1
|
Liu TT, Yin DT, Wang N, Li N, Dong G, Peng MF. Identifying and analyzing the key genes shared by papillary thyroid carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis using bioinformatics methods. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1140094. [PMID: 37324256 PMCID: PMC10266228 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1140094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a chronic autoimmune disease that poses a risk factor for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The present study aimed to identify the key genes shared by HT and PTC for advancing the current understanding of their shared pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms. Methods HT- and PTC-related datasets (GSE138198 and GSE33630, respectively) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Genes significantly related to the PTC phenotype were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between PTC and healthy samples from GSE33630, and between HT and normal samples from GSE138198. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Transcription factors and miRNAs regulating the common genes in PTC and HT were forecasted using the Harmonizome and miRWalk databases, respectively, and drugs targeting these genes were investigated using the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). The key genes in both GSE138198 and GSE33630 were further identified via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. The expression of key genes was verified in external validation set and clinical samples using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results In total, 690 and 1945 DEGs were associated with PTC and HT, respectively; of these, 56 were shared and exhibited excellent predictive accuracy in the GSE138198 and GSE33630 cohorts. Notably, four genes, Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B), Active BCR-related (ABR), alpha-1 antitrypsin (SERPINA1), and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 (LPAR5) were recognized as key genes shared by HT and PTC. Subsequently, EGR1 was identified as a common transcription factor regulating ABR, SERPINA1, and LPAR5 expression. These findings were confirmed using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusion Four (ADH1B, ABR, SERPINA1, and LPAR5) out of 56 common genes exhibited diagnostic potential in HT and PTC. Notably, this study, for the first time, defined the close relationship between ABR and HT/PTC progression. Overall, this study provides a basis for understanding the shared pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms of HT and PTC, which might help improve patient diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-ting Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-tao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Medicine Laboratory of Thyroid Cancer of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng-fan Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dhillon VS, Deo P, Bonassi S, Fenech M. Lymphocyte micronuclei frequencies in skin, haematological, prostate, colorectal and esophageal cancer cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108372. [PMID: 34083057 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assay has been widely used as a biomarker of DNA damage, chromosomal instability, cancer risk and accelerated aging in many epidemiological studies. In this narrative review and meta-analysis we assessed the association between lymphocyte micronuclei (MNi) and cancers of the skin, blood, digestive tract, and prostate. The review identified nineteen studies with 717 disease subjects and 782 controls. Significant increases in MRi for MNi were observed in the following groups: subjects with blood cancer (MRi = 3.98; 95 % CI: 1.98-7.99; p = 0.000) and colorectal cancer (excluding IBD) (MRi = 2.69; 95 % CI: 1.82-3.98, p < 0.000). The results of this review suggest that lymphocyte MNi are a biomarker of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in people with haematological or colorectal cancers. However, the MRi for lymphocyte MNi in subjects with cancers of skin, prostate, esophagus was not significantly increased. More case-control and prospective studies are warranted to further verify the observed trends and to better understand the role of lymphocyte MNi as a biomarker of cancer risk in blood, skin, digestive tract and prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy; Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oliveira de Araújo Melo C, Cidália Vieira T, Duarte Gigonzac MA, Soares Fortes J, Moreira Duarte SS, da Cruz AD, Silva DDME. Evaluation of polymorphisms in repair and detoxification genes in alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers using capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:254-258. [PMID: 31886888 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes about 3.3 million deaths around the world each year. It is the primary risk factor for the global burden of diseases in American countries. Long-term abuse of alcohol induces numerous molecular and biochemical changes in tissues exposed to alcohol. The toxic effects of alcohol are mediated by DNA damage through various mechanisms, such as induction of oxidative damage, DNA adducts, crosslinks, and DNA strand breaks. The main aim of the current study was to compare the frequency of SNP polymorphisms in XRCC1 (rs7997782) and GSTP1 (rs1695) genes involved in DNA repair of single strand breaks (SSB) and xenobiotic detoxification between alcohol addicts and a control group comprised of non-drinkers. Genetic polymorphisms were identified following allelic specific PCR designed to generate the amplicons containing the variants. Then amplicons were sequenced, and sequences were aligned against the human genome reference deposited in GenBank using the CLC Sequence Viewer software (version 7.6.1). The GG homozygotes in rs1695 (GSTP1) were significantly (p = 0.023) 3.8x more frequent among those with AUD when compared to the control group. No SNP variation was observed in rs7997782 (XRCC1). rs1695 variant has been associated with susceptibility to various diseases, including those related to alcohol consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Oliveira de Araújo Melo
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics/Replicon Research Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thaís Cidália Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics/Replicon Research Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Goiás State Health Secretary, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Goiás State University - Campus Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marc Alexandre Duarte Gigonzac
