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Tahghighi A, Azerang P. Click chemistry beyond metal-catalyzed cycloaddition as a remarkable tool for green chemical synthesis of antifungal medications. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14555. [PMID: 38862260 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Click chemistry is widely used for the efficient synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole, a well-known scaffold with widespread biological activity in the pharmaceutical sciences. In recent years, this magic ring has attracted the attention of scientists for its potential in designing and synthesizing new antifungal agents. Despite scientific and medical advances, fungal infections still account for more than 1.5 million deaths globally per year, especially in people with compromised immune function. This increasing trend is definitely related to a raise in the incidence of fungal infections and prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. In this condition, an urgent need for new alternative antifungals is undeniable. By focusing on the main aspects of reaction conditions in click chemistry, this review was conducted to classify antifungal 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole hybrids based on their chemical structures and introduce the most effective triazole antifungal derivatives. It was notable that in all reactions studied, Cu(I) catalysts generated in situ by the reduction in Cu(II) salts or used copper(I) salts directly, as well as mixed solvents of t-BuOH/H2O and DMF/H2O had most application in the synthesis of triazole ring. The most effective antifungal activity was also observed in fluconazole analogs containing 1,2,3-triazole moiety and benzo-fused five/six-membered heterocyclic conjugates with a 1,2,3-triazole ring, even with better activity than fluconazole. The findings of structure-activity relationship and molecular docking of antifungal derivatives synthesized with copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) could offer medicinal chemistry scientists valuable data on designing and synthesizing novel triazole antifungals with more potent biological activities in their future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Tahghighi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Azerang
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Rajaraman D, Anthony LA, Nethaji P, Vallangi R. One-pot synthesis, NMR, quantum chemical approach, molecular docking studies, drug-likeness and in-silico ADMET prediction of novel 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1 H-imidazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2023; 1273:134314. [PMID: 36277302 PMCID: PMC9576197 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections and hydroxyl chloroquine analogue, 1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-2-(furan-2-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (DDFDI) compound has been synthesized in one pot reaction. The novel compound DDFDI had been characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral techniques. The geometrical structure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) as the basis set. The smaller energy value provides the higher reactivity of DDFDI compound than hydroxyl chloroquine and was corrected by high electrophilic and low nucleophilic reactions. The stability and charge delocalization of the molecule were also considered by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The HOMO-LUMO energies describe the charge transfer which takes place within the molecule. Molecular electrostatic potential has also been analysed. Drug likeness and oral activity have been carried out based on Lipinski's rule of five. Molecular docking studies are implemented to analyse the binding energy of the DDFDI compound against Covid-19/6W41, COVID-19/6WCF, COVID-19/6Y84 and COVID-19/6W4B receptors and found to be considered as a better antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph University, Virgin Town, Dimapur, Nagaland 797 115, India,Corresponding author
| | - L. Athishu Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, St Joseph University, Virgin Town, Dimapur, Nagaland 797 115, India
| | - P. Nethaji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu 603 110, India
| | - Ravali Vallangi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Monirampore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700120, India
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3
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Click reaction inspired synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and in silico docking of some pyrrole-chalcone linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrids. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Kumar V, Lal K, Kumar A, Tittal RK, Singh MB, Singh P. Efficient synthesis, antimicrobial and molecular modelling studies of 3-sulfenylated oxindole linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrids. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Perike N, Edigi PK, Nirmala G, Thumma V, Bujji S, Naikal PS. Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Hybrid Molecules Containing Indole‐Thiazolidinedione‐Triazole Moieties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Perike
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Praveen Kumar Edigi
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Gurrapu Nirmala
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Vishnu Thumma
- Department of Sciences and Humanities Matrusri Engineering College Hyderabad Telangana 500059 India
| | - Sushmitha Bujji
- Department of Pharmacy University College of Technology Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Prameela Subhashini Naikal
- Department of Chemistry University College of Science Osmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
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Elganzory HH, Alminderej FM, El-Bayaa MN, Awad HM, Nossier ES, El-Sayed WA. Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking of New 1,2,3-Triazole-Based Glycosides Bearing 1,3,4-Thiadiazolyl, Indolyl and Arylacetamide Scaffolds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206960. [PMID: 36296551 PMCID: PMC9611297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New 1,3,4-thiadiazole thioglycosides linked to a substituted arylidine system were synthesized via heterocyclization via click 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The click strategy was used for the synthesis of new 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,3-triazole hybrid glycoside-based indolyl systems as novel hybrid molecules by reacting azide derivatives with the corresponding acetylated glycosyl terminal acetylenes. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds were studied against HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT assay. The results showed that the key thiadiazolethione compounds, the triazole glycosides linked to p-methoxyarylidine derivatives and the free hydroxyl glycoside had potent activity comparable to the reference drug, doxorubicin, against MCF-7 human cancer cells. Docking simulation studies were performed to check the binding patterns of the synthesized compounds. Enzyme inhibition assay studies were also conducted for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the results explained the activity of a number of derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein H. Elganzory
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (M.N.E.-B.)
| | - Mohamed N. El-Bayaa
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.M.A.); (M.N.E.-B.)
