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Singh A, Singh J, Parween G, Khator R, Monga V. A comprehensive review of apigenin a dietary flavonoid: biological sources, nutraceutical prospects, chemistry and pharmacological insights and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 39154213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2390550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
A multitude of plant-derived bioactive compounds have shown significant promise in preventing chronic illnesses, with flavonoids constituting a substantial class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds. Apigenin, a flavone identified as 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, holds immense promise as a preventative agent against chronic illnesses. Despite its extensive research and recognized nutraceutical value, its therapeutic application remains underexplored, necessitating further clinical investigations. This review delves into the biological sources, nutraceutical prospects, chemistry, pharmacological insights, and health benefits of apigenin. Through multifaceted analytical studies, we explore its diverse pharmacological profile and potential therapeutic applications across various health domains. The manuscript comprehensively examines apigenin's role as a neuroprotective , anti-inflammatory compound, and a potent antioxidant agent. Additionally, its efficacy in combating cardiovascular diseases, anti-diabetic properties, and anticancer potential has been discussed. Furthermore, the antimicrobial attributes and the challenges surrounding its bioavailability, particularly from herbal supplements have been addressed. Available in diverse forms including tablets, capsules, solid dispersions, co-crystals, inclusion complexes and nano formulations. Additionally, it is prevalent as a nutraceutical supplement in herbal formulations. While strides have been made in overcoming pharmacokinetic hurdles, further research into apigenin's clinical effectiveness and bioavailability from herbal supplements remains imperative for its widespread utilization in preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Singh
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jagjit Singh
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Gulistan Parween
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Rakesh Khator
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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Rithidech KN, Peanlikhit T, Honikel L, Li J, Liu J, Karakach T, Zimmerman T, Welsh J. Consumption of Apigenin Prevents Radiation-induced Gut Dysbiosis in Male C57BL/6J Mice Exposed to Silicon Ions. Radiat Res 2024; 201:317-329. [PMID: 38373016 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The search for medical treatments to prevent radiation-induced damage to gastrointestinal tissue is crucial as such injuries can be fatal. This study aimed to investigate the effects of apigenin (AP) on the gut microbiome of irradiated mice, as it is a promising radiation countermeasure. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups, with six mice in each group. Two groups were given food with apigenin (20 mg/kg body weight or AP 20) before and after exposure to 0 or 50 cGy of silicon (28Si) ions, while another two groups of mice received regular diet without apigenin (0 mg/kg body weight or AP 0) before and after irradiation. The duodenum, the primary site for oral AP absorption, was collected from each mouse seven days after radiation exposure. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we found significant differences in microbial diversity among groups. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the major phyla for all groups, while actinobacterial and proteobacterial sequences represented only a small percentage. Mice not given dietary apigenin had a higher Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and an imbalanced duodenal microbiota after exposure to radiation, while irradiated mice given apigenin had maintained homeostasis of the microbiota. Additionally, irradiated mice not given apigenin had decreased probiotic bacteria abundance and increased inflammation, while apigenin-supplemented mice had reduced inflammation and restored normal histological structure. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the potential of dietary apigenin as a countermeasure against radiation-induced gut injuries due to its anti-inflammatory activity, reduction of gut microbiota dysbiosis, and increase in probiotic bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanat Peanlikhit
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8691
| | - Louise Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8691
| | - Jinyu Li
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8691
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8691
| | - Tobias Karakach
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8691
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8611
| | - James Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, Illinois 60153
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Miao L, Liu C, Cheong MS, Zhong R, Tan Y, Rengasamy KRR, Leung SWS, Cheang WS, Xiao J. Exploration of natural flavones' bioactivity and bioavailability in chronic inflammation induced-type-2 diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11640-11667. [PMID: 35821658 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2095349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes, being the most widespread illness, poses a serious threat to global public health. It seems that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. This review aims to demonstrate a probable link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic inflammation during its development. Additionally, the current review examined the bioactivity of natural flavones and the possible molecular mechanisms by which they influence diabetes and inflammation. While natural flavones possess remarkable anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, their therapeutic use is limited by the low oral bioavailability. Several factors contribute to the low bioavailability, including poor water solubility, food interaction, and unsatisfied metabolic behaviors, while the diseases (diabetes, inflammation, etc.) causing even less bioavailability. Throughout the years, different strategies have been developed to boost flavones' bioavailability, including structural alteration, biological transformation, and innovative drug delivery system design. This review addresses current advancements in improving the bioavailability of flavonoids in general, and flavones in particular. Clinical trials were also analyzed to provide insight into the potential application of flavonoids in diabetes and inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meang Sam Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ruting Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Susan Wai Sum Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Ourense, Spain
