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Ghadyani F, Sharif S, Morovvati S. Evaluation of mtDNA common deletion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Indian J Cancer 2024; 61:363-367. [PMID: 39044636 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_324_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial defects are thought to play a role in cancer initiation and progression for a long time. Because of the absence of protective histones and an inefficiency in the DNA repair process, mitochondrial DNA is known to be prone to mutations. The deletion of 4977bp is one of the most common mutations in human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 4977bp common deletion and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Disease (SCC) to provide prognostic information. METHODS By using a PCR protocol, this study identified the 4977bp deletion of mtDNA. A PCR method was used on tumor samples from 41 squamous cell carcinoma patients and blood samples from 50 healthy individuals to detect DNA. RESULTS Among the 41 tumor samples (80.5%), 33 were found to have the 4977bp deletion, while none of the blood samples from healthy individuals contained it. CONCLUSIONS It is shown that the deletion of 4977bp of mtDNA correlates significantly with SCC in this study. A 4977bp deletion could be used as an effective cancer screening indicator and biomarker for early diagnosis and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghadyani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular, Faculty of Biology Sciences, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Sharif
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Morovvati
- School of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to ethidium bromide: The protective role of Spirulina platensis. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Ciesielska EJ, Kim S, Bisimwa HGM, Grier C, Rahman MM, Young CKJ, Young MJ, Oliveira MT, Ciesielski GL. Remdesivir triphosphate blocks DNA synthesis and increases exonucleolysis by the replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Pol γ. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:147-158. [PMID: 34619353 PMCID: PMC8595818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted the FDA to authorize a new nucleoside analogue, remdesivir, for emergency use in affected individuals. We examined the effects of its active metabolite, remdesivir triphosphate (RTP), on the activity of the replicative mitochondrial DNA polymerase, Pol γ. We found that while RTP is not incorporated by Pol γ into a nascent DNA strand, it remains associated with the enzyme impeding its synthetic activity and stimulating exonucleolysis. In spite of that, we found no evidence for deleterious effects of remdesivir treatment on the integrity of the mitochondrial genome in human cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Ciesielska
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | - Shalom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | | | - Cody Grier
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Carolyn K J Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Matthew J Young
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Marcos T Oliveira
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Grzegorz L Ciesielski
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, AL 36117, United States.
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4
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Malik S, Prasad S, Kishore S, Kumar A, Upadhyay V. A perspective review on impact and molecular mechanism of environmental carcinogens on human health. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:178-207. [PMID: 34672914 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1991715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all around the world. It is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells leading to severe health conditions and fatality if remains undiagnosed till later stages. Cancer can be caused due to mutation or sudden alterations by effect of certain external agents. Agents that can cause sudden alterations in the genetic content of an individual are known as mutagens. Mutations can lead to permanent changes in the genetic constituency of an individual and possibly lead to cancer. Mutagenic agents that possess the capacity to induce cancer in humans are called carcinogens. Carcinogens may be naturally present in the environment or generated by anthropogenic activities. However, with the progress in molecular techniques, genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis of a wide range of carcinogens have been elucidated. Present review aims to discuss different types of environmental carcinogens and their respective mechanisms responsible for inducing cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Mahe), Manipal, India
| | - Vineet Upadhyay
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India
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5
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Salah El-Din AED, Abdullah S, Sayed AEDH. Antioxidant capacity and DNA damage in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to Ethidium bromide: A protective role for Spirulina Platensis. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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6
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Mutagen-induced phytotoxicity in maize seed germination is dependent on ROS scavenging capacity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14078. [PMID: 30232360 PMCID: PMC6145914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) bind to nucleic acids and are thus considered as potential mutagens. In this study, the effects of EB and AO on the germination behaviours of white, yellow, red, and purple maize seeds were investigated. The results indicate that low concentrations of EB (50 μg mL−1) and AO (500 μg mL−1) promote germination, particularly for the white and yellow seeds. However, high concentrations of EB (0.5 mg mL−1) and AO (5 mg mL−1) significantly inhibit germination, with the level of inhibition decreasing in the following order: white > yellow > red > purple. In addition, EB and AO induce H2O2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of these mutagens on seed germination were partly reversed by dimethyl thiourea, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, while the effects were enhanced by treatment with H2O2 and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase. In addition, AO and EB profoundly increased NADPH oxidase activities in germinating seeds. The treatment of seeds with EB and AO did not affect the growth or drought tolerance of the resultant seedlings. The findings suggest that the mechanism of mutagen toxicity is related to the induction of ROS production.
