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Granata S, Canistro D, Vivarelli F, Morosini C, Rullo L, Mercatante D, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Baracca A, Sgarbi G, Solaini G, Ghini S, Fagiolino I, Sangiorgi S, Paolini M. Potential Harm of IQOS Smoke to Rat Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12462. [PMID: 37569836 PMCID: PMC10419033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration has recently classified the IQOS electronic cigarette as a modified-risk tobacco product. However, IQOS cigarettes still release various harmful constituents typical of conventional cigarettes (CCs), although the concentrations are markedly lower. Here, we investigated the damaging effects of IQOS smoking on the liver. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed, whole body, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to IQOS smoke (4 sticks/day), and hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, redox homeostasis and lipidomic profile were investigated. IQOS boosted reactive radicals and generated oxidative stress. Exposure decreased cellular reserves of total glutathione (GSH) but not GSH-dependent antioxidant enzymes. Catalase and xanthine oxidase were greater in the exposed group, as were various hepatic CYP-dependent monooxygenases (CYP2B1/2, CYP1A1, CYP2A1, CYP2E1-linked). Respiratory chain activity was unaltered, while the number of liver mitochondria was increased. IQOS exposure had an impact on the hepatic lipid profile. With regard to the expression of some MAP kinases commonly activated by CC smoking, IQOS increased the p-p38/p38 ratio, while erythroid nuclear transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) was negatively affected. Our data suggest that IQOS significantly impairs liver function, supporting the precautionary stance taken by the WHO toward the use of these devices, especially by young people and pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Granata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Camilla Morosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Rullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Dario Mercatante
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (M.T.R.-E.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Giuseppe Fanin, 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (D.M.); (M.T.R.-E.)
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Quinto Bucci 336, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Severino Ghini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Ivan Fagiolino
- Gruppo CSA—S.p.A., Via al Torrente 22, 47923 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Stefano Sangiorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (S.G.); (D.C.); (C.M.); (L.R.); (S.G.); (S.S.); (M.P.)
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Papierska K, Ignatowicz E, Jodynis-Liebert J, Kujawska M, Biegańska-Marecik R. Effects of Long-Term Dietary Administration of Kale (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> L. var.<i> acephala</i> DC) Leaves on the Antioxidant Status and Blood Biochemical Markers in Rats. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2022; 72:239-247. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/152434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
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Cirillo S, Vivarelli F, Turrini E, Fimognari C, Burattini S, Falcieri E, Rocchi MBL, Cardenia V, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Paolini M, Canistro D. The Customizable E-cigarette Resistance Influences Toxicological Outcomes: Lung Degeneration, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress-Induced in a Rat Model. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:132-145. [PMID: 31388676 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDespite the knowledge gap regarding the risk-benefit ratio of the electronic cigarette (e-cig), its use has grown exponentially, even in teenagers. E-cig vapor contains carcinogenic compounds (eg, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein) and free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause toxicological effects, including DNA damage. The role of e-cig voltage customization on molecule generation has been reported, but the effects of the resistance on e-cig emissions and toxicity are unknown. Here, we show that the manipulation of e-cig resistance influences the carbonyls production from nonnicotine vapor and the oxidative and inflammatory status in a rat model. Fixing the voltage at the conventional 3.5 V, we observed that the amount of the selected aldehydes increased as the resistance decreased from 1.5 to 0.25 Ω. Under these conditions, we exposed Sprague Dawley rats to e-cig aerosol for 28 days, and we studied the pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and blood homeostasis. We found a perturbation of the antioxidant and phase II enzymes, probably related to the increased ROS levels due to the enhanced xanthine oxidase and P450-linked monooxygenases. Furthermore, frames from scanning electron microscope showed a disorganization of alveolar and bronchial epithelium in 0.25 Ω group. Overall, various toxicological outcomes, widely recognized as smoke-related injuries, can potentially occur in e-cig consumers who use low-voltage and resistance device. Our study suggests that certain “tips for vaping safety” cannot be established, and encourages further independent investigations to help public health agencies in regulating the e-cig use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino
| | | | - Vladimiro Cardenia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin
| | - Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna
