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Forghanifard MM, Aarabi A, Nasiri Aghdam M, Memar B, Hasanzadeh Khayat M, Dadkhah E, Abbaszadegan MR. GSTs polymorphisms are associated with epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31269-31277. [PMID: 32488710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter is an important risk factor. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual's response to PAH exposure. Genomic DNA from 50 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients extracted from peripheral blood. PCR-RFLP technique was employed to determine GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. Aberrant promoter methylation of CDKN2A was applied by methylation-specific PCR technique. Concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was determined using a HPLC system. About 38.7% showed the null GSTM1 genotype (54% cases and 13% controls), 23.7% showed GSTT1 null genotype (30% cases and 13% controls), and 62.5% were GSTP1 A/A genotype (66% cases and 56% controls). Polymorphic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were significantly associated with aberrant methylation of CDKN2A gene. The null state of GSTT1 was significantly associated with high concentrations of 1-OHP in urea (p < 0.01). There was significant association between methylated states of CDKN2A and high concentrations of 1-OHP in urine (p < 0.01). We identified significant association between polymorphism of GSTs genes and epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Aarabi
- Immunology research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiri Aghdam
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Pathology, Omeed Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran
| | | | - Ezzat Dadkhah
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
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Osterberg JS, Cammen KM, Schultz TF, Clark BW, Di Giulio RT. Genome-wide scan reveals signatures of selection related to pollution adaptation in non-model estuarine Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:73-82. [PMID: 29727773 PMCID: PMC6957077 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In many human-altered ecosystems, organisms are increasingly faced with more diverse and complex environmental stressors and pollutant mixtures, to which the adaptations necessary to survive exposure are likely to be numerous and varied. Improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie complex polygenic adaptations in natural settings requires significant toxicological, biochemical, physiological, and genomic data rarely available for non-model organisms. Here, we build upon two decades of study of adaptation to anthropogenic pollutants in a population of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that inhabits the creosote-contaminated Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund (AW) site on the Elizabeth River, Virginia in the United States. To better understand the genotypes that underlie previously characterized resistance to PCBs and PAHs, we performed Restriction site-Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) on killifish from AW and two relatively clean reference sites (King's Creek-KC, and Mains Creek-MC). Across the genome, we analyzed over 83,000 loci and 12,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Shared across both comparisons of killifish from polluted (AW) and relatively unpolluted (KC and MC) sites, we found eight genomic regions with smoothed FST values significantly (p < 0.001) elevated above background. Using the recently published F. heteroclitus reference genome, we identified candidate genes in these significant regions involved in the AHR pathway (e.g. AIP, ARNT1c), as well as genes relating to cardiac structure and function. These genes represent both previously characterized and potentially novel molecular adaptations involved with various aspects of resistance to these environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Osterberg
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Superfund Research Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA.
| | - K M Cammen
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - T F Schultz
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - B W Clark
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Superfund Research Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - R T Di Giulio
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke Superfund Research Center, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Anderson SM, Naidoo RN, Ramkaran P, Phulukdaree A, Muttoo S, Asharam K, Chuturgoon AA. The Effect of Nitric Oxide Pollution on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women Living in Durban, South Africa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:228-239. [PMID: 29063946 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect nitric oxide (NO x ) pollution had on maternal serum 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women living in Durban, South Africa (SA). Women, in their third trimester with singleton pregnancies, were recruited from the heavily industrialised south (n = 225) and less industrialised north (n = 152). Biomarker levels of serum 8-OHdG concentrations were analysed, and the women were genotyped for glutathione-S-transferases pi 1 (GSTP1) and glutathione-S-transferases mu 1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms. The level of NO x pollution in the two regions was determined by using land use regression modelling. The serum 8-OHdG was shown to correlate significantly with NO x levels; this relationship was strengthened in the south (p < 0.05). This relationship was still observed after adjusting for maternal characteristics. GSTP1 was significantly associated with the south region, where the variant (AG+GG) genotype was associated with increased 8-OHdG levels as a result of NO x exposure (p < 0.05). GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a positive correlation between NO x and 8-OHdG levels (p < 0.05). NO x levels were found marginally to reduce gestational age (p < 0.05) with mothers carrying male neonates. Variant GSTP1 and living in the north were factors that contributed to gestational age reduction (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that NO x exposure resulted in increased 8-OHdG levels in pregnant women living in Durban, SA, which led to gestational age reduction. The GSTP1 variant increased susceptibility of individuals to harmful effects of NO x .