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7
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Altaf AA, Hashmat U, Yousaf M, Lal B, Ullah S, Holder AA, Badshah A. Synthesis and characterization of azo-guanidine based alcoholic media naked eye DNA sensor. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160351. [PMID: 28018613 PMCID: PMC5180111 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA sensing always has an open meadow of curiosity for biotechnologists and other researchers. Recently, in this field, we have introduced an emerging class of molecules containing azo and guanidine functionalities. In this study, we have synthesized three new compounds (UA1, UA6 and UA7) for potential application in DNA sensing in alcoholic medium. The synthesized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-visible, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Their DNA sensing potential were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. The insight of interaction with DNA was further investigated by electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and hydrodynamic (viscosity) studies. The results showed that compounds have moderate DNA binding properties, with the binding constants range being 7.2 × 103, 2.4 × 103 and 0.2 × 103 M-1, for UA1, UA6 and UA7, respectively. Upon binding with DNA, there was a change in colour (a blue shift in the λmax value) which was observable with a naked eye. These results indicated the potential of synthesized compounds as DNA sensors with detection limit 1.8, 5.8 and 4.0 ng µl-1 for UA1, UA6 and UA7, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hashmat
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bhajan Lal
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Sukkur Institute of Business Administration, Sukkur, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Alvin A. Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old-Dominion University, Norfolk, USA
| | - Amin Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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8
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Sayas E, García-López F, Serrano R. Toxicity, mutagenicity and transport inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeof three popular DNA intercalating fluorescent dyes. Yeast 2015; 32:595-606. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enric Sayas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC; Valencia Spain
| | - Federico García-López
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC; Valencia Spain
| | - Ramón Serrano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-CSIC; Valencia Spain
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9
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Hollis ER, Ishiko N, Tolentino K, Doherty E, Rodriguez MJ, Calcutt NA, Zou Y. A novel and robust conditioning lesion induced by ethidium bromide. Exp Neurol 2014; 265:30-9. [PMID: 25541322 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the peripheral conditioning lesion remain unsolved. We show here that injection of a chemical demyelinating agent, ethidium bromide, into the sciatic nerve induces a similar set of regeneration-associated genes and promotes a 2.7-fold greater extent of sensory axon regeneration in the spinal cord than sciatic nerve crush. We found that more severe peripheral demyelination correlates with more severe functional and electrophysiological deficits, but more robust central regeneration. Ethidium bromide injection does not activate macrophages at the demyelinated sciatic nerve site, as observed after nerve crush, but briefly activates macrophages in the dorsal root ganglion. This study provides a new method for investigating the underlying mechanisms of the conditioning response and suggests that loss of the peripheral myelin may be a major signal to change the intrinsic growth state of adult sensory neurons and promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund R Hollis
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nao Ishiko
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kristine Tolentino
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Maria J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nigel A Calcutt
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yimin Zou
- Neurobiology Section, Biological Sciences Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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10
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Saeidnia S, Abdollahi M. Are other fluorescent tags used instead of ethidium bromide safer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:71. [PMID: 24355254 PMCID: PMC4028844 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is a well-known fluorescent tag usually applied in molecular biological techniques like agarose gel electrophoresis. The mechanism of action for such compounds is known, in which these compounds are able to bind to the kinetoplastid DNA and to alter their conformation to Z-DNA molecules that stop replication of kinetoplastid DNA leading to Trypanosoma death. Although the usual amounts used in laboratories are considered as below the level required to cause toxicity (LD50 in oral administration in rat is 1.5 g/Kg), the mentioned concentrations are high enough to involve in replication of mitochondrial DNA in some human cell lines. Regarding the points that EtBr is very stable in the environment and if degraded especially by use of bleaches that result in formation of mutagenic compounds, there is a big concern about its use. Although application of EtBr is going to be restricted and replaced with other tags such as SYBR® products, the safety of the new substituted compounds are still in doubt and except a few data, there is no essential evidence available to confirm that they are safer than EtBr. Further investigations are recommended to compare their relative biosafety hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran.