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Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Cirillo S, Cardenia V, Rodriguez-Estrada MT, Paolini M. Impairment of testicular function in electronic cigarette (e-cig, e-cigs) exposed rats under low-voltage and nicotine-free conditions. Life Sci 2019; 228:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abellán Á, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C. Sorting out the Value of Cruciferous Sprouts as Sources of Bioactive Compounds for Nutrition and Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E429. [PMID: 30791362 PMCID: PMC6412956 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible sprouts with germinating seeds of a few days of age are naturally rich in nutrients and other bioactive compounds. Among them, the cruciferous (Brassicaceae) sprouts stand out due to their high contents of glucosinolates (GLSs) and phenolic compounds. In order to obtain sprouts enriched in these phytochemicals, elicitation is being increasing used as a sustainable practice. Besides, the evidence regarding the bioavailability and the biological activity of these compounds after their dietary intake has also attracted growing interest in recent years, supporting the intake of the natural food instead of enriched ingredients or extracts. Also, there is a growing interest regarding their uses, consumption, and applications for health and wellbeing, in different industrial sectors. In this context, the present review aims to compile and update the available knowledge on the fundamental aspects of production, enrichment in composition, and the benefits upon consumption of diverse edible cruciferous sprouts, which are sources of phenolic compounds and glucosinolates, as well as the evidence on their biological actions in diverse pathophysiological situations and the molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Abellán
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Perles
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Liver and intestinal protective effects of Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract in high-fat diet rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201540. [PMID: 30080863 PMCID: PMC6078294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Castanea sativa Mill. have been studied in high fat diet (HFD) overweight rats. Natural Extract of Chestnut bark (Castanea sativa Mill.) (ENC®), rich in ellagitannins, has been studied in 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided in four groups. Two groups were controls: regular (RD) and HDF diet. Two groups received ENC® (20 mg/kg/day): RD + ENC® and HFD + ENC®. At baseline and at 7, 14 and 21 days, weight gain, serum lipids, plasma cytokines, liver histology, microsomial enzymes and oxidation, intestinal oxidative stress and contractility were studied. HFD increased body weight, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced hepatocytes microvescicular steatosis, altered microsomial, increased liver and intestinal oxidative stress, deranged intestinal contractility. In HFD-fed rats, ENC® exerted antiadipose and antioxidative activities and normalized intestinal contractility, suggesting a potential approach to overweight management associated diseases.
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Morales-López J, Centeno-Álvarez M, Nieto-Camacho A, López MG, Pérez-Hernández E, Pérez-Hernández N, Fernández-Martínez E. Evaluation of antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of white cabbage essential oil. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:233-241. [PMID: 27927070 PMCID: PMC6130702 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1258424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT There have been no reports of the extraction of essential oil (EO) from white cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (L.) Alef. f. alba DC. (Brassicaceae)] (Bocfal) or its chemical composition, antioxidant activity, or hepatoprotective effects. OBJECTIVE To extract Bocfal EO, to identify and quantify its chemical components, to assess their antioxidant capacity, and to evaluate the hepatoprotective properties of Bocfal EO. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bocfal EO was obtained using hydrodistillation (200 mm Hg/58 °C). The chemical composition was analyzed using GC-MS and was quantified using GC-FID. The antioxidant activity of Bocfal EO and its main constituents was evaluated using TBARS in rat brain homogenates. A Bocfal EO hepatoprotective effect (192 mg/kg) on acute carbon tetrachloride (CT)-induced liver damage was determined in rats using biochemical markers and histological analysis. Diallyl disulphide (DADS) (1 mmol/kg) was used as a control for comparison. RESULTS Bocfal EO contained organic polysulphides (OPSs), such as dimethyl trisulphide (DMTS) 65.43 ± 4.92% and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) 19.29 ± 2.16% as major constituents. Bocfal EO and DMTS were found to be potent TBARS inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.51 and 3 mg/L, respectively. Bocfal EO demonstrated better hepatoprotective properties than did DADS (p < 0.05), although both slightly affected the hepatic parenchyma per se, as observed using histopathology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The antioxidant properties of Bocfal EO and DMTS may be the mechanism of hepatoprotective action; the parenchymal disturbances by Bocfal EO or DADS alone may be related to the high doses used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Morales-López
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Mónica Centeno-Álvarez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | | | - Mercedes G. López
- Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México
| | | | - Nury Pérez-Hernández
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology. Centro de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Área Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca Hidalgo, México
- CONTACT Eduardo Fernández-Martínez;
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Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Babot Marquillas C, Cirillo S, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Biagi G, Pinna C, Gentilini F, Pozzo L, Longo V, Paolini M. The combined effect of Sango sprout juice and caloric restriction on metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition in an obesity model. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:192-204. [PMID: 28770644 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1350940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to compare the benefits of SSJ supplementation in obese rats with those achieved only by switching the alimentary regimen from high-fat (HFD) to the regular one (RD) in liver, ileum and prostate. Furthermore, changings in caecal chime microbiota were investigated. SSJ was administered to rats in combination with a RD (HFD-RD + SSJ). The switch from HFD to RD led to a weight loss of almost 9.8 g, and the total cholesterol was found to be significantly lower. In the HFD-RD + SSJ group, all values were improved compared with the HFD control, and the weight decrement was higher (-23.29 g) with respect to HFD-RD. HFD led to a widespread increment of oxidative stress (OS) markers in liver, ileum and prostate. SSJ has shown to improve the results achieved by the suspension of HFD and it has proven effective wherever the only switch in diet regimen failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Clara Babot Marquillas
