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Burlov AS, Vlasenko VG, Milutka MS, Koshchienko YV, Lazarenko VA, Trigub AL, Kolodina AA, Zubenko AA, Braga EV, Gusev AN, Linert W. Zinc Complexes of Fluorosubstituted N-[2-(Phenyliminomethyl)phenyl]-4-methylbenzenesulfamides: Synthesis, Structure, Luminescent Properties, and Biological Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:438. [PMID: 38255606 PMCID: PMC10817688 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mono-, di-, and trifluorophenyl substituted in different positions of amine fragments bis [2-[[(E)-((fluorophenyl)iminomethyl]-N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)anilino]zinc(II) complexes were synthesized. Their crystal structure, photo- and electroluminescent properties, and protistocidal, fungistatic, and antibacterial activities were studied. It has been shown that the introduction of fluorine atoms and an increase in their number in the ligand structure of the resulting metal complexes promote the luminescence quantum yields and values of performance and brightness in EL cells compared to their previously studied chlorine-substituted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii S. Burlov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.S.B.); (M.S.M.); (Y.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Valery G. Vlasenko
- Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Maxim S. Milutka
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.S.B.); (M.S.M.); (Y.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Yurii V. Koshchienko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.S.B.); (M.S.M.); (Y.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir A. Lazarenko
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.L.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Alexander L. Trigub
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.L.); (A.L.T.)
| | - Alexandra A. Kolodina
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.S.B.); (M.S.M.); (Y.V.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Zubenko
- North-Caucasian Zonal Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre”, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Elena V. Braga
- General Chemistry Department, Crimean Federal University V.I. Vernadsky, 295007 Simferopol, Russia;
| | - Alexey N. Gusev
- General Chemistry Department, Crimean Federal University V.I. Vernadsky, 295007 Simferopol, Russia;
| | - Wolfgang Linert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria;
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2
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Kenawy ER, Ghazy AR, Rizk HF, Shendy S. Microwave-assisted of new derivatives of polyimine conjugated polymer based on Schiff base: synthesis, characterization, and photo-physical properties as a photoluminescent materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18686. [PMID: 37907586 PMCID: PMC10618287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46051-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The condensation of pyrrole-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (1) with 5-(2-amino-4-phenylthiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine (2) and/or 5-(4-Amino-phenyl)-4-phenylthiazol-2-amine (3) gave new poly(Z)-N-((5-(iminomethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-5-(2-((E)-(5-(iminomethyl)-I-pyrrol-2-yl)methyleneamino)-4-phenylthiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylthiaol-2-amine (P1) and/or poly(E)-N-((5-(iminomethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)-5-(4-((E)-(5-(iminomethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyleneamino)phenyl)-4-phenylthiaol-2-amine (P2) as a novel conjugated polymer by microwave irradiation and traditional heating.. It is evident that the microwave irradiation technique quickly raised the molecular weight of polyimines. In addition to quantifying the molecular weight of the resultant polyimines. All the polyimines were characterized using FTIR, XRD, H1NMR, TGA, and DSC. The optical characteristics of polyimine derivatives were investigated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The absorption spectra showed a main absorption band around 372 nm for polyimine (P1) and 381 nm for polyimine (P2). The optical energy was calculated and found to be 2.49 and 2.68 eV. The photoluminescence of the polyimine derivatives was measured and analyzed by spectrofluorometer and Laser photoluminescence experiment and the emission color was studied using CIE graphs. The fluorescence spectra showed an emission peak at 548 nm for polyimine (P1) with yellow green color in CIE graph, while for polyimine (P2) the emission band was located at 440.5 nm with blue color in CIE graph. Photoluminescence quantum yield PLQY was measured for the polyimine P1 and P2 in both liquid and Solid states and indicated the AIE behavior of the polyimines. TD-DFT simulations were applied to the polyimine derivatives where the structures were geometrically optimized and the spectroscopic characterizations were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Ghazy
- Laser Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Hala F Rizk
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - S Shendy
