAN) represent a significant portion of the tumor mass and are associated with increased angiogenesis and metastasis. Identifying the regulatory factors that control TAN behavior will help in developing ideal immunotherapies. Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases), multi-subunit proton pumps, are highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells. A cleaved peptide from a2 isoform V-ATPase (a2NTD) has immunomodulatory role in tumor microenvironment. Here, we report for the first time the role of V-ATPase in neutrophils modulation. In invasive breast cancer cells, a2NTD was detected and a2V was highly expressed on the surface. Immunohistochemical analysis of invasive breast cancer tissues revealed that increased neutrophil recruitment and blood vessel density correlated with increased a2NTD levels. In order to determine the direct regulatory role of a2NTD on neutrophils, recombinant a2NTD was used for the treatment of neutrophils isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Neutrophils treated with a2NTD (a2Neuɸ) showed increased secretion of IL-1RA, IL-10, CCL-2 and IL-6 that are important mediators in cancer related inflammation. Moreover, a2Neuɸ exhibited an increased production of protumorigenic factors including IL-8, matrix metaloprotinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Further, functional characterization of a2Neuɸ revealed that a2Neuɸ derived products induce in vitro angiogenesis as well as increase the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. This study establishes the modulatory effect of breast cancer associated a2V on neutrophils, by the action of a2NTD, which has a positive impact on tumor progression, supporting that a2V can be a potential selective target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Magdy A Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yuan YH, Zhou CF, Yuan J, Liu L, Guo XR, Wang XL, Ding Y, Wang XN, Li DS, Tu HJ. NaHCO 3 enhances the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer cells against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3167-3174. [PMID: 27899977 PMCID: PMC5103916 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular pH is lower inside solid tumors than in normal tissue. The acidic environment inhibits the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in vitro and promotes tumor cell invasion. In the present study, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate how NaHCO3 would affect the antitumor activities of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. For the in vitro experiments, HepG2 cells were cultured at pH 6.5 and 7.4 in the presence of CIK cells or CIK cell-conditioned medium (CMCIK). For the in vivo experiments, nude mice were xenografted with HepG2-luc cells and divided into four groups: i) CIK cells injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; ii) CIK cells injection plus drinking water feeding; iii) normal saline injection plus NaHCO3 feeding; and iv) normal saline injection plus drinking water feeding. The results indicated that the viability and growth rate of HepG2 cells were remarkably suppressed when co-cultured with CIK cells or CMCIK at pH 7.4 compared with those of HepG2 cells cultured under the same conditions but at pH 6.5. In the xenograft study, a marked synergistic antitumor effect of the combined therapy was observed. NaHCO3 feeding augmented the infiltration of cluster of differentiation 3-positive T lymphocytes into the tumor mass. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the antitumor activities of CIK cells against HepG2 cells were negatively affected by the acidic environment inside the tumors, and neutralizing the pH (for example, via NaHCO3 administration), could therefore reduce or eliminate this influence. In addition, it should be recommended that oncologists routinely prescribe soda water to their patients, particularly during CIK cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hong Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Chun Fang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Rong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Nan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Sheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Han Jun Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma J, Zhang Y, Tang K, Zhang H, Yin X, Li Y, Xu P, Sun Y, Ma R, Ji T, Chen J, Zhang S, Zhang T, Luo S, Jin Y, Luo X, Li C, Gong H, Long Z, Lu J, Hu Z, Cao X, Wang N, Yang X, Huang B. Reversing drug resistance of soft tumor-repopulating cells by tumor cell-derived chemotherapeutic microparticles. Cell Res 2016; 26:713-27. [PMID: 27167569 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel approaches to reverse the drug resistance of tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) or stem cell-like cancer cells is an urgent clinical need to improve outcomes of cancer patients. Here we show an innovative approach that reverses drug resistance of TRCs using tumor cell-derived microparticles (T-MPs) containing anti-tumor drugs. TRCs, by virtue of being more deformable than differentiated cancer cells, preferentially take up T-MPs that release anti-tumor drugs after entering cells, which in turn lead to death of TRCs. The underlying mechanisms include interfering with drug efflux and promoting nuclear entry of the drugs. Our findings demonstrate the importance of tumor cell softness in uptake of T-MPs and effectiveness of a novel approach in reversing drug resistance of TRCs with promising clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ke Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaonan Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Pingwei Xu
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruihua Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tiantian Ji
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shunqun Luo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Xiuli Luo
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Chengyin Li
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Hongwei Gong
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, Hubei 430061, China
| | - Zhixiong Long
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430050, China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhuowei Hu
- Molecular Immunology and Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory for Cell Biomechanics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xiangliang Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bo Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fais S. Evidence-based support for the use of proton pump inhibitors in cancer therapy. J Transl Med 2015; 13:368. [PMID: 26597250 PMCID: PMC4657328 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