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Moslehi M, Rezaei S, Talebzadeh P, Ansari MJ, Jawad MA, Jalil AT, Rastegar-Pouyani N, Jafarzadeh E, Taeb S, Najafi M. Apigenin in cancer therapy: Prevention of genomic instability and anticancer mechanisms. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:3-18. [PMID: 36111951 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer has been growing worldwide. Better survival rates following the administration of novel drugs and new combination therapies may concomitantly cause concern regarding the long-term adverse effects of cancer therapy, for example, second primary malignancies. Moreover, overcoming tumour resistance to anticancer agents has been long considered as a critical challenge in cancer research. Some low toxic adjuvants such as herb-derived molecules may be of interest for chemoprevention and overcoming the resistance of malignancies to cancer therapy. Apigenin is a plant-derived molecule with attractive properties for chemoprevention, for instance, promising anti-tumour effects, which may make it a desirable adjuvant to reduce genomic instability and the risks of second malignancies among normal tissues. Moreover, it may improve the efficiency of anticancer modalities. This paper aims to review various effects of apigenin in both normal tissues and malignancies. In addition, we explain how apigenin may have the ability to protect usual cells against the genotoxic repercussions following radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of apigenin on tumours will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moslehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pourya Talebzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tehran Medical Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Nima Rastegar-Pouyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Dewi MK, Chaerunisaa AY, Muhaimin M, Joni IM. Improved Activity of Herbal Medicines through Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12224073. [PMID: 36432358 PMCID: PMC9695685 DOI: 10.3390/nano12224073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals or secondary metabolites are substances produced by plants that have been shown to have many biological activities, providing a scientific basis for using herbs in traditional medicine. In addition, the use of herbs is considered to be safe and more economical compared to synthetic medicine. However, herbal medicines have disadvantages, such as having low solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Some of them can undergo physical and chemical degradation, which reduces their pharmacological activity. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based herbal drug formulations have attracted attention due to their enhanced activity and potential for overcoming the problems associated with herbal medicine. Approaches using nanotechnology-based delivery systems that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and based on lipids, polymers, or nanoemulsions can increase the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity of herbals. This review article aims to provide an overview of the latest advances in the development of nanotechnology-based herbal drug formulations for increased activity, as well as a summary of the challenges these delivery systems for herbal medicines face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayang Kusuma Dewi
- Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Jatinangor Km 21,5, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Muhaimin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - I Made Joni
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia
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Peanlikhit T, Honikel L, Liu J, Zimmerman T, Rithidech K. Countermeasure efficacy of apigenin for silicon-ion-induced early damage in blood and bone marrow of exposed C57BL/6J mice. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:44-52. [PMID: 36336369 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the countermeasure efficacy of apigenin (AP), given as a diet supplement, for radiation-induced damage in the hematopoietic tissues collected on day 7 after a total-body exposure of male C57BL/6J mice to 0 or 0.5 Gy of 260 MeV/n silicon (28Si) ions. We gave food with AP at the concentration of 20 mg/kg body weight (bw) (AP20) or without AP (AP0) to mice before and after irradiation. There were four groups of mice (six mice in each): Group 1- Control, i.e. No Radiation (0 Gy) with AP0; Group 2 - Radiation (0.5 Gy) with AP0; Group 3 - No Radiation (0 Gy) with AP20; and Group 4 - Radiation (0.5 Gy) with AP20. The complete blood count (CBC) and differential blood count were performed for each mouse. In the same mouse, an anti-clastogenic activity of AP was evaluated using the in vivo blood-erythrocyte micronucleus (MN) assay. Further in each mouse, bone marrow (BM) cells were collected and used for measuring the levels of activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6). We used the colony-forming unit assay (CFU-A) as a tool to study the countermeasure efficacy of AP against the harmful effects of 28Si ions on the proliferation of the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Our results showed that AP is highly effective not only in the prevention of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia but also in the enhancement of erythropoiesis and the proliferation of HSPCs. We also observed the potent anti-clastogenic activity of AP given to mice as a diet supplement. Further, we found that AP is very effective in the suppression of activated NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that AP given as a diet supplement protects mice from 28Si-ion-induced damage in the hematopoietic tissues of irradiated male C57BL/6J mice via its anti-inflammation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanat Peanlikhit
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Louise Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8611, USA
| | - Kanokporn Rithidech
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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Alcaraz M, Olivares A, Achel DG, García-Gamuz JA, Castillo J, Alcaraz-Saura M. Genoprotective Effect of Some Flavonoids against Genotoxic Damage Induced by X-rays In Vivo: Relationship between Structure and Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010094. [PMID: 35052599 PMCID: PMC8773379 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids constitute a group of polyphenolic compounds characterized by a common gamma-benzo- pyrone structure considered in numerous biological systems to possess antioxidant capacity. Among the different applications of flavonoids, its genoprotective capacity against damage induced by ionizing radiation stands out, which has been related to antioxidant activity and its chemical structure. In this study, we determined the frequency of appearance of micronucleus in vivo by means of the micronucleus assay. This was conducted in mice treated with different flavonoids before and after exposure to 470 mGy X-rays; thereafter, their bone marrow polychromatophilic erythrocytes were evaluated to establish the structural factors enhancing the observed genoprotective effect. Our results in vivo show that the presence of a monomeric flavan-3-ol type structure, with absence of carbonyl group in position C4 of ring C, absence of conjugation between the carbons bearing the C2 = C3 double bond and the said ring, presence of a catechol group in ring B and characteristic hydroxylation in positions 5 and 7 of ring A are the structural characteristics that determine the highest degree of genoprotection. Additionally, a certain degree of polymerization of this flavonoid monomer, but maintaining significant levels of monomers and dimers, contributes to increasing the degree of genoprotection in the animals studied at both times of their administration (before and after exposure to X-rays).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alcaraz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.); (J.A.G.-G.); (M.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-883-601
| | - Amparo Olivares
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.); (J.A.G.-G.); (M.A.-S.)
| | - Daniel Gyingiri Achel
- Applied Radiation Biology Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra GE-257-0465, Ghana;
| | - José Antonio García-Gamuz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.); (J.A.G.-G.); (M.A.-S.)
| | - Julián Castillo
- R&D Department, Iff Murcia Natural Ingredients, Site Plant: Nutrafur, Camino Viejo de Pliego, Km. 2, Box 182, 30820 Alcantarilla, Spain;
| | - Miguel Alcaraz-Saura
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.O.); (J.A.G.-G.); (M.A.-S.)