- Polymer Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Sessa L, Diana R, Gentile FS, Mazzaglia F, Panunzi B. AIEgen orthopalladated hybrid polymers for efficient inactivation of the total coliforms in urban wastewater. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15790. [PMID: 37737240 PMCID: PMC10516893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitorable AIE polymers with a bioactive pattern are employed in advanced biomedical applications such as functional coatings, theranostic probes, and implants. After the global COVID-19 pandemic, interest in developing surfaces with superior antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities dramatically increased. Many formulations for biocide surfaces are based on hybrid organic/inorganic materials. Palladium (II) complexes display relevant activity against common bacteria, even higher when compared to their uncoordinated ligands. This article reports the design and synthesis of two series of orthopalladated polymers obtained by grafting a cyclopalladated fragment on two different O, N chelating Schiff base polymers. Different grafting percentages were examined and compared for each organic polymer. The fluorescence emission in the solid state was explored on organic matrixes and grafted polymers. DFT analysis provided a rationale for the role of the coordination core. The antibacterial response of the two series of hybrid polymers was tested against the total coliform group of untreated urban wastewater, revealing excellent inactivation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sessa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosita Diana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Francesco Silvio Gentile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Mazzaglia
- C.R.A. S.R.L., Calle Giovanni Legrenzi, 2, 30171, Venice, VE, Italy
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA, Italy
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Rashamuse TJ, Mohlala RL, Coyanis EM, Magwa NP. A Review: Blue Fluorescent Zinc (II) Complexes for OLEDs-A Last Five-Year Recap. Molecules 2023; 28:5272. [PMID: 37446930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue emissions in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential for their application in solid-state lighting and full-colour flat panel displays. On the other hand, high-power blue emitters are still uncommon, especially those that can achieve the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE, X, Y) coordinates of (0.14, 0.08) in the National Television System Committee (NTSC) blue standard and have high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of more than 5% because their molecular design presents an enormous challenge. Therefore, creating effective, stable, pure, and deep blue fluorescent materials is vital. Here, it is addressed how useful blue fluorescent Zn (II) complexes are for making organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Utilizing Zn (II) complexes is appealing because of their favourable luminous characteristics, acceptance and mobility, and affordability. This mini-review article aims to provide an overview of Zn (II) complexes that emit blue fluorescent light and have been reported since 2018, while highlighting the unique qualities that make them appropriate OLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thompho Jason Rashamuse
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Reagan Lehlogonolo Mohlala
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Elena Mabel Coyanis
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Nomampondo Penelope Magwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
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Optical and Thermal Investigations of Eutectic Metallomesogen Mixtures Based on Salicylaldiaminates Metal Complexes with a Large Nematic Stability Range. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesomorphic behavior and the miscibility properties of binary mixtures of a new series of Schiff base metallomesogen (MOM) are evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis (CHNX), Fourier−transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to certify the molecular structure of the compounds. The results revealed that the studied mixtures are completely miscible throughout the composition field and exhibit a nematic phase which covered the whole composition range. In the mixtures, the stability of the nematic phase varies continuously, and it is possible to highlight the presence of a eutectic composition with a wide mesogenic stability range.
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Ureche D, Bulhac I, Shova S, Bourosh P. Novel Zn(II) Binuclear and Ni(II) 1D Polymeric Coordination Compounds Based on Dianilineglyoxime and Dicarboxylic Acids: Synthesis and Structure. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2022. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2022.954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two coordinating compounds of zinc(II) (1) [Zn2(DAnH2)2(1,3-bdc)2(DMSO)4] and nickel(II) (2) [Ni(DAnH2)(1,4-bdc)(DMF)2]n were obtained based on dianilineglyoxime (DAnH2), 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1,3-bdcH2) and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-bdcH2), where DMSO is dimethylsulfoxide and DMF is dimethylformamide. The molecular and crystalline structure of reported compounds were established by infrared spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction, and for 1, additionally, the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was used. According to data, the Zn(II) molecular complex is a binuclear and the Ni(II) is a 1D polymer compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumitru Ureche
- Institute of Chemistry, 3, Academiei str., Chisinau MD 2028, Republic of Moldova
| | - Ion Bulhac
- Institute of Chemistry, 3, Academiei str., Chisinau MD 2028, Republic of Moldova
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Institute of Chemistry, 3, Academiei str., Chisinau MD 2028, Republic of Moldova
| | - Paulina Bourosh
- Institute of Applied Physics, 5, Academei str., Chisinau MD 2028, Republic of Moldova
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7
