Structural inspection for novel Pd(II), VO(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III)- azomethine metal chelates: DNA interaction, biological screening and theoretical treatments

Preparation of a Novel Oat β-Glucan-Chromium(III) Complex and Its Hypoglycemic Effect and Mechanism

This study synthesized a novel oat β-glucan (OBG)-Cr(III) complex (OBG-Cr(III)) and explored its structure, inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and hypoglycemic activities and mechanism in vitro using an insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cell model. The Cr(III) content in the complex was found to be 10.87%. The molecular weight of OBG-Cr(III) was determined to be 7.736 × 104 Da with chromium ions binding to the hydroxyl groups of OBG. This binding resulted in the increased asymmetry and altered spatial conformation of the complex along with significant changes in morphology and crystallinity. Our findings demonstrated that OBG-Cr(III) exhibited inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Furthermore, OBG-Cr(III) enhanced the insulin sensitivity of IR-HepG2 cells, promoting glucose uptake and metabolism more efficiently than OBG alone. The underlying mechanism of its hypoglycemic effect involved the modulation of the c-Cbl/PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway, as revealed by Western blot analysis. This research not only broadened the applications of OBG but also positioned OBG-Cr(III) as a promising Cr(III) supplement with enhanced hypoglycemic benefits.

Probing analysis of Cu-doping on the structural, optical, morphological and magnetic properties of hematite nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity

The present study describes the synthesis of pure and Cu doped α-Fe2O3nanoparticles (with various concentrations of Copper 1, 3, 6, and 9 wt%) by conventional chemical precipitation technique and examines their structural, morphological, optical, magnetic, and antibacterial capabilities. The XRD pattern of pure and Cu-doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit rhombohedral structure and the estimated crystalline sizes were ranged from 39 to 58 nm. It is discovered that the estimated density dislocations linked to the agglomeration/cluster formations diminish when interstitial vacancies are filled with copper. The obtained bandgap from Tauc's plot, 2.07 eV of pure α-Fe2O3 is found to less than Cu doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (2.9-3.4 eV), due to the structural changes and the tailing of localised states into deep bandgap energy levels. The intense blue emission bands (410-490 nm) arised due to the movement of trapped electrons from the donor level to the valance band and broad green emission bands (522-560 nm) are due to deep level CuO defect to the Fe2O3. The fundamental stretching of Fe-O vibrations and the presence of Cu in prepared samples were identified in FTIR and Raman spectra. SEM micrograph shows the uniform distribution of spherical nanoparticles with size ranged from 39 to 61 nm, which is in good accord with XRD studies. Further, the magnetic characteristics of the pure and Cu-doped α-Fe2O3 samples were assessed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM); the ensuing hysteresis loop of the Cu-doped α-Fe2O3 displays weaker ferromagnetic behaviour. In the present investigations, the disc diffusion technique has been used to examine the antibacterial activity. Thus, the results of antibacterial activities demonstrated that at concentrations of 200 and 500 μg/ml of pure and Cu-doped α-Fe2O3 NPs, the highest zone of inhibition was found against gram (+ve) positive bacteria and was followed by the gram (-ve) negative bacteria's.

An Integrated Computational Approaches for Designing of Potential Piperidine based Inhibitors of Alzheimer Disease by Targeting Cholinesterase and Monoamine Oxidases Isoenzymes

The study aimed to evaluate the potential of piperidine-based 2H chromen-2-one derivatives against targeted enzymes, i.e., cholinesterase's and monoamine oxidase enzymes. The compounds were divided into three groups, i.e., 4a-m ((3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), 5a-e (3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methypipridin-3-yl)methoxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), and 7a-b (7-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)propoxy)-3,4-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives) with slight difference in the basic structure. The comprehensive computational investigations were conducted including density functional theories studies (DFTs), 2D-QSAR studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The QSAR equation revealed that the activity of selected chromen-2-one-based piperidine derivatives is being affected by the six descriptors, i.e., Nitrogens Count, SdssCcount, SssOE-Index, T-2-2-7, ChiV6chain, and SssCH2E-Index. These descriptor values were further used for the preparation of chromen-2-one based piperidine derivatives. Based on this, 83 new derivatives were created from 7 selected parent compounds. The QSAR model predicted their IC50 values, with compound 4 k and 4kk as the most potent multi-targeted derivative. Molecular docking results exhibited these compounds as the best inhibitors; however, 4kk exhibited greater activity than the parent compounds. The results were further validated by molecular dynamic simulation studies along with the suitable physicochemical properties. These results prove to be an essential guide for the further design and development of new piperidine based chromen-2-one derivatives having better activity against neurodegenerative disorder.