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics/Replicon Research Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Goiás State Health Secretary, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Goiás State University - Campus Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Soares Fortes
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics/Replicon Research Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Sara Moreira Duarte
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics/Replicon Research Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Genetics/Replicon Research Center, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Goiás State Health Secretary, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gajski G, Gerić M, Oreščanin V, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay parameters in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population: Contribution of age, sex, seasonal variations and lifestyle factors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:561-570. [PMID: 29127818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) assay was used to evaluate the baseline frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population (average age, 38.28 ± 12.83 years) in relation to age, sex, body mass index, seasonal variations (season of sampling, period of sampling and different meteorological parameters) and lifestyle factors (smoking habit, alcohol consumption, exposure to medications and diagnostic radiation, physical activity, and family history of cancer). The background frequency of micronuclei (MNi) for the 200 subjects assayed was 5.06 ± 3.11 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 1.21 ± 1.46 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.48 ± 2.14. The background frequency of apoptosis and necrosis was 1.58 ± 1.50 and 1.39 ± 1.56, respectively, while the mean nuclear division index (NDI) was 1.99 ± 0.14. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 200 individual values, was 11 MNi, 4 NPBs and 7 NBUDs. The study also confirmed an association of the above mentioned parameters with age, sex and several lifestyle factors. Moreover, significant confounders based on our results are also sampling season, sampling period and different meteorological parameters that were dependent on the CBMN Cyt assay parameters. In line with the above mentioned, several factors should be taken into account when it comes to the monitoring of exposed populations using cytogenetic biomarkers. Moreover, the normal and cut-off values obtained in this study present background data for the general population, and can later serve as baseline values for further biomonitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shindyapina AV, Komarova TV, Sheshukova EV, Ershova NM, Tashlitsky VN, Kurkin AV, Yusupov IR, Mkrtchyan GV, Shagidulin MY, Dorokhov YL. The Antioxidant Cofactor Alpha-Lipoic Acid May Control Endogenous Formaldehyde Metabolism in Mammals. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:651. [PMID: 29249928 PMCID: PMC5717020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy human body contains small amounts of metabolic formaldehyde (FA) that mainly results from methanol oxidation by pectin methylesterase, which is active in a vegetable diet and in the gastrointestinal microbiome. With age, the ability to maintain a low level of FA decreases, which increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. It has been shown that 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid or alpha lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring dithiol and antioxidant cofactor of mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenases, increases glutathione (GSH) content and FA metabolism by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) thus manifests a therapeutic potential beyond its antioxidant property. We suggested that ALA can contribute to a decrease in the FA content of mammals by acting on ALDH2 expression. To test this assumption, we administered ALA in mice in order to examine the effect on FA metabolism and collected blood samples for the measurement of FA. Our data revealed that ALA efficiently eliminated FA in mice. Without affecting the specific activity of FA-metabolizing enzymes (ADH1, ALDH2, and ADH5), ALA increased the GSH content in the brain and up-regulated the expression of the FA-metabolizing ALDH2 gene in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, but did not impact its expression in the liver in vivo or in rat liver isolated from the rest of the body. After ALA administration in mice and in accordance with the increased content of brain ALDH2 mRNA, we detected increased ALDH2 activity in brain homogenates. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of ALA on patients with Alzheimer's disease may be associated with accelerated ALDH2-mediated FA detoxification and clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Shindyapina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Komarova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Sheshukova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia M Ershova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ildar R Yusupov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Murat Y Shagidulin
- Academician V. I. Schumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri L Dorokhov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry of Nucleoproteins, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lazalde-Ramos BP, Zamora-Pérez AL, Sosa-Macías M, Galaviz-Hernández C, Zúñiga-González GM. Micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in Mexico’s indigenous population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 59:532-539. [DOI: 10.21149/8318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
8
|
Milne E, Greenop KR, Ramankutty P, Miller M, de Klerk NH, Armstrong BK, Almond T, O'Callaghan NJ, Fenech M. Blood micronutrients and DNA damage in children. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Milne
- Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Kathryn R. Greenop
- Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Padmaja Ramankutty
- Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Margaret Miller
- Child Health Promotion Research Centre; Edith Cowan University; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Nicholas H. de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Bruce K. Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Research Assets Division, Sax Institute; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Theodora Almond