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Anderson
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Rajen N Naidoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Prithiksha Ramkaran
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Alisa Phulukdaree
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Sheena Muttoo
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Kareshma Asharam
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Anil A Chuturgoon
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Third Floor, George Campbell Building, Howard Campus, King George V Avenue, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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Polymorphisms in metabolism and repair genes affects DNA damage caused by open-cast coal mining exposure. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 808:38-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Varzari A, Deyneko IV, Tudor E, Turcan S. Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes in Moldavian patients with ulcerative colitis: Genotype-phenotype correlation. Meta Gene 2015; 7:76-82. [PMID: 26862484 PMCID: PMC4707243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are important enzymes for protection against oxidative stress. In addition, MTHFR has an essential role in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation. Their polymorphisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of selected polymorphisms in these genes in the development of UC in the Moldavian population. Methods In a case-control study including 128 UC patients and 136 healthy individuals, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes (polymorphic deletions) were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The GSTP1 rs1695 (Ile105Val), MTHFR rs1801133 (C677T), and MTHFR rs1801131 (A1298C) polymorphisms were studied with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Genotype–phenotype correlations were examined using logistic regression analysis. Results None of the genotypes, either alone or in combination, showed a strong association with UC. The case-only sub-phenotypic association analysis showed an association of the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism with the extent of UC under co-dominant (p corrected = 0.040) and recessive (p corrected = 0.020; OR = 0.15; CI = 0.04–0.63) genetic models. Also, an association between the MTHFR rs1801131 polymorphism and the severity of UC was reported for the over-dominant model (p corrected = 0.023; coefficient = 0.32; 95% CI = 0.10–0.54). Conclusion The GST and MTHFR genotypes do not seem to be a relevant risk factor for UC in our sample. There was, however, evidence that variants in MTHFR may influence the clinical features in UC patients. Additional larger studies investigating the relationship between GST and MTHFR polymorphisms and UC are required.
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Key Words
- GST, Glutathione S-transferase
- Genetic polymorphism
- Glutathione S-transferases
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease
- MTHFR, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
- Moldavian population
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RFLP, Restriction fragment length polymorphism
- SAM, S-adenosyl methionine
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- Susceptibility
- UC, Ulcerative colitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- n, Total number
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Varzari
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Igor V Deyneko
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elena Tudor
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Institute of Phthisiopneumology, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
| | - Svetlana Turcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kishinev, Republic of Moldova
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Roshandel G, Semnani S, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2013; 15:713-22. [PMID: 23102250 DOI: 0121511/aim.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 8th most common cancer and the 6th most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of EC. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested as a risk factor for developing ESCC. In this paper we will review different aspects of the relationship between PAH exposure and ESCC. PAHs are a group of compounds that are formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Studies in humans have shown an association between PAH exposure and development of ESCC in many populations. The results of a recent case-control study in a high risk population in northeastern Iran showed a dramatic dose-response relationship between PAH content in non-tumor esophageal tissue (the target tissue for esophageal carcinogenesis) and ESCC case status, consistent with a causal role for PAH exposure in the pathogenesis of ESCC. Identifying the main sources of exposure to PAHs may be the first and most important step in designing appropriate PAH-reduction interventions for controlling ESCC, especially in high risk areas. Coal smoke and drinking mate have been suggested as important modifiable sources of PAH exposure in China and Brazil, respectively. But the primary source of exposure to PAHs in other high risk areas for ESCC, such as northeastern Iran, has not yet been identified. Thus, environmental studies to determining important sources of PAH exposure should be considered as a high priority in future research projects in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Block G, Shaikh N, Jensen CD, Volberg V, Holland N. Serum vitamin C and other biomarkers differ by genotype of phase 2 enzyme genes GSTM1 and GSTT1. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:929-37. [PMID: 21813807 PMCID: PMC3155929 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.011460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify environmental chemicals and are involved in oxidative stress pathways. Deletion polymorphisms affect enzyme activities and have been associated with risk of disease. OBJECTIVE The objective was to clarify whether biomarkers of oxidation, antioxidation, inflammation, and nutritional factors differ by GST genotype in healthy adults. DESIGN Subjects (n = 383) consisted of nonsmokers and nonusers of antiinflammatory drugs and antioxidant vitamin supplements. Deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped. F(2)-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, serum vitamin C, carotenoids, tocopherols, and other nutritional factors were assessed. RESULTS The concentration of serum vitamin C was higher in persons with the inactive GSTM1-0 genotype (P = 0.006). This relation was unchanged after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, or dietary vitamin C. F(2)-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde were lower in the GSTM1-0 and GSTT1-0 groups, respectively, but significance was lost after control for serum vitamin C. The dual deletion, GSTM1-0/GSTT1-0 (n = 37), was associated with higher serum iron and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (all P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde concentrations, which persisted after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and serum vitamin C. Carotenoids and α- and γ-tocopherols were not associated with either genotype. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers differ by GST genotype, but serum vitamin C appears to be the most consistent factor. Examination of other relevant genes may be needed to understand the concentration and function of ascorbic acid in the GST enzyme system. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00079963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Block
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 94720-7360, USA.
