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Pham ND, Nguyen THN, Vu NBD, Tran TNM, Pham BN, Le HS, Vo KH, Le XC, Tran LBH, Nguyen MH. Comparison of the radioprotective effects of the liposomal forms of five natural radioprotectants in alleviating the adverse effects of ionising irradiation on human lymphocytes and skin cells in radiotherapy. J Microencapsul 2023; 40:613-629. [PMID: 37815151 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2268705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the radioprotective effects of liposomes encapsulating curcumin (Lip-CUR), silibinin (Lip-SIL), α-tocopherol (Lip-TOC), quercetin (Lip-QUE) and resveratrol (Lip-RES) in alleviating the adverse effects of ionising irradiation on human lymphoctyes and skin cells in radiotherapy. Liposomes encapsulating the above natural radioprotectants (Lip-NRPs) were prepared by the film hydration method combined with sonication. Their radioprotective effects for the cells against X-irradiation was evaluated using trypan-blue assay and γ-H2AX assay. All prepared Lip-NRPs had a mean diameter less than 240 nm, polydispersity index less than 0.32, and zeta potential more than -23 mV. Among them, the radioprotective effect of Lip-RES was lowest, while that of Lip-QUE was highest. Lip-SIL also exhibited a high radioprotective effect despite its low DPPH-radical scavenging activity (12.9%). The radioprotective effects of Lip-NRPs do not solely depend on the free radical scavenging activity of NRPs but also on their ability to activate cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Duy Pham
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | | | - Ngoc-Bich-Dao Vu
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Ngoc-Mai Tran
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Ngoc Pham
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Hoang-Sinh Le
- VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Kim-Hai Vo
- Department of Health of Lam-Dong Province, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Xuan-Cuong Le
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
| | - Le-Bao-Ha Tran
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Minh-Hiep Nguyen
- Center of Radiation Technology and Biotechnology, Nuclear Research Institute, Da Lat, Vietnam
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Prades-Sagarra È, Yaromina A, Dubois LJ. Polyphenols as Potential Protectors against Radiation-Induced Adverse Effects in Patients with Thoracic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092412. [PMID: 37173877 PMCID: PMC10177176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the standard treatment approaches used against thoracic cancers, occasionally combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. However, these cancers are often not highly sensitive to standard of care treatments, making the use of high dose radiotherapy necessary, which is linked with high rates of radiation-induced adverse effects in healthy tissues of the thorax. These tissues remain therefore dose-limiting factors in radiation oncology despite recent technological advances in treatment planning and delivery of irradiation. Polyphenols are metabolites found in plants that have been suggested to improve the therapeutic window by sensitizing the tumor to radiotherapy, while simultaneously protecting normal cells from therapy-induced damage by preventing DNA damage, as well as having anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. This review focuses on the radioprotective effect of polyphenols and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in the normal tissue, especially in the lung, heart and esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Èlia Prades-Sagarra
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ala Yaromina
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals, which occur naturally in plants and possess both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties. Flavonoids are gaining increasing popularity in the pharmaceutical industry as healthy and cost-effective compounds. Flavonoids show beneficial pharmacological activities in the treatment and prevention of various types of diseases. They are natural and less toxic agents for cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy via regulation of multiple cell signaling pathways and pro-oxidant effects. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of selected flavonoids, and their pharmacological implications and potential therapeutic applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaushala Prasad Mishra
- Ex Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Foundation for Education and Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Tran VN, Viktorova J, Augustynkova K, Jelenova N, Dobiasova S, Rehorova K, Fenclova M, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Vitek L, Hajslova J, Ruml T. In Silico and In Vitro Studies of Mycotoxins and Their Cocktails; Their Toxicity and Its Mitigation by Silibinin Pre-Treatment. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E148. [PMID: 32121188 PMCID: PMC7150870 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins found in randomly selected commercial milk thistle dietary supplement were evaluated for their toxicity in silico and in vitro. Using in silico methods, the basic physicochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties of the mycotoxins were predicted using ACD/Percepta. The in vitro cytotoxicity of individual mycotoxins was determined in mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7), human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells. In addition, we studied the bioavailability potential of mycotoxins and silibinin utilizing an in vitro transwell system with differentiated human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) simulating mycotoxin transfer through the intestinal epithelial barrier. The IC50 values for individual mycotoxins in studied cells were in the biologically relevant ranges as follows: 3.57-13.37 nM (T-2 toxin), 5.07-47.44 nM (HT-2 toxin), 3.66-17.74 nM (diacetoxyscirpenol). Furthermore, no acute toxicity was obtained for