1
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Lin WC, Chang HH, Huang ZB, Huang LC, Kuo WC, Cheng MC. COP1-ERF1-SCE1 regulatory module fine-tunes stress response under light-dark cycle in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1877-1894. [PMID: 38343027 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1) plays an important role in integrating hormone crosstalk and stress responses. Previous studies have shown that ERF1 is unstable in the dark and its degradation is mediated by UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME 18. However, whether there are other enzymes regulating ERF1's stability remains unclear. Here, we use various in vitro and in vivo biochemical, genetic and stress-tolerance tests to demonstrate that both CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and SUMO-CONJUGATING ENZYME 1 (SCE1) regulate the stability of ERF1. We also performed transcriptomic analyses to understand their common regulatory pathways. We show that COP1 mediates ERF1 ubiquitination in the dark while SCE1 mediates ERF1 sumoylation in the light. ERF1 stability is positively regulated by SCE1 and negatively regulated by COP1. Upon abiotic stress, SCE1 plays a positive role in stress defence by regulating the expression of ERF1's downstream stress-responsive genes, whereas COP1 plays a negative role in stress response. Moreover, ERF1 also promotes photomorphogenesis and the expression of light-responsive genes. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of how COP1 and SCE1 counteract to regulate ERF1's stability and light-stress signalling crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsien Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Bin Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chen Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Kuo
- Fruit and Flower Industry Division, Agriculture and Food Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Chen P, Ye M, Chen Y, Wang Q, Wang Q, Zhong M. Dual-transgenic BiFC vector systems for protein-protein interaction analysis in plants. Front Genet 2024; 15:1355568. [PMID: 38525241 PMCID: PMC10957565 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1355568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction (PPI) play a pivotal role in cellular signal transduction. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay offers a rapid and intuitive means to ascertain the localization and interactions of target proteins within living cells. BiFC is based on fluorescence complementation by reconstitution of a functional fluorescent protein by co-expression of N- and C-terminal fragments of this protein. When fusion proteins interact, the N- and C-terminal fragments come into close proximity, leading to the reconstitution of the fluorescent protein. In the conventional approach, the N-terminal and C-terminal fragments of the fluorescent protein are typically expressed using two separate vectors, which largely relies on the efficiency of the transformation of the two vectors in the same cells. Furthermore, issues of vector incompatibility can often result in loss of one plasmid. To address these challenges, we have developed novel dual-transgenic BiFC vectors, designed as pDTQs, derived from the previously published pDT1 vector. This set of BiFC vectors offers the following advantages: 1) Both fluorescent fusion proteins are expressed sequentially within a single vector, enhancing expression efficiency; 2) Independent promoters and terminators regulate the expression of the two proteins potentially mitigating vector compatibility issues; 3) A long linker is inserted between the fluorescent protein fragment and the gene of interest, facilitating the recombination of the fused fluorescent protein into an active form; 4) Four distinct types of fluorescent proteins, namely, EYFP, mVenus, mRFP1Q66T and mCherry are available for BiFC analysis. We assessed the efficiency of the pDTQs system by investigating the oligomerization of Arabidopsis CRY2 and CRY2-BIC2 interactions in N. benthamiana. Notably, the pDTQs were found to be applicable in rice, underscoring their potential utility across various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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3
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Wang H, Feng M, Jiang Y, Du D, Dong C, Zhang Z, Wang W, Liu J, Liu X, Li S, Chen Y, Guo W, Xin M, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Peng H, Liu J. Thermosensitive SUMOylation of TaHsfA1 defines a dynamic ON/OFF molecular switch for the heat stress response in wheat. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3889-3910. [PMID: 37399070 PMCID: PMC10533334 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Dissecting genetic components in crop plants associated with heat stress (HS) sensing and adaptation will facilitate the design of modern crop varieties with improved thermotolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the ON/OFF switch controlling HS responses (HSRs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) remain largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the molecular action of TaHsfA1, a class A heat shock transcription factor, in sensing dynamically changing HS signals and regulating HSRs. We show that the TaHsfA1 protein is modified by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) and that this modification is essential for the full transcriptional activation activity of TaHsfA1 in triggering downstream gene expression. During sustained heat exposure, the SUMOylation of TaHsfA1 is suppressed, which partially reduces TaHsfA1 protein activity, thereby reducing the intensity of downstream HSRs. In addition, we demonstrate that TaHsfA1 interacts with the histone acetyltransferase TaHAG1 in a thermosensitive manner. Together, our findings emphasize the importance of TaHsfA1 in thermotolerance in wheat. In addition, they define a highly dynamic SUMOylation-dependent "ON/OFF" molecular switch that senses temperature signals and contributes to thermotolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Man Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dejie Du
