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Averbeck D. Low-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11460. [PMID: 37511215 PMCID: PMC10380638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been observed at high doses of IR) relevant to antitumor radiation therapy. IR is inducing NTE involving intracellular and extracellular signaling, which may lead to short-ranging bystander effects and distant long-ranging extracellular signaling abscopal effects. Internal and "spontaneous" cellular stress is mostly due to metabolic oxidative stress involving mitochondrial energy production (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation and/or anaerobic pathways accompanied by the leakage of O2- and other radicals from mitochondria during normal or increased cellular energy requirements or to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among external stressors, ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to very rapidly perturb mitochondrial functions, leading to increased energy supply demands and to ROS/NOS production. Depending on the dose, this affects all types of cell constituents, including DNA, RNA, amino acids, proteins, and membranes, perturbing normal inner cell organization and function, and forcing cells to reorganize the intracellular metabolism and the network of organelles. The reorganization implies intracellular cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of important proteins, activation of autophagy, and mitophagy, as well as induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. It also includes reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism as well as genetic and epigenetic control of the expression of genes and proteins in order to ensure cell and tissue survival. At low doses of IR, directly irradiated cells may already exert non-targeted effects (NTE) involving the release of molecular mediators, such as radicals, cytokines, DNA fragments, small RNAs, and proteins (sometimes in the form of extracellular vehicles or exosomes), which can induce damage of unirradiated neighboring bystander or distant (abscopal) cells as well as immune responses. Such non-targeted effects (NTE) are contributing to low-dose phenomena, such as hormesis, adaptive responses, low-dose hypersensitivity, and genomic instability, and they are also promoting suppression and/or activation of immune cells. All of these are parts of the main defense systems of cells and tissues, including IR-induced innate and adaptive immune responses. The present review is focused on the prominent role of mitochondria in these processes, which are determinants of cell survival and anti-tumor RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
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2
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Chishti AA, Baumstark-Khan C, Nisar H, Hu Y, Konda B, Henschenmacher B, Spitta LF, Schmitz C, Feles S, Hellweg CE. The Use of ProteoTuner Technology to Study Nuclear Factor κB Activation by Heavy Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413530. [PMID: 34948324 PMCID: PMC8703744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation might be central to heavy ion-induced detrimental processes such as cancer promotion and progression and sustained inflammatory responses. A sensitive detection system is crucial to better understand its involvement in these processes. Therefore, a DD-tdTomato fluorescent protein-based reporter system was previously constructed with human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing DD-tdTomato as a reporter under the control of a promoter containing NF-κB binding sites (HEK-pNFκB-DD-tdTomato-C8). Using this reporter cell line, NF-κB activation after exposure to different energetic heavy ions (16O, 95 MeV/n, linear energy transfer—LET 51 keV/µm; 12C, 95 MeV/n, LET 73 keV/μm; 36Ar, 95 MeV/n, LET 272 keV/µm) was quantified considering the dose and number of heavy ions hits per cell nucleus that double NF-κB-dependent DD-tdTomato expression. Approximately 44 hits of 16O ions and ≈45 hits of 12C ions per cell nucleus were required to double the NF-κB-dependent DD-tdTomato expression, whereas only ≈3 hits of 36Ar ions were sufficient. In the presence of Shield-1, a synthetic molecule that stabilizes DD-tdTomato, even a single particle hit of 36Ar ions doubled NF-κB-dependent DD-tdTomato expression. In conclusion, stabilization of the reporter protein can increase the sensitivity for NF-κB activation detection by a factor of three, allowing the detection of single particle hits’ effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Chishti
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Hasan Nisar
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Lehtrar Road, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Yueyuan Hu
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bikash Konda
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Competence Center for Electromagnetic Fields (KEMF), Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Claudia Schmitz
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Sebastian Feles
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Gravitational Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany
| | - Christine E. Hellweg
- Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany; (A.A.C.); (C.B.-K.); (H.N.); (Y.H.); (B.K.); (B.H.); (L.F.S.); (C.S.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2203-601-3243
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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Liu C, Hirakawa H, Tanaka K, Mohd Saaya F, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Wang B. Reduction of Delayed Homologous Recombination by Induction of Radioadaptive Response in RaDR-GFP Mice (Yonezawa Effect): An Old Player With a New Role. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819833840. [PMID: 30858771 PMCID: PMC6402064 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819833840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) treats cancer effectively with high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) to killing cancer cells and shrinking tumors while bearing the risk of developing different side effects, including secondary cancer, which is most concerning for long-term health consequences. Genomic instability (GI) is a characteristic of most cancer cells, and IR-induced GI can manifest as delayed homologous recombination (HR). Radioadaptive response (RAR) is capable of reducing genotoxicity, cell transformation, mutation, and carcinogenesis, but the rational evidence describing its contributions to the reduction of radiation risk, in particular, carcinogenesis, remains fragmented. In this work, to investigate the impact of RAR on high-dose, IR-induced GI measured as delayed HR, the frequency of recombinant cells was comparatively studied under RAR-inducible and -uninducible conditions in the nucleated cells in hematopoietic tissues (bone marrow and spleen) using the Rosa26 Direct Repeat-green fluorescent protein (RaDR-GFP) homozygote mice. Results demonstrated that the frequency of recombinant cells was significantly lower in hematopoietic tissues under RAR-inducible condition. These findings suggest that reduction in delayed HR may be at least a part of the mechanisms underlying decreased carcinogenesis by RAR, and application of RAR would contribute to a more rigorous and scientifically grounded system of radiation protection in RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirakawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Ninomiya Y, Maruyama K, Varès G, Katsube T, Murakami M, Liu C, Fujimori A, Fujita K, Liu Q, Eguchi-Kasai K, Nenoi M. Increased Hematopoietic Stem Cells/Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Measured as Endogenous Spleen Colonies in Radiation-Induced Adaptive Response in Mice (Yonezawa Effect). Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818790152. [PMID: 30150909 PMCID: PMC6104214 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818790152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of radiation-induced adaptive response (AR) was reported in varied
biosystems. In mice, the first in vivo AR model was established using X-rays as
both the priming and the challenge doses and rescue of bone marrow death as the
end point. The underlying mechanism was due to the priming radiation-induced
resistance in the blood-forming tissues. In a series of investigations, we
further demonstrated the existence of AR using different types of ionizing
radiation (IR) including low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays and high LET
heavy ion. In this article, we validated hematopoietic stem cells/hematopoietic
progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs) measured as endogenous colony-forming units-spleen
(CFU-S) under AR inducible and uninducible conditions using combination of
different types of IR. We confirmed the consistency of increased CFU-S number
change with the AR inducible condition. These findings suggest that AR in mice
induced by different types of IR would share at least in part a common
underlying mechanism, the priming IR-induced resistance in the blood-forming
tissues, which would lead to a protective effect on the HSCs/HPCs and play an
important role in rescuing the animals from bone marrow death. These findings
provide a new insight into the mechanistic study on AR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouichi Maruyama
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Cuihua Liu
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiyomi Eguchi-Kasai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Cortese F, Klokov D, Osipov A, Stefaniak J, Moskalev A, Schastnaya J, Cantor C, Aliper A, Mamoshina P, Ushakov I, Sapetsky A, Vanhaelen Q, Alchinova I, Karganov M, Kovalchuk O, Wilkins R, Shtemberg A, Moreels M, Baatout S, Izumchenko E, de Magalhães JP, Artemov AV, Costes SV, Beheshti A, Mao XW, Pecaut MJ, Kaminskiy D, Ozerov IV, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Zhavoronkov A. Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14692-14722. [PMID: 29581875 PMCID: PMC5865701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreyan Osipov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Jakub Stefaniak
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Schastnaya
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Cantor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Computer Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Igor Ushakov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Sapetsky
