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Aslantürk ÖS. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of triphenyl phosphate on root tip cells of Allium cepa L. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105734. [PMID: 37981031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) is a tri-ester of phosphoric acid and phenol. It is used in products such as polyvinyl chloride, hydraulic fluids, polymers, photographic films and printed circuit cards as a flame retardant. It is also widely used in consumer products like electric and electronic devices, textiles and building necessaries. TPhP can diffuse into its surrounding environment easily, because it does not form a chemical bond with polymeric materials. Therefore, bio-monitoring of such compounds is needed for possible environmental and human health effects. In this study, we evaluated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of TPhP on Allium cepa on the cells of root tips. A 10 mg/mL stock solution of TPhP was dissolved in DMSO and dilutions of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/mL was made in distilled water. Onion bulbs, rooted in test tubes, were exposed to these concentrations of TPhP for 24 h. Distilled water was used as a negative control, 0.7% hydrogen peroxide was used as positive control, and 0.5% DMSO was used as solvent control. Significant inhibition of onion root growth was observed following treatment with the 6, 8 and 10 mg/mL TPhP ranges in comparison with the negative and solvent control groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in the TPhP treatment groups, total chromosome aberration ratios were significantly high in comparison with the controls (p < 0.05). These results suggest that TPhP have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Sultan Aslantürk
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Central Campus, 09010 Aydın, Turkey.
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Zheng X, Zou D, Wu Q, Wang H, Li S, Liu F, Xiao Z. Review on fate and bioavailability of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion and composting of animal manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:75-89. [PMID: 35809372 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion and composting are attracting increasing attention due to the increased production of animal manure. It is essential to know about the fate and bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) for further utilisation of animal manure. This review has systematically summarised the migration of HMs and the transformation of several typical HMs (Cu, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb) during anaerobic digestion and composting. The results showed that organic matter degradation increased the HMs content in biogas residue and compost (with the exception of As in compost). HMs migrated into biogas residue during anaerobic digestion through various mechanisms. Most of HMs in biogas residue and compost exceeded relevant standards. Then, anaerobic digestion increased the bioavailable fractions proportion in Zn and Cd, decreased the F4 proportion, and raised them more than moderate environmental risks. As (III) was the main species in the digester, which extremely increased As toxicity. The increase of F3 proportion in Cu and Pb was due to sulphide formation in biogas residue. Whereas, the high humus content in compost greatly increased the F3 proportion in Cu. The F1 proportion in Zn decreased, but the plant availability of Zn in compost did not reduce significantly. Cd and As mainly converted the bioavailable fractions into stable fractions during composting, but As (V) toxicity needs to be concerned. Moreover, additives are only suitable for animal manure treated with slightly HM contaminated. Therefore, it is necessary to combine more comprehensive methods to improve the manure treatment and make product utilisation safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingdan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
| | - Shuhui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
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Anaerobic Digestate from Biogas Plants—Nuisance Waste or Valuable Product? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12084052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biogas production in waste-to-energy plants will support the decarbonization of the energy sector and enhance the EU’s energy transformation efforts. Digestates (DG) formed during the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes contain large amounts of nutrients. Their use for plant fertilization allows for diversifying and increasing the economic efficiency of farming activities. However, to avoid regional production surpluses, processing technologies allowing the acquisition of products that can be transported over long distances are required. This study therefore aimed at determining the effect of applied methods of DG treatment on the chemical composition of the resulting products and their effect on the yields and chemical composition of plants. The following digestate-based products (DGBPs) were tested: two different digestates (DGs), their liquid (LF) and solid fractions (SF) and pellets from DGs (PDG), and pellets form SFs (PSF). Results from the experiment show that during SF/LF separation of DGs, >80% of nitrogen and 87% of potassium flows to LFs, whereas >60% of phosphorus and 70% of magnesium flows to SFs. The highest yields were obtained using untreated DGs and LFs. The application of DGs and LFs was not associated with a leaching of nutrients to the environment (apparent nutrients recovery from these products exceeded 100%). Pelletized DG and SF forms can be used as slow-release fertilizer, although their production leads to significant nitrogen losses (>95%) by ammonia volatilization.