‘We can only cure what we can understand first’, said Otto H. Warburg, the 1931 Nobel laureate for his discovery on tumor metabolism. Unfortunately, we still don’t know too much the mechanisms underlying of cancer development and progression. One of the unsolved mystery includes the strategies that cancer cells adopt to cope with an adverse microenvironment. However, we knew, from the Warburg’s discovery, that through their metabolism based on sugar fermentation, cancer cells acidify their microenvironment and this progressive acidification induces a selective pressure, leading to development of very malignant cells entirely armed to survive in the hostile microenvironment generated by their own metabolism. One of the most mechanism to survive to the acidic tumor microenvironment are proton exchangers not allowing intracellular acidification through a continuous elimination of H+ either outside the cells or within the internal vacuoles. This article wants to comment a translational process through which from the preclinical demonstration that a class of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) exploited worldwide for peptic ulcer treatment and gastroprotection are indeed chemosensitizers as well, we have got to the clinical proof of concept that PPI may well be included in new anti-cancer strategies, and with a solid background and rationale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fais
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang BY, Zhang J, Wang JL, Sun S, Wang ZH, Wang LP, Zhang QL, Lv FF, Cao EY, Shao ZM, Fais S, Hu XC. Intermittent high dose proton pump inhibitor enhances the antitumor effects of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:85. [PMID: 26297142 PMCID: PMC4546346 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidity is a hallmark of malignant tumor, representing a very efficient mechanism of chemoresistance. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) at high dosage have been shown to sensitize chemoresistant human tumor cells and tumors to cytotoxic molecules. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the efficacy of PPI in improving the clinical outcome of docetaxel + cisplatin regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). METHODS Patients enrolled were randomly assigned to three arms: Arm A, docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) followed by cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) on d4, repeated every 21 days with a maximum of 6 cycles; Arm B, the same chemotherapy preceded by three days esomeprazole (ESOM) 80 mg p.o. bid, beginning on d1 repeated weekly. Weekly intermittent administration of ESOM (3 days on 4 days off) was maintained up to maximum 66 weeks; Arm C, the same as Arm B with the only difference being dose of ESOM at 100 mg p.o. bid. The primary endpoint was response rate. RESULTS Ninety-four patients were randomly assigned and underwent at least one injection of chemotherapy. Response rates for arm A, B and C were 46.9, 71.0, and 64.5 %, respectively. Median TTP for arm A (n = 32), B (n = 31), C (n = 31) were 8.7, 9.4, and 9.7 months, respectively. A significant difference was observed between patients who had taken PPI and who not with ORR (67.7 % vs. 46.9 %, p = 0.049) and median TTP (9.7 months vs. 8.7 months, p = 0.045) [corrected]. Exploratory analysis showed that among 15 patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), this difference was bigger with median TTP of 10.7 and 5.8 months, respectively (p = 0.011). PPI combination showed a marked effect on OS as well, while with a borderline significance (29.9 vs. 19.2 months, p = 0.090). No additional toxicity was observed with PPI. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot clinical trial showed that intermittent high dose PPI enhance the antitumor effects of chemotherapy in MBC patients without evidence of additional toxicity, which requires urgent validation in a multicenter, randomized, phase III trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01069081 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ling Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Fang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - En-Ying Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Min Shao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefano Fais
- Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Xi-Chun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Swick SM, Schaefer SL, O’Neil GW. Synthesis of the C 1-C 17 fragment of the archazolids by complex cis-homodimer cross metathesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:4039-4042. [PMID: 26257444 PMCID: PMC4525707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of the C1-C17 fragment of the archazolids is described featuring a complex cross-metathesis coupling reaction between a cis-homodimer (prepared by silyl-tethered ring-closing metathesis) and the Z,Z-terminal triene containing "eastern domain" of the archazolid natural products. This cross-metathesis was only successful when using the cis- as opposed to the monomer or trans-homodimer, with the cis-dimer added batchwise to minimize cis/trans-isomerization. The product was obtained in an optimized 78% yield using the Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst at 50 °C in toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Swick
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Sara L. Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Gregory W. O’Neil
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hamm R, Zeino M, Frewert S, Efferth T. Up-regulation of cholesterol associated genes as novel resistance mechanism in glioblastoma cells in response to archazolid B. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
41
|
Spugnini EP, Sonveaux P, Stock C, Perez-Sayans M, De Milito A, Avnet S, Garcìa AG, Harguindey S, Fais S. Proton channels and exchangers in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2715-26. [PMID: 25449995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is characterized by an intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, a totally deranged pH control is a common feature of most cancer histotypes. Major determinants of aberrant pH gradient in cancer are proton exchangers and transporters, including V-ATPase, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Thanks to the activity of these proton transporters and exchangers, cancer becomes isolated and/or protected not only from the body reaction against the growing tumor, but also from the vast majority of drugs that when protonated into the acidic tumor microenvironment do not enter into cancer cells. Proton transporters and exchangers represent a key feature tumor cells use to survive in the very hostile microenvironmental conditions that they create and maintain. Detoxifying mechanisms may thus represent both a key survival option and a selection outcome for cells that behave as unicellular microorganisms rather than belonging to an organ, compartment or body. It is, in fact, typical of malignant tumors that, after a clinically measurable yet transient initial response to a therapy, resistant tumor clones emerge and proliferate, thus bursting a more malignant behavior and rapid tumor progression. This review critically presents the background of a novel and efficient approach that aims to fight cancer through blocking or inhibiting well characterized proton exchangers and transporters active in human cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pierluigi Spugnini