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoheng Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangqing Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Srivastava M, Srivastava AK, Roy D, Mansi M, Gough C, Bhagat PK, Zhang C, Sadanandom A. The conjugation of SUMO to the transcription factor MYC2 functions in blue light-mediated seedling development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2892-2906. [PMID: 35567527 PMCID: PMC9338799 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A key function of photoreceptor signaling is the coordinated regulation of a large number of genes to optimize plant growth and development. The basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor MYC2 is crucial for regulating gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana during development in blue light. Here we demonstrate that blue light induces the SUMOylation of MYC2. Non-SUMOylatable MYC2 is less effective in suppressing blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis than wild-type (WT) MYC2. MYC2 interacts physically with the SUMO proteases SUMO PROTEASE RELATED TO FERTILITY1 (SPF1) and SPF2. Blue light exposure promotes the degradation of SPF1 and SPF2 and enhances the SUMOylation of MYC2. Phenotypic analysis revealed that SPF1/SPF2 function redundantly as positive regulators of blue light-mediated photomorphogenesis. Our data demonstrate that SUMO conjugation does not affect the dimerization of MYC transcription factors but modulates the interaction of MYC2 with its cognate DNA cis-element and with the ubiquitin ligase Plant U-box 10 (PUB10). Finally, we show that non-SUMOylatable MYC2 is less stable and interacts more strongly with PUB10 than the WT. Taken together, we conclude that SUMO functions as a counterpoint to the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of MYC2, thereby enhancing its function in blue light signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dipan Roy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Mansi Mansi
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Catherine Gough
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | | | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
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5
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Castro PH, Couto D, Santos MÂ, Freitas S, Lourenço T, Dias E, Huguet S, Marques da Silva J, Tavares RM, Bejarano ER, Azevedo H. SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 connects sumoylation and reactive oxygen species homeostasis processes in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:934-954. [PMID: 35238389 PMCID: PMC9157161 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like modifying peptide SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) has become a known modulator of the plant response to multiple environmental stimuli. A common feature of many of these external stresses is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taking into account that SUMO conjugates rapidly accumulate in response to an external oxidative stimulus, it is likely that ROS and sumoylation converge at the molecular and regulatory levels. In this study, we explored the SUMO-ROS relationship, using as a model the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) null mutant of the major SUMO-conjugation enhancer, the E3 ligase SAP AND MIZ 1 (SIZ1). We showed that SIZ1 is involved in SUMO conjugate increase when primed with both exogenous and endogenous ROS. In siz1, seedlings were sensitive to oxidative stress imposition, and mutants accumulated different ROS throughout development. We demonstrated that the deregulation in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide homeostasis, but not of singlet O2 (1O2), was partially due to SA accumulation in siz1. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis highlighted a transcriptional signature that implicated siz1 with 1O2 homeostasis. Subsequently, we observed that siz1 displayed chloroplast morphological defects and altered energy dissipation activity and established a link between the chlorophyll precursor protochlorophyllide and deregulation of PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE OXIDOREDUCTASE A (PORA), which is known to drive overproduction of 1O2. Ultimately, network analysis uncovered known and additional associations between transcriptional control of PORA and SIZ1-dependent sumoylation. Our study connects sumoylation, and specifically SIZ1, to the control of chloroplast functions and places sumoylation as a molecular mechanism involved in ROS homeostatic and signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Daniel Couto
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ângelo Santos
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Sara Freitas
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Tiago Lourenço
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Eva Dias
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay 91405, France
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) and Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Tavares
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Plant Functional Biology Center, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Department of Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Herlander Azevedo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Vairão 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal
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6
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Dong Y, Hu ZC, Østergaard L. An optimized protocol to assess SUMOylation in the plant Capsella rubella using two-component DEX-inducible transformants. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101197. [PMID: 35243380 PMCID: PMC8885766 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present an efficient protocol to test the SUMOylation of a target protein in the plant Capsella rubella based on overexpression of dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible tagged proteins. We describe the construction of two-component, FLAG-tagged DEX-inducible plasmids. We then detail the transformation of Capsella, followed by DEX treatment and SUMOylation assays. This protocol can be widely applied to proteins with expression restricted to specific cells and tissues using native promoters as well as proteins whose overexpression leads to embryo lethality. For complete details on the use and execution of this profile, please refer to Dong et al. (2020). An easy-to-use pipeline for constructing FLAG-tagged DEX-inducible plasmids An efficient transformation protocol for Capsella rubella An optimized protocol to test SUMOylation of a protein of interest in plants