- Food and Nutrition Flagship; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Nathan J. O'Callaghan
- Food and Nutrition Flagship; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Food and Nutrition Flagship; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Adelaide South Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mørck TA, Loock KV, Poulsen MB, Siersma VD, Nielsen JKS, Hertel O, Kirsch-Volders M, Knudsen LE. Micronucleus frequency in Danish schoolchildren and their mothers from the DEMOCOPHES population. Mutagenesis 2015; 31:1-8. [PMID: 26188196 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) frequency is a biomarker for early genetic effects which is often used in human biomonitoring studies. Increased frequency of micronuclei has been associated with high levels of traffic exposure. Further high MN frequency was found predictive for cancer development in several studies of adults. In the present study, the MN frequency in blood samples from the Danish participants of the European pilot project DEMOCOPHES was analysed and related to the area of residence, self-reported and calculated exposure to road traffic as well as to mercury in hair and blood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and dioxin-like activity measured in the same participants. The MN frequency analysis was performed with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and included 100 children and 119 mothers. We found a significant correlation between mothers and children in the levels of micronuclei in 1000 binucleated T lymphocytes (‰MNBN) and in the proliferation index. Further the levels of ‰MNBN were significantly higher in mothers compared with their children. No significant associations were found for ‰MNBN for traffic related exposure in neither children nor their mothers. In children, a 2.5 times higher micronuclei in mononuclear T lymphocytes were found in children living within 50 m of a busy road, however, this was not found in mothers or in MNBN and the effect of exposure to road traffic on MN frequency needs further investigation. No significant associations were found between MN frequencies and the other biomarkers measured in the same participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Vande Loock
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics), Faculty of Science and Bio-Engineering, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | - Maria Bech Poulsen
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark and
| | - Volkert D Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, 1410 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark and
| | - Micheline Kirsch-Volders
- Laboratory of Cell Genetics), Faculty of Science and Bio-Engineering, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Senthilkumar CS, Akhter S, Malla TM, Sah NK, Ganesh N. Increased Micronucleus Frequency in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Contributes to Cancer Risk in the Methyl Isocyanate-Affected Population of Bhopal. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:4409-19. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
11
|
Feki-Tounsi M, Khlifi R, Mhiri MN, Rebai A, Hamza-Chaffai A. Cytogenetic damage in the oral mucosa cells of bladder cancer patients exposed to tobacco in Southern Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12922-7. [PMID: 24981033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer was associated to exposure to several pollutants which can be absorbed, inhaled, or possibly ingested. We analyzed the frequency of micronuclei (MNC) and binucleated cells (BNC) in exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa of 24 bladder cancer (BC) patients and 48 controls residing in Southern Tunisia. An assessment was carried out on the incidence of MNC and BNC in 1,000 cells per individual. The data were analyzed with SPSS, using the chi-square and the Mann-Whitney U test, α = 0.05. The frequency of MN cells in BC cases was 2.5-fold higher, than in the control group (P < 0.001), while the difference for BNC between both groups was not significant. The smoking habits, age, and gender significantly influenced the MN but not the BNC alterations. The results of our study showed significantly increased frequencies of MN but not of BNC in exfoliated oral cells of BC patients associated with the smoking status, sex, and age. This study provides preliminary evidence that the frequency of MN in oral mucosa could be a predictive biomarker for cancers in parts of the body other than the upper aerodigestive tract, such as BC. Further scrupulous investigations are certainly warranted in order to implement this assay as a routine test in the planning and validation of cancer surveillance and prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molka Feki-Tounsi
- Unit of Marine and Environmental Toxicology. IPEIS, Sfax University, PB 805, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis) Fermented byLactobacillus fermentumAttenuates Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:2294-300. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Chen CH, Ferreira JCB, Gross ER, Mochly-Rosen D. Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2: new therapeutic opportunities. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1-34. [PMID: 24382882 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of detoxifying enzymes called aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) has been a subject of recent interest, as its role in detoxifying aldehydes that accumulate through metabolism and to which we are exposed from the environment has been elucidated. Although the human genome has 19 ALDH genes, one ALDH emerges as a particularly important enzyme in a variety of human pathologies. This ALDH, ALDH2, is located in the mitochondrial matrix with much known about its role in ethanol metabolism. Less known is a new body of research to be discussed in this review, suggesting that ALDH2 dysfunction may contribute to a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and cancer. Recent studies suggest that ALDH2 dysfunction is also associated with Fanconi anemia, pain, osteoporosis, and the process of aging. Furthermore, an ALDH2 inactivating mutation (termed ALDH2*2) is the most common single point mutation in humans, and epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between this inactivating mutation and increased propensity for common human pathologies. These data together with studies in animal models and the use of new pharmacological tools that activate ALDH2 depict a new picture related to ALDH2 as a critical health-promoting enzyme.