- Anti-Cancer Drug Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Perez-Sayans
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Abel Garcìa Garcìa
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Stefano Fais
- Anti-Cancer Drug Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Scherer O, Steinmetz H, Kaether C, Weinigel C, Barz D, Kleinert H, Menche D, Müller R, Pergola C, Werz O. Targeting V-ATPase in primary human monocytes by archazolid potently represses the classical secretion of cytokines due to accumulation at the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:490-500. [PMID: 25107704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The macrolide archazolid inhibits vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a proton-translocating enzyme involved in protein transport and pH regulation of cell organelles, and potently suppresses cancer cell growth at low nanomolar concentrations. In view of the growing link between inflammation and cancer, we investigated whether inhibition of V-ATPase by archazolid may affect primary human monocytes that can promote cancer by sustaining inflammation through the release of tumor-promoting cytokines. Human primary monocytes express V-ATPase, and archazolid (10-100nM) increases the vesicular pH in these cells. Archazolid (10nM) markedly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, interleukin-6 and -8) but also of anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10) cytokines in monocytes stimulated with LPS, without affecting cell viability up to 1000nM. Of interest, secretion of interleukin-1β was increased by archazolid. Comparable effects were obtained by the V-ATPase inhibitors bafilomycin and apicularen. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK-1/2, Akt, SAPK/JNK or of the inhibitor of NFκB (IκBα) as well as mRNA expression of IL-8 were not altered by archazolid in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Instead, archazolid caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response visualized by increased BiP expression and accumulation of IL-8 (and TNF-α) at the ER, indicating a perturbation of protein secretion. In conclusion, by interference with V-ATPase, archazolid significantly affects the secretion of cytokines due to accumulation at the ER which might be of relevance when using these agents for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Scherer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Barz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmazeutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carlo Pergola
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hamm R, Chen YR, Seo EJ, Zeino M, Wu CF, Müller R, Yang NS, Efferth T. Induction of cholesterol biosynthesis by archazolid B in T24 bladder cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:18-30. [PMID: 24976507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance of cancer cells towards chemotherapeutics represents a major cause of therapy failure. The objective of our study was to evaluate cellular defense strategies in response to the novel vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor, archazolid B. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of archazolid B on T24 bladder carcinoma cells were investigated by combining "omics" technologies (transcriptomics (mRNA and miRNA) and proteomics). Free cholesterol distribution was determined by filipin staining using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry was performed for LDLR surface expression studies. Uptake of LDL cholesterol was visualized by confocal microscopy. SREBP activation was determined performing Western Blotting. The efficiency of archazolid B/fluvastatin combination was tested by cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS Archazolid B led to accumulation of free cholesterol within intracellular compartments and drastic disturbances in cholesterol homeostasis resulting in activation of SREBP-2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2) and up-regulation of target genes including HMGCR (HMG-CoA reductase), the key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis. LDLR surface expression was reduced and LDL uptake was completely inhibited after 24h, indicating newly synthesized cholesterol to be the main source of cholesterol in archazolid B treated cells. By combining archazolid B with the HMGCR inhibitor fluvastatin, cholesterol was reduced and cell viability decreased by about 20% compared to archazolid B treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed cholesterol biosynthesis as an important resistance mechanism in T24 cells after archazolid B treatment. The combination of archazolid B with statins may be an attractive strategy to potentiate archazolid B induced cell killing by affecting cholesterol biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hamm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Y-R Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maen Zeino
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - N-S Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate that is effective and generally well tolerated when administered as a single agent to treat advanced breast cancer. Efficacy has now been demonstrated in randomized trials as first line, second line, and later than the second line treatment of advanced breast cancer. T-DM1 is currently being evaluated as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer. It has several mechanisms of action consisting of the anti-tumor effects of trastuzumab and those of DM1, a cytotoxic anti-microtubule agent released within the target cells upon degradation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-T-DM1 complex in lysosomes. The cytotoxic effect of T-DM1 likely varies depending on the intracellular concentration of DM1 accumulated in cancer cells, high intracellular levels resulting in rapid apoptosis, somewhat lower levels in impaired cellular trafficking and mitotic catastrophe, while the lowest levels lead to poor response to T-DM1. Primary resistance of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer to T-DM1 appears to be relatively infrequent, but most patients treated with T-DM1 develop acquired drug resistance. The mechanisms of resistance are incompletely understood, but mechanisms limiting the binding of trastuzumab to cancer cells may be involved. The cytotoxic effect of T-DM1 may be impaired by inefficient internalization or enhanced recycling of the HER2-T-DM1 complex in cancer cells, or impaired lysosomal degradation of trastuzumab or intracellular trafficking of HER2. The effect of T-DM1 may also be compromised by multidrug resistance proteins that pump DM1 out of cancer cells. In this review we discuss the mechanism of action of T-DM1 and the key clinical results obtained with it, the combinations of T-DM1 with other cytotoxic agents and anti-HER drugs, and the potential resistance mechanisms and the strategies to overcome resistance to T-DM1.