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Karim K, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum Var Alata (Kacip Fatimah) ameliorates derangement in RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the bone of estrogen-deficient female rats with type-2 diabetes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153677. [PMID: 34333329 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND M. pumilum has been claimed to protect the bone against the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency. Additionally, it also exhibits anti-diabetic activity. In view of these, this study aims to identify the mechanisms underlying the bone protective effect of M. pumilum in the presence of both estrogen deficiency and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Ovariectomized, diabetic female rats were given M. pumilum leave aqueous extract (MPLA) (50 and 100 mg/kg/day), estrogen, glibenclamide and estrogen plus glibenclamide for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, Ca2+, PO43- and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured. Rats were sacrificed and femur bones were harvested for determination of expression level and distribution of RANK, RANKL, OPG and oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins by molecular biological techniques. RESULTS 100 mg/kg/day MPLA treatment decreased the FBG and BALP levels but increased the serum insulin, Ca2+ and PO43- levels in estrogen deficient, diabetic rats. Expression and distribution of RANKL, NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IL-6, IL-1β and Keap-1 decreased however expression and distribution of RANK, OPG, BMP-2, Type-1 collagen, Runx2, TRAF6, Nrf2, NQO-1, HO-1, SOD and CAT increased in the bone of estrogen deficient, diabetic rats which received 100 mg/kg/day MPLA with greater effects than estrogen-only, glibenclamide-only and estrogen plus glibenclamide treatments. CONCLUSION MPLA helps to overcome the adverse effect of estrogen deficiency and DM on the bone and thus this herb could potentially be used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarulzaman Karim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Raja IS, Preeth DR, Vedhanayagam M, Hyon SH, Lim D, Kim B, Rajalakshmi S, Han DW. Polyphenols-loaded electrospun nanofibers in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:29. [PMID: 34563260 PMCID: PMC8466400 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex structure with unique cellular and molecular process in its formation. Bone tissue regeneration is a well-organized and routine process at the cellular and molecular level in humans through the activation of biochemical pathways and protein expression. Though many forms of biomaterials have been applied for bone tissue regeneration, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted more attention among researchers with their physicochemical properties such as tensile strength, porosity, and biocompatibility. When drugs, antibiotics, or functional nanoparticles are taken as additives to the nanofiber, its efficacy towards the application gets increased. Polyphenol is a versatile green/phytochemical small molecule playing a vital role in several biomedical applications, including bone tissue regeneration. When polyphenols are incorporated as additives to the nanofibrous scaffold, their combined properties enhance cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation in bone tissue defect. The present review describes bone biology encompassing the composition and function of bone tissue cells and exemplifies the series of biological processes associated with bone tissue regeneration. We have highlighted the molecular mechanism of bioactive polyphenols involved in bone tissue regeneration and specified the advantage of electrospun nanofiber as a wound healing scaffold. As the polyphenols contribute to wound healing with their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, we have compiled a list of polyphenols studied, thus far, for bone tissue regeneration along with their in vitro and in vivo experimental biological results and salient observations. Finally, we have elaborated on the importance of polyphenol-loaded electrospun nanofiber in bone tissue regeneration and discussed the possible challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Desingh Raj Preeth
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | | | | | - Dohyung Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute / Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Subramaniyam Rajalakshmi
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chromepet, Chennai, 600 044, India.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea. .,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
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10
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Li A, Wang X, Li D, Li X, Li R, Yang X, Li X. Deuteration enhances the anti-tumor effects and relative anti-inflammatory effects via affecting proliferation and apoptosis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06391. [PMID: 33732929 PMCID: PMC7941159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin (AP) is a plant flavonoid with potential biomedical applications. To enhance the anti-tumour effect, AP was deuterated via hydrogen–deuterium exchange under hydrothermal conditions. The anti-tumor effects of deuterated AP (D-AP) were then tested on HCT116 cells and on a murine model of turpentine-induced inflammation. Cell cycle progression and cell proliferation were measured by flow cytometry, and in vivo immuno-inflammation was evaluated by quantitating glucose metabolism using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. According to the mass spectral results, the efficiency of AP deuteration was 62.96%. For both the two groups of AP and D-AP at 24 h and 48 h, there were an obvious increase on perception of G2 phage. Apigenin showed the ability of blocking in G2 phage to inhibit cellular proliferation. Additionally, D-AP induced early apoptosis in more cells than did AP (12.1% vs. 10.4%). Moreover, D-AP induced a more severe process of anti-inflammation during the early period, resulting in a more effective anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, given the innate ability of D-AP to block cell proliferation and induce early apoptosis, we conclude that deuteration enhances the systemic anti-cancer effect of this flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.,Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiaojiao Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rou Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuejuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yinchuan Second People's Hospital, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
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Begum N, Rajendra Prasad N, Kanimozhi G, Agilan B. Apigenin prevents gamma radiation-induced gastrointestinal damages by modulating inflammatory and apoptotic signalling mediators. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1631-1635. [PMID: 33673794 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1893316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of apigenin against radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) damages in whole-body irradiated (WBI) Swiss albino mice. Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with apigenin (15 mg/kg body wt.) intraperitoneally for six consecutive days, and on the seventh day, the mice were exposed to 7 Gy WBI. Histological findings revealed a deterioration of the crypt-villus architecture in the 7 Gy irradiated mice intestine. Conversely, apigenin pre-treatment ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal damages and restored intestinal crypt-villus architecture. Besides, apigenin modulates 7 Gy radiation-induced apoptotic markers (p53, p21, Bax, caspase-3, -9) expression in the GI tissue of WBI mice. Furthermore, apigenin prevented radiation-induced activation of NF-kB expression in the GI tissue. Therefore, the present results indicate apigenin's radioprotective effect through modulating NF-kB mediated apoptotic signalling in the WBI intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naziya Begum
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - N Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Kanimozhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dharumapuram Gnanambikai Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Agilan
- Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ahmed SA, Parama D, Daimari E, Girisa S, Banik K, Harsha C, Dutta U, Kunnumakkara AB. Rationalizing the therapeutic potential of apigenin against cancer. Life Sci 2020; 267:118814. [PMID: 33333052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable advances made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer during the past couple of decades, it remains the second largest cause of mortality in the world, killing approximately 9.6 million people annually. The major challenges in the treatment of the advanced stage of this disease are the development of chemoresistance, severe adverse effects of the drugs, and high treatment cost. Therefore, the development of drugs that are safe, efficacious, and cost-effective remains a 'Holy Grail' in cancer research. However, the research over the past four decades shed light on the cancer-preventive and therapeutic potential of natural products and their underlying mechanism of action. Apigenin is one such compound, which is known to be safe and has significant potential in the prevention and therapy of this disease. AIM To assess the literature available on the potential of apigenin and its analogs in modulating the key molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer. METHOD A comprehensive literature search has been carried out on PubMed for obtaining information related to the sources and analogs, chemistry and biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, bioavailability and toxicity of apigenin. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and a few cohort studies that evidenced the effectiveness of apigenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, etc., which play a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. In addition, apigenin was also shown to inhibit chemoresistance and radioresistance and make cancer cells sensitive to these agents. Reports have further revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for improving its bioavailability. SIGNIFICANCE Hence, the present review recapitulates the properties of apigenin and its pharmacological activities against different types of cancer, which warrant further investigation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Enush Daimari
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Pan Bazar, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Bellahcen TO, AAmiri A, Touam I, Hmimid F, Amrani AE, Cherif A, Cherki M. Evaluation of Moroccan microalgae: Spirulina platensis as a potential source of natural antioxidants. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0036. [PMID: 32549178 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Ethanolic, aqueous and lipidic extracts of Spirulina platensis were evaluated for their bioactive substances (polyphenols and fatty acids) and antioxidant activities using two different assays diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonicacid (ABTS)). Methods The phenolic compounds amounts were determined by colorimetric assays and were analyzed by high-performance and liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The identification of phenolic compounds in the extract was accomplished by comparison of their retention times with those of pure standards. The chemical composition of fatty acids in lipidic extract was determined by GC/FIDs and GC/MS method. Results The obtained results revealed that using DPPH, the ethanolic extract recorded the highest activity with (IC50=449 μg/mL ± 83). It was characterized with a high levels of phenolic and flavonoid content 0.33 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g dw and 0.21 ± 0.01 mg quercetin/g dw, respectively. The ethanolic extract showed the presence of caffeic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, quercetin and apigenin. Those entire phenolic compounds seem participle synergistically to the pronounced higher activity. To the best of our knowledge, the apigenin (4', 5, 7,-trihydroxyflavone), a natural compound which is famously known by its potent antiradical activity, was identified for the first time in Moroccan S. platensis only in the ethanolic extract. A high positive correlation (r=0.895) between the antioxidant activity and the chemical composition of ethanolic extract was observed. For ABTS, lipidic extract showed the highest activity with (IC50=740 μg/mL ± 12). A total of 15 fatty acids compounds, amounting 89.73% of the extract were identified. γ-linolenic acid (GLA) (39.02%) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (13.85%) were the major component and contribute greatly to the antioxidant activity observed. The lipidic extract has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (70.95%) which are often exhibited very high antioxidant activity since they have two or more double bonds and chain lengths. The aqueous extract either with DPPH or ABTS methods, recorded low antioxidant activity. Its correlation was r=0.499, lower than found in the ethanolic extract. Conclusions These results showed that Spirulina platensis could be considered as a valuable source of fatty acids and phenolics with potent antioxidant activity. It may be employed in the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs as an alternative source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touria Ould Bellahcen
- Laboratoire Santé et Environnement, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences - Ain Chock - Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane AAmiri
- Laboratoire Santé et Environnement, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences - Ain Chock - Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ikram Touam
- Laboratoire Santé et Environnement, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences - Ain Chock - Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Hmimid
- Equipe de Biotechnologie, Environnement et Santé, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences - Université Chouaib Doukkali, El-Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz El Amrani
- Laboratoire Synthèse, Extraction et Etude Physico-Chimique des Molécules Organiques, Université Hassan II de Faculté des Sciences Aîn -Chock, B.P 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelmjid Cherif
- Laboratoire Génie des Matériaux pour Environnement et Valorisation (GEMEV), Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock, B.P 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mounia Cherki
- Laboratoire Santé et Environnement, Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences - Ain Chock - Université Hassan II de Casablanca, B.P 5366 Mâarif, Casablanca, Morocco
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Tiwari P, Mishra KP. Flavonoids sensitize tumor cells to radiation: molecular mechanisms and relevance to cancer radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:360-369. [PMID: 31738629 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Radiobiological research continues to focus on finding newer strategies for enhanced killing of tumor cells by ionizing radiation. In recent years, chemotherapeutic drugs have been found to possess the capabilities to sensitize tumor cells without affecting the normal cells. There have been increasing research efforts to identify novel and nontoxic compounds which cause minimal or no harm to normal cells but maximize tumor toxicity response to radiation exposure. Extensive researches on flavonoids that are compounds derived from plants have shown that these have promising abilities as radioprotectors and radiosensitizers.Conclusions: In this review, we examine the role of flavonoids as potential radiosensitizers, review the underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss their potential usefulness in improving cancer radiotherapy. It is emphasized that obtaining a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined action of flavonoids and ionizing radiation may provide new directions for radiobiological research applicable to the much needed enhanced selective tumor cytotoxicity to treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaushala Prasad Mishra
- Foundation for Education and Research, Ex Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Sun YS, Qu W. Dietary Apigenin promotes lipid catabolism, thermogenesis, and browning in adipose tissues of HFD-Fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110780. [PMID: 31449894 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Apigenin (AP), a natural flavonoid from plants, could alleviate high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and its complication. Nonetheless, the direct correlation between dietary AP and their effects in adipose tissues remained unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with low-fat diet, HFD with or without 0.04% (w/w) AP for 12 weeks. Dietary AP ameliorated HFD induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Energy expenditure was increased with no influence on energy intake, which indicated us that AP prevented obesity by enhancing energy export. Interestingly, AP activated lipolysis (ATGL/FOXO1/SIRT1) without higher cycling free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs were consumed by the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (AMPK/ACC), thermogenesis, and browning (UCP-1, PGC-1α). Additionally, adipose tissue metabolic inflammation (NF-кB, MAPK) was also reduced by AP. Our study proposed that dietary AP could be explored as a new dietary strategy to combat obesity and related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Wei Qu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