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Wael A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Priya MK, Jonathan DR, Muthu S, Shirmila DA, Hemalatha J, Usha G. Structural examination, theoretical calculations, and pharmaceutical scanning of a new tetralone based chalcone derivative. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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1,2,3-triazole derivative: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, molecular docking study and antibacterial-antileishmanial activities. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kochkar H, Nair AB. CDATA[Recent Advances in the Development of 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents and Inhibitors of Lanoster ol 14α-Demethylase. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:462-506. [PMID: 33319673 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621999201214232018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole, a five-membered heterocyclic nucleus, is widely recognized as a key chromophore of great value in medicinal chemistry for delivering compounds possessing innumerable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory activities. Mainly, in the past years, diverse conjugates carrying this biologically valuable core have been reported due to their attractive fungicidal potential and potent effects on various infective targets. Hence, hybridization of 1,2,3-triazole with other antimicrobial pharmacophores appears to be a judicious strategy to develop new effective anti-fungal candidates to combat the emergence of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant infectious diseases. Thus, the current review highlights the recent advances of this promising category of 1,2,3-triazole-containing hybrids incorporating diverse varieties of bioactive heterocycles such as conozole, coumarin, imidazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, chromene, pyrane, quinazoline, chalcone, isoflavone, carbohydrates, and amides. It underlies their inhibition behavior against a wide array of infectious fungal species during 2015-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafedh Kochkar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Karaca H, Delibaş NÇ, Sağlam S, Pişkin H, Sezer S, Hökelek T, Teker M. Metallophthalocyanines derived with phenyl sulfide by bridging triazole using click chemistry: Synthesis, Computational Study, Redox Chemistry and Catalytic Activity. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Nyaki HY, Mahmoodi NO. Synthesis and characterization of derivatives including thiazolidine-2,4-dione/1-H- imidazole and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of new synthetic heterocyclic compounds. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Adiguzel R, Türkan F, Yildiko Ü, Aras A, Evren E, Onkol T. Synthesis and in silico studies of Novel Ru(II) complexes of Schiff base derivatives of 3-[(4-amino-5-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)methyl]-2(3H)-benzoxazolone compounds as potent Glutathione S-transferase and Cholinesterases Inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Kaya ED, Türkhan A, Gür F, Gür B. A novel method for explaining the product inhibition mechanisms via molecular docking: inhibition studies for tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7926-7939. [PMID: 33779508 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1905069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the substrate (4-methyl catechol and catechol) specificity and inhibition mechanisms (l-ascorbic acid, citric acid, and l-cysteine) of the tyrosinase enzyme (TYR), which is held responsible for browning in foods and hyperpigmentation in the human skin, through kinetic and molecular docking studies. During the experimental studies, the diphenolase activities of TYR were determined, following which the inhibitory effects of the inhibitors upon the diphenolase activities of TYR. The inhibition types were determined as competitively for l-ascorbic acid and citric acid and noncompetitive for l-cysteine. The kinetic results showed that the substrate specificity was better for catechol while l-cysteine showed the best inhibition profile. As for the in silico studies, they also showed that catechol had a better affinity in line with the experimental results of this study, considering the interactions of the substrates with TYR's active site residues and their distance to CuB metal ion, which is an indicator of diphenolase activity. Besides, the inhibitory mechanisms of the inhibitor molecules were explained by the molecular modeling studies, considering the binding number of the inhibitors with the active site amino acid residues of TYR, the number and length of H bonds, negative binding energy values, and their distance to CuB metal ion. Based on our results, we suggest that the novel method used in this study to explain the inhibitory mechanism of l-cysteine may provide an affordable alternative to the expensive methods available for explaining the inhibitory mechanism of TYR and those of other enzymes. HighlightsThe best affinity for the tyrosinase enzyme occurred with catechol.l-Ascorbic acid, citric acid, l-cysteine inhibited the diphenolic activity of tyrosinase.In silico studies confirmed the best affinity shown by catechol.Product inhibition mechanism of l-cysteine explained by in silico for the first time.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Duygu Kaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Türkhan
- Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gür
