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Pęgier M, Kilian K, Pyrzynska K. Increasing Reaction Rates of Water-Soluble Porphyrins for 64Cu Radiopharmaceutical Labeling. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052350. [PMID: 36903596 PMCID: PMC10005645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Searching for new compounds and synthetic routes for medical applications is a great challenge for modern chemistry. Porphyrins, natural macrocycles able to tightly bind metal ions, can serve as complexing and delivering agents in nuclear medicine diagnostic imaging utilizing radioactive nuclides of copper with particular emphasis on 64Cu. This nuclide can, due to multiple decay modes, serve also as a therapeutic agent. As the complexation reaction of porphyrins suffers from relatively poor kinetics, the aim of this study was to optimize the reaction of copper ions with various water-soluble porphyrins in terms of time and chemical conditions, that would meet pharmaceutical requirements and to develop a method that can be applied for various water-soluble porphyrins. In the first method, reactions were conducted in a presence of a reducing agent (ascorbic acid). Optimal conditions, in which the reaction time was 1 min, comprised borate buffer at pH 9 with a 10-fold excess of ascorbic acid over Cu2+. The second approach involved a microwave-assisted synthesis at 140 °C for 1-2 min. The proposed method with ascorbic acid was applied for radiolabeling of porphyrin with 64Cu. The complex was then subjected to a purification procedure and the final product was identified using high-performance liquid chromatography with radiometric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pęgier
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Krzysztof Kilian
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5A, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pyrzynska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Garapati C, HS. Boddu S, Jacob S, Ranch KM, Patel C, Jayachandra Babu R, Tiwari AK, Yasin H. Photodynamic Therapy: A Special Emphasis on Nanocarrier-mediated Delivery of Photosensitizers in Antimicrobial Therapy. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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3
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Comuzzi C, Marino M, Poletti D, Boaro M, Strazzolini P. New antimicrobial PVC composites. Porphyrins self-aggregation in tuning surface morphologies and photodynamic inactivation towards sustainable water disinfection. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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A physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization of novel erlotinib conjugates with platinum nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Porphyrins as Chelating Agents for Molecular Imaging in Nuclear Medicine. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103311. [PMID: 35630788 PMCID: PMC9148099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyrin ligands, showing a significant affinity for cancer cells, also have the ability to chelate metallic radioisotopes to form potential diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. They can be applied in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) to evaluate metabolic changes in the human body for tumor diagnostics. The aim of this paper is to present a short overview of the main metallic radionuclides complexed by porphyrin ligands and used in these techniques. These chelation reactions are discussed in terms of the complexation conditions and kinetics and the complex stability.
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6
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Awad M, Thomas N, Barnes TJ, Prestidge CA. Nanomaterials enabling clinical translation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Control Release 2022; 346:300-316. [PMID: 35483636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising approach to aid the fight against looming antibiotic resistance. aPDT harnesses the energy of light through photosenstizers to generate highly reactive oxygen species that can inactivate bacteria and fungi with no resistance. To date aPDT has shown great efficacy against microbes causing localized infections in the skin and the oral cavity. However, its wide application in clinical settings has been limited due to both physicochemical and biological challenges. Over the past decade nanomaterials have contributed to promoting photosensitizer performance and aPDT efficiency, yet further developments are required to establish accredited treatment options. In this review we discuss the challenges facing the clinical application of aPDT and the opportunities that nanotechnology may offer to promote the safety and efficiency of aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Awad
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia; Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville 5011, Australia.
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Barnes
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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7
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Enhancement of photodynamic antimicrobialtherapy through the use of cationic indium porphyrin conjugated to Ag/CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101736. [PMID: 32171876 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Marchetti M, De Bei O, Bettati S, Campanini B, Kovachka S, Gianquinto E, Spyrakis F, Ronda L. Iron Metabolism at the Interface between Host and Pathogen: From Nutritional Immunity to Antibacterial Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2145. [PMID: 32245010 PMCID: PMC7139808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional immunity is a form of innate immunity widespread in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The term refers to a rich repertoire of mechanisms set up by the host to inhibit bacterial proliferation by sequestering trace minerals (mainly iron, but also zinc and manganese). This strategy, selected by evolution, represents an effective front-line defense against pathogens and has thus inspired the exploitation of iron restriction in the development of innovative antimicrobials or enhancers of antimicrobial therapy. This review focuses on the mechanisms of nutritional immunity, the strategies adopted by opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus to circumvent it, and the impact of deletion mutants on the fitness, infectivity, and persistence inside the host. This information finally converges in an overview of the current development of inhibitors targeting the different stages of iron uptake, an as-yet unexploited target in the field of antistaphylococcal drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Marchetti
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Omar De Bei
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.D.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Stefano Bettati
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Campanini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (O.D.B.); (B.C.)
