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Beinke C, Port M, Scherthan H. Postirradiation temperature influences DSB repair and dicentric chromosome formation-potential impact for dicentric chromosome analysis in interlaboratory comparisons. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1485-1494. [PMID: 37721069 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the influence of different pre-storage temperatures in the dicentric chromosome analysis (DCA) protocol (22°C vs. 37°C) by using γ-H2AX + 53BP1 foci as a marker for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand break (DSB) damage induction and repair and the formation of dicentric chromosomes as a result of mis-repair. Repair of γ-H2AX + 53BP1 DSB foci was absent in samples that were incubated for 2 h at 22°C after exposure of 0.5 and 1.2 Gy. When 0.5- and 1.2-Gy-exposed samples were incubated at 37°C for 2 h, there was an average decline of 31 and 52% of DSB foci, respectively. This indicated that DNA repair occurred. There was a 27% decrease in dicentric chromosome yield at 1.2 Gy and a 15% decrease at 3.5 Gy after post-irradiation incubation for 2 h at 37°C relative to the observed dicentric frequencies at 22°C. Recommended to re-phase: our data suggested that there were more open DSBs after a 2-h incubation at 22°C, which contributed to more mis-repair and dicentric formation from the start of culture. Our findings are corroborated by publications showing that lesion interaction based on enzymatic activity is suppressed below 21°C. As such temperature variations can be a source of variation in DCA during interlaboratory comparison studies, we propose to establish a common guide for the standardisation of pre-culture conditions in cytogenetic dosimetry proficiency testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr.11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr.11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr.11, D-80937 Munich, Germany
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Płódowska M, Krakowiak W, Węgierek-Ciuk A, Lankoff A, Szary K, Lis K, Wojcik A, Lisowska H. Hypothermia differentially modulates the formation and decay of NBS1, γH2AX and 53BP1 foci in U2OS cells exposed to gamma radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5878. [PMID: 35393518 PMCID: PMC8989987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In studies on the mechanism of DNA damage response where ionizing radiation is used as the DNA damaging agent, cells are often exposed to ionizing radiation on melting ice (corresponding to 0.8 °C). The purpose of this procedure is to inhibit cellular processes i.e. DNA repair. Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage, but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of hypothermia at the level of formation and decay of NBS1, γH2AX, and 53BP1 foci, micronuclei, survival, cell cycle progression and oxidative stress in U2OS cells. The results show that hypothermia alone induced oxidative stress and foci. When applied in combination with radiation but only during the exposure time, it potentiated the formation of γH2AX and 53BP1 but not of NBS1 foci. When applied during irradiation and subsequent repair time, 53BP1 and NBS1 foci formed and decayed, but the levels were markedly lower than when repair was carried out at 37 °C. The frequency of micronuclei was elevated in cells irradiated at 0.8 °C, but only when analysed 20 h after irradiation which is likely due to a reduced G2 cell cycle block. Hypothermia reduced cell survival, both with and without radiation exposure. The temperature effect should be considered when cooling cells on melting ice to inhibit DNA repair in the induction of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Płódowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Krakowiak
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Aneta Węgierek-Ciuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Szary
- Department of Atomic Physics and Nanophysics, Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lis
- Department of Medical Physics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.,Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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The Effect of Low Temperatures on Environmental Radiation Damage in Living Systems: Does Hypothermia Show Promise for Space Travel? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176349. [PMID: 32882991 PMCID: PMC7504535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature treatments (i.e., hypothermia) may be one way of regulating environmental radiation damage in living systems. With this in mind, hibernation under hypothermic conditions has been proposed as a useful approach for long-term human space flight. However, the underlying mechanisms of hypothermia-induced radioresistance are as yet undetermined, and the conventional risk assessment of radiation exposure during hibernation remains insufficient for estimating the effects of chronic exposure to galactic cosmic rays (GCRs). To promote scientific discussions on the application of hibernation in space travel, this literature review provides an overview of the progress to date in the interdisciplinary research field of radiation biology and hypothermia and addresses possible issues related to hypothermic treatments as countermeasures against GCRs. At present, there are concerns about the potential effects of chronic radiation exposure on neurological disorders, carcinogenesis, ischemia heat failures, and infertility in astronauts; these require further study. These concerns may be resolved by comparing and integrating data gleaned from experimental and epidemiological studies.