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7
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Péter C, Nagy F, Viczián A. SUMOylation of different targets fine-tunes phytochrome signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1201-1211. [PMID: 34289130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants monitor their surrounding ambient light environment by specialized photoreceptor proteins. Among them, phytochromes monitor red and far-red light. These molecules perceive photons, undergo a conformational change, and regulate diverse light signaling pathways, resulting in the mediation of key developmental and growth responses throughout the whole life of plants. Posttranslational modifications of the photoreceptors and their signaling partners may modify their function. For example, the regulatory role of phosphorylation has been investigated for decades by using different methodological approaches. In the past few years, a set of studies revealed that ubiquitin-like short protein molecules, called small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are attached reversibly to different members of phytochrome signaling pathways, including phytochrome B, the dominant receptor of red light signaling. Furthermore, SUMO attachment modifies the action of the target proteins, leading to altered light signaling and photomorphogenesis. This review summarizes recent results regarding SUMOylation of various target proteins, the regulation of their SUMOylation level, and the physiological consequences of SUMO attachment. Potential future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Péter
- Laboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Laboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - András Viczián
- Laboratory of Photo and Chronobiology, Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
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8
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Wang Q, Liu P, Jing H, Zhou XF, Zhao B, Li Y, Jin JB. JMJ27-mediated histone H3K9 demethylation positively regulates drought-stress responses in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:221-236. [PMID: 34197643 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) is associated with heterochromatinization and transcriptional gene silencing in plants. The activation of sets of genes by drought stress is correlated with reduced H3K9me2 levels, but the role of H3K9 methylation in the regulation of drought-stress responses remains elusive. Here, we show that the Jumonji domain-containing H3K9 demethylase JMJ27 positively regulates drought-stress responses through its histone demethylase activity. RNA-seq analysis identified JMJ27-regulated genes, including positive regulators of drought stress GALACTINOL SYNTHASE 2 (GOLS2) and RESPONSE TO DESICCATION 20 (RD20). Genetic analysis demonstrated that JMJ27 positively regulates drought-stress responses at least partly through GOLS2 and RD20. JMJ27 directly associated with GOLS2 and RD20, and protected these loci from silencing by reducing H3K9me2 levels under normal conditions. REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE 1a (RPN1a), a subunit of the 26S proteasome, interacted with JMJ27 and negatively regulated JMJ27 accumulation. Drought stress diminished RPN1a abundance, resulting in increased JMJ27 abundance. The drought stress-promoted occupancy of JMJ27 at GOLS2 and RD20 chromatin may reinforce their transcriptional induction by locally reducing the H3K9me2 levels. These results indicate that the RPN1a-JMJ27 module precisely regulates dynamic H3K9me2 deposition plasticity, ensuring proper adaptation to drought stress in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hua Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Feng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jing Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Sharma M, Fuertes D, Perez-Gil J, Lois LM. SUMOylation in Phytopathogen Interactions: Balancing Invasion and Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703795. [PMID: 34485289 PMCID: PMC8415633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly confronted by a multitude of biotic stresses involving a myriad of pathogens. In crops, pathogen infections result in significant agronomical losses worldwide posing a threat to food security. In order to enter plant tissues and establish a successful infection, phytopathogens have to surpass several physical, and chemical defense barriers. In recent years, post-translational modification (PTM) mechanisms have emerged as key players in plant defense against pathogens. PTMs allow a highly dynamic and rapid response in front of external challenges, increasing the complexity and precision of cellular responses. In this review, we focus on the role of SUMO conjugation (SUMOylation) in plant immunity against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In plants, SUMO regulates multiple biological processes, ranging from development to responses arising from environmental challenges. During pathogen attack, SUMO not only modulates the activity of plant defense components, but also serves as a target of pathogen effectors, highlighting its broad role in plant immunity. Here, we summarize known pathogenic strategies targeting plant SUMOylation and, the plant SUMO conjugates involved in host-pathogen interactions. We also provide a catalog of candidate SUMO conjugates according to their role in defense responses. Finally, we discuss the complex role of SUMO in plant defense, focusing on key biological and experimental aspects that contribute to some controversial conclusions, and the opportunities for improving agricultural productivity by engineering SUMOylation in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Biosciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Fuertes