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Zabihollahi Z, Bikas R, Hossaini-Sadr M, Kozakiewicz-Piekarz A, Soltani B. Tetranuclear Zn(II) complexes with ditopic picolinohydrazone ligands: Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic studies, and Hirschfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Diana R, Gentile FS, Carella A, Di Costanzo L, Panunzi B. Insights into Two Novel Orthopalladated Chromophores with Antimicrobial Activity against Escherichia coli. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186060. [PMID: 36144794 PMCID: PMC9504776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced chromophoric tools, besides being biologically active, need to meet the expectations of the technological demands including stability, colour retention, and proper solubility for their target. Many coordination compounds of conjugated ligands are antibacterial dyes, able to combine a strong dyeing performance with a useful biological activity. Specifically, palladium (II) complexes of Schiff base ligands are known for their relevant activity against common bacteria. In this article, we report the synthesis and comprehensive experimental and theoretical characterization of two novel Pd(II) chromophore complexes obtained from a cyclopalladated Schiff base as two different chelating azo dyes. The antibacterial response of these two novel complexes was tested against the ubiquitous Escherichia coli bacterium in an aqueous medium and revealed a noteworthy antimicrobial activity, higher than when compared with their uncoordinated biologically active ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Silvio Gentile
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Antonio Carella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Santiago PHO, Bessa MAS, Menezes RP, Martins CHG, Gatto CC. Zn(II) complexes with a new isoniazid ligand: synthesis, structural characterization and antimycobacterial activity. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2052283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H. O. Santiago
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Meliza A. S. Bessa
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Ralciane P. Menezes
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos H. G. Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG, Brazil
| | - Claudia C. Gatto
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Crystallography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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10
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Diana R, Caruso U, Di Costanzo L, Concilio S, Piotto S, Sessa L, Panunzi B. A Water Soluble 2-Phenyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Based Probe: Antimicrobial Activity and Colorimetric/Fluorescence pH Response. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061824. [PMID: 35335188 PMCID: PMC8952330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing demand of responsive tools for biological and biomedical applications pushes towards new low-cost probes easy to synthesize and versatile. Current optical probes are theranostic tools simultaneously responsive to biological parameters/analyte and therapeutically operating. Among the optical methods for pH monitoring, simple small organic molecules including multifunctional probes for simultaneous biological activity being highly desired by scientists and technicians. Here, we present a novel pH-responsive probe with a three-ring heteroaromatic pattern and a flexible cationic chain. The novel molecule shows real-time naked-eye colorimetric and fluorescence response in the slightly acidic pH range besides its excellent solubility both in the organic phase and in water. In addition, the small probe shows significant antibacterial activity, particularly against Escherichia coli. Single-crystal X-ray study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations rationalize the molecule spectroscopic response. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) elucidate the interactions between the probe and a model cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (L.D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Ugo Caruso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Strada Comunale Cinthia, 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (L.D.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Simona Concilio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Stefano Piotto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Lucia Sessa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (L.D.C.); (B.P.)
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Diana R, Caruso U, Gentile FS, Di Costanzo L, Panunzi B. A Novel L-Shaped Fluorescent Probe for AIE Sensing of Zinc (II) Ion by a DR/NIR Response. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237347. [PMID: 34885935 PMCID: PMC8658931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of optical sensors, small molecules responsive to metal cations are of current interest. Probes displaying aggregation-induced emission (AIE) can solve the problems due to the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) molecules, scarcely emissive as aggregates in aqueous media and in tissues. The addition of a metal cation to an AIE ligand dissolved in solution can cause a "turn-on" of the fluorescence emission. Half-cruciform-shaped molecules can be a winning strategy to build specific AIE probes. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel L-shaped fluorophore containing a benzofuran core condensed with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde crossed with a nitrobenzene moiety. The novel AIE probe produces a fast colorimetric and fluorescence response toward zinc (II) in both in neutral and basic conditions. Acting as a tridentate ligand, it produces a complex with enhanced and red-shifted emission in the DR/NIR spectral range. The AIE nature of both compounds was examined on the basis of X-ray crystallography and DFT analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Ugo Caruso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (U.C.); (F.S.G.)
| | - Francesco Silvio Gentile
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (U.C.); (F.S.G.)
| | - Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (L.D.C.)