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17
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Abcha I, Souilem S, Neves MA, Wang Z, Nefatti M, Isoda H, Nakajima M. Ethyl oleate food-grade O/W emulsions loaded with apigenin: Insights to their formulation characteristics and physico-chemical stability. Food Res Int 2018; 116:953-962. [PMID: 30717028 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin has attracted a great interest in the food industry due to the wide range of its biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The encapsulation of apigenin in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions could overcome its low solubility and lead to the development of new functional food products. The aim of this study is to formulate food-grade O/W submicron emulsions loaded with apigenin using high-pressure homogenization. Supersaturated solutions of 0.1 wt% apigenin in ethyl oleate were heated at 100 °C for 30, 60, or 120 min and the supernant after centrifugation were used as to-be-dispersed phases. An aqueous solution containing 1 wt% tween 20 was used as the continuous phase. We examined the effect of heating process of the ethyl oleate prior to emulsification and the homogenization-pressure (60-150 MPa) on the physico-chemical characteristics of the O/W emulsions immediately after formulation and during storage. Submicron O/W emulsions were formulated and the lowest average droplet diameter (dav) was 169 ± 2.082 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.06 ± 0.002. After 30 days of storage at 4 °C, the O/W emulsion formulated remained physically stable with little change in their dav and PDI values. The preheat treatment of ethyl oleate, affected the initial loaded apigenin concentration but hardly affected the physico-chemical stability of O/W emulsions. However, HPLC analysis demonstrated that the emulsification pressure was a relevant parameter affecting apigenin retention during the storage of O/W emulsions. Apigenin degradation in ethyl oleate O/W emulsions followed zero order kinetics and about 91.5-93.5% of apigenin could be retained in O/W emulsions after 30 days of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Abcha
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Pastoral Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Arid Land (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Safa Souilem
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocess, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), B.P. 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Marcos A Neves
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mohamed Nefatti
- Pastoral Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Arid Land (IRA), Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Alliance for Research on North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Rithidech KN, Reungpatthanaphong P, Tungjai M, Jangiam W, Honikel L, Whorton EB. Persistent depletion of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) after exposure of mice to heavy silicon ions. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 17:83-90. [PMID: 29753417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about plasma proteins that can be used as biomarkers for early and late responses to radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine a link between depletion of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) and cell-death as well as inflammatory responses in the lung (one of the tissues known to be radiosensitive) of the same exposed CBA/CaJ mice after exposure to heavy silicon (28Si) ions. To prevent the development of multiple organ dysfunctions, pGSN (an important component of the extracellular actin-scavenging system) is responsible for the removal of actin that is released into the circulation during inflammation and from dying cells. We evaluated the levels of pGSN in plasma collected from groups of mice (5 mice in each) at 1 week (wk) and 1 month (1 mo) after exposure whole body to different doses of 28Si ions, i.e. 0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy (2 fractionated exposures, 15 days apart that totaled each selected dose). In the same mouse, the measurements of pGSN levels were coupled with the quantitation of injuries in the lung, determined by (a) the levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved-PARP), a marker of apoptotic cell-death, (b) the levels of activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6, from tissue-lysates of the lung. Further, the ratio of neutrophils and lymphocytes (N/L) was determined in the same mouse. Our data indicated: (i) the magnitude of pGSN depletion was dependent to radiation dose at both harvest times, (ii) a persistent depletion of pGSN up to 1 mo post-exposure to 0.25 or 0.5 Gy of 28Si ions, (iii) an inverse-correlation between pGSN depletion and increased levels of cleaved-PARP, including activated NF-κB/pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung, and (iv) at both harvest times, statistically significant increases in the N/L ratio in groups of mice exposed to 0.5 Gy only. Our findings suggested that depletion in pGSN levels reflects not only the responses to 28Si-ion exposure at both harvest times but also early and late-occurring damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paiboon Reungpatthanaphong
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Sciences, Kasetsart University, Chatuchuck, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Witawat Jangiam
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Louise Honikel
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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Telange DR, Patil AT, Pethe AM, Fegade H, Anand S, Dave VS. Formulation and characterization of an apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) for improved solubility, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant potential. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 108:36-49. [PMID: 27939619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The apigenin-phospholipid phytosome (APLC) was developed to improve the aqueous solubility, dissolution, in vivo bioavailability, and antioxidant activity of apigenin. The APLC synthesis was guided by a full factorial design strategy, incorporating specific formulation and process variables to deliver an optimized product. The design-optimized formulation was assayed for aqueous solubility, in vitro dissolution, pharmacokinetics, and antioxidant activity. The pharmacological evaluation was carried out by assessing its effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced elevation of liver function marker enzymes in a rat model. The antioxidant activity was assessed by studying its effects on the liver antioxidant marker enzymes. The developed model was validated using the design-optimized levels of formulation and process variables. The physical-chemical characterization confirmed the formation of phytosomes. The optimized formulation demonstrated over 36-fold higher aqueous solubility of apigenin, compared to that of pure apigenin. The formulation also exhibited a significantly higher rate and extent of apigenin release in dissolution studies. The pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a significant enhancement in the oral bioavailability of apigenin from the prepared formulation, compared to pure apigenin. The liver function tests indicated that the prepared phytosome showed a significantly improved restoration of all carbon tetrachloride-elevated rat liver function marker enzymes. The prepared formulation also exhibited antioxidant potential by significantly increasing the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and decreasing the levels of lipid peroxidase. The study shows that phospholipid-based phytosome is a promising and viable strategy for improving the delivery of apigenin and similar phytoconstituents with low aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan R Telange
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun T Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil M Pethe
- SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Pharmaceutics Division, SVKM's NMIMS University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshal Fegade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sridhar Anand
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vivek S Dave