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Perez-Gil
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Pardi SA, Nusinow DA. Out of the Dark and Into the Light: A New View of Phytochrome Photobodies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:732947. [PMID: 34531891 PMCID: PMC8438518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.732947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light is a critical environmental stimulus for plants, serving as an energy source via photosynthesis and a signal for developmental programming. Plants perceive light through various light-responsive proteins, termed photoreceptors. Phytochromes are red-light photoreceptors that are highly conserved across kingdoms. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome B serves as a light and thermal sensor, mediating physiological processes such as seedling germination and establishment, hypocotyl growth, chlorophyll biogenesis, and flowering. In response to red light, phytochromes convert to a biologically active form, translocating from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and further compartmentalizes into subnuclear compartments termed photobodies. PhyB photobodies regulate phytochrome-mediated signaling and physiological outputs. However, photobody function, composition, and biogenesis remain undefined since their discovery. Based on photobody cellular dynamics and the properties of internal components, photobodies have been suggested to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, a process by which some membraneless compartments form. Here, we explore photobodies as environmental sensors, examine the role of their protein constituents, and outline the biophysical perspective that photobodies may be undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation. Understanding the molecular, cellular, and biophysical processes that shape how plants perceive light will help in engineering improved sunlight capture and fitness of important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Pardi
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dmitri A. Nusinow
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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11
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Bernula P, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Hajdu A, Kozma-Bognár L, Josse EM, Ádám É, Nagy F, Viczián A. SUMOylation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2050-2061. [PMID: 33078389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome B (phyB) is the dominant receptor of photomorphogenic development under red light. Phytochrome B interacts with a set of downstream regulatory proteins, including PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3). The interaction between PIF3 and photoactivated phyB leads to the rapid phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3 and also to the degradation of phyB, events which are required for proper photomorphogenesis. Here we report that PIF3 is SUMOylated at the Lys13 (K13) residue and that we could detect this posttranslational modification in a heterologous experimental system and also in planta. We also found that the SUMO acceptor site mutant PIF3(K13R) binds more strongly to the target promoters than its SUMOylated, wild-type counterpart. Seedlings expressing PIF3(K13R) show an elongated hypocotyl response, elevated photoprotection and higher transcriptional induction of red-light responsive genes compared with plantlets expressing wild-type PIF3. These observations are supported by the lower level of phyB in plants which possess only PIF3(K13R), indicating that SUMOylation of PIF3 also alters photomorphogenesis via the regulation of phyB levels. In conclusion, whereas SUMOylation is generally connected to different stress responses, it also fine-tunes light signalling by reducing the biological activity of PIF3, thus promoting photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bernula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Anita Hajdu
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - László Kozma-Bognár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Eve-Marie Josse
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Éva Ádám
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - András Viczián
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
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12
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Srivastava M, Sadanandom A, Srivastava AK. Towards understanding the multifaceted role of SUMOylation in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:77-85. [PMID: 32880960 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in regulating plant growth and development through the modulation of protein functionality and its interaction with its partners. Analysis of the functional implication of PTMs on plant cellular signalling presents grand challenges in understanding their significance. Proteins decorated or modified with another chemical group or polypeptide play a significant role in regulating physiological processes as compared with non-decorated or non-modified proteins. In the past decade, SUMOylation has been emerging as a potent PTM influencing the adaptability of plants to growth, in response to various environmental cues. Deciphering the SUMO-mediated regulation of plant stress responses and its consequences is required to understand the mechanism underneath. Here, we will discuss the recent advances in the role and significance of SUMOylation in plant growth, development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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13
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Zeidler M. Fine-Tuning by the Touch of Big Dudes: SUMOs Role in Light Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:943-945. [PMID: 32522624 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Zeidler
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Senckenbergstrasse 3, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
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