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Abdelsalam NR, Abdel-Megeed A, Ghareeb RY, Ali HM, Salem MZ, Akrami M, Al-Hayalif MF, Desoky ESM. Genotoxicity assessment of amino zinc nanoparticles in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as cytogenetical perspective. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2306-2313. [PMID: 35531222 PMCID: PMC9073051 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using and impact of nanoparticles in agriculture. Genotoxicity of nanoparticles in plant. Effect of commercial amino zinc nanoparticles on cell division. The harmful effect of commercial amino zinc nanoparticles in chromosomal structure.
Nanoparticles have a positive impact in several subjects especially in agriculture, while their safety is still being debated. Numerous commercial nano pesticide, insecticides, and fertilizers products are found in the local markets without any intensely studies on the side effect of these products on plant, human as well as environmental effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of commercial amino zinc nanoparticles (AZ NPs) on Triticum aestivum L. during seeds germination and root elongation using concentration ranges (50, 100, and 150 ppm) at different exposure times (8, 16 and 24 hrs). Long term exposure to AZ NPs, exhibited only slight variation in germination rates and the elongation of roots was affected by AZ NPs treatment ranged from 97.66 to 100%. Significant reduction in the mitotic index was 35.33% after 24 hrs and 150 ppm of AZ NPs, was also observed comparing with control which was 88.0%. Genotoxicity was evaluated at a cytological level in root meristems that revealed sever variations in mitotic activity, chromosomal aberrations, and micronuclei release. Results exhibited that nano amino zinc could enter effortlessly into the cells and inhibit the normal cellular function. The decrease in the emergence of chromosomal aberrations resulting from AZ NPs exposure in a dose-dependent manner was clearly indicated that AZ NPs has induced genotoxic effect on wheat root tips.
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Andreola F, Barbieri L, Queiroz Soares B, Karamanov A, Schabbach LM, Bernardin AM, Pich CT. Toxicological analysis of ceramic building materials - Tiles and glasses - Obtained from post-treated bottom ashes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 98:50-57. [PMID: 31430700 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Italy, the production of bottom ash from waste incineration was estimated as 1.6 million tons/year, corresponding to 30% of the total input waste. The bottom ash is mainly formed by SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O and low amount of heavy metals, therefore it cannot be considered a 'non-hazardous' waste. In this context, the aim of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the sintering and vitrification techniques to turn bottom ash into an inert ceramic or glass matrix using toxicological tests. The bottom ash from a municipal solid waste facility was ground and used in ceramic tile and glass compositions. After sintering of the ceramic tiles and melting of the glass compositions, the samples were characterized by leachability and toxicological analyzes. Living organisms were used in the toxicological tests, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (Agar Diffusion Test), Artemia sp. (Acute Toxicity Test) and Lactuca sativa (germination) and the results were compared with the plasmid DNA test. Regarding the leachability results, the ceramic tile samples showed a concentration of Cu slightly above the limit determined by the D.M. 5/4/2006 directive and, therefore, could not be considered an inert material. Regarding the toxicological tests, the bottom ash alone is mutagenic, but this effect is avoided once the ash is immobilized into the glasses and ceramic tiles, as demonstrated by the results reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Andreola
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari", Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa Barbieri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria "Enzo Ferrari", Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vignolese 905, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Bárbara Queiroz Soares
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Energy and Sustainability, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda 3201, 88906-072, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Alexander Karamanov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev Str. Block 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Luciana M Schabbach
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Engineering, Materials Engineering, 89065-300 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriano M Bernardin
- Ceramic Materials Group, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Avenida Universitária 1105, 88806-000 Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Claus T Pich