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Ayi-Fanou L, Avogbe PH, Fayomi B, Keith G, Hountondji C, Creppy EE, Autrup H, Rihn BH, Sanni A. DNA-adducts in subjects exposed to urban air pollution by benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Cotonou, Benin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:93-102. [PMID: 20014405 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution effect on humans represents a major public health problem. Exposure to genotoxic compounds in the ambient air is evaluated using different biomarkers. In the present study we assessed DNA-adducts levels in apparently healthy people living and working in the city of Cotonou (Benin) in which exposure to air pollutants such as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mainly benzo(a)pyrene has been evidenced. Rural inhabitants were enrolled as control group. Taxi-motorbike drivers, street food vendors, and gasoline salesmen were recruited in Cotonou whereas suburban residents were recruited in Godomey, 12 km from Cotonou. We found that taxi-motorbike drivers, roadside residents, street vendors, taxi-motor-bike drivers and gasoline sellers had significantly higher levels of DNA-adducts than suburban and village inhabitants (P < 0.001; post hoc, LSD). Means values were 24.6 ± 6.4, 23.78 ± 6.9, 34.7 ± 9.8, and 37.2 ± 8.1 in the exposed groups versus 2.1 ± 0.6 and 3.1 ± 0.8 adducts/10(8) nucleotides, in the two control groups, respectively. We did not find any significant difference within the high exposure groups and inside low exposure subgroups (namely suburban residents and villagers) because the mean individual exposure values to both PAHs and benzene were similar among subjects exposed in the city of Cotonou and those in suburban and village areas. However, there is significant interindividual variations in adducts levels that may reflect variation of genetic susceptibility factors. Ranges of adduct level/10(8) nucleotides were: 1-69, 1-76, 3-169, 4-124, 0-9, 0-8 adducts/10(8) for taxi-motorbike drivers, roadside residents, street vendors, gasoline sellers, suburban and village inhabitants, respectively. Our study demonstrated a clear-cut elevated level of DNA adducts in city residents than in none exposed people (or very low exposure levels people) and designate these city residents groups as people at risks for the chronic diseases possibly caused by benzene and PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ayi-Fanou
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, FAST/UAC, Bénin
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García-Suástegui WA, Huerta-Chagoya A, Carrasco-Colín KL, Pratt MM, John K, Petrosyan P, Rubio J, Poirier MC, Gonsebatt ME. Seasonal variations in the levels of PAH-DNA adducts in young adults living in Mexico City. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:385-91. [PMID: 21193517 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous components of polluted air. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), one of the most densely populated areas in the world, is 2240 m above sea level. At this altitude, less oxygen is available, making combustion less efficient and therefore producing more PAH pollutants. According to the Automatic Monitoring Network in Mexico City (RAMA, for its Spanish initials; http://www.sma.df.gob.mx/simat2/informaciontecnica/index.php?opcion=5&opciondifusion_bd=90), which performs environmental monitoring, the critical air pollutants in Mexico City are ozone and particulate matter (PM). PM emissions increase during the dry season (winter to spring) and decrease during the rainy season (summer to autumn). The bioactivation of some PAHs produces reactive metabolites that bind to DNA, and the presence of elevated levels of PAH-DNA adducts in tissues such as blood lymphocytes represents an elevated risk for the development of cancer. We have compared the levels of PAH-DNA adducts and the percentage of cells with chromosomal aberrations (CWAs) using a matched set of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained on two separate occasions from young non-smoking inhabitants of the MCMA (n = 92) during the 2006 dry season and the following rainy season. PAH-DNA adducts were analysed using the r7, t8-dihydroxy-t-9, 10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). The percentages of CWA were determined in cultured lymphocytes from the same individuals. Both DNA adduct levels and chromosomal aberrations were tested for correlation with lifestyle and the polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 as well as glutathione-S-transferases GSTM1 and GSTT1. The levels of PAH-DNA adducts were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the dry season (10.66 ± 3.05 per 10(9) nt, n = 92) than during the rainy season (9.50 ± 2.85 per 10(9) nt, n = 92) and correlated with the seasonal levels of particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 10 μm (PM(10)). The percentage of CWA was not seasonally related; however, significant associations between the number of risk alleles and adduct levels in the dry (R = 0.298, P = 0.048) and in the wet seasons (R = 0.473, P = 0.001) were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A García-Suástegui
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-228, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, Mexico City, México