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Services Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
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Soni JP, Joshi SV, Chemitikanti KS, Shankaraiah N. The Riveting Chemistry of Poly‐
aza
‐heterocycles Employing Microwave Technique: A Decade Review. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Krishna Sowjanya Chemitikanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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Siwach A, Verma PK. Synthesis and therapeutic potential of imidazole containing compounds. BMC Chem 2021; 15:12. [PMID: 33602331 PMCID: PMC7893931 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic moiety that possesses three carbon, two nitrogen, four hydrogen atoms, and two double bonds. It is also known as 1, 3-diazole. It contains two nitrogen atoms, in which one nitrogen bear a hydrogen atom, and the other is called pyrrole type nitrogen. The imidazole name was reported by Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (1857–1935) in 1887. 1, 3-diazole is an amphoteric in nature i.e. it shows both acidic and basic properties. It is a white or colorless solid that is highly soluble in water and other polar solvents. Due to the presence of a positive charge on either of two nitrogen atom, it shows two equivalent tautomeric forms. Imidazole was first named glyoxaline because the first synthesis has been made by glyoxal and ammonia. It is the basic core of some natural products such as histidine, purine, histamine and DNA based structures, etc. Among the different heterocyclic compounds, imidazole is better known due to its broad range of chemical and biological properties. Imidazole has become an important synthon in the development of new drugs. The derivatives of 1, 3-diazole show different biological activities such as antibacterial, antimycobacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, antipyretic, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-amoebic, antihelmintic, antifungal and ulcerogenic activities, etc. as reported in the literature. There are different examples of commercially available drugs in the market which contains 1, 3-diazole ring such as clemizole (antihistaminic agent), etonitazene (analgesic), enviroxime (antiviral), astemizole (antihistaminic agent), omeprazole, pantoprazole (antiulcer), thiabendazole (antihelmintic), nocodazole (antinematodal), metronidazole, nitroso-imidazole (bactericidal), megazol (trypanocidal), azathioprine (anti rheumatoid arthritis), dacarbazine (Hodgkin's disease), tinidazole, ornidazole (antiprotozoal and antibacterial), etc. This present review summarized some pharmacological activities and various kinds of synthetic routes for imidazole and their derived products. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Siwach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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Agar-entrapped sulfonated DABCO: Agelly acidic catalyst for the acceleration of one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoloquinazolinone and some pyrimidine derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021; 1226:129336. [PMID: 33012844 PMCID: PMC7518970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this project, a recently synthesized DABCO-based catalyst is entrapped in agar to reduce its moisture sensitivity leading to enhancement of its stability and catalytic activity. After preparation and identification this new reagent is used as an efficient and environmentally safe catalyst for the preparation of 1, 2, 4-triazoloquinazolinone and some pyrimidine derivatives. This method is accompanied with some superiorities such as, simple operation, mild and green conditions, use of low cost and non-hazardous natural material, short reaction times, easy preparation methods and simple work-up procedures. The prepared catalyst can be re-used for several times in all of the studied reactions without any appreciable loss in its activity.
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Design, synthesis, anticancer and antioxidant activities of amide linked 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Synthesis of novel 1,2,3 triazole derivatives and assessment of their potential cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferase enzymes inhibitory properties: An in vitro and in silico study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104606. [PMID: 33476865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives containing chalcone core (1-7) were synthesized. Obtained compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass studies. Characterized compounds (1-7) inhibitory effects were tested against the glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Their Ki values were in the range of 5.88-11.13 µM on AChE, 5.08-15.12 µM on BChE, and 9.82-13.22 µM on GST. Remarkable inhibitory effects were obtained against three tested metabolic enzymes. Also, binding scores of the best-inhibitors against AChE, BChE, and GST enzymes were detected as -9.969 kcal/mol, -10.672 kcal/mol, and -8.832 kcal/mol, respectively. Isoindoline-1,3-dione and benzothiophene moieties played a critical role in the inhibition of AChE and BChE enzymes, respectively. Phenylene and triazole moieties had the most important interactions for inhibition of the GST enzyme. Therefore, in vivo and in silico results indicated that these compounds can be considered in drug design processes for the treatment of some diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), leukemia, and some type of cancer.