Collapse
|
45
|
von Schwarzenberg K, Lajtos T, Simon L, Müller R, Vereb G, Vollmar AM. V-ATPase inhibition overcomes trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:9-19. [PMID: 24055142 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The HER2 oncogene targeting drug trastuzumab shows remarkable efficacy in patients overexpressing HER2. However acquired or primary resistance develops in most of the treated patients why alternative treatment strategies are strongly needed. As endosomal sorting and recycling are crucial steps for HER2 activity and the vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an important regulator of endocytotic trafficking, we proposed that targeting V-ATPase opens a new therapeutic strategy against trastuzumab-resistant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. V-ATPase inhibition with archazolid, a novel inhibitor of myxobacterial origin, results in growth inhibition, apoptosis and impaired HER2 pro-survival signaling of the trastuzumab-resistant cell line JIMT-1. This is accompanied by a decreased expression on the plasma membrane and accumulation of HER2 in the cytosol, where it colocalizes with endosomes, lysosomes and autophagosomes. Importantly, microscopic analysis of JIMT-1 xenograft tumor tissue of archazolid treated mice confirms the defect in HER2-recycling which leads to reduced tumor growth. These results suggest that V-ATPase inhibition by archazolid induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of trastuzumab-resistant tumor cells by retaining HER2 in dysfunctional vesicles of the recycling pathway and consequently abrogates HER2-signaling in vitro as well as in vivo. V-ATPase inhibition is thus suggested as a promising strategy for treatment of trastuzumab-resistant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin von Schwarzenberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Tamás Lajtos
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Làszló Simon
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, PO 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barar J, Omidi Y. Dysregulated pH in Tumor Microenvironment Checkmates Cancer Therapy. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2013; 3:149-62. [PMID: 24455478 PMCID: PMC3892734 DOI: 10.5681/bi.2013.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dysregulation of pH by cancerous cells of solid tumors is able to create a unique milieu that is in favor of progression, invasion and metastasis as well as chemo-/immuno-resistance traits of solid tumors. Bioelements involved in pH dysregulation provide new set of oncotargets, inhibition of which may result in better clinical outcome. METHODS To study the impacts of pH dysregulation, we investigated the tumor development and progression in relation with Warburg effect, glycolysis and formation of aberrant tumor microenvironment. RESULTS The upregulation of glucose transporter GLUT-1 and several enzymes involve in glycolysis exacerbates this phenomenon. The accumulation of lactic acids in cancer cells provokes upregulation of several transport machineries (MCT-1, NHE-1, CA IX and H(+) pump V-ATPase) resulting in reinforced efflux of proton into extracellular fluid. This deviant event makes pH to be settled at 7.4 and 6.6 respectively in cancer cells cytoplasm and extracellular fluid within the tumor microenvironment, which in return triggers secretion of lysosomal components (various enzymes in acidic milieu with pH 5) into cytoplasm. All these anomalous phenomena make tumor microenvironment (TME) to be exposed to cocktail of various enzymes with acidic pH, upon which extracellular matrix (ECM) can be remodeled and even deformed, resulting in emergence of a complex viscose TME with high interstitial fluid pressure. CONCLUSION It seems that pH dysregulation is able to remodel various physiologic functions and make solid tumors to become much more invasive and metastatic. It also can cause undesired resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Hence, cancer therapy needs to be reinforced using specific inhibitors of bioelements involved in pH dysregulation of TME in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|