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Impact of ATM and DNA-PK Inhibition on Gene Expression and Individual Response of Human Lymphocytes to Mixed Beams of Alpha Particles and X-Rays. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122013. [PMID: 31847107 PMCID: PMC6966634 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a synergistic effect in cells simultaneously exposed to different types of clustered and dispersed DNA damage. We aimed to analyse the effect of mixed beams of alpha particles and X-rays (1:1 dose of each) on DNA damage response genes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from four donors. Two donors were compared upon inhibition of ATM or DNA-PK and at different sampling times. qPCR was used to measure mRNA levels of FDXR, GADD45A, BBC3, MDM2, CDKN1A, and XPC 24 h following exposure. Generally, alpha particles and mixed beams were stronger inducers of gene expression compared to X-rays, displaying saturated versus linear dose–response curves, respectively. Three out of four donors responded synergistically to mixed beams. When two donors were sampled again one year later, the former additive effect in one donor was now synergistic and no significant difference in intrinsic radiosensitivity was displayed, as determined by gamma-radiation-induced micronuclei. ATM, but not DNA-PK inhibition, reduced the radiation-induced gene expression, but differently for alpha radiation between the two donors. In conclusion, synergy was present for all donors, but the results suggest individual variability in the response to mixed beams, most likely due to lifestyle changes.
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Groves AM, Williams JP. Saving normal tissues - a goal for the ages. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:920-935. [PMID: 30822213 PMCID: PMC7183326 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Almost since the earliest utilization of ionizing radiation, many within the radiation community have worked toward either preventing (i.e. protecting) normal tissues from unwanted radiation injury or rescuing them from the downstream consequences of exposure. However, despite over a century of such investigations, only incremental gains have been made toward this goal and, with certainty, no outright panacea having been found. In celebration of the 60th anniversary of the International Journal of Radiation Biology and to chronicle the efforts that have been made to date, we undertook a non-rigorous survey of the articles published by normal tissue researchers in this area, using those that have appeared in the aforementioned journal as a road map. Three 'snapshots' of publications on normal tissue countermeasures were taken: the earliest (1959-1963) and most recent (2013-2018) 5-year of issues, as well as a 5-year intermediate span (1987-1991). Limiting the survey solely to articles appearing within International Journal of Radiation Biology likely reduced the number of translational studies interrogated given the basic science tenor of this particular publication. In addition, by taking 'snapshots' rather than considering the entire breadth of the journal's history in this field, important papers that were published during the interim periods were omitted, for which we apologize. Nonetheless, since the journal's inception, we observed that, during the chosen periods, the majority of studies undertaken in the field of normal tissue countermeasures, whether investigating radiation protectants, mitigators or treatments, have focused on agents that interfere with the physical, chemical and/or biological effects known to occur during the acute period following whole body/high single dose exposures. This relatively narrow approach to the reduction of normal tissue effects, especially those that can take months, if not years, to develop, seems to contradict our growing understanding of the progressive complexities of the microenvironmental disruption that follows the initial radiation injury. Given the analytical tools now at our disposal and the enormous benefits that may be reaped in terms of improving patient outcomes, as well as the potential for offering countermeasures to those affected by accidental or mass casualty exposures, it appears time to broaden our approaches to developing normal tissue countermeasures. We have no doubt that the contributors and readership of the International Journal of Radiation Biology will continue to contribute to this effort for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Groves
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
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Gałecki M, Tartas A, Szymanek A, Sims E, Lundholm L, Sollazzo A, Cheng L, Fujishima Y, Yoshida MA, Żygierewicz J, Wojcik A, Brzozowska-Wardecka B. Precision of scoring radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei by unexperienced scorers. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1251-1258. [PMID: 31140900 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1625462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Dose assessment plays an important role in case of radiological accidents and can be performed by scoring structural changes of chromosome morphology induced in cells by ionizing radiation. The results of such a test are biased by scorer experience, therefore, simple to learn assays are recommended to be used when fast analysis of a large amount of data is needed. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two radiobiological assays - chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei - by unexperienced scorers with the reference values generated by an expert. Materials and methods: Each participant of an EU-funded two-week radiobiology course was asked to score Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to gamma radiation up to 4 Gy. The congruence of students' and expert's scores at each dose and the coherence of the dose-response curve parameters between the students were investigated. Results: Micronucleus test tended to be faster and easier to learn than scoring chromosomal aberrations. However, both assays carried out by inexperienced students showed reasonable dose-response curves. Conclusions: In the case of a large radiological accident involving many casualties, the unexperienced scorers would support the process of biodosimetric triage by cytogenetic biological dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gałecki
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Adrianna Tartas
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Emma Sims
- The Bioinformatics Group, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Cranfield University , Bedford , UK
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Mitsuaki A Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University , Hirosaki , Japan
| | - Jarosław Żygierewicz
- Biomedical Physics Division, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden.,Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
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Lisowska H, Cheng L, Sollazzo A, Lundholm L, Wegierek-Ciuk A, Sommer S, Lankoff A, Wojcik A. Hypothermia modulates the DNA damage response to ionizing radiation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:551-557. [PMID: 29668347 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1466206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low temperature at exposure has been shown to act in a radioprotective manner at the level of cytogenetic damage. It was suggested to be due to an effective transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal damage at low temperature. The purpose of the study was to analyze the kinetics of aberration formation during the first hours after exposing human peripheral blood lymphocytes to ionizing radiation at 0.8 °C and 37 °C. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, we applied the technique of premature chromosome condensation. In addition, DNA damage response was analyzed by measuring the levels of phosphorylated DNA damage responsive proteins ATM, DNA-PK and p53 and mRNA levels of the radiation-responsive genes BBC3, FDXR, GADD45A, XPC, MDM2 and CDKN1A. RESULTS A consistently lower frequency of chromosomal breaks was observed in cells exposed at 0.8 °C as compared to 37 °C already after 30 minutes postexposure. This effect was accompanied by elevated levels of phosphorylated ATM and DNA-PK proteins and a reduced immediate level of phosphorylated p53 and of the responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Low temperature at exposure appears to promote DNA repair leading to reduced transformation of DNA damage to chromosomal aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Lisowska
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Lei Cheng
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Alice Sollazzo
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Aneta Wegierek-Ciuk
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
| | - Sylwester Sommer
- c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Lankoff
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,c Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- a Department of Radiobiology and Immunology , Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland.,b Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences , The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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Cerri M, Tinganelli W, Negrini M, Helm A, Scifoni E, Tommasino F, Sioli M, Zoccoli A, Durante M. Hibernation for space travel: Impact on radioprotection. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2016; 11:1-9. [PMID: 27993187 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation is a state of reduced metabolic activity used by some animals to survive in harsh environmental conditions. The idea of exploiting hibernation for space exploration has been proposed many years ago, but in recent years it is becoming more realistic, thanks to the introduction of specific methods to induce hibernation-like conditions (synthetic torpor) in non-hibernating animals. In addition to the expected advantages in long-term exploratory-class missions in terms of resource consumptions, aging, and psychology, hibernation may provide protection from cosmic radiation damage to the crew. Data from over half century ago in animal models suggest indeed that radiation effects are reduced during hibernation. We will review the mechanisms of increased radioprotection in hibernation, and discuss possible impact on human space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Negrini
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexander Helm
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Maximiliano Sioli
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Zoccoli
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Section of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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