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Kumar S, Sharma B, Mehra V, Kumar V. Recent accomplishments on the synthetic/biological facets of pharmacologically active 1H-1,2,3-triazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113069. [PMID: 33388593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The continuous demand of medicinally important scaffolds has prompted the synthetic chemists to identify simple and efficient routes for their synthesis. 1H-1,2,3-triazole, obtained by highly versatile, efficacious and selective "Click Reaction" has become a synthetic/medicinal chemist's favorite not only because of its ability to mimic different functional groups but also due to enhancement in the targeted biological activities. Triazole ring has also been shown to play a critical role in biomolecular mimetics, fragment-based drug design, and bioorthogonal methodologies. In addition, the availability of triazole containing drugs such as fluconazole, furacyclin, etizolam, voriconazole, triozolam etc. in market has underscored the potential of this biologically enriched core in expediting development of new scaffolds. The present review, therefore, is an attempt to highlight the recent synthetic/biological advancements in triazole derivatives that could facilitate the in-depth understanding of its role in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vishu Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, Amritsar, Punjab, 143001, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. An Updated Review on the Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Molecular Hybrids and Conjugates Bearing Imidazole Moiety. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215133. [PMID: 33158247 PMCID: PMC7663458 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of serious infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria, especially the nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens, has been acknowledged by Governments and scientists and is one of the world's major health problems. Various strategies have been and are currently investigated and developed to reduce and/or delay the bacterial resistance. One of these strategies regards the design and development of antimicrobial hybrids and conjugates. This unprecedented critical review, in which our continuing interest in the synthesis and evaluation of the bioactivity of imidazole derivatives is testified, aims to summarise and comment on the results obtained from the end of the 1900s until February 2020 in studies conducted by numerous international research groups on the synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial properties of imidazole-based molecular hybrids and conjugates in which the pharmacophoric constituents of these compounds are directly covalently linked or connected through a linker or spacer. In this review, significant attention was paid to summarise the strategies used to overcome the antibiotic resistance of pathogens whose infections are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. However, it does not include literature data on the synthesis and evaluation of the bioactivity of hybrids and conjugates in which an imidazole moiety is fused with a carbo- or heterocyclic subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (M.C.)
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Anti-Tubercular Properties of 4-Amino-5-(4-Fluoro-3- Phenoxyphenyl)-4 H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiol and Its Schiff Bases: Computational Input and Molecular Dynamics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090559. [PMID: 32878018 PMCID: PMC7560126 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, the parent compound 4-amino-5-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (1) and its Schiff bases 2, 3, and 4 were subjected to whole-cell anti-TB against H37Rv and multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) plate method. Test compound 1 exhibited promising anti-TB activity against H37Rv and MDR strains of MTB at 5.5 µg/mL and 11 µg/mL, respectively. An attempt to identify the suitable molecular target for compound 1 was performed using a set of triazole thiol cellular targets, including β-ketoacyl carrier protein synthase III (FABH), β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KasA), CYP121, dihydrofolate reductase, enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. MTB β-ketoacyl ACP synthase I (KasA) was identified as the cellular target for the promising anti-TB parent compound 1 via docking and molecular dynamics simulation. MM(GB/PB)SA binding free energy calculation revealed stronger binding of compound 1 compared with KasA standard inhibitor thiolactomycin (TLM). The inhibitory mechanism of test compound 1 involves the formation of hydrogen bonding with the catalytic histidine residues, and it also impedes access of fatty-acid substrates to the active site through interference with α5–α6 helix movement. Test compound 1-specific structural changes at the ALA274–ALA281 loop might be the contributing factor underlying the stronger anti-TB effect of compound 1 when compared with TLM, as it tends to adopt a closed conformation for the access of malonyl substrate to its binding site.
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Adardour M, Boutafda A, Hdoufane I, Aghraz A, Hafidi M, Zaballos-García E, Cherqaoui D, Baouid A. Efficient and simple synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazolyl-linked benzimidazolone, molecular docking and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1803913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adardour
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Aziz Boutafda
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment–MARK Herbarium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ismail Hdoufane
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Aghraz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection and Valorization of Plant Resources (URAC35 Association unit), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment–MARK Herbarium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
- Mohamed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Elena Zaballos-García
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Driss Cherqaoui
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdesselam Baouid
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, University of Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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24
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Henary M, Kananda C, Rotolo L, Savino B, Owens EA, Cravotto G. Benefits and applications of microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14170-14197. [PMID: 35498463 PMCID: PMC9051880 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen containing heterocycles are of immense research interest because they are often found as naturally occurring bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Henary
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
| | - Carl Kananda
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Laura Rotolo
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS – Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces
| | - Brian Savino
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Eric A. Owens
- Department of Chemistry
- Georgia State University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology and NIS – Centre for Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
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25
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Shubhangi, Paul AK. Getting insights of molecular interactions for potential drug candidates against S. aureus: Pharmacophore modeling, molecular screening and docking studies. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 94:107487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Kolluri PK, Gurrapu N, Edigi PK, N. J. P. S, Putta S, Singh SS. Design, synthesis of (
Z
)‐3‐benzyl‐5‐((1‐phenyl‐3‐(3‐((1‐ substituted phenyl‐1
H
‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methoxy)phenyl)‐1
H
‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione analogues as potential cytotoxic agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Kumar Kolluri
- Department of Chemistry, University College of ScienceOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500 007 India
| | - Nirmala Gurrapu
- Department of Chemistry, University College of ScienceOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500 007 India
| | - Praveen Kumar Edigi
- Department of Chemistry, University College of ScienceOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500 007 India
| | - Subhashini N. J. P.
- Department of Chemistry, University College of ScienceOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500 007 India
| | - Shravani Putta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of ScienceOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500 007 India
| | - Surya Satyanarayana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of ScienceOsmania University Hyderabad Telangana 500 007 India
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