| | - Sandra Kovachka
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (S.K.); (E.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Luca Ronda
- Interdepartmental Center Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Acetophenone substituted phthalocyanines and their graphene quantum dots conjugates as photosensitizers for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy against Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Sindelo A, Nyokong T. Magnetic nanoparticle - indium phthalocyanine conjugate embedded in electrospun fiber for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy and photodegradation of methyl red. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02352. [PMID: 31485534 PMCID: PMC6716351 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ClIn(III) octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ClInOCPc) when alone or conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-ClInOCPc) was employed for both photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy of an unknown water sample and Staphylococcus aureus, and for photo-degradation of methyl red (MR). The singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) in water using ClInOCPc and MNP-ClInOCPc embedded in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun fibers were 0.36 and 0.22, respectively. When in solution, MNP-ClInOCPc gave 90.6% photoinactivation of microbes in a water sample from the stream and of ClInOCPc resulted in 84.8 % photoinactivation. When embedded to the polymer, there was 48.0% clearance for ClInOCPc and 63.7% clearance for MNP-ClInOCPc for the microbes in the water sample from the stream. For the photo-degradation of MR, the rate of degradation increased with decrease of the MR concentration with the MNP-ClInOCPc having the fastest rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azole Sindelo
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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11
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Porphyrinoid photosensitizers mediated photodynamic inactivation against bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:72-106. [PMID: 31096157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multi-drug resistant bacteria have become a serious problem complicating therapies to such a degree that often the term "post-antibiotic era" is applied to describe the situation. The infections with methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, third generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, third generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa have become commonplace. Thus, the new strategies of infection treatment have been searched for, and one of the approaches is based on photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. Photodynamic protocols require the interaction of photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and light. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy by porphyrinoid photosensitizers. In the first part of the review information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and the mechanism of the bacteria resistance to the photodynamic technique were described. In the second one, it was described porphyrinoids photosensitizers like: porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines useable in photodynamic bacteria inactivation.
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12
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Gualdesi MS, Aiassa V, Vara J, Alvarez Igarzabal CI, Ortiz CS. Development and evaluation of novel nanophotosensitizers as photoantimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:303-309. [PMID: 30423712 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the present study was to synthetize polyacrylamide nanoparticles and to use them as photosensitizer carriers. The new monobrominated derivatives (monobrominated neutral red and monobrominated azure B) were the photosensitizers used for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. They were loaded into the nanocarriers and their antibacterial and oxidative activities were evaluated. The polyacrylamide nanoparticles were evaluated and prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization. The nanoparticles obtained were characterized by size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential analysis. The Dynamic Light Scattering indicated that the diameter of the particle (z-average) was optimal, with an acceptable polydispersity index. The antibacterial activity of the polyacrylamide nanoparticles loaded with photosensitizers was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus. Both photosensitizers loaded into the nanoparticles showed great potential as antibacterial agents since they suppressed the bacterial growth. The maximum percentage of growth reduction was 35.5% (>2 Log CFU/mL), with the monobrominated azure B loaded into the nanocarrier with 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate against methicillin resistant S. aureus. The improved physicochemical and photophysical properties of these photosensitizers were accompanied by a significant increase in the photoantimicrobial action, in conventional-sensitive and-methicillin resistant S. aureus. The results obtained clearly suggest that polyacrylamide nanoparticles loaded with photosensitizers have great potential for further application in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gualdesi
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - V Aiassa
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J Vara
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C I Alvarez Igarzabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IPQA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - C S Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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13
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Antimicrobial activity and safety applications of meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)platinum(II) porphyrin. Microb Pathog 2018; 128:47-54. [PMID: 30579946 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-platinated(II) porphyrin hexafluorophosphate compound (4-PtTPyPor) was synthetized and along 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-pyridyl)porphyrin (4-TPyPor), evaluated about the antimicrobial activity and safety. The effect was evaluated with and without light exposition. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed by microdilution and growth curve method. The assays showed an increase of antimicrobial potential caused by porphyrins with light exposition comparing the treatment without light irradiation. The biocompatibility was tested by MTT, ROS production, dsDNA on culture medium and hemolysis. All platinum porphyrin concentrations showed hemolytic activity under light exposition. The ROS measurement doesn't showed statistic difference between treatments and control. The picogreen assay demonstrates a reduction of dsDNA on culture medium with cells treated with porphyrins under light irradiation. The study demonstrated that the platinated porphyrins might be promising microbial photodynamic inactivation with potential applications in wastewater treatment, biofilm control and bioremediation.
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14
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Q Mesquita M, J Dias C, P M S Neves MG, Almeida A, F Faustino MA. Revisiting Current Photoactive Materials for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2018; 23:E2424. [PMID: 30248888 PMCID: PMC6222430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection is a severe concern, requiring the use of significant amounts of antimicrobials/biocides, not only in the hospital setting, but also in other environments. The increasing use of antimicrobial drugs and the rapid adaptability of microorganisms to these agents, have contributed to a sharp increase of antimicrobial resistance. It is obvious that the development of new strategies to combat planktonic and biofilm-embedded microorganisms is required. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is being recognized as an effective method to inactivate a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including those resistant to conventional antimicrobials. In the last few years, the development and biological assessment of new photosensitizers for PDI were accompanied by their immobilization in different supports having in mind the extension of the photodynamic principle to new applications, such as the disinfection of blood, water, and surfaces. In this review, we intended to cover a significant amount of recent work considering a diversity of photosensitizers and supports to achieve an effective photoinactivation. Special attention is devoted to the chemistry behind the preparation of the photomaterials by recurring to extensive examples, illustrating the design strategies. Additionally, we highlighted the biological challenges of each formulation expecting that the compiled information could motivate the development of other effective photoactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Q Mesquita
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Gold K, Slay B, Knackstedt M, Gaharwar AK. Antimicrobial Activity of Metal and Metal‐Oxide Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karli Gold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Buford Slay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Mark Knackstedt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Center for Remote Health and Technology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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16
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Feng Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Aslan H, Dong M. Photoactive antimicrobial nanomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:8631-8652. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials for killing pathogenic bacteria under light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Feng
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Hüsnü Aslan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- Universitas Arhusiensis
- Arhus 8200
- Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- Universitas Arhusiensis
- Arhus 8200
- Denmark
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17
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Balraj B, Senthilkumar N, Siva C, Krithikadevi R, Julie A, Potheher IV, Arulmozhi M. Synthesis and characterization of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using marine Streptomyces sp. with its investigations on anticancer and antibacterial activity. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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