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Dömötör O, Mathuber M, Kowol CR. In vitro biodistribution studies on clinically approved FGFR inhibitors ponatinib, nintedanib, erlotinib and the investigational inhibitor KP2692. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106651. [PMID: 38013124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Binding towards human serum albumin (HSA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) of three approved fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors ponatinib (PON), nintedanib (NIN) and erdafitinib (ERD), as well as the experimental drug KP2692 was studied by means of spectrofluorometric and UV-visible spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, proton dissociation processes, lipophilicity, and fluorescence properties of these four molecules were investigated in detail. The FGFR inhibitors were predominantly presented in their single protonated form (HL+) at pH 7.4 (at blood pH). At gastric pH (pH 1-2) the protonated forms (+1 - +3) are present, which provide relatively good aqueous solubility of the drugs. All of the four inhibitors are highly or extremely lipophilic at pH 7.4 (logD7.4 ≥ 2.7). At acidic pH 2.0 PON and ERD are rather lipophilic, NIN is amphiphilic, while KP2692 is highly hydrophilic. All four compounds bind to HSA and AGP. Moderate binding of PON, KP2692 and NIN was found towards albumin (logK' = 4.5-4.7), while their affinity for AGP was about one order of magnitude higher (logK' = 5.2-5.7). ERD shows a larger affinity for both proteins (logK'HSA ≈ 5.2, logK'AGP ≈ 7.0). The computed constants were used to model the distribution of the FGFR inhibitors in blood plasma under physiological and pathological (acute phase) conditions. The changing levels of the two proteins under pathological conditions compensate each other for PON and NIN, so that the free drug fractions do not change considerably. In the case of ERD the higher AGP levels distinctly reduce the free available fraction of the drug. Comparison with clinical pharmacokinetic data indicates that the here presented solution distribution studies can very well predict the conditions in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Marlene Mathuber
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Jiang SL, Hu ZY, Wang WJ, Hu L, Li L, Kou SB, Shi JH. Investigation on the binding behavior of human α1-acid glycoprotein with Janus Kinase inhibitor baricitinib: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular simulation methodologies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125096. [PMID: 37285878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Baricitinib is a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor that is primarily used to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis in adults and has recently been reported for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. This paper describes the investigation of the binding behavior of baricitinib to human α1-acid glycoprotein (HAG) employing a variety of spectroscopic techniques, molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Baricitinib can quench the fluorescence from amino acids in HAG through a mix of dynamic and static quenching, according to steady-state fluorescence and UV spectra observations, but it is mainly static quenching at low concentration. The binding constant (Kb) of baricitinib to HAG at 298 K was at the level of 104 M-1, indicating a moderate affinity of baricitinib to HAG. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions conducted the main effect, according to thermodynamic characteristics, competition studies between ANS and sucrose, and molecular dynamics simulations. For the change in HAG conformation, the results of multiple spectra showed that baricitinib was able to alter the secondary structure of HAG as well as increase the polarity of the microenvironment around the Trp amino acid. Furthermore, the binding behavior of baricitinib to HAG was investigated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which validated experimental results. Also explored is the influence of K+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and Cu2+plasma on binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Zhe-Ying Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wan-Jun Wang
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lu Hu
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutic Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Kou SB, Li L, Zhang RJ, Shi JH, Jiang SL. Elucidation of the interaction mechanism of olmutinib with human α-1 acid glycoprotein: insights from spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:525-537. [PMID: 34844510 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2009373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Olmutinib, the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is applied in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to elucidate the interaction mechanism of olmutinib with human α-1 acid glycoprotein (HAG), an important carrier protein, by mean of multi-spectroscopic and molecular simulation techniques. Fluorescence spectral results confirmed that the fluorescence of this carrier protein can be quenched by olmutinib in the static quenching mode, and this anticancer drug possesses a moderate binding affinity on HAG. The evidence from thermodynamic analysis, replacement interaction with ANS and sucrose, and computational simulation results showed that hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces involved the olmutinib-HAG complexation process. The results from UV-vis, 3D fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy proved that binding anticancer drug olmutinib caused the alteration in the microenvironment around Trp residues. And, circular dichroism spectral results provided the support for the conformational alterations in the carrier protein. The data also proved that olmutinib preferably bound to the hydrophobic cavity of HAG and the binding distance between the two was 2.21 nm. In addition, it can be found that the presence of some metal ions such as Zn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ would exert a certain extent effect on the olmutinib-HAG complexation process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Insights on the interaction mechanism of brigatinib to human α-1-acid glycoprotein: Experimental and computational approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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De D, Das CK, Mandal D, Mandal M, Pawar N, Chandra A, Gupta AN. Curcumin Complexed with Graphene Derivative for Breast Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6284-6296. [PMID: 35021759 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti De