deoxynivalenol, beauvericin, zearalenone, enniatinENN-A, enniatin-A1, enniatin-B, enniatin-B1, alternariol, alternariol-9-methyl ether, tentoxin, and mycophenolic acid up to the 50 nM concentration. The acute toxicity of these mycotoxins in binary combinations exhibited antagonistic effects in the combinations of T-2 with DON, ENN-A1, or ENN-B, while the rest showed synergistic or additive effects. Silibinin had a significant protective effect against both the cytotoxicity of three mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, DAS) and genotoxicity of AME, AOH, DON, and ENNs on HEK 293T. The bioavailability results confirmed that AME, DAS, ENN-B, TEN, T-2, and silibinin are transported through the epithelial cell layer and further metabolized. The bioavailability of silibinin is very similar to mycotoxins poor penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Nguyen Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Jitka Viktorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Augustynkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Nikola Jelenova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Simona Dobiasova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Katerina Rehorova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
| | - Marie Fenclova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Milena Stranska-Zachariasova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Libor Vitek
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Faculty General Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 12808 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (M.F.); (M.S.-Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (V.N.T.); (J.V.); (K.A.); (N.J.); (S.D.); (K.R.)
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Mashhadi Akbar Boojar M. An Overview of the Cellular Mechanisms of Flavonoids Radioprotective Effects. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 10:13-19. [PMID: 32002357 PMCID: PMC6983988 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2020.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the remarkable application of radiotherapy in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases and even nuclear war, it is important to protect healthy tissues and people at risk from the radiation. Currently, there is no ideal and safe radioprotective agent available and we are seeing a great effort to find these agents from natural sources. Phenolic compounds, as well as flavonoid, are presented widely as the second metabolite in plants and they have been considered for investigation according to their benefits for human health, healing and preventing many disorders. The major bioactive benefits of flavonoids include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-bacterial and viral, neuroprotection and radioprotective effects. Their lower toxicity and oral administration have made it suitable for radiotherapy patient, radiation, military forces, and even the general public. This review attempts to provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms involved in flavonoid radio-protective effects. Data of these studies will provide a comprehensive perspective to flavonoids and can help to optimize their effects in radioprotection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Mashhadi Akbar Boojar
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tiwari P, Mishra KP. Flavonoids sensitize tumor cells to radiation: molecular mechanisms and relevance to cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:360-369. [PMID: 31738629 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Radiobiological research continues to focus on finding newer strategies for enhanced killing of tumor cells by ionizing radiation. In recent years, chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to possess the capabilities to sensitize tumor cells without affecting the normal cells. There have been increasing research efforts to identify novel and nontoxic compounds which cause minimal or no harm to normal cells but maximize tumor toxicity response to radiation exposure. Extensive researches on flavonoids that are compounds derived from plants have shown that these have promising abilities as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers.Conclusions: In this review, we examine the role of flavonoids as potential radiosensitizers, review the underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss their potential usefulness in improving cancer radiotherapy. It is emphasized that obtaining a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined action of flavonoids and ionizing radiation may provide new directions for radiobiological research applicable to the much needed enhanced selective tumor cytotoxicity to treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaushala Prasad Mishra
- Foundation for Education and Research, Ex Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Fernandes Veloso Borges F, Ribeiro e Silva C, Moreira Goes W, Ribeiro Godoy F, Craveiro Franco F, Hollanda Véras J, Luiz Cardoso Bailão EF, de Melo e Silva D, Gomes Cardoso C, Divino da Cruz A, Chen-Chen L. Protective Effects of Silymarin and Silibinin against DNA Damage in Human Blood Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6056948. [PMID: 30370304 PMCID: PMC6189666 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6056948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Silymarin (SM), a standardized extract derived from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, is primarily composed of flavonolignans, with silibinin (SB) as its major active constituent. The present study aimed to evaluate the antigenotoxic activities of SM and SB using the alkaline comet assay in whole blood cells and to assess their effects on the expression of genes associated with carcinogenesis and chemopreventive processes. Different concentrations of SM or SB (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/ml) were used in combination with the DNA damage-inducing agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 800 μM) to evaluate their genoprotective potential. To investigate the role of SM and SB in modulating gene expression, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of five genes that are known to be involved in DNA damage, carcinogenesis, and/or chemopreventive mechanisms. Treatment with SM or SB was found to significantly reduce the genotoxicity of MMS, upregulate the expression of PTEN and BCL2, and downregulate the expression of BAX and ABL1. We observed no significant changes in ETV6 expression levels following treatment with SM or SB. In conclusion, both SM and SB exerted antigenotoxic activities and modulated the expression of genes related to cell protection against DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Fernandes Veloso Borges