- St. John Fisher College, Wegmans School of Pharmacy, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Rithidech KN, Jangiam W, Tungjai M, Gordon C, Honikel L, Whorton EB. Induction of Chronic Inflammation and Altered Levels of DNA Hydroxymethylation in Somatic and Germinal Tissues of CBA/CaJ Mice Exposed to (48)Ti Ions. Front Oncol 2016; 6:155. [PMID: 27446801 PMCID: PMC4921787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the lung is one of the target organs at risk for cancer induction from exposure to heavy ions found in space, information is insufficient on cellular/molecular responses linked to increased cancer risk. Knowledge of such events may aid in the development of new preventive measures. Furthermore, although it is known that germinal cells are sensitive to X- or γ-rays, there is little information on the effects of heavy ions on germinal cells. Our goal was to investigate in vivo effects of 1 GeV/n (48)Ti ions (one of the important heavy ions found in the space environment) on somatic (lung) and germinal (testis) tissues collected at various times after a whole body irradiation of CBA/CaJ mice (0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy, delivered at 1 cGy/min). We hypothesized that (48)Ti-ion-exposure induced damage in both tissues. Lung tissue was collected from each mouse from each treatment group at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postirradiation. For the testis, we collected samples at 6 months postirradiation. Hence, only late-occurring effects of (48)Ti ions in the testis were studied. There were five mice per treatment group at each harvest time. We investigated inflammatory responses after exposure to (48)Ti ions by measuring the levels of activated nuclear factor kappa B and selected pro-inflammatory cytokines in both tissues of the same mouse. These measurements were coupled with the quantitation of the levels of global 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Our data clearly showed the induction of chronic inflammation in both tissues of exposed mice. A dose-dependent reduction in global 5hmC was found in the lung at all time-points and in testes collected at 6 months postirradiation. In contrast, significant increases in global 5mC were found only in lung and testes collected at 6 months postirradiation from mice exposed to 0.5 Gy of 1 GeV/n (48)Ti ions. Overall, our data showed that (48)Ti ions may create health risks in both lung and testicular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Witawat Jangiam
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Montree Tungjai
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chris Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Louise Honikel
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Salehifar E, Hosseinimehr SJ. The use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for improvement of efficacy of radiotherapy in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:654-62. [PMID: 26955911 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in cancer cells and is associated with carcinogenesis and maintenance of progressive tumour growth as well as resistance of cancer cells to ionising radiation (IR). COX-2 inhibitors can attenuate tumour growth and expression of markers of cell proliferation as well as induce apoptosis in tumour cells. These agents can have a synergistic effect with IR in the killing of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the rational basis and molecular mechanisms regarding the usefulness of COX-2 inhibitors in cancer therapy, and also their potential role in increasing the therapeutic index of chemoradiation by protecting normal cells and sensitising tumour cells to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Salehifar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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El Shoubaky GA, Abdel-Daim MM, Mansour MH, Salem EA. Isolation and Identification of a Flavone Apigenin from Marine Red Alga Acanthophora spicifera with Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:21-9. [PMID: 26917974 PMCID: PMC4760667 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical investigation of the red alga Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borgesen, collected from Al-Shoaiba coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, led to the isolation of a flavone from the algal tissue with acetone. Preparative chromatography on silica gel thin-layer chromatography was used for the separation of the flavone and eluted with the methanol:chloroform:ethyl acetate (1:7:2) solvent system. The physicochemical analyses infrared, mass spectra, and ultraviolet spectra in addition to shift reagents (NaOMe, NaOAc, NaOAc + H3BO3, AlCl3, and AlCl3 + HCl) were used for the identification and elucidation of the structure of the flavone compound (4,5,7-trihydroxy flavonoids). The flavone compound was identified as apigenin bycomparing its physicochemical data with those in the literature. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of apigenin were evaluated. Apigenin showed promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in the hot plate test and writhing test in mice as well as tail-immersion tests and carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in rats. It is concluded that apigenin possesses potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities, which might be due to the inhibition of PGE2 as well as proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan A El Shoubaky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mansour
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Essam A Salem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Hosseinimehr SJ, Nobakht R, Ghasemi A, Pourfallah TA. Radioprotective effect of mefenamic acid against radiation-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Radiat Oncol J 2015; 33:256-60. [PMID: 26484310 PMCID: PMC4607580 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2015.33.3.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mefenamic acid (MEF) as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug is used as a medication for relieving of pain and inflammation. Radiation-induced inflammation process is involved in DNA damage and cell death. In this study, the radioprotective effect of MEF was investigated against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and incubated with MEF at different concentrations (5, 10, 50, or 100 µM) for two hours. The whole blood was exposed to ionizing radiation at a dose 1.5 Gy. Lymphocytes were cultured with mitogenic stimulation to determine the micronuclei in cytokinesis blocked binucleated lymphocyte. Results A significant decreasing in the frequency of micronuclei was observed in human lymphocytes irradiated with MEF as compared to irradiated lymphocytes without MEF. The maximum decreasing in frequency of micronuclei was observed at 100 µM of MEF (38% decrease), providing maximal protection against ionizing radiation. Conclusion The radioprotective effect of MEF is probably related to anti-inflammatory property of MEF on human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Nobakht
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Ghasemi
- Department of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tayyeb Allahverdi Pourfallah
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Apigenin promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells through JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:41-50. [PMID: 25994505 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid and has been reported to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized mice, but the role of apigenin on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has not been reported. In the present study, the effect of apigenin on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was explored. Our results showed that apigenin treatment significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in hMSCs. RT-PCR revealed that apigenin markedly up-regulated the mRNA expression of osteopontin (OPN) and the transcription factors runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). The expression of Runx2 and osterix (OSX) proteins were also increased in hMSCs differentiating into osteoblasts after treatment with apigenin. Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathways responsible for osteogenic differentiation of apigenin in hMSCs. We found that apigenin treatment significantly increased the levels of p-JNK, p-p38 in hMSCs and addition of the inhibitors of JNK (SP600125) or p38 MAPK (SB203580) eliminated the stimulating effects of apigenin. In addition, addition of SP600125 or SB203580 also blocked apigenin-induced ALP activity, OPN, Runx2, and OSX expression and meanwhile inhibited bone nodule formation. Taken together, these findings suggest apigenin promotes the osteogenesis of hMSCs through activation of JNK and p38 MAPK signal pathways which leads to Runx2 and OSX expressions to induce the formation of bone nodule.