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Alchinova
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Space Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karganov
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories, Ltd., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrey Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medical and Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Artem V. Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Laboratories, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Kaminskiy
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Deep Knowledge Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Solanki JH, Tritt T, Pasternack JB, Kim JJ, Leung CN, Domogauer JD, Colangelo NW, Narra VR, Howell RW. Cellular Response to Exponentially Increasing and Decreasing Dose Rates: Implications for Treatment Planning in Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Radiat Res 2017; 188:221-234. [PMID: 28541775 PMCID: PMC5669265 DOI: 10.1667/rr14766.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of cancer using targeted radionuclide therapy is of interest to nuclear medicine and radiation oncology because of its potential for killing tumor cells while minimizing dose-limiting toxicities to normal tissue. The ionizing radiations emitted by radiopharmaceuticals deliver radiation absorbed doses over protracted periods of time with continuously varying dose rates. As targeted radionuclide therapy becomes a more prominent part of cancer therapy, accurate models for estimating the biologically effective dose (BED) or equieffective dose (EQD2α/β) will become essential for treatment planning. This study examines the radiobiological impact of the dose rate increase half-time during the uptake phase of the radiopharmaceutical. MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were irradiated chronically with 662 keV γ rays delivered with time-varying dose rates that are clinically relevant. The temporal dose-rate patterns were: 1. acute, 2. exponential decrease with a half-time of 64 h (Td = 64 h), 3. initial exponential increase to a maximum (half time Ti = 2, 8 or 24 h) followed by exponential decrease (Td = 64 h). Cell survival assays were conducted and surviving fractions were determined. There was a marked reduction in biological effect when Ti was increased. Cell survival data were tested against existing dose-response models to assess their capacity to predict response. Currently accepted models that are used in radiation oncology overestimated BED and EQD2α/β at low-dose rates and underestimated them at high-dose rates. This appears to be caused by an adaptive response arising as a consequence of the initial low-dose-rate phase of exposure. An adaptive response function was derived that yields more accurate BED and EQD2α/β values over the spectrum of dose rates and absorbed doses delivered. Our experimental data demonstrate a marked increase in cell survival when the dose-rate-increase half-time is increased, thereby suggesting an adaptive response arising as a consequence of this phase of exposure. We have modified conventional radiobiological models used in the clinic for brachytherapy and external beams of radiation to account for this phenomenon and facilitate their use for treatment planning in targeted radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H. Solanki
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Thomas Tritt
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jordan B. Pasternack
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Julia J. Kim
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Calvin N. Leung
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jason D. Domogauer
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nicholas W. Colangelo
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Venkat R. Narra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Roger W. Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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8
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Shi X, Seymour C, Mothersill C. The effects of chronic, low doses of Ra-226 on cultured fish and human cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 148:303-309. [PMID: 27093471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the chronic low-dose radiation effects caused by α-particle radiation from (226)Ra over multiple cell generations in CHSE/F fish cells and HaCaT human cells. METHODS CHSE/F cells and HaCaT cells were cultured in medium containing (226)Ra to deliver the chronic low-dose α-particle radiation. Clonogenic assay was used to test the clonogenic survival fractions of cells with or without being exposed to radiation from (226)Ra. RESULTS The chronic low-dose radiation from (226)Ra does have effects on the clonogenic survival of CHSE/F cells and HaCaT cells. When CHSE/F cells were cultured in (226)Ra-medium over 9 passages for about 134 days, the clonogenic surviving fractions for cells irradiated at dose rates ranging from 0.00066 to 0.66mGy/d were significantly lower than that of cells sham irradiated. For HaCaT cells grown in medium containing the same range of (226)Ra activity, the clonogenic surviving fraction decreased at first and reached the lowest value at about 42 days (8 passages). After that, the clonogenic survival began to increase, and was significantly higher than that of control cells by the end of the experimental period. CONCLUSION The chronic, low-dose high LET radiation from (226)Ra can influence the clonogenic survival of irradiated cells. CHSE/F cells were sensitized by the radiation, and HaCaT cells were initially sensitized but later appeared to be adapted. The results could have implications for determining risk from chronic versus acute exposures to radium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Shi