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11
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LUO YAN, HU YIDE, ZHANG MINGHUI, XIAO YU, SONG ZONGCHANG, XU YU. EtBr-induced selective degradation of mitochondria occurs via autophagy. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:1201-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Jamil M, Altaf AA, Badshah A, Ahmad I, Zubair M, Kemal S, Ali MI. Naked Eye DNA detection: synthesis, characterization and DNA binding studies of a novel azo-guanidine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 105:165-170. [PMID: 23299023 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of azo-guanidine compounds is introduced in this article. The novel compound 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(phenylamino)-3-(phenylimino)guanidine (AG) was synthesized and well characterized by using different analytical instrumental techniques like elemental analysis, FTIR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The new compound was found interacting with DNA and shows clear color change in the solution. The AG-DNA complex was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrostatic mode of interaction, clear color change and moderate binding constant (K(b)=10(4)) indicate its potential use as DNA staining agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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13
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Ooplast-mediated developmental rescue of bovine oocytes exposed to ethidium bromide. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 22:172-83. [PMID: 21196133 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ooplasm transfer has been used successfully to treat infertility in women with ooplasmic insufficiency and has culminated in the birth of healthy babies. To investigate whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a factor in ooplasmic insufficiency, bovine oocytes were exposed to ethidium bromide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription, during in-vitro maturation (IVM). Exposure of immature oocytes to ethidium bromide for 24h during IVM hampered meiotic resumption and the migration of cortical granules. However, a briefer treatment with ethidium bromide during the last 4h of IVM led to partial arrest of preimplantation development without affecting oocyte maturation. Ooplasm transfer was then performed to rescue the oocytes with impaired development. In spite of this developmental hindrance, transfer of normal ooplasm into ethidium bromide-treated oocytes resulted in a complete rescue of embryonic development and the birth of heteroplasmic calves. Although this study unable to determine whether developmental rescue occurred exclusively through introduction of unaffected mitochondria into ethidium bromide-damaged oocytes, e.g. ethidium bromide may also affect other ooplasm components, these results clearly demonstrate that ooplasm transfer can completely rescue developmentally compromised oocytes, supporting the potential use of ooplasm transfer in therapeutic applications.