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy; (R.D.); (L.D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-674-170
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Diana R, Caruso U, Panunzi B. Stimuli-Responsive Zinc (II) Coordination Polymers: A Novel Platform for Supramolecular Chromic Smart Tools. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3712. [PMID: 34771269 PMCID: PMC8588226 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique role of the zinc (II) cation prompted us to cut a cross-section of the large and complex topic of the stimuli-responsive coordination polymers (CPs). Due to its flexible coordination environment and geometries, easiness of coordination-decoordination equilibria, "optically innocent" ability to "clip" the ligands in emissive architectures, non-toxicity and sustainability, the zinc (II) cation is a good candidate for building supramolecular smart tools. The review summarizes the recent achievements of zinc-based CPs as stimuli-responsive materials able to provide a chromic response. An overview of the past five years has been organised, encompassing 1, 2 and 3D responsive zinc-based CPs; specifically zinc-based metallorganic frameworks and zinc-based nanosized polymeric probes. The most relevant examples were collected following a consequential and progressive approach, referring to the structure-responsiveness relationship, the sensing mechanisms, the analytes and/or parameters detected. Finally, applications of highly bioengineered Zn-CPs for advanced imaging technique have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ugo Caruso
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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13
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Diana R, Panunzi B. Zinc (II) and AIEgens: The "Clip Approach" for a Novel Fluorophore Family. A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:4176. [PMID: 34299451 PMCID: PMC8304007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) compounds display a photophysical phenomenon in which the aggregate state exhibits stronger emission than the isolated units. The common term of "AIEgens" was coined to describe compounds undergoing the AIE effect. Due to the recent interest in AIEgens, the search for novel hybrid organic-inorganic compounds with unique luminescence properties in the aggregate phase is a relevant goal. In this perspective, the abundant, inexpensive, and nontoxic d10 zinc cation offers unique opportunities for building AIE active fluorophores, sensing probes, and bioimaging tools. Considering the novelty of the topic, relevant examples collected in the last 5 years (2016-2021) through scientific production can be considered fully representative of the state-of-the-art. Starting from the simple phenomenological approach and considering different typological and chemical units and structures, we focused on zinc-based AIEgens offering synthetic novelty, research completeness, and relevant applications. A special section was devoted to Zn(II)-based AIEgens for living cell imaging as the novel technological frontier in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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14
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Diana R, Panunzi B. The Role of Zinc(II) Ion in Fluorescence Tuning of Tridentate Pincers: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214984. [PMID: 33126503 PMCID: PMC7662684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tridentate ligands are simple low-cost pincers, easy to synthetize, and able to guarantee stability to the derived complexes. On the other hand, due to its unique mix of structural and optical properties, zinc(II) ion is an excellent candidate to modulate the emission pattern as desired. The present work is an overview of selected articles about zinc(II) complexes showing a tuned fluorescence response with respect to their tridentate ligands. A classification of the tridentate pincers was carried out according to the binding donor atom groups, specifically nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur donor atoms, and depending on the structure obtained upon coordination. Fluorescence properties of the ligands and the related complexes were compared and discussed both in solution and in the solid state, keeping an eye on possible applications.
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15
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Hwang S, Ryu JY, Jung SH, Park HR, Lee J. Cobalt complexes containing salen-type pyridoxal ligand and DMSO for cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to propylene oxide. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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16
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Diana R, Panunzi B, De Simone B, Borbone F, Tuzi A, Caruso U. RGB emission of three charged O,N,O-chelate zinc (II) complexes in pyridine solution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brahma R, Baruah JB. Self-Assemblies of Zinc Complexes for Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen Precursors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3774-3785. [PMID: 32118194 PMCID: PMC7045797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Positional isomers of zinc-nitrobenzoate complexes possessing pyridine -3-(or-4-) carboxamide are used for a comparative theoretical and experimental study to understand their utility as model complexes to understand the role of metal-to-ligand charge transfer in aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Among the five different model zinc complexes, four of them are non-ionic, and one is an ionic complex. The frontier molecular energy levels of different combinations of the positional isomeric complexes and the absorption maximum were ascertained by density functional theory calculations. The PolyQ value obtained from solid samples of each complex is different. Shifts in the emissions to higher wavelengths than the expected emission for the S1 to S0 transition were observed due to aggregations. The highest value of PolyQ among the complexes was 13.56% observed for emission at 439 nm (λex = 350) of the non-ionic complex, namely, (di-aqua)bis(pyridine-3-carboxamide)di(2-nitrobenzoato)zinc(II) monohydrate. Close resemblance in emission lifetime decay profiles of the solid samples of those complexes and the respective solutions of those complexes in dimethyl sulfoxide with or without water showed a common trend, suggesting aggregation-induced emission in each case. Aggregation-induced emission caused by adding water in dimethyl sulfoxide solution of each complex showed an initial increase without a shift in the emission wavelength followed by a quenching with a shift of the respective emission peak to a short wavelength. Dynamic light scattering studies showed an increase in the average particle sizes upon an increase in the concentration of water. This indicated initial participation of water molecules to form aggregates with the complexes, favoring an increase in the AIE intensity. Aggregation of each complex changes with the concentration of water, and an increase in the concentration of water beyond a characteristic limit causes lowering of the emission intensity to the short wavelength.