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Carmel Mothersill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
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9
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Nenoi M, Wang B, Vares G. In vivo radioadaptive response: a review of studies relevant to radiation-induced cancer risk. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:272-83. [PMID: 24925363 PMCID: PMC4442823 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114537537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Radioadaptive response (RAR) describes phenomena where small conditioning doses of ionizing radiation (IR) reduce detrimental effects of subsequent higher IR doses. Current radiation protection regulations do not include RAR because of the large variability in expression among individuals and uncertainties of the mechanism. However, RAR should be regarded as an indispensable factor for estimation and control of individual IR sensitivity. In this article, RAR studies relevant to individual cancer risk are reviewed. Using various stains of mice, carcinogenic RAR has been demonstrated. Consistently much in vivo evidence for RAR with end points of DNA and chromosome damage is reported. Most in vivo RAR studies revealed efficient induction of RAR by chronic or repeated low-dose priming irradiation. Chronic IR-induced RAR was observed also in human individuals after environmental, occupational, and nuclear accident radiation exposure. These observations may be associated with an intrinsically distinct feature of in vivo experimental systems that mainly consist of nonproliferating mature cells. Alternatively, induction of RAR by gap junction-mediated bystander effects suggests that multicellular systems comprising densely communicating cells may be capable of responding to long-lasting low-dose-rate priming irradiation. Regulation by endocrine factors is also a plausible mechanism for RAR at an individual level. Emerging evidence suggests that glucocorticoids, known as stress hormones, participate in in vivo RAR induction following long-term low-dose-rate exposure to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nenoi
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - B Wang
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - G Vares
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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10
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Orbach DB, Stamoulis C, Strauss KJ, Manchester J, Smith ER, Scott RM, Lin N. Neurointerventions in children: radiation exposure and its import. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:650-6. [PMID: 24157736 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurointerventions in children have dramatically improved the clinical outlook for patients with previously intractable cerebrovascular conditions, such as vein of Galen malformations and complex arteriovenous fistulas. However, these complex and sometimes lengthy procedures are performed under fluoroscopic guidance and thus unavoidably expose vulnerable pediatric patients to the effects of ionizing radiation. Recent epidemiologic evidence from a national registry of children who underwent CT scans suggests a higher-than-expected incidence of secondary tumors. We sought to calculate the predicted risk of secondary tumors in a large cohort of pediatric neurointerventional patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed our cohort of pediatric neurointerventions, tabulated radiation dose delivered to the skin, and calculated the range of likely brain-absorbed doses by use of previously developed mathematical models. The predicted risk of secondary tumor development as a function of brain-absorbed dose in this cohort was then generated by use of the head CT registry findings. RESULTS Maximal skin dose and brain-absorbed doses in our cohort were substantially lower than have been previously described. However, we found 1) a statistically significant correlation between radiation dose and age at procedure, as well as number and type of procedures, and 2) a substantial increase in lifetime predicted risk of tumor above baseline in the cohort of young children who undergo neurointerventions. CONCLUSIONS Although neurointerventional procedures have dramatically improved the prognosis of children facing serious cerebrovascular conditions, the predicted risk of secondary tumors, particularly in the youngest patients and those undergoing multiple procedures, is sobering.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Orbach
- From the Division of Neurointerventional and Interventional Radiology (D.B.O., J.M.)