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Ashley N, Poulton J. Anticancer DNA intercalators cause p53-dependent mitochondrial DNA nucleoid re-modelling. Oncogene 2009; 28:3880-91. [PMID: 19684617 PMCID: PMC4548715 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin (DXR), intercalate into nuclear DNA of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their growth. However, it is not well understood how such drugs interact with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Using cell and molecular studies of cultured cells, we show that DXR and other DNA intercalators, such as ethidium bromide, can rapidly intercalate into mtDNA within living cells, causing aggregation of mtDNA nucleoids and altering the distribution of nucleoid proteins. Remodelled nucleoids excluded DXR and maintained mtDNA synthesis, whereas non-remodelled nucleoids became heavily intercalated with DXR, which inhibited their replication, thus leading to mtDNA depletion. Remodelling was accompanied by extensive mitochondrial elongation or interconnection, and was suppressed in cells lacking mitofusin 1 and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), the key proteins for mitochondrial fusion. In contrast, remodelling was significantly increased by p53 or ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibition (ATM), indicating a link between nucleoid dynamics and the genomic DNA damage response. Collectively, our results show that DNA intercalators can trigger a common mitochondrial response, which likely contributes to the marked clinical toxicity associated with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ashley
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Partridge MA, Huang SXL, Hernandez-Rosa E, Davidson MM, Hei TK. Arsenic induced mitochondrial DNA damage and altered mitochondrial oxidative function: implications for genotoxic mechanisms in mammalian cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:5239-47. [PMID: 17545603 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a well-established human carcinogen that is chronically consumed in drinking water by millions of people worldwide. Recent evidence has suggested that arsenic is a genotoxic carcinogen. Furthermore, we have shown that mitochondria mediate the mutagenic effects of arsenic in mammalian cells, as arsenic did not induce nuclear mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-depleted cells. Using the human-hamster hybrid A(L) cells, we show here that arsenic alters mitochondrial function by decreasing cytochrome c oxidase function and oxygen consumption but increasing citrate synthase function. These alterations correlated with depletion in mtDNA copy number and increase in large heteroplasmic mtDNA deletions. In addition, mtDNA isolated periodically from cultures treated continuously with arsenic did not consistently display the same deletion pattern, indicating that the mitochondrial genome was subjected to repeated and continuous damage. These data support the theory that the mitochondria, and particularly mtDNA, are important targets of the mutagenic effects of arsenic in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Partridge
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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16
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von Wurmb-Schwark N, Ringleb A, Schwark T, Broese T, Weirich S, Schlaefke D, Wegener R, Oehmichen M. The effect of chronic alcohol consumption on mitochondrial DNA mutagenesis in human blood. Mutat Res 2007; 637:73-9. [PMID: 17767940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 4977bp deletion of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is known to accumulate with increasing age in post mitotic tissues. Recently, studies came out detecting this specific alteration also in fast replicating cells, e.g. in blood or skin tissue, often in correlation to specific diseases or -- specifically in skin -- external stressors such as UV radiation. In this study, we investigated mitochondrial mutagenesis in 69 patients with a chronic alcoholic disease and 46 age matched controls with a moderate drinking behavior. Two different fragments, specific for total and for deleted mtDNA (dmtDNA) were amplified in a duplex-PCR. A subsequent fragment analysis was performed and for relative quantification, the quotient of the peak areas of amplification products specific for deleted and total mtDNA was determined. Additionally, a real time PCR was performed to quantify mtDNA copy number. The relative amount of 4977bp deleted mtDNA in alcoholics was significantly increased compared to controls. On the other hand, no difference regarding the mtDNA/nuclear DNA ratio in both investigated groups was detected. Additionally, no age dependence could be found nor in alcoholics, neither in the control group. These findings indicate that mtDNA mutagenesis in blood can be influenced by stressors such as alcohol. Ethanol seems to be a significant factor to alter mitochondrial DNA in blood and might be an additional contributor for the cellular aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N von Wurmb-Schwark
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Mazzanti CM, Spanevello RM, Obregon A, Pereira LB, Streher CA, Ahmed M, Mazzanti A, Graça DL, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Ethidium bromide inhibits rat brain acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 162:121-7. [PMID: 16839531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethidium bromide (EtBr), a fluorescent dark red compound and stain for double-stranded DNA and RNA was used to study acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in vitro together with kinetic parameters of this enzyme in the striatum (ST), hippocampus (HP), cerebral cortex (CC) and cerebellum (CB) of adult rats. AChE activity in vitro in the ST, HP, CC and CB was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the presence of EtBr at concentrations of 0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 mM. For the analysis of the kinetic three concentrations of EtBr were tested (0.00625, 0.025 and 0.1 mM). An uncompetitive inhibition type was observed in the ST, HP and CC, whereas in the CB the inhibition type was mixed. These data indicate that EtBr should be considered a strong inhibitor of AChE activity demonstrating that there is an interaction between this compound and the cholinergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia M Mazzanti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcellos, 2600-Anexo 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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