Collapse
|
14
|
Fenech MF. Nutriomes and personalised nutrition for DNA damage prevention, telomere integrity maintenance and cancer growth control. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:427-441. [PMID: 24114494 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage at the base sequence and chromosome level is a fundamental cause of developmental and degenerative diseases. Multiple micronutrients and their interactions with the inherited and/or acquired genome determine DNA damage and genomic instability rates. The challenge is to identify for each individual the combination of micronutrients and their doses (i.e. the nutriome) that optimises genome stability, including telomere integrity and functionality and DNA repair. Using nutrient array systems with high-content analysis diagnostics of DNA damage, cell death and cell growth, it is possible to define, on an individual basis, the optimal nutriome for DNA damage prevention and cancer growth control. This knowledge can also be used to improve culture systems for cells used in therapeutics such as stem cells to ensure that they are not genetically aberrant when returned to the body. Furthermore, this information could be used to design dietary patterns that deliver the micronutrient combinations and concentrations required for preventing DNA damage by micronutrient deficiency or excess. Using this approach, new knowledge could be obtained to identify the dietary restrictions and/or supplementations required to control specific cancers, which is particularly important given that reliable validated advice is not yet available for those diagnosed with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, 10041, Adelaide BC, SA, 5000, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Weng Z, Suda M, Ohtani K, Mei N, Kawamoto T, Nakajima T, Wang RS. Subchronic exposure to ethyl tertiary butyl ether resulting in genetic damage in Aldh2 knockout mice. Toxicology 2013; 311:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Albertini RJ. Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) genotoxicity profile: Relevance for carcinogenicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:671-706. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.827151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Zamora-Perez AL, Mariaud-Schmidt RP, Fuentes-Lerma MG, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Gómez-Meda BC, López-Verdín S, Zúñiga-González GM. Increased number of micronuclei and nuclear anomalies in buccal mucosa cells from people exposed to alcohol-containing mouthwash. Drug Chem Toxicol 2012; 36:255-60. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2012.737804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
18
|
De Oliveira NCD, Sarmento MS, Nunes EA, Porto CM, Rosa DP, Bona SR, Rodrigues G, Marroni NP, Pereira P, Picada JN, Ferraz ABF, Thiesen FV, Da Silva J. Rosmarinic acid as a protective agent against genotoxicity of ethanol in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1208-14. [PMID: 22306517 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to study the protective effects of rosmarinic acid against ethanol-induced DNA damage in mice. The antigenotoxic capacity of rosmarinic acid (100 mg/kg) was tested using pre-, co- and post-treatment with ethanol (5 g/kg). Peripheral blood (1 and 24 h) and brain cells (24 h) were evaluated using the comet assay and bone marrow was analyzed using the micronucleus assay (24 h). The results were compared to data of TBARS, enzymes with antioxidant activity, and DCFH-DA test. Peripheral blood and brain cells show that mean damage index (DI) and damage frequency (DF) values of ethanol with pre-treatment with rosmarinic acid group were significantly lower than in the ethanol group. In brain cells all different treatments with ethanol and rosmarinic acid showed significant decrease in DI and DF mean values when compared to ethanol group and negative control. No significant differences were observed in micronucleus frequency, activity of antioxidant enzymes and TBARS between groups. The DCFH-DA test show a reduction of 18% of fluorescence intensity when compare with ethanol group. The results show that rosmarinic acid could decrease the levels of DNA damage induced by ethanol, for both tissues and treatment periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nânci C D De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil - ULBRA, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Furness DLF, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. DNA damage and health in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:153-62. [PMID: 21511343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In healthy pregnancy reactive oxygen species and antioxidants remain in balance and DNA damage is repaired effectively. However, pregnancy is an inflammatory state exhibiting increased susceptibility to oxidative stress such that this balance can be easily disrupted. Increased DNA damage has been shown to be involved in many pathological states including pregnancy complications. Modern lifestyles including exposure to pollutants, poor diet, and lack of exercise cause excess inflammation, oxidative stress, and ultimately DNA damage. There is a growing body of literature providing evidence that these lifestyle changes are increasing our risk of infertility, miscarriage, and late-gestation pregnancy complications. Moreover, baseline DNA damage rises with age and couples in developed societies are delaying childbirth, placing them at further risk. In order to understand the effect of lifestyle and DNA damage on pregnancy health we require large prospective studies, with the collection of samples prior to conception and endpoints of time-to-pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and late-gestation maternal and fetal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L F Furness