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Energy and Sustainability, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda 3201, 88906-072, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Cadavid-Vargas JF, Villa-Pérez C, Ruiz MC, León IE, Valencia-Uribe GC, Soria DB, Etcheverry SB, Di Virgilio AL. 6-Methoxyquinoline complexes as lung carcinoma agents: induction of oxidative damage on A549 monolayer and multicellular spheroid model. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:271-285. [PMID: 30701359 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the antitumor effects and the mechanisms of toxic action of a series of 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) complexes in vitro. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (Cu6MQ and Zn6MQ) are formulated as M(6MQ)2Cl2; the Co(II) and Ag(I) compounds (Co6MQ and Ag6MQ) are ionic with formulae [Ag(6MQ)2]+NO3- and H(6MQ)+[Co(6MQ)Cl3]- (where H(6MQ)+ is the protonated ligand). We found that the copper complex, outperformed the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with a lower IC50 (57.9 µM) in A549 cells exposed for 24 h. Cu6MQ decreased cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress detected with H2DCFDA at 40 µM, which reduces GSH/GSSG ratio. This redox imbalance induced oxidative DNA damage revealed by the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay, which turned into a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In multicellular spheroids, the IC50 values tripled the monolayer model (187.3 µM for 24 h). At this concentration, the proportion of live/dead cells diminished, and the spheroids could not proliferate or invade. Although Zn6MQ also decreased GSH/GSSG ratio from 200 µM and the cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress, the induction of the hydrogen peroxide levels only doubled the control value. Zn6MQ induced S phase arrest, which relates with the increased micronucleus frequency and with the induction of necrosis. Finally, our results reveal a synergistic activity with a 1:1 ratio of both complexes in the monolayer and multicellular spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cadavid-Vargas
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Villa-Pérez
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M C Ruiz
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I E León
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - G C Valencia-Uribe
- GIAFOT, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D B Soria
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S B Etcheverry
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A L Di Virgilio
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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Šiukšta R, Bondzinskaitė S, Kleizaitė V, Žvingila D, Taraškevičius R, Mockeliūnas L, Stapulionytė A, Mak K, Čėsnienė T. Response of Tradescantia plants to oxidative stress induced by heavy metal pollution of soils from industrial areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:44-61. [PMID: 30276686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous investigations have demonstrated that even soil in which concentrations of individual elements do not exceed permissible limits can cause harmful effects in living organisms. In the present study, polluted-soil-induced oxidative stress was evaluated using Tradescantia clone 4430, which is widely used for genotoxicity evaluations, employing biochemical (superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of ascorbic acid (AA), carotenoids (Car), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio), and molecular (RAPD and differential display (DD-PCR)) markers after long-term exposure. The activity (staining intensity) of SOD isoforms in Tradescantia leaves was higher in plants grown in all heavy-metal-polluted test soils compared to the control. No direct link between the soil pollution category and the contents of AA, Car, Chl a/b in Tradescantia leaves was revealed, but the concentration of H2O2 was shown to be a sensitive biochemical indicator that may appropriately reflect the soil contamination level. Both short-term (treatment of cuttings with H2O extracts of soil) and long-term (0.5 and 1.0 year) exposure increased MN frequencies, but the coincidence of the MN induction and the soil pollution level was observed only in some cases of long-term exposure. Soil (geno)toxin-induced polymorphism in the RAPD profile was determined with two primers in plants after long-term exposure to soils of an extremely hazard category. Transcript profiling of plants after long-term cultivation in test soils using DD-PCR showed that the majority of differentially expressed transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) were homologous to genes directly or indirectly participating in photosynthesis, the abiotic stress response, and signal transduction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondas Šiukšta
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
- Botanical Garden of Vilnius University, Kairėnai Str. 43, LT-10239, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Skaistė Bondzinskaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Kleizaitė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Žvingila
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ričardas Taraškevičius
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Geology and Geography, Akademija Str. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laurynas Mockeliūnas
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Stapulionytė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Mak
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tatjana Čėsnienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekis Ave. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Anjum R, Grohmann E, Krakat N. Anaerobic digestion of nitrogen rich poultry manure: Impact of thermophilic biogas process on metal release and microbial resistances. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:1637-1647. [PMID: 27932039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poultry manure is a nitrogen rich fertilizer, which is usually recycled and spread on agricultural fields. Due to its high nutrient content, chicken manure is considered to be one of the most valuable animal wastes as organic fertilizer. However, when chicken litter is applied in its native form, concerns are raised as such fertilizers also include high amounts of antibiotic resistant pathogenic Bacteria and heavy metals. We studied the impact of an anaerobic thermophilic digestion process on poultry manure. Particularly, microbial antibiotic resistance profiles, mobile genetic elements promoting the resistance dissemination in the environment as well as the presence of heavy metals were focused in this study. The initiated heat treatment fostered a community shift from pathogenic to less pathogenic bacterial groups. Phenotypic and molecular studies demonstrated a clear reduction of multiple resistant pathogens and self-transmissible plasmids in the heat treated manure. That treatment also induced a higher release of metals and macroelements. Especially, Zn and Cu exceeded toxic thresholds. Although the concentrations of a few metals reached toxic levels after the anaerobic thermophilic treatment, the quality of poultry manure as organic fertilizer may raise significantly due to the elimination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and self-transmissible plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Anjum
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Dept. Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grohmann
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niclas Krakat
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bio-Economy Potsdam, Dept. Bioengineering, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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Simujide H, Aorigele C, Wang CJ, Zhang TH, Manda B. Evaluation of calcium cyanamide addition during co-composting of manure and maize straw in a forced-aeration static-pile system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 27800167 PMCID: PMC5080734 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-016-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Composting is one of the most environmentally friendly treatments to inactivate pathogenic organisms or reduce them to acceptable levels. However, even under thermal conditions, some pathogenic organisms such as E. coli could exist for a long time in composting. Such great persistence may increase the possibility of outbreaks of these organisms and further increase the environmental load. Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) has recently been recognized to have the fungicidal effect on the pathogens of the soilborne diseases. So, the present study determined the effect of CaCN2 addition on composting progress as an antimicrobial agent and an amendment during forced-aeration static-pile composting of cow manure, which was mainly aimed to inhibit the pathogens that had not been inactivated by heat during composting. METHODS The mixtures of dairy cow manure and maize straw with addition of 2 % CaCN2 or no addition were composted for 63 days. The physical, chemical and biological changes in compost mixtures were examined during composting. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA procedure from SAS software (version 9.0). RESULTS The results showed that the addition of CaCN2 significantly increased the maximum temperature and lengthened the duration of the thermophilic phase, and increased the percent T-N but decreased C/N ratio. For microbiological test, the addition of CaCN2 shortened the time to inactivate E. coli, and increased the total average population of thermophilic bacteria but did not significantly influence that of mesophilic bacteria. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the addition of CaCN2, at least at the additive content of 2 % could benefit the thermophilic phase and the composting could quickly reach the sanitary standard during the composting of manure with maize straw in a forced-aeration static-pile system. This finding will contribute to solve the feces disposal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasai Simujide
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhaowuda road, 306, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Aorigele
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhaowuda road, 306, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhaowuda road, 306, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Tian-Hua Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhaowuda road, 306, 010018 Hohhot, China
| | - Bai Manda
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Zhaowuda road, 306, 010018 Hohhot, China
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Anjum R, Sebök S, Krakat N. Thermophilic (55°C) and moderately hyperthermophilic (65°C) fermentation of poultry manure triggers release of high heavy metal concentrations leading to enhanced genotoxicity. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Anjum
- Department of Bioengineering; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V; Potsdam Germany
| | - Stefan Sebök
- Department of Bioengineering; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V; Potsdam Germany
| | - Niclas Krakat
- Department of Bioengineering; Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V; Potsdam Germany
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11
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Iqbal M. Vicia faba bioassay for environmental toxicity monitoring: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:785-802. [PMID: 26414739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants are recognized as excellent genetic models to detect cytogenetic and mutagenic agents and are frequently used in environmental monitoring studies. Vicia faba (V. faba) bioassay have been used to study DNA damages i.e., chromosomal and nuclear aberrations induced by metallic compounds, pesticides, complex mixtures, petroleum derivates, toxins, nanoparticles and industrial effluents. The main advantages of using V. faba is its availability round the year, economical to use, easy to grow and handle; its use does not require sterile conditions, rate of cell division is fast, chromosomes are easy to score, less expensive and more sensitive as compared to other short-term tests that require pre-preparations. The V. faba test offers evaluation of different endpoints and tested agents can be classified as cytotoxic/genotoxic/mutagenic. This test also provides understanding about mechanism of action, whether the tested agent is clastogenic or aneugenic in nature. In view of advantages offered by V. faba test system, it is used extensively to assess toxic agents and has been emerged as an important bioassay for ecotoxicological studies. Based on the applications of V. faba test to assess the environmental quality, this article offers an overview of this test system and its efficiency in assessing the cytogenetic and mutagenic agents in different classes of the environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Iqbal
