Structure, antibacterial activity and theoretical study of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-N-methylethanesulfonylhydrazone

Pd-Catalyzed Rearrangement Reaction of N-Tosylhydrazones Bearing Allyl Ethers Into Trans-Olefin-Substituted Sulfonylhydrazones

A novel and efficient rearrangement of N-tosylhydrazones bearing allyl ethers into trans-olefin-substituted sulfonylhydrazones is proposed. The reaction involves breakage of the C-O bond and formation of the C-N bond. The reaction can be extended to a wide range of substrates, and the target products can be synthesized smoothly, regardless of the presence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. The proposed strategy is a new direction in the field of rearrangement reactions.

Study on the Development of a Cyclohexane Based Tripodal Molecular Device as "OFF-ON-OFF" pH Sensor and Fluorescent Iron Sensor

Background:

Iron is an essential transition metal which is indispensable for life processes like oxygen transport and metabolism, electron transfer etc. However, misregulated iron is responsible for disease like anemia, hemochromatosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In order to encounter these diseases, a better understanding is needed of its role in misregulation. Fluorescent iron sensors could help provide this information. The new chemosensor developed by linking a cyclohexane unit with three 8-hydroxyquinoline provides selective detection of iron in numerous biological and environmental samples.

Methods:

The Uv-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with pH measurements will mainly be used for the study. Theoretical studies at DFT level will be used to validate the method and explain the theory behind the experiments.

Results:

The study of electronic spectra of the chelator, HQCC, reveals the appearance of a band at 262 nm along with a weak band at 335 nm due to π- π* and n- π* transitions respectively. Upon excitation with 335 nm, the ligand fluoresces at 388 nm wavelength. The intensity of the emission was affected in presence of metal ions, with maximum deviation for Fe(III). Selectivity studies showed that Fe(III) is more selective as compared to the biologically relevant metal ions viz., Al(III), Fe(III), Cr(III), Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II). pH dependent studies implied that the fluorescence intensity was highest at pH ~8.0, whereas maximum quenching for iron-HQCC system was observed at pH 7.4. The binding studies from the B-H plot confirms the formation of 1:1 complex with association constant of 5.95 × 106. The results obtained from experiments were in agreement with that obtained from the DFT and TD-DFT studies.

Conclusion:

A novel tripodal chelator based on 8-hydroxyquinoline and symmetric cyclohexane scaffold was successfully developed. In addition to the excellence of the ligand to be employed as a promising sensitive fluorescent probe for easy detection of Fe3+ions at the physiological pH with very low concentration (7.5 x 10-5 molL-1), the new ligand can be used as an OFF-ON-OFF pH sensor. Fe(III) encapsulation along with 1:1 ML-complexation formation have been established. Theoretical studies confirm a d-PET mechanism for the fluorescence quenching. DFT studies revealed that the neutral form of the ligand is less reactive than its protonated or the deprotonated form.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor effects of salicilaldehyde-N-methyl p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone and its Palladium(II), Cobalt(II) complexes

We report the synthesis of the ligand, salicilaldehyde-N-methyl p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone (salptsmh) derived from p-toluenesulfonicacid-1-methylhydrazide (ptsmh) and its Pd(II) and Co(II) metal complexes were synthesized for the first time. The structure of the ligand and their complexes were investigated using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance and spectral (IR, NMR and LC-MS) measurements. Salptsmh has also been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. (1)H and (13)C shielding tensors for crystal structure were calculated with GIAO/DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) methods in CDCl3. The complexes were found to have general composition [ML2]. The results of elemental analysis showed 1:2 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry for all the complex. Magnetic and spectral data indicate a square planar geometry for Pd(II) complex and a distorted tetrahedral geometry for Co(II) complexes. The ligand and its metal chelates have been screened for their antimicrobial activities using the disk diffusion method against the selected Gram positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Gram negative bacteria: Eschericha coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia. The inhibition activities of these compounds on carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) and carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) have been investigated by comparing IC50 and Ki values and it has been found that Pd(II) complex have more enzyme inhibition efficiency than salptsmh and Co(II) complex.

Crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization and density functional studies of (E)-1-((3-methoxyphenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol

The Schiff base compound (E)-1-((3-methoxyphenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol was synthesized from the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with 3-methoxyaniline. The structural properties of the compound has been characterized by using FT-IR, UV-vis and X-ray single-crystal methods. According to X-ray diffraction result, the title compound exists in the phenol-imine tautomeric form. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies of the compound in the ground state have been calculated using the density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) method with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set, and compared with the experimental data. The obtained results show that the optimized molecular geometry is well reproduce the crystal structure. The theoretical vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the experimental values. The calculations of electronic absorption spectra of tautomeric forms of the compound were performed by using TD-DFT calculations both in the gas phase and ethanol solvent. To investigate the tautomeric stability, optimization calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level were performed for the phenol-imine and keto-amine forms of the compound. According to calculated results, the OH form is more stable than NH form. In addition, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbital analysis (HOMO-LUMO), thermodynamic and, non-linear optical (NLO) properties of the compound were investigated using same theoretical calculations.