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11
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Ma S, Kong B, Liu B, Liu X. Biological effects of low-dose radiation from computed tomography scanning. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:326-33. [PMID: 23216318 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.756595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the widespread use of computed tomography (CT), the risks of low-dose radiation from CT have been increasingly highlighted. This study aims to illustrate the CT-induced biological effects and analyze the potential beneficial or harmful outcomes so as to provide radiologists with reasonable advice on CT usage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The related literature was analyzed according to the topics of stochastic effect, hereditary effect, deterministic effect, accumulative injuries, hormesis and adaptive response; population epidemiology data were also analyzed. RESULTS CT accounts for 9% of X-ray examinations and approximately 40-67% of medical-related radiation, the dose is within the range of low-dose radiation (LDR). Two opposite viewpoints exist nowadays regarding the biological effects of CT scanning: They are either harmful or harmless. Approximately 0.6% and 1.5% of the cumulative cancer risk could be attributed to diagnostic X-rays in the UK and Germany, respectively. The probability of CT scans induced-cancer is about 0.7% and CT angiography's risk is around 0.13%. It is estimated that approximately 29,000 cancers could be related to CT scans in the USA every year. Meanwhile, another investigation of 25,104 patients who underwent 45,632 CT scans in 4 years showed that the majority of CT-induced cancers were accidents rather than certainties of frequent CT scans. CONCLUSION Although the LDR effects of CT are still controversial, the current problems include the high frequency-use and abuse of CT scans, the increase of radiation dose and accumulative dose in high-accuracy CT, and the poor understanding of carcinogenic risks. The underlying biological basis needs further exploring and the ratio of risks and benefits should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Ninomiya Y, Maruyama K, VarèS G, Eguchi-Kasai K, Nenoi M. Relieved residual damage in the hematopoietic system of mice rescued by radiation-induced adaptive response (Yonezawa Effect). JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:45-51. [PMID: 22923746 PMCID: PMC3534278 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Existence of adaptive response (AR) was previously demonstrated in C57BL/6J mice. Irradiations were performed by delivering a priming low dose of X-rays (0.50 Gy) in combination with a challenge high dose of accelerated carbon or neon ion particles. AR was characterized by significantly decreased mortality in the 30-day survival test. This mouse AR model (‘Yonezawa Effect’) was originally established by using X-rays as both the priming and challenge irradiations. The underlying mechanism was due to radio-resistance occurring in blood-forming tissues. In this study, we verified the existence of AR and further investigated residual damage in the hematopoietic system in surviving animals. Results showed that the priming low dose of X-rays could relieve the detrimental effects on the hematopoietic system. We observed both an improvement in the blood platelet count and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to the sum of PCEs and normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) and a marked reduction of the incidences of micronucleated PCEs and micronucleated NCEs. These findings suggest that the priming low dose of low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays induced a protective effect on the hematopoietic system, which may play an important role in both rescue from acute lethal damage (mouse killing) and prevention of late detrimental consequences (residual anhematopoiesis and delayed genotoxic effects) caused by exposure to a high challenge dose from low-LET (X-ray) or high-LET (carbon and neon ion) irradiations. These findings provide new knowledge of the characterization of the Yonezawa Effect by providing new insight into the mechanistic study of AR in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +81-43-206-3093; Fax: +81-43-251-4582; (B. Wang); Tel: +81-43-206-3084; Fax: +81-43-255-6497; E-mail: (M. Nenoi)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +81-43-206-3093; Fax: +81-43-251-4582; (B. Wang); Tel: +81-43-206-3084; Fax: +81-43-255-6497; E-mail: (M. Nenoi)