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ribeiro e Silva
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Moreira Goes
- Laboratório de Mutagênese (LABMUT), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Laboratório de Mutagênese (LABMUT), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Laboratório de Mutagênese (LABMUT), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Hollanda Véras
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela de Melo e Silva
- Laboratório de Mutagênese (LABMUT), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Radioprotective effects of Silymarin on the sperm parameters of NMRI mice irradiated with γ-rays. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 178:489-495. [PMID: 29232573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated using various endogenous systems or from external sources such as exposure to different physiochemicals. Ionizing radiation damage to the cell can be caused by the direct or indirect effects of radiotherapy processes. Silymarin (SM), a flavanolignan compound, has been identified as a natural potent antioxidant with cytoprotection activities due to scavenging free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of SM on sperm parameters of mice induced by γ-rays. A total number of 40 adult, male NMRI mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group was neither treated with SM nor irradiated by γ-rays. The second group was only irradiated with 2Gy of γ-rays. The third group was firstly treated with 50mg/kg of SM for 7 consecutive days, and one day later, last injections were irradiated by 2Gy of γ-rays. The fourth groups received only 50mg/kg of SM for 7 consecutive days. All the animals were treated intraperitoneally. Histopathological and morphometrical examinations were performed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. The results showed that in the radiation-only group when compared with those treated with SM and irradiated, a significant different was observed in testicular parameters and DNA damage (p<0.05). In conclusion, SM can be considered as a promising herbal radioprotective agent in complementary medicine which may play an important role to protect normal spermatocytes against possible effects of γ-radiation-induced cellular damage.
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Imaoka T, Ishii N, Kawaguchi I, Homma-Takeda S, Doi K, Daino K, Nakanishi I, Tagami K, Kokubo T, Morioka T, Hosoki A, Takabatake M, Yoshinaga S. Biological measures to minimize the risk of radiotherapy-associated second cancer: A research perspective. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:289-301. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Imaoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Ishii
- Waste Management Research Team, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Isao Kawaguchi
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shino Homma-Takeda
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Project for Human Health, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Advanced Radiation Biology Research Program, Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Tagami
- Waste Management Research Team, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kokubo
- Department of Technical Support and Development, Research Development and Support Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hosoki
- Radiation Effect Accumulation and Prevention Project, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Takabatake
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Radiobiology for Children's Health Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Yoshinaga
- Regulatory Sciences Research Program, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
- Project for Human Health, Fukushima Projects Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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The Flaxseed-Derived Lignan Phenolic Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside (SDG) Protects Non-Malignant Lung Cells from Radiation Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010007. [PMID: 26703588 PMCID: PMC4730254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant phenolic compounds are common dietary antioxidants that possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Flaxseed (FS) has been reported to be radioprotective in murine models of oxidative lung damage. Flaxseed’s protective properties are attributed to its main biphenolic lignan, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). SDG is a free radical scavenger, shown in cell free systems to protect DNA from radiation-induced damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro radioprotective efficacy of SDG in murine lung cells. Protection against irradiation (IR)-induced DNA double and single strand breaks was assessed by γ-H2AX labeling and alkaline comet assay, respectively. The role of SDG in modulating the levels of cytoprotective enzymes was evaluated by qPCR and confirmed by Western blotting. Additionally, effects of SDG on clonogenic survival of irradiated cells were evaluated. SDG protected cells from IR-induced death and ameliorated DNA damage by reducing mean comet tail length and percentage of γ-H2AX positive cells. Importantly, SDG significantly increased gene and protein levels of antioxidant HO-1, GSTM1 and NQO1. Our results identify the potent radioprotective properties of the synthetic biphenolic SDG, preventing DNA damage and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of normal lung cells; thus, rendering SDG a potential radioprotector against radiation exposure.
