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Xu S, Zhang Y, Cai H, He Y, Chen L, Zhang G, Chen R, Gu C, Teng X, Duan E, Jiang L, Ren Y, Wang Y, Dong H, Wan J. Lysine 98 in NAC20/NAC26 transcription factors: a key regulator of starch and protein synthesis in rice endosperm. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 349:112258. [PMID: 39277049 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Starch and proteins are main storage product to determine the appearance, cooking, texture, and nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsNAC20 and OsNAC26, as pivotal transcription factors, redundantly regulate the expression of genes responsible for starch and protein synthesis in the rice endosperm. Any knockout of OsNAC20 or OsNAC26 did not result in visible endosperm defects. In this study, we had isolated and characterized a mutant named as floury endosperm25 (flo25). The caryopsis of the flo25 mutant exhibits a floury endosperm, accompanied by reductions in both the 1000-grain weight and grain length, as well as diminished levels of total starch and protein. Through map-based cloning, it was determined that FLO25 encodes a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factors, namely OsNAC26, with a lysine to asparagine substitution at position 98 in the flo25 mutant. Remarkably, lysine 98 is conserved across plants species, and this mutation does not alter the subcellular localization of OsNAC26 but significantly attenuates its transcriptional activity and its ability to activate downstream target genes. Furthermore, the mutant protein encoded by OsNAC26-flo25 could interact with OsNAC20, disrupting the native interaction between OsNAC20 proteins. Additionally, when lysine 98 is substituted with asparagine in OsNAC20, the resulting mutant protein, OsNAC20(K98N), similarly disrupts the interaction between OsNAC26 proteins. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal role of Lysine 98 (K) in modulating the transcriptional activity of NAC20/NAC26 within the rice endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Laibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuanwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Qu J, Liu G, Zheng H, Wang X, Zhang H, Gou X, Xu S, Xue J. Deciphering the Genetic Basis of Kernel Composition in a Maize Association Panel. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20182-20193. [PMID: 39196892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective in contemporary maize breeding is to pursue high quality alongside high yield. Deciphering the genetic basis of natural variation in starch, protein, oil, and fiber contents is essential for manipulating kernel composition, thereby enhancing the kernel quality and meeting growing demands. Here, we identified 12 to 88 statistically significant loci associated with kernel composition traits through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a panel of 212 diverse inbred lines. A regional association study pinpointed numerous causal candidate genes at these loci. Coexpression and protein-protein interaction network analyses of candidate genes revealed several causal genes directly or indirectly involved in the metabolic processes related to kernel composition traits. Subsequent mutant experiment revealed that nonsense mutations in ZmTIFY12 affect starch, protein, and fiber content, whereas nonsense mutations in ZmTT12 affect starch, protein, and oil content. These findings provide valuable guidance for improving kernel quality in maize breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Qu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- The Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Maize Engineering & Technology Research Centre, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gengyu Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Maize Engineering & Technology Research Centre, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Maize Engineering & Technology Research Centre, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaonan Gou
- The Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Maize Engineering & Technology Research Centre, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shutu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Maize Engineering & Technology Research Centre, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiquan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Maize Engineering & Technology Research Centre, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Yan X, Zhou W, Huang X, Ouyang J, Li S, Gao J, Wang X. RAL6 encodes a seed allergenic protein that positively regulates grain weight and seed germination. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s10265-024-01581-w. [PMID: 39242482 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The rice albumin (RAG) gene family belongs to the Tryp_alpha_amyl family. RAG2, specifically expressed in 14-21 DAP (days after pollination) seeds, regulates grain yield and quality. In this study, we identified another RAG family gene, RAL6, which exhibits specific expression in developing seeds, particularly in 7, 10, and 15 DAP seeds. Employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we analyzed functions of RAL6 and found that the ral6 lines (ral6-1, ral6-2, ral6-3, and ral6-4) displayed thinner seeds with significantly decreased 1000-grain weight and grain thickness compared to ZH11. Additionally, the cell width of spikelet cells, total protein and glutelin contents were significantly reduced in ral6. The germination assay and 1% TTC staining revealed a significant decrease in seed vigor among the ral6 lines. The alpha-amylase activity in ral6 mutant seeds was also markedly lower than in ZH11 seeds after 2 days of imbibition. Furthermore, co-expression analysis and GO annotation showed that co-expressed genes were involved in immune response, oligopeptide transport, and the glucan biosynthetic process. Collectively, our findings suggest that RAL6 plays a coordinating role in regulating grain weight and seed germination in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xirui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiexiu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiadong Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510555, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of life science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Song T, Huo Q, Li C, Wang Q, Cheng L, Qi W, Ma Z, Song R. The biosynthesis of storage reserves and auxin is coordinated by a hierarchical regulatory network in maize endosperm. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1855-1869. [PMID: 38962989 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Grain filling in maize (Zea mays) is intricately linked to cell development, involving the regulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of storage reserves (starch, proteins, and lipids) and phytohormones. However, the regulatory network coordinating these biological functions remains unclear. In this study, we identified 1744 high-confidence target genes co-regulated by the transcription factors (TFs) ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 (ZmNAC128/130) through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing coupled with RNA-seq analysis in the zmnac128/130 loss-of-function mutants. We further constructed a hierarchical regulatory network using DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis of downstream TFs regulated by ZmNAC128/130. In addition to target genes involved in the biosynthesis of starch and zeins, we discovered novel target genes of ZmNAC128/130 involved in the biosynthesis of lipids and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Consistently, the number of oil bodies, as well as the contents of triacylglycerol, and IAA were significantly reduced in zmnac128/130. The hierarchical regulatory network centered by ZmNAC128/130 revealed a significant overlap between the direct target genes of ZmNAC128/130 and their downstream TFs, particularly in regulating the biosynthesis of storage reserves and IAA. Our results indicated that the biosynthesis of storage reserves and IAA is coordinated by a multi-TFs hierarchical regulatory network in maize endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lijun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zeyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, National Maize Improvement Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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5
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Yan Y, Yang H, Du Y, Li X, Li X. Effects and molecular mechanisms of polyethylene microplastic oxidation on wheat grain quality. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134816. [PMID: 38850928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) are the main MPs in agricultural soils and undergo oxidation upon environmental exposure. However, the influence of MP oxidation on phytotoxicity (especially for crop fruit) is still limited. This study aimed to explore the effect of PE MP oxidation on crop toxicity. Herein, a combination of plant phenotyping, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches was used to evaluate the effects of low-oxidation PE (LOPE) and high-oxidation PE (HOPE) on wheat growth, grain quality, and related molecular mechanisms using pot experiments. The results showed that HOPE induced a stronger inhibition of wheat growth and reduction in protein content and mineral elements than LOPE. This was accompanied by root ultrastructural damage and downregulation of carbohydrate metabolism, translation, nutrient reservoir activity, and metal ion binding gene expression. Compared with HOPE, LOPE activated a stronger plant defense response by reducing the starch content by 22.87 %, increasing soluble sugar content by 44.93 %, and upregulating antioxidant enzyme genes and crucial metabolic pathways (e.g., starch and sucrose, linoleic acid, and phenylalanine metabolism). The presence of PE MPs in the environment exacerbates crop growth inhibition and fruit quality deterioration, highlighting the need to consider the environmental and food safety implications of MPs in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Balmant KM, Resende MFR. SnRK1a1, a new player in the sucrose-Opaque2 network during endosperm filling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:1172-1174. [PMID: 38973160 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Hu J, Zhu L, Yin X, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Effects of protein morphological structures on the cereal processing, sensorial property and starch digestion: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38950560 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2365354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In cereals, the protein body and protein matrix are usually two morphological protein structures. However, processing treatments can affect protein structures, change protein bodies into the matrix, or induce a change in the matrix structure; therefore, the processing-induced matrix was listed as the third morphological structure of the protein. Previous research on the effect of proteins was mainly based on protein content and composition, but these studies arrived at different conclusions. Studying the effect of protein morphological structures on sensorial property and starch digestion can provide a theoretical basis for selecting cultivars with high sensorial property and help produce low-glycemic index foods for people with diabetes, controlling their postprandial blood sugar. This study aimed to review the distribution and structure of protein bodies, protein matrices, and processing-induced matrices, as well as their influence on cereal sensorial property and starch digestion. Therefore, we determined the protein morphological structures in different cereal cultivars and summarized its impact. Protein bodies mainly have steric stabilization effects on starch gelatinization, whereas the protein matrix serves as a physical barrier surrounding the starch to inhibit water absorption and α-amylase. Processing can change protein morphological structures, enabling protein bodies to act as a physical matrix barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianting Yin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yayuan Zhang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Fuertes-Aguilar J, Matilla AJ. Transcriptional Control of Seed Life: New Insights into the Role of the NAC Family. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5369. [PMID: 38791407 PMCID: PMC11121595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific sequences on DNA through their DNA-binding domain (DBD), a universal process. This update conveys information about the diverse roles of TFs, focusing on the NACs (NAM-ATAF-CUC), in regulating target-gene expression and influencing various aspects of plant biology. NAC TFs appeared before the emergence of land plants. The NAC family constitutes a diverse group of plant-specific TFs found in mosses, conifers, monocots, and eudicots. This update discusses the evolutionary origins of plant NAC genes/proteins from green algae to their crucial roles in plant development and stress response across various plant species. From mosses and lycophytes to various angiosperms, the number of NAC proteins increases significantly, suggesting a gradual evolution from basal streptophytic green algae. NAC TFs play a critical role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, with their function conserved in angiosperms. Furthermore, the modular organization of NACs, their dimeric function, and their localization within cellular compartments contribute to their functional versatility and complexity. While most NAC TFs are nuclear-localized and active, a subset is found in other cellular compartments, indicating inactive forms until specific cues trigger their translocation to the nucleus. Additionally, it highlights their involvement in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced programmed cell death (PCD) by activating the vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) gene. Moreover, this update provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse roles of NAC TFs in plants, including their participation in ER stress responses, leaf senescence (LS), and growth and development. Notably, NACs exhibit correlations with various phytohormones (i.e., ABA, GAs, CK, IAA, JA, and SA), and several NAC genes are inducible by them, influencing a broad spectrum of biological processes. The study of the spatiotemporal expression patterns provides insights into when and where specific NAC genes are active, shedding light on their metabolic contributions. Likewise, this review emphasizes the significance of NAC TFs in transcriptional modules, seed reserve accumulation, and regulation of seed dormancy and germination. Overall, it effectively communicates the intricate and essential functions of NAC TFs in plant biology. Finally, from an evolutionary standpoint, a phylogenetic analysis suggests that it is highly probable that the WRKY family is evolutionarily older than the NAC family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel J. Matilla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 14971 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Yang T, Huang Y, Liao L, Wang S, Zhang H, Pan J, Huang Y, Li X, Chen D, Liu T, Lu X, Wu Y. Sucrose-associated SnRK1a1-mediated phosphorylation of Opaque2 modulates endosperm filling in maize. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:788-806. [PMID: 38615195 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
During maize endosperm filling, sucrose not only serves as a source of carbon skeletons for storage-reserve synthesis but also acts as a stimulus to promote this process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying sucrose and endosperm filling are poorly understood. In this study, we found that sucrose promotes the expression of endosperm-filling hub gene Opaque2 (O2), coordinating with storage-reserve accumulation. We showed that the protein kinase SnRK1a1 can attenuate O2-mediated transactivation, but sucrose can release this suppression. Biochemical assays revealed that SnRK1a1 phosphorylates O2 at serine 41 (S41), negatively affecting its protein stability and transactivation ability. We observed that mutation of SnRK1a1 results in larger seeds with increased kernel weight and storage reserves, while overexpression of SnRK1a1 causes the opposite effect. Overexpression of the native O2 (O2-OE), phospho-dead (O2-SA), and phospho-mimetic (O2-SD) variants all increased 100-kernel weight. Although O2-SA seeds exhibit smaller kernel size, they have higher accumulation of starch and proteins, resulting in larger vitreous endosperm and increased test weight. O2-SD seeds display larger kernel size but unchanged levels of storage reserves and test weight. O2-OE seeds show elevated kernel dimensions and nutrient storage, like a mixture of O2-SA and O2-SD seeds. Collectively, our study discovers a novel regulatory mechanism of maize endosperm filling. Identification of S41 as a SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation site in O2 offers a potential engineering target for enhancing storage-reserve accumulation and yield in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yunqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Longyu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongcai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Cao S, Liu B, Wang D, Rasheed A, Xie L, Xia X, He Z. Orchestrating seed storage protein and starch accumulation toward overcoming yield-quality trade-off in cereal crops. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:468-483. [PMID: 38409921 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high yield and good quality in crops is essential for human food security and health. However, there is usually disharmony between yield and quality. Seed storage protein (SSP) and starch, the predominant components in cereal grains, determine yield and quality, and their coupled synthesis causes a yield-quality trade-off. Therefore, dissection of the underlying regulatory mechanism facilitates simultaneous improvement of yield and quality. Here, we summarize current findings about the synergistic molecular machinery underpinning SSP and starch synthesis in the leading staple cereal crops, including maize, rice and wheat. We further evaluate the functional conservation and differentiation of key regulators and specify feasible research approaches to identify additional regulators and expand insights. We also present major strategies to leverage resultant information for simultaneous improvement of yield and quality by molecular breeding. Finally, future perspectives on major challenges are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Awais Rasheed
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lina Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianchun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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11