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
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12
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Dou J, Jin Y, Li Y, Wu B, Li M. Potential genotoxicity and risk assessment of a chlorinated flame retardant, Dechlorane Plus. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:462-466. [PMID: 25585867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardants that is globally ubiquitous. It is a potentially persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and an environmental toxin. However, the toxicity data is still limited and cannot provide a comprehensive environmental ecological risk assessment for DP. In this study, luminous bacteria, Vicia faba and Tetrahymena thermophila were chosen as testing organisms to investigate the acute toxicity and mutagenicity of DP. The concentration gradient of DP used in this study was chosen based on its environmental levels (experiments of luminous bacteria: 0.591, 2.95, 14.8, 73.8, 369 μg L(-1); micronucleus tests: 2.4, 12, 60, 300, 1500 μg L(-1); comet assay: 2.4, 12, 60, 300, 1500 μg L(-1)). For luminous bacteria, the relative luminosities were around 100% in treated groups, which suggested that there is no acute toxicity to luminous bacteria under the studied DP concentrations. The micronucleus test showed no significant difference between treatment and control groups, indicating no genotoxicity of DP. However the comet assay conducted with T. thermophila was relatively sensitive as there was a significant increase in DNA damage when the concentrations of DP increased from 300 to 1500 μg L(-1), while the lower concentrations failed to show any treatment-related differences. Therefore, DP may pose a potential risk at concentration⩾300 μg L(-1). The results provide scientific information on the ecological risk assessment of DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Anjum NA, Singh HP, Khan MIR, Masood A, Per TS, Negi A, Batish DR, Khan NA, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I. Too much is bad--an appraisal of phytotoxicity of elevated plant-beneficial heavy metal ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3361-82. [PMID: 25408077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) are considered essential/beneficial for optimal plant growth, development, and productivity. However, these ions readily impact functions of many enzymes and proteins, halt metabolism, and exhibit phytotoxicity at supra-optimum supply. Nevertheless, the concentrations of these heavy metal ions are increasing in agricultural soils worldwide via both natural and anthropogenic sources that need immediate attention. Considering recent breakthroughs on Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn in soil-plant system, the present paper: (a) overviews the status in soils and their uptake, transport, and significance in plants; (b) critically discusses their elevated level-mediated toxicity to both plant growth/development and cell/genome; (c) briefly cross talks on the significance of potential interactions between previous plant-beneficial heavy metal ions in plants; and (d) highlights so far unexplored aspects in the current context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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Goswami P, Thirunavukkarasu S, Godhantaraman N, Munuswamy N. Monitoring of genotoxicity in marine zooplankton induced by toxic metals in Ennore estuary, Southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 88:70-80. [PMID: 25287225 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study provides preliminary in-situ data on genetic integrity of marine zooplankton. Paracalanus parvus, Oithona rigida and Euterpina acutifrons were collected during four different seasons (summer, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) from 2011 to 2012 in Ennore and Kovalum estuaries. DNA damage levels in different zooplankton were analyzed by comet assay and were correlated with different environmental stressors. Spatial and temporal variations in DNA damage was observed in all the species. Zooplankton from Ennore estuary showed significantly lower genetic integrity. Particulate, sediment, and zooplankton fractions of Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr and Co were associated with high DNA damage during the period of lowest pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Zn and Cd showed lower genotoxic impact than the other metals. Feeding modes strongly influenced the genetic integrity in the zooplankton species studied. These results support the use of comet assay as a tool in effectively monitoring genotoxicity in marine plankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Goswami
- Unit of Aquaculture and Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Subramani Thirunavukkarasu
- Unit of Aquaculture and Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | | | - Natesan Munuswamy
- Unit of Aquaculture and Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India.