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Wang E, Chen F, Hu X, Yuan Y. Protective effects of apigenin against furan-induced toxicity in mice. Food Funct 2015; 5:1804-12. [PMID: 24914499 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00038b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Furan, a food contaminant formed by heating, is possibly carcinogenic to humans. In this study, we discussed the effect of administration of apigenin on furan-induced toxicity by determining the ROS content, oxidative damage, cytokine levels, DNA damage, and the liver and kidney damage in a mouse model. Our data showed that apigenin administered at 5, 10, and 20 mg kg(-1) bw per day could decrease the toxicity induced by furan to different extents. On one hand, apigenin has the ability to increase the oxidative damage indexes of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities but decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and maleic dialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and kidney of mice treated with furan. On the other hand, it could decrease cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and interleukin (IL)-6 but increase interleukin (IL)-10 in the serum of furan-treated mice. At the same time, the three concentrations of apigenin elected in this paper all could decrease the ROS content, DNA damage index of 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), the liver and kidney damage indexes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine content in furan-treated mice to different extents. The protective effects of apigenin against furan-induced toxicity damage were mainly due to its excellent ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid oxidation. This is important when considering the use of apigenin as a dietary supplement for beneficial chemoprevention of furan toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enting Wang
- College of Quartermaster Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China130062.
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Jangiam W, Tungjai M, Rithidech KN. Induction of chronic oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and aberrant patterns of DNA methylation in the liver of titanium-exposed CBA/CaJ mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:389-98. [PMID: 25565558 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the biological effects of titanium ((48)Ti, one of the important heavy ions found in space) in the liver of exposed-mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We gave adult male CBA/CaJ mice a whole-body exposure to a total dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5 Gy of (48)Ti ions. The liver was collected at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months post-irradiation (five mice per treatment-group at each harvest-time). Three biological endpoints were used for evaluating the effects of (48)Ti ions: Oxidative-stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA-methylation (5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine). RESULTS Our data clearly demonstrated dose-dependent increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the liver of exposed mice at all time-points (Analysis of Variance or ANOVA, p < 0.05). Significant dose-dependent increases in the levels of 5-methylcytosine were detected at 1 week and 1 month (ANOVA, p < 0.05). At 6 months post-irradiation, a significant increase in the level of 5-methylcytosine was found only in 0.5-Gy-(48)Ti-ion-exposed mice. In contrast, dose-dependent decreases in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels were found in the liver of exposed mice (ANOVA, p < 0.05) at all time-points. CONCLUSIONS Chronic oxidative-stress, chronic inflammation, and persistent aberrant DNA-methylation occurred in the liver of (48)Ti-exposed mice. Hence, exposure to (48)Ti ions in space may pose health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witawat Jangiam
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY , USA
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Zhong Y, Wang K, Zhang X, Cai X, Chen Y, Deng Y. Nephrokeli, a Chinese herbal formula, may improve IgA nephropathy through regulation of the sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116873. [PMID: 25633986 PMCID: PMC4310606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrokeli (NPKL) is a Chinese herbal formula that has been used to treat patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) for improvement of proteinuria and kidney injury. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors S1PR2 and S1PR3 are known to play an important role in kidney disease. Here, we tested whether NPKL is able to regulate the S1P pathway in the kidney of IgAN rats. Four groups of rats were included in the study: Control, IgAN, IgAN treated with losartan, and IgAN treated with NPKL. The IgAN model was generated by injection of bovine serum albumin and staphylococcus enterotoxin B. We found that IgAN rats had increased staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the mesangial area and increased mRNA and protein levels of S1PR2 and S1PR3 in the kidney compared to control rats. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a downstream growth factor in the S1P pathway, was also elevated in the kidney of IgAN rats. Treatment with either NPKL or losartan was able to reduce PCNA staining and the expression of both S1PR2 and S1PR3 in the kidney of IgAN rats. However, NPKL (but not losartan treatment) reduced the expression of CTGF in the kidney of IgAN rats. In addition, we treated rat mesangial cells with sera collected from either NPKL-treated rats or control rats and found that NPKL-serum was able to reduce S1P-induced mesangial cell proliferation and the expression of S1PR2/S1PR3 and CTGF. NPKL also attenuates expression of fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers in the kidney of IgAN rats. Our studies provide the mechanism by which NPKL attenuates kidney injury in IgAN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (YD)
| | - Ke Wang
- Surgical Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (YD)
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Gupta SC, Tyagi AK, Deshmukh-Taskar P, Hinojosa M, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Downregulation of tumor necrosis factor and other proinflammatory biomarkers by polyphenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 559:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Protective effect of apigenin against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 767:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shen LN, Zhang YT, Wang Q, Xu L, Feng NP. Enhanced in vitro and in vivo skin deposition of apigenin delivered using ethosomes. Int J Pharm 2013; 460:280-8. [PMID: 24269286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel topical delivery system for apigenin by using ethosomes. An optimal apigenin-loaded ethosome formulation was identified by means of uniform design experiments. Skin deposition and transdermal flux of apigenin loaded in ethosomes, liposomes, and deformable liposomes were compared in vitro and in vivo. The efficiency of apigenin encapsulation increased with an increase in the amount of phospholipids in ethosome formulations. Moreover, skin deposition and transdermal flux of apigenin improved with an increase in the levels of phospholipids (Lipoid S 75) and short-chain alcohols (propylene glycol and ethanol), but decreased with an increase in the ratio of propylene glycol to ethanol. Profiles of skin deposition versus time for ethosomes varied markedly between in vivo and in vitro studies compared with those of liposomes or deformable liposomes. Optimized ethosomes showed superior skin targeting both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, they had the strongest effect on reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 levels in mouse skin inflammation induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) light. Therefore, apigenin-loaded ethosomes represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of UVB-induced skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong-Tai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Nian-Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Neuroprotective, anti-amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects of apigenin in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Molecules 2013; 18:9949-65. [PMID: 23966081 PMCID: PMC6270497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) are considered to play a critical role in the onset and progression of AD. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a pharmacologically active agent. Even though some evidence suggests that it has potential neuroprotective effects, no preexisting study has reported any therapeutic effects of apigenin in AD models. In the present study, we examined the effects of apigenin on cognitive function in APP/PS1 double transgenic AD mice and explored its mechanism(s) of action. Three-month oral treatment with apigenin rescued learning deficits and relieved memory retention in APP/PS1 mice. Apigenin also showed effects affecting APP processing and preventing Aβ burden due to the down-regulation of BACE1 and β-CTF levels, the relief of Aβ deposition, and the decrease of insoluble Aβ levels. Moreover, apigenin exhibited superoxide anion scavenging effects and improved antioxidative enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, apigenin restored neurotrophic ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway in the cerebral cortex. In conclusion, apigenin may ameliorate AD-associated learning and memory impairment through relieving Aβ burden, suppressing amyloidogenic process, inhibiting oxidative stress, and restoring ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway. Therefore, apigenin appears to represent an alternative medication for the prevention and/or therapy of AD.