Visible light-driven photocatalysts, quantum chemical calculations, ADMET-SAR parameters, and DNA binding studies of nickel complex of sulfadiazine

A 3D-supramolecular nickel integrated Ni-SDZ complex was synthesized using sodium salt of sulfadiazine as the ligand and nickel(II) acetate as the metal salt using a condensation process and slow evaporation approach to growing the single crystal. The metal complex was characterized for its composition, functional groups, surface morphology as well as complex 3D structure, by resorting to various analytical techniques. The interacting surface and stability as well as reactivity of the complex were carried out using the DFT platform. From ADMET parameters, human Intestinal Absorbance data revealed that the compound has the potential to be well absorbed, and also Ni-SDZ complex cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, the complex's DNA binding affinity and in-vivo and in-vitro cytotoxic studies were explored utilizing UV-Vis absorbance titration, viscosity measurements, and S. pombe cells and brine shrimp lethality tests. In visible light radiation, the Ni-SDZ complex displayed exceptional photo-degradation characteristics of approximately 70.19% within 70 min against methylene blue (MB).

Thiophene-Derived Schiff Base Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Antimicrobial Properties, and Molecular Docking

Novel thiophene-derived Schiff base ligand DE, where DE is (E)-N¹,N¹-diethyl-N²-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)ethane-1,2-diamine, and the corresponding M(II) complexes, [M(DE)X₂] (M = Cu or Zn, X = Cl; M = Cd, X = Br), were prepared and structurally characterized. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the geometry around the center of the M(II) complexes, [Zn(DE)Cl₂] and [Cd(DE)Br₂], could be best described as a distorted tetrahedral. In vitro antimicrobial screening of DE and its corresponding M(II) complexes, [M(DE)X₂], was performed. The complexes were more potent and showed higher activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi Candida albicans, and protozoa Leishmania major compared to the ligand. Among the studied complexes, [Cd(DE)Br₂] exhibited the most promising antimicrobial activity against all the tested microbes compared to its analogs. These results were further supported by molecular docking studies. We believe that these complexes may significantly contribute to the efficient designing of metal-derived agents to treat microbial infections.

Recent Overview of Potent Antioxidant Activity of Coordination Compounds

During recent decades, the complexation of organic ligands toward several metal ions of s-p and d-block has been applied as a plan to enhance its antioxidant performance. Due to their wide range of beneficial impacts, coordination compounds are widely used in industries, specifically in the medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. The activity is generally improved by chelation consequently knowing that the characteristics of both ligands and metals can lead to the development of greatly active compounds. Chelation compounds are a substitute for using the traditional synthetic antioxidants, because metal chelates present benefits, including a variety in geometry, oxidation states, and coordination number, that assist and favor the redox methods associated with antioxidant action. As well as understanding the best studied anti-oxidative assets of these compounds, coordination compounds are involved in the free radical scavenging process and protecting human organisms from the opposing effects of these radicals. The antioxidant ability can be assessed by various interrelated systems. The methodological modification offers the most knowledge on the antioxidant property of metal chelates. Colorimetric techniques are the most used, though electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an alternative for metallic compounds, since color does not affect the results. Information about systems, with their benefits, and restrictions, permits a dependable valuation of the antioxidant performance of coordination compounds, as well as assisting application in various states wherever antioxidant drugs are required, such as in food protection, appropriate good-packaged foods, dietary supplements, and others. Because of the new exhaustive analysis of organic ligands, it has become a separate field of research in chemistry. The present investigation will be respected for providing a foundation for the antioxidant properties of organic ligands, future tests on organic ligands, and building high-quality antioxidative compounds.