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Dhyèvre A, Foltête AS, Aran D, Muller S, Cotelle S. Effects of soil pH on the Vicia-micronucleus genotoxicity assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 774:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Guo D, Ma J, Su W, Xie B, Guo C. Contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to genotoxicity of nitrobenzene on V. faba. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:657-664. [PMID: 24676937 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzene is an important organic intermediate widely used in industry that can be hazardous to the environment. In our previous study, nitrobenzene showed genotoxic effect on soybean and tobacco plants at concentrations in the culture medium higher than 10 mg/L. The genotoxicity of nitrobenzene has been hypothesized to be multifactorial and reflective of the generation of free radicals; however, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the induction of genotoxicity and the production of free radicals in young seedlings of V. faba exposed to nitrobenzene, nitrobenzene + Vitamin C, and the controls (distilled water or Vitamin C). Micronucleus and chromosome aberration assays performed on root and leaf tissue of V. faba seedlings exposed to nitrobenzene (25 mg/L) demonstrated genotoxic effects which were partly reduced by Vitamin C at 25 mg/L. Increases in lipid peroxidase, O2•-, H2O2, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were also observed in these tissues along with an attenuation of their induction by Vitamin C. Concomitant occurrence of genotoxicity and the generation of free radicals that are attenuated in the presence of Vitamin C, a scavenger of cellular free radicals, indicate that reactive oxygen species may contributes to genotoxicity of nitrobenzene in V. faba. These results are valuable for further understanding the genotoxicity mechanism of nitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Shahid M, Pourrut B, Dumat C, Nadeem M, Aslam M, Pinelli E. Heavy-metal-induced reactive oxygen species: phytotoxicity and physicochemical changes in plants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 232:1-44. [PMID: 24984833 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06746-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the industrial revolution, anthropogenic activities have enhanced there distribution of many toxic heavy metals from the earth's crust to different environmental compartments. Environmental pollution by toxic heavy metals is increasing worldwide, and poses a rising threat to both the environment and to human health.Plants are exposed to heavy metals from various sources: mining and refining of ores, fertilizer and pesticide applications, battery chemicals, disposal of solid wastes(including sewage sludge), irrigation with wastewater, vehicular exhaust emissions and adjacent industrial activity.Heavy metals induce various morphological, physiological, and biochemical dysfunctions in plants, either directly or indirectly, and cause various damaging effects. The most frequently documented and earliest consequence of heavy metal toxicity in plants cells is the overproduction of ROS. Unlike redox-active metals such as iron and copper, heavy metals (e.g, Pb, Cd, Ni, AI, Mn and Zn) cannot generate ROS directly by participating in biological redox reactions such as Haber Weiss/Fenton reactions. However, these metals induce ROS generation via different indirect mechanisms, such as stimulating the activity of NADPH oxidases, displacing essential cations from specific binding sites of enzymes and inhibiting enzymatic activities from their affinity for -SH groups on the enzyme.Under normal conditions, ROS play several essential roles in regulating the expression of different genes. Reactive oxygen species control numerous processes like the cell cycle, plant growth, abiotic stress responses, systemic signalling, programmed cell death, pathogen defence and development. Enhanced generation of these species from heavy metal toxicity deteriorates the intrinsic antioxidant defense system of cells, and causes oxidative stress. Cells with oxidative stress display various chemical,biological and physiological toxic symptoms as a result of the interaction between ROS and biomolecules. Heavy-metal-induced ROS cause lipid peroxidation, membrane dismantling and damage to DNA, protein and carbohydrates. Plants have very well-organized defense systems, consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation processes. The primary defense mechanism for heavy metal detoxification is the reduced absorption of these metals into plants or their sequestration in root cells.Secondary heavy metal tolerance mechanisms include activation of antioxidant enzymes and the binding of heavy metals by phytochelatins, glutathione and amino acids. These defense systems work in combination to manage the cascades of oxidative stress and to defend plant cells from the toxic effects of ROS.In this review, we summarized the biochemiCal processes involved in the over production of ROS as an aftermath to heavy metal exposure. We also described the ROS scavenging process that is associated with the antioxidant defense machinery.Despite considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of ROS overproduction and scavenging, we still lack in-depth studies on the parameters associated with heavy metal exclusion and tolerance capacity of plants. For example, data about the role of glutathione-glutaredoxin-thioredoxin system in ROS detoxification in plant cells are scarce. Moreover, how ROS mediate