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fenech M, Bonassi S. The effect of age, gender, diet and lifestyle on DNA damage measured using micronucleus frequency in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:43-9. [PMID: 21164181 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) frequency in cytokinesis-blocked peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) has become one of the best-established biomarkers for studying DNA damage occurring in vivo in humans. The application of this method in population biomonitoring studies requires a deep understanding of how lifestyle and common host variables may influence MN frequency in PBL. In this mini-review, an update is provided on results from studies reporting on the impact of age, gender, diet and lifestyle factors (e.g. exercise, alcohol, smoking and recreational drugs) on this biomarker. Evidence from these studies shows that each of these factors, either in isolation or in combination, can significantly influence MN frequency. Proper control for these factors is required to enable better measurement of the impact of other conditions, such as environmental exposure to genotoxins or a susceptible genetic background, on MN frequency in PBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fenech
- Department of Nutritional Genomics and DNA Damage Diagnostics, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food and Nutritional Sciences, Gate 13 Kintore Avenue, PO Box 10041, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Weng Z, Suda M, Ohtani K, Mei N, Kawamoto T, Nakajima T, Wang RS. Aldh2 knockout mice were more sensitive to DNA damage in leukocytes due to ethyl tertiary butyl ether exposure. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2011; 49:396-399. [PMID: 21372431 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the genotoxicity of ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), a gasoline additive, male and female C57BL/6 mice of Aldh2+/+ and Aldh2-/- genotypes, aged 8 wk, were exposed to 0, 500, 1,750, or 5,000 ppm ETBE for 6 h/day, 5 d per week for 13 wk. DNA damage in leukocytes was measured by the alkaline comet assay and expressed quantitatively as Tail Intensity (TI). For male mice, TI was significantly higher in all three groups exposed to ETBE than in those without exposure within Aldh2-/- mice, whereas within Aldh2+/+ mice, TI increased only in those exposed to 5,000 ppm of ETBE as compared with mice without exposure. For female mice, a significant increase in TI values was observed in the group exposed to 5,000 ppm of ETBE as compared with those without exposure within Aldh2-/- mice; TI in Aldh2-/- mice exposed to 1,750 and 5,000 ppm was significantly higher than in Aldh2+/+ mice without exposure. TI did not significantly increase in any of the groups exposed to ETBE within female Aldh2+/+ mice. Based on the results we suggest that Aldh2-/- mice are more sensitive to DNA damage caused by ETBE than Aldh2+/+ mice and that males seem more susceptible to this effect than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuquan Weng
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Iarmarcovai G, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Fenech M. Genetic polymorphisms of genes involved in DNA repair and metabolism influence micronucleus frequencies in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:33-42. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
23
|
Yan Y, Yang JY, Mou YH, Wang LH, Zhang H, Wu CF. Possible Metabolic Pathways of Ethanol Responsible for Oxidative DNA Damage in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 35:1-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
24
|
Fenech MF. Nutriomes and nutrient arrays - the key to personalised nutrition for DNA damage prevention and cancer growth control. Genome Integr 2010; 1:11. [PMID: 20704708 PMCID: PMC2927499 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9414-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage at the base-sequence, epigenome and chromosome level is a fundamental cause of developmental and degenerative diseases. Multiple micronutrients and their interactions with the inherited and/or acquired genome determine DNA damage and genomic instability rates. The challenge is to identify for each individual the combination of micronutrients and their doses (i.e. the nutriome) that optimises genome stability and DNA repair. In this paper I describe and propose the use of high-throughput nutrient array systems with high content analysis diagnostics of DNA damage, cell death and cell growth for defining, on an individual basis, the optimal nutriome for DNA damage prevention and cancer growth control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041 Adelaide BC, SA, 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kayaaltı Z, Söylemezoğlu T. Distribution of ADH1B, ALDH2, CYP2E1 *6, and CYP2E1 *7B genotypes in Turkish population. Alcohol 2010; 44:415-23. [PMID: 20598484 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The most well-known metabolic pathways from ethanol to acetaldehyde include alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system that involves cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). Acetaldehyde is further oxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The genetic variation of ADH1B, ALDH2, and CYP2E1 is different among racial populations and cause difference in elimination rates of alcohol. The aim of this study was to determine the polymorphisms of ADH1B (rs1229984; Arg47His), ALDH2 (rs671; Glu487Lys), CYP2E1*6 (rs6413432; T7632A), and CYP2E1*7B (rs6413420; G-71T) in unrelated healthy Turkish population and compare it with other populations. ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms were analyzed with an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and CYP2E1*6 and CYP2E1*7B polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. ADH1B polymorphism analysis yielded the genotype distribution as 83.9% ADH1B*1/1 and 16.1% ADH1B*1/2, and no individuals with ALDH2*1/2 and ALDH2*2/2 genotypes were found in Turkish population. The genotype frequencies for CYP2E1*6 polymorphism were found as 85.3% for homozygote common, 14.1% for heterozygote, and 0.6% for homozygote uncommon. For CYP2E1*7B polymorphism, the genotype frequencies were determined to be 86.5% G/G, 13.5% for G/T; however, no individuals with homozygote uncommon genotype were detected. According to our study results, the genotype distributions of ADH1B, ALDH2, CYP2E1*6, and CYP2E1*7B in Turkish population were similar compared with Caucasian and some European populations, whereas differed significantly from East Asian populations. This study may be useful in epidemiological studies of the influence of ADH1B, ALDH2, CYP2E1*6, and CYP2E1*7B polymorphisms on diseases, including several types of cancer related to alcohol consumption and alcohol dependence.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou YZ, Diao YT, Li H, Li HQ, Ma Q, Cui J. Association of genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 with esophageal squamous cell dysplasia. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3445-9. [PMID: 20632450 PMCID: PMC2904894 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To demonstrate the possible associations between genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) and esophageal squamous cell dysplasia (ESCD).
METHODS: All participants came from an area of high incidence of esophageal cancer and underwent an endoscopic staining examination; biopsies were taken from a non-staining area of the mucosa and diagnosed by histopathology. Based on the examinations, the subjects were divided into the control group with normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells and the ESCD group. ALDH2 genotypes of 396 cases were determined including 184 ESCD cases and 212 controls. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by binary logistic regression models.
RESULTS: The distribution of ALDH2 genotypes showed significant differences between the two groups. The adjustment factors were gender and age in the logistic regression models. Compared with 2*2/2*2 genotype, 2*1/2*1 genotype was found to be a risk factor for ESCD, and the OR (95% CI) was 4.50 (2.21-9.19). There were significant correlations between ALDH2 genotypes and alcohol drinking/smoking/history of esophageal cancer.
CONCLUSION: The ALDH2 polymorphism is significantly associated with ESCD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Furness DLF, Dekker GA, Hague WM, Khong TY, Fenech MF. Increased lymphocyte micronucleus frequency in early pregnancy is associated prospectively with pre-eclampsia and/or intrauterine growth restriction. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:489-98. [PMID: 20581221 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome stability is essential for normal foetal growth and development. To date, genome stability in human lymphocytes has not been studied in relation to late pregnancy diseases, such as pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which can be life-threatening to mother and baby and together affect >10% of pregnancies. We performed a prospective cohort study investigating the association of maternal chromosomal damage in mid-pregnancy (20 weeks gestation) with pregnancy outcomes. Chromosome damage was measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNcyt) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The odds ratio for PE and/or IUGR in a mixed cohort of low- and high-risk pregnancies (N = 136) and a cohort of only high-risk pregnancies (N = 91) was 15.97 (P = 0.001) and 17.85 (P = 0.007), respectively, if the frequency of lymphocytes with micronuclei (MN) at 20 weeks gestation was greater than the mean + 2 SDs of the cohort. These results suggest that the presence of lymphocyte MN is significantly increased in women who develop PE and/or IUGR before the clinical signs or symptoms appear relative to women with normal pregnancy outcomes. The CBMNcyt assay may provide a new approach for the early detection of women at risk of developing these late pregnancy diseases and for biomonitoring the efficacy of interventions to reduce DNA damage, which may in turn ameliorate pregnancy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L F Furness