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Son Y, Lee HJ, Rho JK, Chung SY, Lee CG, Yang K, Kim SH, Lee M, Shin IS, Kim JS. The ameliorative effect of silibinin against radiation-induced lung injury: protection of normal tissue without decreasing therapeutic efficacy in lung cancer. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:68. [PMID: 26143275 PMCID: PMC4499198 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silibinin has been known for its role in anti-cancer and radio-protective effect. Radiation therapy for treating lung cancer might lead to late-phase pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of silibinin in radiation-induced lung injury with a mouse model. METHODS In this study, we examined the ability of silibinin to mitigate lung injury in, and improve survival of, C57BL/6 mice given 13 Gy thoracic irradiation and silibinin treatments orally at 100 mg/kg/day for seven days after irradiation. In addition, Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells were injected intravenously in C57BL/6 mice to generate lung tumor nodules. Lung tumor-bearing mice were treated with lung radiation therapy at 13 Gy and with silibinin at a dose of 100 mg/day for seven days after irradiation. RESULTS Silibinin was shown to increase mouse survival, to ameliorate radiation-induced hemorrhage, inflammation and fibrosis in lung tissue, to reduce the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration in the respiratory tract. In LLC tumor injected mice, lung tissue from mice treated with both radiation and silibinin showed no differences compared to lung tissue from mice treated with radiation alone. CONCLUSIONS Silibinin treatment mitigated the radiation-induced lung injury possibly by reducing inflammation and fibrosis, which might be related with the improved survival rate. Silibinin might be a useful agent for lung cancer patients as a non-toxic complementary approach to alleviate the side effects by thorax irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonghoon Son
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busasn, South Korea.
| | - Hae June Lee
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science (KIRAMS), Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Soo Young Chung
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busasn, South Korea.
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busasn, South Korea.
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busasn, South Korea.