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Nisha Pawar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Amreesh Chandra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Amar Nath Gupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Amir M, Qureshi MA, Javed S. Biomolecular interactions and binding dynamics of tyrosine kinase inhibitor erdafitinib, with human serum albumin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3934-3947. [PMID: 32448054 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1772880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Erdafitinib is an approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptor. It has been described as one of the potent anti-tumor drugs especially for the treatment of urothelial carcinoma. In this study, we have investigated the binding dynamics of erdafitinib with human serum albumin (HSA) using multiple spectroscopic techniques. The outcome of the results suggests the occurrence of static quenching during the interaction of HSA with erdafitinib which leads to the formation of non-fluorescent HSA-erdafitinib ground state complex. Formation of HSA-erdafitinib complex was also confirmed from the findings of absorption spectral analysis. The changes in microenvironment around hydrophobic domains (especially tryptophan and tyrosine) were deciphered from fluorescence spectroscopy which was further confirmed by synchronous spectral analysis. In order to gain insight into the binding site of erdafitinib in HSA, molecular docking combined with competitive displacement assay was performed. The modified form of Stern Volmer equation was used to estimate various binding parameters including number of binding sites. The findings are indicative of a single binding site (n = 1) with binding constant in the order of 104. The negative values of thermodynamic parameters like ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were suggestive of the binding reaction being spontaneous and exothermic, while the hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions being the major forces present between HSA and erdafitinib. Circular dichroism spectral analysis revealed the alterations in the conformation of HSA structure and reduction in its α-helical content.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Amir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Aamir Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Saleem Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Wang BL, Kou SB, Lin ZY, Shi JH. Insight into the binding behavior of ceritinib on human α-1 acid glycoprotein: Multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 232:118160. [PMID: 32113179 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ceritinib is a second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for mainly treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This investigation focused on to clarify in detail the binding behavior between human α-1 acid glycoprotein (HAG) and ceritinib by means of multi-spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches. Fluorescence data obtained at four different temperatures indicated ceritinib quenched the endogenous fluorescence of HAG by a static quenching mechanism. Based on the Kb value at 105 M-1 level, it can be inferred that the binding affinity between both is strong. From findings of thermodynamic parameter analysis, the competitive experiments with ANS and sucrose as well as molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, it can be inferred that hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces as well as electrostatic interactions exist in the binding interaction between ceritinib and HAG. The findings from UV absorption, circular dichroism, and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the change in the microenvironment around the protein structure, secondary structure and tryptophan residues occurred after interaction with ceritinib. The data from FRET analysis confirmed that the non-radiative energy transfer between the two existed and the binding distance between the acceptor (ceritinib) and donor (HAG) was 2.11 nm. Meantime, the influence of Ca2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ ions on the binding interaction of ceritinib with HAG were obvious, especially Zn2+ ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Li Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Mansouri A, Mousavi M, Attar F, Saboury AA, Falahati M. Interaction of manganese nanoparticle with cytochrome c: A multi-spectroscopic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 106:78-86. [PMID: 28818722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the conformational changes of cytochrome c (cyt c) upon interaction with manganese nanoparticle (Mn-NP) were examined using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy methods. DLS and TEM analysis exhibited the structure of Mn-NP was less than 50nm. FTIR bands were similar to those reported for Mn-NP. Zeta potential measurements showed positive charge distribution for Mn-NP (4.71±0.71mV) at pH 7.8. It was revealed that the mechanism of fluorescence quenching incorporated both dynamic and static quenching. Also, binding site and binding constant increased as the temperature is raised. The positive sign of ΔH° and ΔS° suggested that hydrophobic forces are indicative forces in the interaction between cyt c and Mn-NP. Synchronous fluorescence spectra revealed that the conformation of protein was not perturbed around tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr) residues. CD analysis suggested that there was a conformational change at tertiary structure levels of cyt c in the vicinity of phenylalanine (Phe) residues, while the secondary structure of protein was not altered. This study facilitates a deeper insight on the interaction mechanisms between NPs and biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anali Mansouri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Mousavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry & Agriculture, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran.