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Abstract
A new 5-(4-((2-(benzothiazole-2-carbonyl)hydrazono)methyl)-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-N,N,N-trimethylpentan-1-aminium bromide (BTABr) fluorescent and colorimetric pH probe was easily synthesized by the condensation reaction of benzothiazole-2-carbohydrazide with 5-(4-formyl-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-N,N,N-trimethylpentan-1-aminium bromide. The benzothiazole moiety provided the emissive part of the molecule and the charged trimethyl amino group guaranteed outstanding solubility in water, for an organic molecule. pH titration experiments indicated that the probe is useful for monitoring acidic and alkaline solutions, turning reversibly in color/fluorescence just at a neutral pH value. Naked-eye colorimetric response was observed both in solution and in the solid state. In addition, the probe showed high stability and selectivity and large Stokes shifts. Because of these features, BTABr can potentially work as an on-off real-time pH sensor for intracellular pH imaging. The crystal structure of BTABr examined by single-crystal analysis showed a planar geometry of the molecule and confirmed the presence of a molecular stacking between molecules joined in a complex tridimensional hydrogen bonding pattern.
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Diana R, Panunzi B, Marrafino F, Piotto S, Caruso U. Novel Dicyano-Phenylenevinylene Fluorophores for Low-Doped Layers: A Highly Emissive Material for Red OLEDs. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1751. [PMID: 31731406 PMCID: PMC6918329 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two efficient deep red (DR)-emitting organic dicyano-phenylenevinylene derivatives with terminal withdrawing or donor groups were synthesized. The spectroscopic properties of the neat solids and the low-doped layers in polystyrene or polyvinylcarbazole host matrixes were analyzed, and the luminescence performance was explained using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. A noteworthy 89% fluorescence quantum yield was observed for the brightest red-emissive polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) blend. This result pushed us to successfully produce an emissive red organic light-emitting device (OLED) as a preliminary feasibility test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Diana
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Francesco Marrafino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefano Piotto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (F.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Ugo Caruso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Panunzi B, Diana R, Caruso U. A Highly Efficient White Luminescent Zinc (II) Based Metallopolymer by RGB Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1712. [PMID: 31635279 PMCID: PMC6835976 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three aryl-hydrazone O,N,O tridentate ligands with a different electron-withdrawing substituent were prepared. The introduction of a flexible charged chain in the ligands guaranteed solubility in many organic solvents and in water. The increasing withdrawing aptitude of the substituents red-shifted the emission in the correspondent metallopolymers. The metallated polymers were obtained by grafting ligand-zinc (II) coordination fragments onto commercial poly-(4-vinylpyridine). Metallopolymers thin films exhibited red, green and blue emission colors defined by Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates and medium to excellent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (PLQYs) comparable with other highly-performing active materials for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). By grafting a suitable mix of the three different coordination pendants, an efficient single-component white emissive metallopolymer with CIE (0.30, 0.31) was prepared. Thanks to the charged moiety, the polymers resulted miscible with an ionic liquid. The addition produced homogeneous polymeric layers with unaltered PL performances, potentially employable in Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells (LECs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Panunzi
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici NA, Italy.
| | - Rosita Diana
- Department of Agriculture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici NA, Italy.
| | - Ugo Caruso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
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