Design, Synthesis, Spectroscopic Inspection, DFT and Molecular Docking Study of Metal Chelates Incorporating Azo Dye Ligand for Biological Evaluation

A new heterocyclic azo dye ligand (L) was synthesized by the combination of 4-amino antipyrine with 4-aminophenol. The new Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes were synthesized in excellent yields. The metal chelate structures were elucidated using elemental analyses, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, mass, magnetic moment, diffused reflectance spectral and thermal analysis (TG-DTG), and molar conductivity measurement. According to the FT-IR study, the azo dye ligand exhibited neutral tri-dentate behavior, binding to the metal ions with the azo N, carbonyl O, and protonated phenolic OH. The ¹H-NMR spectral study of the Zn(II) complex supported the coordination of the zo dye ligand without proton displacement of the phenolic OH. Diffused reflectance and magnetic moment studies revealed the octahedral geometry of the complexes, as well as their good electrolytic nature, excepting the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes, which were nonelectrolytes, as deduced from the molar conductivity study. The theoretical calculations of optimized HOMO-LUMO energies, geometrical parameters, electronic spectra, natural atomic charges, 3D-plots of MEP, and vibrational wavenumbers were computed and elucidated using LANL2DZ and 6-311G (d, p) basis sets of density functional theory (DFT) with the approach of B3LYP DFT and TD-DFT methods. The ligand and complexes have been assayed for their antimicrobial activity and compared with the standard drugs. Most of the complexes have manifested excellent antimicrobial activity against various microbial strains. A molecular docking investigation was also performed, to acquire more information about the binding mode and energy of the ligand and its metal complexes to the Escherichia coli receptor using molecular docking. Altogether, the newly created ligand and complexes showed positive antibacterial effects and are worth future study.

Moxifloxacin Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterisation, Antimicrobial and Antidiabetic Activities with Docking Studies

Six new metal complexes of Fe(III), Cu(II), and Hg(II) were synthesised, i.e., three (2, 4, and 5) with moxifloxacin (mono-ligand) and the other three (1, 3 and 6) with moxifloxacin and hydrazine (biligand). These were characterised through UV-Vis, FT-IR, elemental analysis (CHN), atomic absorption spectroscopy, TGA, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and powder XRD studies. Further, all of these compounds were screened for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic potential. The study revealed that the synthesised metal complexes possess an excellent ability to become antifungal agents compared to moxifloxacin. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of compounds 1, 3, and 4 was in the acceptable range with much better antidiabetic potential as compared to the ligand moxifloxacin. Interestingly, the α-amylase inhibition activity of complexes 1 and 3 was found very close to the standard drug acarbose. Furthermore, the computational studies also authenticate the results of the antidiabetic potential of complexes 1, 3, and 4 by presenting the necessary interactions of these compounds with their respective binding sites. The overall results indicate that the antifungal and antidiabetic ability of moxifloxacin is enhanced significantly by complexation with the given metals and the secondary ligand, thereby making it a suitable lead compound for yet another avenue of an antifungal and antidiabetic agent in the field of drug discovery and development.

Crystallization of Nano-Sized Macromolecules by the Example of Hexakis-[4-{(N-Allylimino)methyl}phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene

The synthesized compound was characterized by ³¹P, ¹³C, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. According to DSC data, the compound was initially crystalline, but the crystal structure was defective. The crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction study were prepared by slow precipitation of the compound from a solution by a vapor of another solvent. A study of the single crystal obtained in this way demonstrated that the phosphazene ring has a flattened chair conformation. It was found that the sphere circumscribed around the compound molecule has a diameter of 2.382 nm.

Spectrophotometric and fluorometric detection of DNA/BSA interaction, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant and catalytic activities of biologically active methoxy substituted pyrimidine-ligand capped copper nanoparticles