Synthesis, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 13C, 1H, UV) study, first order hyperpolarizability, NBO analysis, HOMO and LUMO analysis of 2(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-Methylphenyl) Nitrone

The title compound, 2(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-Methylphenyl) Nitrone (2HPN4MPN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis and (1)HNMR, (13)CNMR spectral analysis. The molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and bonding features of the title compound in the ground state are computed at three parameter hybrid functional Lee-Yang-Parr/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The most stable conformer of 2HPN4MPN is identified from the computational results. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMF). The UV-Vis spectrum was recorded in chloroform solution. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) complements the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. In addition, DFT calculations of the compound, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Natural Bond Orbital analysis (NBO) and non-linear optical (NLO) properties are performed at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Finally, the calculations are applied to simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.

Synthesis, characterization and anti-microbial evaluation of Cu(II), Ni(II), Pt(II) and Pd(II) sulfonylhydrazone complexes; 2D-QSAR analysis of Ni(II) complexes of sulfonylhydrazone derivatives

Copper(II), nickel(II), platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-N-methylpropanesulfonylhydrazone (nafpsmh) derived from propanesulfonic acid-1-methylhydrazide (psmh) were synthesized, their structure were identified, and antimicrobial activity of the compounds was screened against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria. The results of antimicrobial studies indicate that Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes showed the most activity against all bacteria. The crystal structure of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-N-methylpropanesulfonylhydrazone (nafpsmh) was also investigated by X-ray analysis. A series of Ni(II) sulfonyl hydrazone complexes (1-33) was synthesized and tested in vitro against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Their antimicrobial activities were used in the QSAR analysis. Four-parameter QSAR models revealed that nucleophilic reaction index for Ni and O atoms, and HOMO-LUMO energy gap play key roles in the antimicrobial activity.

Synthesis, structure characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of 4-(substituted phenylazo)-3,5-diacetamido-1H-pyrazoles

The present article deals with the synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of phenylazo dyes. All of the synthesized phenylazo dyes were characterized using ATR-FTIR, FT-Raman, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, elemental analysis and mass spectroscopic techniques. Solvent effects on the UV-Vis absorption spectra of these phenylazo dyes were studied. Acid and base effects on the visible absorption maxima of the phenylazo dyes were also reported. The structural and spectroscopic analysis of the molecules were carried out using Density Functional Theory (DFT) employing the standard 6-31G(d) basis set, and the optimized geometries and calculated vibrational frequencies were evaluated via comparison with experimental values. The antimicrobial activity of 4-(substituted phenylazo)-3,5-diacetamido-1H-pyrazoles was reported against bacteria, including B. cereus (RSKK 863), S. aureus (ATCC 259231), M. luteus (NRRL B-4375), E. coli (ATCC 11230) and the yeast C. albicans (ATCC 10239).

The antibacterial activity of some sulfonamides and sulfonyl hydrazones, and 2D-QSAR study of a series of sulfonyl hydrazones

Benzenesulfonicacid-1-methylhydrazide (1) and its four aromatic sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives (1a-1d), N-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl)benzene sulfonamide (2) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzenesulfonamide (3) were synthesized and their structures were determined by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and LCMS techniques. Antibacterial activities of new synthesized compounds were evaluated against various bacteria strains by microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The experimental results show that presence of OH group on sulfonamides reduces the antimicrobial activity, and antimicrobial activities of the sulfonyl hydrazones (1a-1d) are smaller than that of the parent sulfonamide (1), except Candida albicans. In addition, 2D-QSAR analysis was performed on 28 aromatic sulfonyl hydrazones as antimicrobial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In the QSAR models, the most important descriptor is total point-charge component of the molecular dipole for E. coli, and partial negative surface area (PNSA-1) for S. aureus.