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do Nascimento GKS, Silva MS, Andressa I, Fagundes MB, Vendruscolo RG, Oliveira JR, Barcia MT, Benassi VM, Neves NDA, Lima CT, Schmiele M. A New Advancement in Germination Biotechnology of Purple Creole Corn: Bioactive Compounds and In Situ Enzyme Activity for Water-Soluble Extract and Pan Bread. Metabolites 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38248838 PMCID: PMC10819606 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Germination is a simple and cost-effective technology that enhances the technological, sensory, and nutritional potential of grains, making them more attractive for use in the food industry. Germinating indigenous seeds is an alternative to increase noticeability and add value to these grains, which hold social and economic significance in the regions where they are cultivated, such as creole purple pericarp corn (PPCC) from the Couto Magalhães de Minas region in Brazil. This study aimed to optimize the germination parameters of time (24-96 h) and temperature (18-32 °C) for PPCC to produce water-soluble extracts and bread. Endogenous enzymes resulting from the germination process significantly enhanced (p < 0.10) the technological (total reducing sugars, total soluble solids, and soluble proteins) and biological properties (γ-aminobutyric acid, total soluble phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity) of the water-soluble extracts. The optimum point for obtaining the extracts was found to be at 85.3 h at 30.46 °C (with desirability of 90.42%), and this was statistically validated. The incorporation of germinated PPCC flours into bread was also promising (p < 0.10) and had a positive impact on the dough property (dough volume increase) and the final product, especially in terms of instrumental texture (springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience), resulting in a softer texture (lower firmness and hardness). The addition of PPCC flours did not alter instrumental color parameters, which may lead to greater consumer acceptance due to imperceptible differences in color to untrained individuals, with the optimized point at 96 h at 29.34 °C, with a desirability of 92.60%. Therefore, germinated PPCC shows promise for use as a base for obtaining water-soluble extracts and in bread as a replacement for commercial flour improvers, while also adding value to a raw material that is part of the local culture and agrobiodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauce Kelly Silva do Nascimento
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelle Santos Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Irene Andressa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Raquel Guidetti Vendruscolo
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Josimar Rodrigues Oliveira
- Institute of Agrarian Science, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil;
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Vivian Machado Benassi
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Nathália de Andrade Neves
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristiane Teles Lima
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina 39100-000, MG, Brazil; (G.K.S.d.N.); (M.S.S.); (V.M.B.); (N.d.A.N.); (C.T.L.); (M.S.)
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12
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Safdar LB, Foulkes MJ, Kleiner FH, Searle IR, Bhosale RA, Fisk ID, Boden SA. Challenges facing sustainable protein production: Opportunities for cereals. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100716. [PMID: 37710958 PMCID: PMC10721536 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Rising demands for protein worldwide are likely to drive increases in livestock production, as meat provides ∼40% of dietary protein. This will come at a significant environmental cost, and a shift toward plant-based protein sources would therefore provide major benefits. While legumes provide substantial amounts of plant-based protein, cereals are the major constituents of global foods, with wheat alone accounting for 15-20% of the required dietary protein intake. Improvement of protein content in wheat is limited by phenotyping challenges, lack of genetic potential of modern germplasms, negative yield trade-offs, and environmental costs of nitrogen fertilizers. Presenting wheat as a case study, we discuss how increasing protein content in cereals through a revised breeding strategy combined with robust phenotyping could ensure a sustainable protein supply while minimizing the environmental impact of nitrogen fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqman B Safdar
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M John Foulkes
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Friedrich H Kleiner
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; Faculty of Applied Science, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Iain R Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Rahul A Bhosale
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ian D Fisk
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Scott A Boden
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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13
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Chen E, Yu H, He J, Peng D, Zhu P, Pan S, Wu X, Wang J, Ji C, Chao Z, Xu Z, Wu Y, Chao D, Wu Y, Zhang Z. The transcription factors ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 coordinate with Opaque2 to promote endosperm filling in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4066-4090. [PMID: 37542515 PMCID: PMC10615213 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Endosperm filling in maize (Zea mays), which involves nutrient uptake and biosynthesis of storage reserves, largely determines grain yield and quality. However, much remains unclear about the synchronization of these processes. Here, we comprehensively investigated the functions of duplicate NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC)-type transcription factors, namely, ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130, in endosperm filling. The gene-edited double mutant zmnac128 zmnac130 exhibits a poorly filled kernel phenotype such that the kernels have an inner cavity. RNA sequencing and protein abundance analysis revealed that the expression of many genes involved in the biosynthesis of zein and starch is reduced in the filling endosperm of zmnac128 zmnac130. Further, DNA affinity purification and sequencing combined with chromatin-immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR and promoter transactivation assays demonstrated that ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 are direct regulators of 3 (16-, 27-, and 50-kD) γ-zein genes and 6 important starch metabolism genes (Brittle2 [Bt2], pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme [Zpu1], granule-bound starch synthase 1 [GBSS1], starch synthase 1 [SS1], starch synthase IIa [SSIIa], and sucrose synthase 1 [Sus1]). ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 recognize an additional cis-element in the Opaque2 (O2) promoter to regulate its expression. The triple mutant zmnac128 zmnac130 o2 exhibits extremely poor endosperm filling, which results in more than 70% of kernel weight loss. ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 regulate the expression of the transporter genes sugars that will eventually be exported transporter 4c (ZmSWEET4c), sucrose and glucose carrier 1 (ZmSUGCAR1), and yellow stripe-like2 (ZmYSL2) and in turn facilitate nutrient uptake, while O2 plays a supporting role. In conclusion, ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 cooperate with O2 to facilitate endosperm filling, which involves nutrient uptake in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and the synthesis of zeins and starch in the starchy endosperm (SE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Huiqin Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Juan He
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Di Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Shuxing Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Xu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Jincang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
| | - Chen Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Zhenfei Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Zhuopin Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031,China
| | - Yuejin Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031,China
| | - Daiyin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027,China
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14
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Gao L, Hu Y. Editorial: Environmental and endogenous signals: crop yield and quality regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1271918. [PMID: 37670873 PMCID: PMC10476621 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1271918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Merlino M, Gaudin JC, Dardevet M, Martre P, Ravel C, Boudet J. Wheat DOF transcription factors TaSAD and WPBF regulate glutenin gene expression in cooperation with SPA. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287645. [PMID: 37352279 PMCID: PMC10289392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain storage proteins (GSPs) quantity and composition determine the end-use value of wheat flour. GSPs consists of low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GS), high-molecular-weight glutenins (HMW-GS) and gliadins. GSP gene expression is controlled by a complex network of DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions, which coordinate the tissue-specific protein expression during grain development. The regulatory network has been most extensively studied in barley, particularly the two transcription factors (TFs) of the DNA binding with One Finger (DOF) family, barley Prolamin-box Binding Factor (BPBF) and Scutellum and Aleurone-expressed DOF (SAD). They activate hordein synthesis by binding to the Prolamin box, a motif in the hordein promoter. The BPBF ortholog previously identified in wheat, WPBF, has a transcriptional activity in expression of some GSP genes. Here, the wheat ortholog of SAD, named TaSAD, was identified. The binding of TaSAD to GSP gene promoter sequences in vitro and its transcriptional activity in vivo were investigated. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, recombinant TaSAD and WPBF proteins bound to cis-motifs like those located on HMW-GS and LMW-GS gene promoters known to bind DOF TFs. We showed by transient expression assays in wheat endosperms that TaSAD and WPBF activate GSP gene expression. Moreover, co-bombardment of Storage Protein Activator (SPA) with WPBF or TaSAD had an additive effect on the expression of GSP genes, possibly through conserved cooperative protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Merlino
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Mireille Dardevet
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Martre
- LEPSE, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Ravel
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Boudet
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Rehmani MS, Xian B, Wei S, He J, Feng Z, Huang H, Shu K. Seedling establishment: The neglected trait in the seed longevity field. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107765. [PMID: 37209453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is a central actor in plant germplasm resource conservation, species reproduction, geographical distribution, crop yield and quality and food processing and safety. Seed longevity and vigor decrease gradually during storage, which directly influences seed germination and post-germination seedling establishment. It is noted that seedling establishment is a key shift from heterotropism to autotropism and is fueled by the energy reserved in the seeds per se. Numerous studies have demonstrated that expedited catabolism of triacylglycerols, fatty acid and sugars during seed storage is closely related to seed longevity. Storage of farm-saved seeds of elite cultivars for use in subsequent years is a common practice and it is recognized that aged seed (especially those stored under less-than-ideal conditions) can lead to poor seed germination, but the significance of poor seedling establishment as a separate factor capable of influencing crop yield has been overlooked. This review article summarizes the relationship between seed germination and seedling establishment and the effect of different seed reserves on seed longevity. Based on this, we emphasize the importance of simultaneous scoring of seedling establishment and germination percentage from aged seeds and discuss the reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zhenxin Feng
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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