| | - Sung Ho Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 500-757, , 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Minyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - In Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 500-757, , 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Joong Sun Kim
- Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busasn, South Korea.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 500-757, , 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Cordero-Pérez P, Torres-González L, Aguirre-Garza M, Camara-Lemarroy C, Guzmán-de la Garza F, Alarcón-Galván G, Zapata-Chavira H, de Jesús Sotelo-Gallegos M, Nadjedja Torres-Esquivel C, Sánchez-Fresno E, Cantú-Sepúlveda D, González-Saldivar G, Bernal-Ramirez J, E Muñoz-Espinosa L. Hepatoprotective effect of commercial herbal extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in Wistar rats. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:150-6. [PMID: 23900881 PMCID: PMC3719254 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various hepatoprotective herbal products from plants are available in Mexico, where up to 85% of patients with liver disease use some form of complementary and alternative medicine. However, only few studies have reported on the biological evaluation of these products. Objective: Using a model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, we evaluated the effects of commercial herbal extracts used most commonly in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The commercial products were identified through surveys in public areas. The effect of these products given with or without CCl4 in rats was evaluated by measuring the serum concentrations of aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT), and histopathological analysis. Legalon® was used as the standard drug. Results: The most commonly used herbal products were Hepatisan® capsules, Boldo capsules, Hepavida® capsules, Boldo infusion, and milk thistle herbal supplement (80% silymarin). None of the products tested was hepatotoxic according to transaminase and histological analyses. AST and ALT activities were significantly lower in the Hepavida+CCl4-treated group as compared with the CCl4-only group. AST and ALT activities in the silymarin, Hepatisan, and Boldo tea groups were similar to those in the CCl4 group. The CCl4 group displayed submassive confluent necrosis and mixed inflammatory infiltration. Both the Hepatisan+CCl4 and Boldo tea+CCl4 groups exhibited ballooning degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, and lytic necrosis. The silymarin+CCl4 group exhibited microvesicular steatosis. The Hepavida+CCl4- and Legalon+CCL4-treated groups had lower percentages of necrotic cells as compared with the CCl4-treated group; this treatment was hepatoprotective against necrosis. Conclusion: Only Hepavida had a hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cordero-Pérez
- Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Service from Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Gonzalitos S/N Col. Mitras Centro C.P., Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Liu W, Otkur W, Li L, Wang Q, He H, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Hayashi T, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Autophagy induced by silibinin protects human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells from UVB-induced apoptosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 123:23-31. [PMID: 23608670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) in the sun light is a major cause of skin damage, which accompanies complex alterations in irradiated skin cells, including DNA lesions, oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase activation. The protection against UVB damage requires multiple interruptions such as repair of the DNA lesions, scavenging of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), repression of the inflammation and others. Silibinin is suggested as an anti-UVB reagent, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found a role of autophagy in the anti-UVB effect of silibinin in A431 cells. Autophagy was reduced after UVB-irradiation while restored by silibinin through the suppression of the IGF-1R signalling pathway. The protective effect of silibinin in UVB-irradiated A431 cells was further enhanced by pre-treatment with an autophagy inducer, rapamycin, while it was reversed by an autophagy inhibitor, wortmannin, indicating that elevated autophagy contributed to the cell survival. Consistently, cell apoptosis was augmented by siRNAs targeting Beclin 1 and Atg5, supporting the hypothesis that autophagy induced by silibinin plays a protective role against UVB-induced epidermal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Noshy MM, Hussien NA, El-Ghor AA. Evaluation of the role of the antioxidant silymarin in modulating the in vivo genotoxicity of the antiviral drug ribavirin in mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 752:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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El Sherif F, Khattab S, Ibrahim AK, Ahmed SA. Improved silymarin content in elicited multiple shoot cultures of Silybum marianum L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:127-136. [PMID: 24381444 PMCID: PMC3550681 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. extracts are being used as antihepatotoxic therapy for liver diseases. Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid mixture isolated from milk thistle which is believed to be responsible for the plant's hepatoprotective action. Regeneration of Silybum marianum plants from shoot tip explants and assessment of their morphogenic potential, silymarin total concentration and its major constituents upon exposure to medium composition alteration and different elicitors' application was targeted. Different concentrations of NaCl, quercetin, gamma irradiation and dried fungal extracts were used to elicit silymarin production in the cultures. The chemical composition of silymarin and its total concentration was investigated through HPLC at all the experiment stages. Multiple shoots were recorded after 3 weeks of culture on MS medium containing various concentrations of BA and/or NAA. IAA was more effective than NAA and IBA in inducing robust roots in shoot cultures. The flowering plants recorded 20 % and 40 % of the total plants number in the multiplication and rooting stages respectively. The highest total silymarin concentration reached its peak with (10 Gy) gamma-irradiation to be 6.598 % dry weight in the in vitro regenerated shoot tip explants. The in vitro grown flowers showed 1.7 times more sylimarin productivity as compared to that of the wild grown congruent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia El Sherif
- />Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Salah Khattab
- />Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- />Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- />Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
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Begum N, Prasad NR. Apigenin, a dietary antioxidant, modulates gamma radiation-induced oxidative damages in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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