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, The Medical School, Frome Road, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weng H, Weng Z, Lu Y, Nakayama K, Morimoto K. Effects of alcohol-drinking behaviour and ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms on basal DNA damage in human mononuclear cells as determined by the comet assay. Mutat Res 2010; 701:132-6. [PMID: 20685249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of alcohol drinking and ADH1B and ALDH2 polymorphisms on basal DNA damage (measured by the alkaline comet assay) of mononuclear cells in 122 healthy Japanese workers. Our results showed that drinking frequency had a significant impact on the tail moment (TM) value, with the highest TM value observed in habitual drinkers. The presence of the ADH1B*2 or ALDH2*2 allele was associated with increased DNA damage in older habitual drinkers. Furthermore, habitual drinkers with a combined genotype of ADH1B*2/*2 and ALDH2*1/*2 demonstrated a significantly higher TM value than other groups. Moreover, the combination of drinking and smoking has a combined effect on DNA damage. Multiple regression analysis revealed that drinking frequency, smoking status, and ALDH2 polymorphisms significantly influence basal TM value, suggesting that these are important variables affecting individual basal DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Weng
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yokoyama K. Individual susceptibility to occupational hazard. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2009; 47:455-458. [PMID: 19834253 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.47.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
30
|
Kayani MA, Parry JM. The in vitro genotoxicity of ethanol and acetaldehyde. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 24:56-60. [PMID: 19747536 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ability of ethanol to produce chromosomal changes has been controversial in past many years; nevertheless many recent studies have shown that ethanol itself produces genotoxic effects like acetaldehyde. This study was carried out to evaluate the ability of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde to induce chromosomal changes using in vitro CBMN assay (Cytokinesis Blocked Micronucleus assay) in conjunction with immunofluorescent labeling of kinetochores. Kinetochore staining was used with a view to differentiate, between the genotoxic effects of both chemicals, and ascertain the mechanisms of genotoxicity induction by ethanol and acetaldehyde. Both ethanol and acetaldehyde produced statistically significant (P<0.05) dose dependent increase in MN induction as compared with the controls over the dose range tested. Kinetochore analysis proved that the MN induced in ethanol were originated by an aneugenic mechanism, whereas in the case of acetaldehyde most of the MN had originated by a clastogenic mechanism. This not only confirms the ability of ethanol to produce DNA damage in vitro but it also establishes the efficacy of CBMN assay to detect and differentiate between the genotoxic effects of different genotoxins. Here we report that ethanol is itself genotoxic, at least in vitro, and produces genotoxic effects mainly through an aneugenic mechanism whereas its metabolite acetaldehyde is a clastogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Youtz DJ, Wold LE. ROLE OF ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE-2 IN ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:462. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Huang P, Huang B, Weng H, Nakayama K, Morimoto K. Effects of lifestyle on micronuclei frequency in human lymphocytes in Japanese hard-metal workers. Prev Med 2009; 48:383-8. [PMID: 19463494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other major causes of mortality are largely attributable to lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, hours of working and sleeping, physical activity, diet, and stress. Earlier studies have suggested that an unhealthy lifestyle is also associated with increased lymphocyte sensitivity to mutagens, oxidative DNA damage level, and leukocyte DNA damage. In order to explore the genotoxicity of unhealthy lifestyle, we evaluated the effect of overall lifestyle as well as some individual lifestyle factors on micronuclei (MN) frequency in cultured human lymphocytes. METHOD The study was conducted among 208 healthy adult (19 to 59 years) male Japanese hard-metal workers. The subjects were divided into groups according to their self-reported good, moderate, and poor lifestyles based on their responses to a questionnaire regarding eight health practices (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, working hours, physical exercise, eating breakfast, balanced nutrition, and mental stress), the presence or absence of each of which was summed to obtain a health practice index (HPI: range 0-8). Peripheral blood was taken and the cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay was performed. RESULTS Total lifestyle quality as measured by the HPI was strongly negatively associated with MN frequency in cultured human lymphocytes (p<0.01). Nutritional imbalance, lack of regular exercise (<2 times per week), insufficient sleep (< or =6 h per day), and overtime working (> or =9 h per day) each contributed significantly to higher MN frequency (all p<0.05). In the smoker group, a significantly higher MN frequency was only found in heavy smokers (p<0.05). On the other hand, mental stress, eating breakfast, and alcohol drinking had no effect on MN frequency. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that poor lifestyle habits significantly increase MN frequency in human lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Philip Brooks and colleagues discuss evidence linking the alcohol flushing response (predominantly due to ALDH2 deficiency) with a much higher risk of esophageal cancer from alcohol consumption.