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Ajmal MR, Nusrat S, Alam P, Zaidi N, Khan MV, Zaman M, Shahein YE, Mahmoud MH, Badr G, Khan RH. Interaction of anticancer drug clofarabine with human serum albumin and human α-1 acid glycoprotein. Spectroscopic and molecular docking approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 135:106-115. [PMID: 28012306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The binding interaction between clofarabine, an important anticancer drug and two important carrier proteins found abundantly in human plasma, Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and α-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) was investigated by spectroscopic and molecular modeling methods. The results obtained from fluorescence quenching experiments demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of HSA and AAG is quenched by clofarabine and the static mode of fluorescence quenching is operative. UV-vis spectroscopy deciphered the formation of ground state complex between anticancer drug and the two studied proteins. Clofarabine was found to bind at 298K with both AAG and HSA with the binding constant of 8.128×103 and 4.120×103 for AAG and HSA, respectively. There is stronger interaction of clofarabine with AAG as compared to HSA. The Gibbs free energy change was found to be negative for the interaction of clofarabine with AAG and HSA indicating that the binding process is spontaneous. Binding of clofarabine with HSA and AAG induced ordered structures in both proteins and lead to molecular compaction. Clofarabine binds to HSA near to drug site II. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main bonding forces between HSA-clofarabine and AAG-clofarabine as revealed by docking results. This study suggests the importance of binding of anticancer drug to AAG spatially in the diseases like cancers where the plasma concentration of AAG increases many folds. Design of drug dosage can be adjusted accordingly to achieve optimal treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan Ajmal
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Saima Nusrat
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Parvez Alam
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nida Zaidi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohsin Vahid Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Masihuz Zaman
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Yasser E Shahein
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Food Science and Nutrition Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Abdelhameed AS, Attwa MW, Kadi AA. An LC-MS/MS method for rapid and sensitive high-throughput simultaneous determination of various protein kinase inhibitors in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Riyadh Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Riyadh Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; College of Pharmacy, King Saud University; Riyadh Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ajmal MR, Chaturvedi SK, Zaidi N, Alam P, Zaman M, Siddiqi MK, Nusrat S, Jamal MS, Mahmoud MH, Badr G, Khan RH. Biophysical insights into the interaction of hen egg white lysozyme with therapeutic dye clofazimine: modulation of activity and SDS induced aggregation of model protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:2197-2210. [PMID: 27400444 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1211552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study details the binding process of clofazimine to hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) using spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular docking techniques. Clofazimine binds to the protein with binding constant (Kb) in the order of 1.57 × 104 at 298 K. Binding process is spontaneous and exothermic. Molecular docking results suggested the involvement of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions in the binding process. Bacterial cell lytic activity in the presence of clofazimine increased to more than 40% of the value obtained with HEWL only. Interaction of the drug with HEWL induced ordered secondary structure in the protein and molecular compaction. Clofazimine also effectively inhibited the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) induced amyloid formation in HEWL and caused disaggregation of preformed fibrils, reinforcing the notion that there is involvement of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding in the binding process of clofazimine with HEWL and clofazimine destabilizes the mature fibrils. Further, TEM images confirmed that fibrillar species were absent in the samples where amyloid induction was performed in the presence of clofazimine. As clofazimine is a drug less explored for the inhibition of fibril formation of the proteins, this study reports the inhibition of SDS-induced amyloid formation of HEWL by clofazimine, which will help in the development of clofazimine-related molecules for the treatment of amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan Ajmal
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Sumit Kumar Chaturvedi
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Nida Zaidi
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Parvez Alam
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Masihuz Zaman
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | | | - Saima Nusrat
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
| | - Mohammad Sarwar Jamal
- b King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box: 80216, Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- c Deanship of Scientific Research , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,d Food Science and Nutrition Department , National Research Center , Dokki, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- e Faculty of Science, Zoology Department , Assiut University , Assiut 71516 , Egypt
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- a Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
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