Conformational analysis, vibrational and NMR spectroscopic study of the methanesulfonamide-N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis

A conformational analysis of the methanesulfonamide-N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis (msen) was performed by using vibrational and NMR spectroscopies as well as theoretical computations. The possible stable conformers of msen on its potential energy surface were investigated by semi-empirical PM5 method and appropriate structures were defined with B3LYP hybrid density functional theory (DFT) method along with the basis sets of different size and type. Six different rotational isomers were found as the result of DFT calculation. The two isomer, called trans-trans-gauche(+)-eclipsed, synperiplanar (ttg(+)-e,bis) and trans-gauche(+)-gauche(-)-staggered, antiplanar (tg(+)g(-)-s,anti), were considered in the vibrational spectral analysis. The infrared (4000-30 cm(-1)) and Raman (4000-60 cm(-1)) spectra of msen were measured in solid state. For a complete assignment of the vibrational spectra, DFT calculations at B3LYP/6311-G(d,p) theory level combined with scaled quantum mechanics force field (SQMFF) methodology was performed. Furthermore, (13)C and (1)H NMR analyses were performed for six conformers at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and compared with the experimental findings. Results from experimental and theoretical data showed the ttg(+)-e,bis to be the most stable form of a msen molecule.

Studies on molecular structure and tautomerism of a vitamin B6 analog with density functional theory

This work presents a computational study on the molecular structure and tautomeric equilibria of a novel Schiff base L derived from pyridoxal (PL) and o-phenylenediamine by using the density functional method B3LYP with basis sets 6-31 G(d,p), 6-31++G(d,p), 6-311 G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p). The optimized geometrical parameters obtained by B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) method showed the best agreement with the experimental values. Tautomeric stability study of L inferred that the enolimine form is more stable than its ketoenamine form in both gas phase and solution. However, protonation of the pyridoxal nitrogen atom (LH) have accelerated the formation of ketoenamine form, and therefore, both ketoenamine and enolimine forms could be present in acidic media.

Versatile binding properties of a di-2-pyridyl ketone nicotinoylhydrazone ligand: crystal structure of a Cu(II) complex

Six new copper complexes of di-2-pyridyl ketone nicotinoylhydrazone (HDKN) have been synthesized. The complexes have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and the structure of [Cu(DKN)(2)]·H(2)O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Cu(DKN)(2)]·H(2)O crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1) and has a distorted octahedral geometry. The IR spectra revealed the presence of variable modes of chelation for the investigated ligand. The EPR spectra of compounds [Cu(2)(DKN)(2)(μ-N(3))(2)] and [Cu(2)(DKN)(2)(μ-NCS)(2)] in polycrystalline state suggest a dimeric structure as they exhibited a half field signal, which indicate the presence of a weak interaction between two Cu(II) ions in these complexes.

A new salen base 5-(phenylazo)-N-(2-amino pyridine) salicyliden Schiff base ligand: synthesis, experimental and density functional studies on its crystal structure, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra

A novel Schiff base ligand 5-(phenylazo)-N-(2-amino pyridine) salicyliden is prepared through the condensation of 5-(phenylazo) salicylaldehyde and 2-amino pyridine in methanol at room temperature. The orange crystalline precipitate is used for X-ray crystallography and measuring Fourier transform (FTIR), 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP, MPWB1K and B3PW91 levels of theory is used to optimize the geometry and calculate the FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of the compound. The vibrational frequencies determined experimentally are compared with those obtained theoretically and a vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of the compound is performed. We found that the MPWB1K method predicts low vibrational frequencies better than the commonly used B3LYP method. Although the B3PW91 method overestimates the 1H NMR chemical shifts, the values computed at the B3LYP level of theory are in accordance with experimental 1H NMR spectrum. However, both B3LYP and B3PW91 methods tend to overestimate 13C NMR chemical shifts. In addition, a few quantum descriptors of the molecule are calculated and conformational analysis is performed and the result was compared with crystallographic data.

Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activities and carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor effects of new arylsulfonylhydrazone and their Ni(II), Co(II) complexes

Ethane sulfonic acide hydrazide (esh: CH(3)CH(2)SO(2)NHNH(2)) derivatives as 5-methylsalicyl-aldehydeethanesulfonylhydrazone (5msalesh), 5-methyl-2-hydroxyacetophenoneethane sulfonylhydrazone (5mafesh) and their Ni(II), Co(II) complexes have been synthesized for the first time. The structure of these compounds has been investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, LC/MS, UV-vis spectrophotometric method, magnetic susceptibility, thermal studies and conductivity measurements. The antibacterial activities of synthesized compounds were studied against Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus magaterium and Gram negative bacteria; Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli by using the microdilution broth method. The biological activity screening showed that ligands have more activity than complexes against the tested bacteria. The inhibition activities of these compounds on carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) have been investigated by comparing IC(50) and K(i) values and it has been found that 5msalesh and its complexes have more enzyme inhibition efficiency than other compounds.