glutathionylation (redox signalling)is still not completely understood. Similarly, induction of glutathione and phytochelatins under oxidative stress is very well reported, but it is still unexplained that some studied compounds are not involved in the detoxification mechanisms. Moreover,although the role of metal transporters and gene expression is well established for a few metals and plants, much more research is needed. Eventually, when results for more metals and plants are available, the mechanism of the biochemical and genetic basis of heavy metal detoxification in plants will be better understood. Moreover, by using recently developed genetic and biotechnological tools it may be possible to produce plants that have traits desirable for imparting heavy metal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Ma J, Guo D, Su W, Wang D, Guo C. Evaluation of phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of nitrobenzene with a battery of Vicia faba assay system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1426-1432. [PMID: 23423993 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrobenzene (NB) is an important organic compound intermediate that is used widely in industry. In the present study, to evaluate the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of NB on plants, Vicia faba was exposed to increasing concentrations of NB (5 mg L(-1) , 10 mg L(-1) , 25 mg L(-1) , 50 mg L(-1) , and 100 mg L(-1) ). The data revealed that germination rate and radicle length of V. faba seedlings were promoted by low NB concentrations and short exposure periods, whereas these parameters were inhibited at greater NB concentrations and longer exposures. When assessed by mitotic index, micronucleus, and chromosomal aberration assays, NB showed dose-dependent genotoxicity at 0 mg L(-1) to 50 mg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Andrade-Vieira LF, de Campos JMS, Davide LC. Effects of Spent Pot Liner on mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content in meristematic cells of Allium cepa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 107:140-146. [PMID: 22634111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Industrial waste usually contains complex mixtures of mutagenic chemicals. Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is a complex solid waste from the aluminum industry, which is composed of organics, fluoride salts, inorganic cyanides, metals, and sodium. Due to the toxicity of these compounds, this study sought to use cytogenetics and flow cytometry to assess the effects of SPL on cell cycle parameters and DNA content in meristematic cells of Allium cepa. Three concentrations of leachates from SPL-soil mixtures were used for the study: 0, 10, and 25%. Roots were collected and analyzed after 4, 8, 12, 24, and 36 h of exposure to the above SPL leachates. The results showed an overall mitodepressive effect accompanied by an increased percentage of condensed nuclei and genomic instability as evidenced by the presence of cellular/chromosomal abnormalities. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling revealed nuclei with fragmented DNA, a marker of programmed cell death. This study also addressed the question of reversibility of the effects of SPL and found that 36 h of exposure to 25% SPL seemed to be the point at which the effects on the induction of apoptosis became irreversible.
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Kaparaju P, Rintala J, Oikari A. Agricultural potential of anaerobically digested industrial orange waste with and without aerobic post-treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2012; 33:85-94. [PMID: 22519091 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.551839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of anaerobically digested orange waste with (AAD) and without (AD) aerobic post-treatment for use in agriculture was evaluated through chemical analyses, short-term phytotoxicity and long-term plant assays. Chemical analyses showed that AD contained ammonia and organic acids, and aerobic post-treatment did not significantly remove these phytotoxins. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio in AD was 1:0.26:0.96 and aerobic post-treatment did not change the composition in AAD except for K2O (1:0.26:1.24). Heavy metal contents in AD and AAD were more or less the same and were below the upper limit recommended for non-sewage sludge application on agricultural soils. Short-term phytotoxicity tests showed that seed germination and root elongation of Chinese cabbage and ryegrass were severely inhibited at digestate concentrations of 60-100%. Germination index values were well below the score of 50% required to indicate the phytotoxic-free nature of compost. Long-term plant assays showed that AD and AAD, when supplemented with a base fertilizer, resulted in higher plant growth, and fresh weight and dry matter production than AD without base fertilizer. The results thus indicate that aerobic post-treatment did not have any significant beneficial effect on reducing phytotoxicity, and AD could be used as such on agricultural soils, especially with high P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Kaparaju
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, University of Jyväskylä, FI 40014, Finland