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Wang B, Ninomiya Y, Tanaka K, Maruyama K, Varès G, Eguchi-Kasai K, Nenoi M. Adaptive response of low linear energy transfer X-rays for protection against high linear energy transfer accelerated heavy ion-induced teratogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 95:379-85. [PMID: 23109298 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive response (AR) of low linear energy transfer (LET) irradiations for protection against teratogenesis induced by high LET irradiations is not well documented. In this study, induction of AR by X-rays against teratogenesis induced by accelerated heavy ions was examined in fetal mice. METHODS Irradiations of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were performed by delivering a priming low dose from X-rays at 0.05 or 0.30 Gy on gestation day 11 followed one day later by a challenge high dose from either X-rays or accelerated heavy ions. Monoenergetic beams of carbon, neon, silicon, and iron with the LET values of about 15, 30, 55, and 200 keV/μm, respectively, were examined. Significant suppression of teratogenic effects (fetal death, malformation of live fetuses, or low body weight) was used as the endpoint for judgment of a successful AR induction. RESULTS Existence of AR induced by low-LET X-rays against teratogenic effect induced by high-LET accelerated heavy ions was demonstrated. The priming low dose of X-rays significantly reduced the occurrence of prenatal fetal death, malformation, and/or low body weight induced by the challenge high dose from either X-rays or accelerated heavy ions of carbon, neon or silicon but not iron particles. CONCLUSIONS Successful AR induction appears to be a radiation quality event, depending on the LET value and/or the particle species of the challenge irradiations. These findings would provide a new insight into the study on radiation-induced AR in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Radiation Risk Reduction Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Pernot E, Hall J, Baatout S, Benotmane MA, Blanchardon E, Bouffler S, El Saghire H, Gomolka M, Guertler A, Harms-Ringdahl M, Jeggo P, Kreuzer M, Laurier D, Lindholm C, Mkacher R, Quintens R, Rothkamm K, Sabatier L, Tapio S, de Vathaire F, Cardis E. Ionizing radiation biomarkers for potential use in epidemiological studies. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2012; 751:258-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rithidech KN, Lai X, Honikel L, Reungpatthanaphong P, Witzmann FA. Identification of proteins secreted into the medium by human lymphocytes irradiated in vitro with or without adaptive environments. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 102:39-53. [PMID: 22134077 PMCID: PMC3744879 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31822833af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to support the hypothesis of adaptive response, a phenomenon in which protection arises from a low-dose radiation (<0.1 Gy) against damage induced by subsequent exposure to high-dose radiation. The molecular mechanisms underlying such protection are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to fill this knowledge gap. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to characterize global protein expression profiles in the medium collected from human lymphocyte cultures given sham irradiation (0 Gy) or a priming low dose of 0.03 Gy 137Cs γ rays 4 h prior to a challenging dose of 1 Gy 137Cs γ rays. Adaptive response was determined by decreased micronucleus frequencies in lymphocytes receiving low dose irradiation prior to high dose irradiation compared to those receiving only high dose irradiation. Adaptive response was found in these experiments. Proteomic analysis of media revealed: (a) 55 proteins with similar abundance in both groups; (b) 23 proteins in both groups, but 7 of them were high abundance in medium with adaptive environment, while 16 high abundance proteins were in medium without adaptive environment; (c) 17 proteins in medium with adaptive environment only; and (d) 8 proteins in medium without adaptive environment only. The results provide a foundation for improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of low dose radiation that, in turn, will have an important impact on radiation risk estimation. Hence, these studies are highly relevant to radiation protection due to an increased use of low dose radiation in daily life (e.g., medical diagnosis or airport safety) or an unavoidable exposure to low level background radiation.
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Varès G, Wang B, Tanaka K, Kakimoto A, Eguchi-Kasai K, Nenoi M. Mutagenic adaptive response to high-LET radiation in human lymphoblastoid cells exposed to low doses of heavy-ion radiation. Mutat Res 2011; 712:49-54. [PMID: 21540043 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive response (AR) and bystander effect are two important phenomena involved in biological responses to low doses of ionizing radiation (IR). Furthermore, there is a strong interest in better understanding the biological effects of high-LET radiation. We previously demonstrated the ability of low doses of X-rays to induce an AR to challenging heavy-ion radiation [8]. In this study, we assessed in vitro the ability of priming low doses (0.01Gy) of heavy-ion radiation to induce a similar AR to a subsequent challenging dose (1-4Gy) of high-LET IR (carbon-ion: 20 and 40keV/μm, neon-ion: 150keV/μm) in TK6, AHH-1 and NH32 cells. Our results showed that low doses of high-LET radiation can induce an AR characterized by lower mutation frequencies at hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus and faster DNA repair kinetics, in cells expressing p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Varès
- Radiation Risk Reduction Research Program, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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