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Lagadu S, Lechevrel M, Sichel F, Breton J, Pottier D, Couderc R, Moussa F, Prevost V. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative damage in oesophageal cancer patients: lack of association with antioxidant vitamins and polymorphism of hOGG1 and GST. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:157. [PMID: 21134244 PMCID: PMC3004823 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background The present report was designed to investigate the origins of elevated oxidative stress measured in cancer patients in our previous work related to a case-control study (17 cases, 43 controls) on oesophageal cancers. The aim was to characterize the relationship between the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), antioxidant vitamins and genetic susceptibility. Methods 8-oxodG was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ED). Analysis of gene polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 was performed by multiplex PCR and in GSTP1 and hOGG1 by a PCR-RFLP method. Reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection at 294 nm was used to measure vitamins A and E in serum from the same blood samples. Results We observed that in our combined population (cases and control, n = 60), there was no statistically significant correlation between the levels of 8-oxodG and (i) the serum concentration of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin A (P = 0.290) or vitamin E (P = 0.813), or (ii) the incidence of the Ser326Cys polymorphic variant (P = 0.637) of the hOGG1 gene. Also, the levels of 8-oxodG were not significantly associated with polymorphisms in metabolite-detoxifying genes, such as GSTs, except for the positive correlation with Val/Val GST P1 allele (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The weakness of our cohort size notwithstanding, vitamins levels in serum and genetic polymorphisms in the hOGG1 or GST genes do not appear to be important modulators of 8-oxodG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lagadu
- Groupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer-UPRES EA 1772-IFR 146, Université de Caen-Basse-Normandie and Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
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Frequency of chromosomal aberrations in Prague mothers and their newborns. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 699:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Agudo A, Peluso M, Sala N, Capellá G, Munnia A, Piro S, Marín F, Ibáñez R, Amiano P, Tormo MJ, Ardanaz E, Barricarte A, Chirlaque MD, Dorronsoro M, Larrañaga N, Martínez C, Navarro C, Quirós JR, Sánchez MJ, González CA. Aromatic DNA adducts and polymorphisms in metabolic genes in healthy adults: findings from the EPIC-Spain cohort. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:968-76. [PMID: 19307236 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arylamines and heterocyclic amines require metabolic activation to form metabolites able to bind to DNA, a process mediated by polymorphic enzymes. We measured aromatic DNA adducts in white blood cells by the (32)P-post-labelling assay in a sample of 296 healthy adults (147 men and 149 women) from five regions of Spain. We also analyzed functional polymorphisms in the metabolic genes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, EPHX1, GSTM1, GSTT1, NAT2 and SULT1A1. A significant increased level of DNA aromatic adducts was found related to the fast oxidation-hydrolysis phenotype defined by the polymorphism I462V in CYP1A1, the allele A in IVS1-154C>A of CYP1A2 and the combination Tyrosine-Arginine for Y113H and H139R of EPHX1. Geometric means (adducts per 10(-9) normal nucleotides) were 2.17, 4.04 and 6.30 for slow, normal and fast phenotypes, respectively (P-trend = 0.01). Slow acetylation by NAT2 was associated with a significant decrease in adduct level; subjects with slow alleles *5A and *7A/B had in average 1.56 x 10(-9)adducts, as compared with 5.60 for those with normal NAT2 activity (P-value = 0.01). No association was seen with polymorphisms of other metabolic genes such as GSTM1, GSTT1 or SULT1A1. We concluded that the metabolic pathways of oxidation, hydrolysis and acetylation are relevant to the formation of bulky DNA adducts. This could suggest a potential involvement of aromatic compounds in the formation of such adducts; however, given lack of specificity of the post-labeling assay, a firm conclusion cannot be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Agudo
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
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Taioli E, Sram RJ, Binkova B, Kalina I, Popov TA, Garte S, Farmer PB. Biomarkers of exposure to carcinogenic PAHs and their relationship with environmental factors. Mutat Res 2007; 620:16-21. [PMID: 17403526 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The EXPAH project is a multicentre European study in which biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of effect, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors were studied in populations exposed to differing levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs). We describe here the relationships between the levels of DNA adducts (as biomarkers of exposure), the exposure to air pollution and smoking status. Lymphocyte bulky DNA adducts were significantly correlated with exposure when subjects were classified either by job description or by personal monitor measurements, and both bulky and benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) DNA adducts were also correlated with smoking status. These associations varied across the countries studied (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria). Results from a multivariate analysis show that factors mainly contributing to bulky and B[a]P DNA adducts are age, smoking habit, country of origin and environmental exposure to c-PAHs. The B[a]P DNA adducts were more strongly associated with smoking status than with the environmental exposure to c-PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Taioli