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Yu J, Ho WT, Lu HM, Yang YF. Study on water quality and genotoxicity of surface microlayer and subsurface water in Guangzhou section of Pearl River. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 174:681-692. [PMID: 20454847 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the water quality and the genotoxicity of various surfaces in the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River during January to December of 2008, we investigated and studied the current water situation of the surface microlayer (SML) and the subsurface water (SSW) in Guanzhou section (Zhongda Dock and Yuzhu Dock) of the Pearl River by chemical analysis and biological monitoring method (Vicia faba micronucleus test). The results showed that during these months concentrations of the indexes of the two docks water such as total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded the national III level of surface water quality, and the indexes of SML were much higher than the ones of SSW (P< 0.05), and the exceeding rate of TN, TP of SML was 100%. According to the eutrophic evaluation standard, the water bodies of SML and SSW in the two docks were in a eutrophication during these months. The eutrophication and pollution of SML was more serious, and the highest index of eutrophication (E value) was up to 81.9, which also had obvious difference with COD and TP (P< 0.05). The water of SML in the two docks enriched to N, P, and chlorophyll a (Chl. a) seriously, and the enrichment factor of SML in Zhongda Dock to N, P, and Chl. a was 0.71 ∼ 2.78, 0.98 ∼ 1.18, and 0.49 ∼ 13.99, respectively, and the one in the Yuzhu Dock was 1.09 ∼ 1.52, 1 ∼ 1.14, and 0.72 ∼ 4.07, respectively. Through inspecting the water genotoxicity of various layers by V. faba micronucleus test, we could know that the average annual MCN ‰ of SML and SSW in the two docks was 6.09 ‰, 5.53 ‰, 5.57 ‰, and 5.249 ‰, respectively. In general, the above value of SML was a little higher than the one of SSW, but there was not a remarkable difference (P> 0.05). This research shows that the water quality in a medium to heavy eutrophication in the Guangzhou section of Pearl River belongs to national III ∼ IV level, and SML has the capability of enrichment to the pollutants such as N and P and induces the increase of micronucleus rate of V. faba tip cell. The study also indicates that there may be genotoxicity matters such as N, P in water body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
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Shahid M, Pinelli E, Pourrut B, Silvestre J, Dumat C. Lead-induced genotoxicity to Vicia faba L. roots in relation with metal cell uptake and initial speciation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:78-84. [PMID: 20851467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Formation of organometallic complexes in soil solution strongly influence metals phytoavailability. However, only few studies deal with the influence of metal speciation both on plant uptake and genotoxicity. In the present study, Vicia faba seedlings were exposed for 6h in controlled hydroponic conditions to 5 μM of lead nitrate alone and chelated to varying degrees by different organic ligands. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid were, respectively, chosen as models of humic substances and low weight organic acids present in natural soil solutions. Visual Minteq software was used to estimate free lead cations concentration and ultimately to design the experimental layout. For all experimental conditions, both micronucleus test and measure of lead uptake by plants were finally performed. Chelation of Pb by EDTA, a strong chelator, dose-dependently increased the uptake in V. faba roots while its genotoxicity was significantly reduced, suggesting a protective role of EDTA. A weak correlation was observed between total lead concentration absorbed by roots and genotoxicity (r(2)=0.65). In contrast, a strong relationship (r(2)=0.93) exists between Pb(2+) concentration in exposure media and genotoxicity in the experiment performed with EDTA. Citric acid induced labile organometallic complexes did not demonstrate any significant changes in lead genotoxicity or uptake. These results demonstrate that metal speciation knowledge could improve the interpretation of V. faba genotoxicity test performed to test soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Marcato CE, Pinelli E, Cecchi M, Winterton P, Guiresse M. Bioavailability of Cu and Zn in raw and anaerobically digested pig slurry. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:1538-44. [PMID: 19200597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The impact of anaerobic digestion on the bioavailability of copper and zinc from pig slurry was assessed. Both chemical and biological approaches were used independently on raw slurry (RS) and anaerobically digested pig slurry (DS). This work, using ultracentrifugation pellets from the same pig slurry before and after an anaerobic treatment, confirmed that Cu and Zn behave differently in terms of bioavailability, and contrasting results were obtained by chemical and biological assessments. A chemical approach combined a preliminary study of the pH effect on particulate/dissolved metal partitioning, sequential extraction, and biochemical fractionation. This approach tended to show a lower mobility of metals from digested slurry (DS). A biological approach was carried out with Zea mays and Vicia faba to study Cu and Zn uptake in soil amended with RS or DS. This assay could not differentiate the two slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Emmanuelle Marcato
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle EcoLab, UMR 5245 CNRS-UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse, Auzeville-Tolosane, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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