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Tungjai M, Whorton EB, Rithidech KN. Persistence of apoptosis and inflammatory responses in the heart and bone marrow of mice following whole-body exposure to ²⁸Silicon (²⁸Si) ions. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2013; 52:339-350. [PMID: 23756637 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-013-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that the bone marrow (BM) is a radiosensitive tissue, but the radiosensitivity of the heart is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the comparative effects of ²⁸Silicon (²⁸Si) ions (one type of heavy ion found in space) on tissue from the heart and the BM of exposed mice. We gave adult male CBA/CaJ mice a whole-body exposure to a total dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, or 0.5 Gy of 300 MeV/nucleon (n) ²⁸Si ions, using a fractionated schedule (two exposures, 15 days apart that totaled each selected dose). The heart and BM were collected from 5 mice per treatment group at various times up to 6 months post-irradiation. In each mouse, we obtained tissue lysates from the heart and from the total population of BM cells for measuring the levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved PARP, a marker of apoptotic cell death) and the levels of activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and selected NF-κB-regulated cytokines known to be involved in inflammatory responses. Our data showed that, up to 6 months post-irradiation, the levels of apoptotic cell death and inflammatory responses in tissues from the heart and BM collected from exposed mice were statistically higher than those in sham controls. Hence, these findings are suggestive of chronic apoptotic cell death and inflammation in both tissues after exposure to ²⁸Si ions. In summary, our data are indicative of a possible association between exposure to ²⁸Si ions during space flight and long-term health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montree Tungjai
- Pathology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8691, USA
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Tian J, Chen H, Chen S, Xing L, Wang Y, Wang J. Comparative studies on the constituents, antioxidant and anticancer activities of extracts from different varieties of corn silk. Food Funct 2013; 4:1526-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lucas CD, Allen KC, Dorward DA, Hoodless LJ, Melrose LA, Marwick JA, Tucker CS, Haslett C, Duffin R, Rossi AG. Flavones induce neutrophil apoptosis by down-regulation of Mcl-1 via a proteasomal-dependent pathway. FASEB J 2012. [PMID: 23195034 PMCID: PMC3574292 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-218990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil apoptosis and subsequent nonphlogistic clearance by surrounding phagocytes are key to the successful resolution of neutrophilic inflammation, with dysregulated apoptosis reported in multiple human inflammatory diseases. Enhancing neutrophil apoptosis has proresolution and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical models of inflammation. Here we investigate the ability of the flavones apigenin, luteolin, and wogonin to induce neutrophil apoptosis in vitro and resolve neutrophilic inflammation in vivo. Human neutrophil apoptosis was assessed morphologically and by flow cytometry following incubation with apigenin, luteolin, and wogonin. All three flavones induced time- and concentration-dependent neutrophil apoptosis (apigenin, EC50=12.2 μM; luteolin, EC50=14.6 μM; and wogonin, EC50=28.9 μM). Induction of apoptosis was caspase dependent, as it was blocked by the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh and was associated with both caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. Flavone-induced apoptosis was preceded by down-regulation of the prosurvival protein Mcl-1, with proteasomal inhibition preventing flavone-induced Mcl-1 down-regulation and apoptosis. The flavones abrogated the survival effects of mediators that prolong neutrophil life span, including lipoteichoic acid, peptidoglycan, dexamethasone, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, by driving apoptosis. Furthermore, wogonin enhanced resolution of established neutrophilic inflammation in a zebrafish model of sterile tissue injury. Wogonin-induced resolution was dependent on apoptosis in vivo as it was blocked by caspase inhibition. Our data show that the flavones induce neutrophil apoptosis and have potential as neutrophil apoptosis-inducing anti-inflammatory, proresolution agents.—Lucas, C. D., Allen, K. C., Dorward, D. A., Hoodless, L. J., Melrose, L. A., Marwick, J. A., Tucker, C. S., Haslett, C., Duffin, R., Rossi, A. G. Flavones induce neutrophil apoptosis by down-regulation of Mcl-1 via a proteasomal-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
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Topical apigenin alleviates cutaneous inflammation in murine models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:912028. [PMID: 23304222 PMCID: PMC3524999 DOI: 10.1155/2012/912028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have been used in preventing and treating skin disorders for centuries. It has been demonstrated that systemic administration of chrysanthemum extract exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether topical applications of apigenin, a constituent of chrysanthemum extract, influence cutaneous inflammation is still unclear. In the present study, we first tested whether topical applications of apigenin alleviate cutaneous inflammation in murine models of acute dermatitis. The murine models of acute allergic contact dermatitis and acute irritant contact dermatitis were established by topical application of oxazolone and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), respectively. Inflammation was assessed in both dermatitis models by measuring ear thickness. Additionally, the effect of apigenin on stratum corneum function in a murine subacute allergic contact dermatitis model was assessed with an MPA5 physiology monitor. Our results demonstrate that topical applications of apigenin exhibit therapeutic effects in both acute irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis models. Moreover, in comparison with the vehicle treatment, topical apigenin treatment significantly reduced transepidermal water loss, lowered skin surface pH, and increased stratum corneum hydration in a subacute murine allergic contact dermatitis model. Together, these results suggest that topical application of apigenin could provide an alternative regimen for the treatment of dermatitis.
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