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Center, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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14
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Zidzik J, Kalina I, Salagovic J, Sram RJ, Rössner P, Popov T, Farmer PB. Influence of PAHs in ambient air on chromosomal aberrations in exposed subjects: international study - EXPAH. Mutat Res 2007; 620:41-8. [PMID: 17391715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (c-PAHs) in complex mixtures in ambient air on DNA damage (chromosomal aberrations) in occupationally exposed subjects measured as percent of aberrant cells (% AB.C.). There were in total 203 exposed subjects and 150 respective controls in the whole project, allocated in three different European cities - Kosice (Slovakia), Prague (Czech Republic) and Sofia (Bulgaria). The studied population from Kosice (Slovakia) consisted of 106 subjects. From these 51 were exposed policemen and 55 were controls. The Czech population comprised 52 exposed policemen and 50 controls. In Bulgaria, there were two equally numerous exposed groups: 50 policemen and 50 professional bus drivers together with 45 controls. According to personal monitoring, policemen and bus drivers in the Bulgarian capital Sofia were exposed to the highest levels of c-PAHs amongst the exposed subject groups in the cities (45.3+/-25.9ng/m(3) in policemen resp. 36.1+/-31.6ng/m(3) in bus drivers in Sofia, 26.8+/-39.8ng/m(3) for policemen in Kosice and 11.9+/-11.2ng/m(3) for policemen in Prague), compared to the respective controls (24.9+/-17.7ng/m(3) for controls in Sofia, 7.9+/-3.8ng/m(3) for controls in Kosice and 6.2+/-3.6ng/m(3) for controls in Prague). We observed the following frequency of % AB.C. scored by conventional method: 2.60+/-2.64 in exposed policemen and 2.14+/-1.61 in controls in Kosice (p=n.s.); 2.33+/-1.53 in exposed policemen and 1.94+/-1.28 in controls in Prague (p=n.s.); 3.04+/-1.64 in exposed policemen, respectively, 3.60+/-1.63 in exposed bus drivers and 1.79+/-0.77 in the control group in Sofia (p<0.05, respectively, p<0.05). According to data from multiple regression analysis, and group comparison of smokers versus nonsmokers in Sofia also cigarette smoking (p=0.055) and the age (p=0.020) seem to play an important role within the aberrant cell formation in addition to the occupational c-PAHs exposure (p=0.000). Smoking status was the modifying factor for % AB.C. in Kosice (p=0.020) after multiple regression approach was employed. In summary, we can say that subjects occupationally exposed to higher levels of c-PAHs in ambient air in Sofia are at greater genotoxic risk compared to those working indoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Zidzik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.
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15
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Singh R, Sram RJ, Binkova B, Kalina I, Popov TA, Georgieva T, Garte S, Taioli E, Farmer PB. The relationship between biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts, antioxidant status and genetic susceptibility following exposure to environmental air pollution in humans. Mutat Res 2007; 620:83-92. [PMID: 17445838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) appear to be significant contributors to the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of air pollution present in the urban environment for humans. Populations exposed to environmental air pollution show increased levels of PAH DNA adducts and it has been postulated that another contributing cause of carcinogenicity by environmental air pollution may be the production of reactive oxygen species following oxidative stress leading to oxidative DNA damage. The antioxidant status as well as the genetic profile of an individual should in theory govern the amount of protection afforded against the deleterious effects associated with exposure to environmental air pollution. In this study we investigated the formation of total PAH (bulky) and B[a]P DNA adducts following exposure of individuals to environmental air pollution in three metropolitan cities and the effect on endogenously derived oxidative DNA damage. Furthermore, the influence of antioxidant status (vitamin levels) and genetic susceptibility of individuals with regard to DNA damage was also investigated. There was no significant correlation for individuals between the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C and folate with M(1)dG and 8-oxodG adducts as well as M(1)dG adducts with total PAH (bulky) or B[a]P DNA adducts. The interesting finding from this study was the significant negative correlation between the level of 8-oxodG adducts and the level of total PAH (bulky) and B[a]P DNA adducts implying that the repair of oxidative DNA damage may be enhanced. This correlation was most significant for those individuals that were non smokers or those unexposed to environmental air pollution. Furthermore the significant inverse correlation between 8-oxodG and B[a]P DNA adducts was confined to individuals carrying the wild type genotype for both the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 gene (separately and interacting). This effect was not observed for individuals carrying the null variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Singh
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK.
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