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Silvia Cirillo
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Gina R De Nicola
- b Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA) , Bologna , Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- b Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA) , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- c Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Carlo Pinna
- c Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- c Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Luisa Pozzo
- d Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology , CNR , Pisa , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Longo
- d Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology , CNR , Pisa , Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- a Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
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Canistro D, Vivarelli F, Ugolini L, Pinna C, Grandi M, Antonazzo IC, Cirillo S, Sapone A, Cinti S, Lazzeri L, Conte E, Biagi G. Digestibility, toxicity and metabolic effects of rapeseed and sunflower protein hydrolysates in mice. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1298410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Canistro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Grandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Cirillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sapone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Cinti
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Conte
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali, Council for research in agriculture and the agrarian economy analysis, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Sapone A, De Nicola GR, Babot Marquillas C, Iori R, Antonazzo IC, Gentilini F, Paolini M. Raphanus sativus cv. Sango Sprout Juice Decreases Diet-Induced Obesity in Sprague Dawley Rats and Ameliorates Related Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150913. [PMID: 26987061 PMCID: PMC4795736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is recognized as a leading global health problem, correlated with an increased risk for several chronic diseases. One strategy for weight control management includes the use of vegetables rich in bioactive compounds to counteract weight gain, improve the antioxidant status and stimulate lipid catabolism. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Raphanus sativus Sango sprout juice (SSJ), a Brassica extraordinarily rich in anthocyanins (AC) and isothiocyanates (ITCs), in a non-genetic model of obesity (high fat diet-HFD induced). METHODS Control groups were fed with HFD or regular diet (RD). After a 10-week period, animals were assigned to experimental units and treated by gavage for 28 days as follows: HFD and RD control groups (rats fed HFD or RD and treated with vehicle only) and HFD-treated groups (rats fed HFD and treated with 15, 75 or 150 mg/kg b.w. of SSJ). Body weight and food consumption were recorded and serum lipid profile was measured (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and non-esterified fatty acids). Hepatic phase-I, phase-II as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities were assessed. RESULTS SSJ lowered total cholesterol level, food intake and liver weight compared with HFD rodents. SSJ at medium dose proved effective in reducing body-weight (~19 g reduction). SSJ was effective in up-regulating the antioxidant enzymes catalase, NAD(P)H quinone reductase, oxidised glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase, which reached or exceeded RD levels, as well as the phase II metabolic enzyme UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (up to about 43%). HFD up-regulated almost every cytochrome P450 isoform tested, and a mild down-regulation to baseline was observed after SSJ intervention. CONCLUSION This work reveals, for the first time, the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and antiobesity potential of SSJ, suggesting its use as an efficient new functional food/nutraceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sapone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CRA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara Babot Marquillas
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CRA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Gentilini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Kapravelou G, Martínez R, Andrade AM, López Chaves C, López-Jurado M, Aranda P, Arrebola F, Cañizares FJ, Galisteo M, Porres JM. Improvement of the antioxidant and hypolipidaemic effects of cowpea flours (Vigna unguiculata) by fermentation: results of in vitro and in vivo experiments. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1207-16. [PMID: 25043425 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant capacity and hypolipidaemic effects of Vigna unguiculata, as well as their potential improvement by different fermentation and thermal processes were studied using in vitro and in vivo methods. RESULTS Phenolic content and reducing capacity of legume acetone extract were significantly increased by different fermentation processes, and by the thermal treatment of fermented legume flours. TBARS inhibiting capacity was increased by fermentation but not by thermal treatment. A higher ability to decrease Cu(2+)/H2O2-induced electrophoretic mobility of LDL was found in fermented when compared to raw legume extracts, and a higher protective effect on short term metabolic status of HT-29 cells was found for raw and lactobacillus-fermented Vigna followed by naturally fermented Vigna extracts. Significant improvements in plasma antioxidant capacity and hepatic activity of antioxidant enzymes were observed in rats that consumed fermented legume flours when compared to the untreated legume or a casein-methionine control diet. In addition, liver weight and plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were also positively affected by untreated or naturally fermented Vigna. CONCLUSION V. unguiculata has demonstrated its potential as a functional food with interesting antioxidant and lipid lowering properties, which can be further augmented by fermentation processes associated or not to thermal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Kapravelou
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
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Effect of black and red cabbage on plasma carotenoid levels, lipid profile and oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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