New Schiff base ligand (DPMN) was synthesized from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine which was confirmed by spectroscopic and analytical methods. Solid air stable copper nanoparticles (DPMN-CuNPs) were synthesized from its copper chloride salt and it is stabilized by the prepared Schiff base ligand by phase transfer assisted synthesis which is a modified Brust-Schiffrin technique. The formation of ligand stabilized copper nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Visible and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The size, surface morphology and quality of DPMN-CuNPs were analyzed by SEM and TEM techniques. Antioxidant activities of DPMN and DPMN-CuNPs with DPPH, SOD, peroxide and nitrous oxide were analyzed by electronic absorption spectroscopy. DNA interaction between DPMN and DPMN-CuNPs with CT-DNA was carried out using electronic absorption, fluorescence, viscometric measurements and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Interaction between BSA and the synthesized compounds analyzed by electronic absorption spectroscopy, Antimicrobial studies confirmed that the synthesized DPMN-CuNPs possess significant biological activities than DPMN. Anticancer results suggest that prepared DPMN-CuNPs have significant anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines and least toxic effect against the normal (NHDF) cell line. Other than the positive response in biological evaluation, our DPMN-CuNPs possess good catalytic activity in methyl orange reduction, methylene blue degradation and nitro phenol reduction.

Anthranilamides with quinoline and β-carboline scaffolds: design, synthesis, and biological activity

In the present study, we report the design and synthesis of novel amide-type hybrid molecules based on anthranilic acid and quinoline or β-carboline heterocyclic scaffolds. Three types of biological screenings were performed: (i) in vitro antiproliferative screening against a panel of solid tumor and leukemia cell lines, (ii) antiviral screening against several RNA viruses, and (iii) anti-quorum sensing screening using gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum as the reporter strain. Antiproliferative screening revealed a high activity of several compounds. Anthranilamides 12 and 13 with chloroquine core and halogenated anthranilic acid were the most active agents toward diverse cancer cell lines such as glioblastoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung carcinoma, acute lymphoblastic, acute myeloid, chronic myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but also against noncancerous cell lines. Boc-protected analogs 2 and 3 showed moderate activities against the tested cancer cells without toxic effects against noncancerous cells. A nonhalogenated quinoline derivative 10 with N-benzylanthranilic acid residue was equally active as 12 and 13 and selective toward tumor cells. Chloroquine and quinoline anthranilamides 10-13 exerted pronounced antiviral effect against human coronaviruses 229E and OC43, whereas 12 and 13 against coronavirus OC43 (EC₅₀ values in low micromolar range; selectivity indices from 4.6 to > 10.4). Anthranilamides 14 and 16 with PQ core inhibited HIV-1 with EC₅₀ values of 9.3 and 14.1 µM, respectively. Compound 13 displayed significant anti-quorum/biofilm effect against the quorum sensing reporter strain (IC₅₀ of 3.7 μM) with no apparent bactericidal effect.

Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes of tridentate ligands with selective toxicity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans

Novel Pd(ii) and Pt(ii) complexes of the tridentate 2,6-bis(1-ethyl-benzimidazol-2'-yl)pyridine (LBZ), and 4'-(2-pyridyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (LPY) ligands were synthesized, characterized using a variety of analytical and spectroscopic tools, and screened for their potential antimicrobial properties against some bacterial and fungal strains as well as cytotoxicity against healthy human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. The electronic structures of the complexes were investigated by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The free ligand LPY and benzimidazole complexes exhibited selective toxicity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, while displaying no cytotoxicity against HEK293. In the case of Cryptococcus neoformans, the antifungal activities of the benzimidazole-based complexes (MIC = 1.58-2.62 μM) are higher than those of the reference drug fluconazole (26.1 μM).

Transition metal complexes of triazole-based bioactive ligands: synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial, anticancer and molecular docking studies

In the present research work, four new heterocyclic Schiff base ligands (1–4) were synthesized by the condensation of 4-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenol with salicylaldehyde derivatives in 1:1 molar ratio. The synthesized Schiff base ligands were allowed for complexation with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) metal ions. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds (1–20) was elucidated with the help of various spectral and physicochemical techniques. Spectroscopic data confirm the tridentate nature of ligands which coordinate to the metal via deprotonated oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thiol sulphur. Conductivity data showed the non-electrolytic nature of complexes. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic bacterial strains and two pathogenic fungal strains. The observed results of microbial activity reveals that compound 3 and its complexes (13–16) were found most potent against the pathogenic strains. In addition, the anticancer activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against human carcinoma cell lines i.e. HCT-116, DU145 and A549 using MTT assay. Among the tested compounds 12, 19, and 20 were found to show promising potency against the cancer cell lines. To rationalize the preferred modes of interaction of most potent compounds with the active site of human EGFR protein (PDB id: 5XGM), molecular docking studies were performed.