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Teo T, Fenech M. The interactive effect of alcohol and folic acid on genome stability in human WIL2-NS cells measured using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 657:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
36
|
Gundy S, Székely G, Farkas G, Pulay A, Remenár E. [Problems occurring in the application of cytogenetic biomarkers for alcoholics with and without malignant diseases]. Magy Onkol 2008; 52:153-61. [PMID: 18640891 DOI: 10.1556/monkol.52.2008.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Applicability of alcohol- and smoking-related cancer-risk biomarkers might be modified by several factors. Among those, reality of self-reports on alcohol consumption of alcoholic patients with different diseases and extreme high mutagen hypersensitivity of Hungarians, as well as the immunologic role of peripheral lymphocytes as experimental objects of cytogenetic biomarkers seem to be new viewpoints of interest. To clarify these problems, 432 head and neck cancer patients (HNCP), 62 alcoholics with alcoholic hepatitis (ALCL), and 101 disease-free chronic alcoholics (ALC) were examined. Despite clinically confirmed alcohol-related diagnoses (and GGT and MCV values) only about half of HNCPs and ALCLs reported about any alcohol consumption, in contrast to the realistic self-reports of ALCs. In cytogenetic case control investigations no difference between the spontaneous rate of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) of healthy controls and ALCs was found, however, genetic instability expressed as a 40-50% elevation rate of CAs in HNCPs and ALCLs might be associated with systemic inflammatory reaction of lymphocytes. Bleomycin sensitivity assay showed the highest break/cell (b/c) values not in HNCPs (1.06 b/c) as it was reported earlier, but in "healthy" ALCs (1.52 b/c). This phenomenon can be related to the local effect of genotoxins (alcohol, smoking, and in particular the diet), which probably reflects merely a reaction of mucosal immune system. Nearly 50% of mutagen-hypersensitive Hungarian controls, in contrary to the expected 10-20% ones, might also be explained by this. Similarly, HNCPs with oral cancer, where the local mutagen effect was the most intensive, had the highest b/c values. In conclusion, when cytogenetic biomarkers of alcoholism are examined, the subjective character of self-reports at epidemiologic level and immunologic role of lymphocyte subpopulations as genetic confounders must also be taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarolta Gundy
- Országos Onkológiai Intézet Onkocytogenetikai Osztály 1122 Budapest Ráth György u. 7-9.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Iarmarcovai G, Bonassi S, Botta A, Baan RA, Orsière T. Genetic polymorphisms and micronucleus formation: a review of the literature. Mutat Res 2007; 658:215-33. [PMID: 18037339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of micronuclei (MN) is extensively used in molecular epidemiology as a biomarker of chromosomal damage, genome instability, and eventually of cancer risk. The occurrence of MN represents an integrated response to chromosome-instability phenotypes and altered cellular viabilities caused by genetic defects and/or exogenous exposures to genotoxic agents. The present article reviews human population studies addressing the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and MN formation, and provides insight into how genetic variants could modulate the effect of environmental exposures to genotoxic agents, host factors (gender, age), lifestyle characteristics (smoking, alcohol, folate), and diseases (coronary artery disease, cancer). Seventy-two studies measuring MN frequency either in peripheral blood lymphocytes or exfoliated cells were retrieved after an extensive search of the MedLine/PubMed database. The effect of genetic polymorphisms on MN formation is complex, influenced to a different extent by several polymorphisms of proteins or enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair proteins, and folate-metabolism enzymes. This heterogeneity reflects the presence of multiple external and internal exposures, and the large number of chromosomal alterations eventually resulting in MN formation. Polymorphisms of EPHX, GSTT1, and GSTM1 are of special importance in modulating the frequency of chromosomal damage in individuals exposed to genotoxic agents and in unexposed populations. Variants of ALDH2 genes are consistently associated with MN formation induced by alcohol drinking. Carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (with or without breast cancer) show enhanced sensitivity to clastogens. Some evidence further suggests that DNA repair (XRCC1 and XRCC3) and folate-metabolism genes (MTHFR) also influence MN formation. As some of the findings are based on relatively small numbers of subjects, larger scale studies are required that include scoring of additional endpoints (e.g., MN in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization, analysis of nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds), and address gene-gene interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Iarmarcovai
- Laboratory of Biogenotoxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis EA 1784; IFR PMSE 112, Faculty of Medecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|