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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Eibensteiner F, Mišík M, Krupitza G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus cytome assays with buccal cells for the detection of genotoxic effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational exposures to metals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108510. [PMID: 39004337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assays with buccal cells are at present widely used to investigate occupational exposures to genotoxic carcinogens. This article describes their use for the monitoring of metal exposed workers. We found in total 73 relevant articles, in the majority (97 %) increased MN and/or other nuclear anomalies were reported. Most studies were realized in South East Asia and South America. A variety of different occupations was studied including welders, electroplaters, painters, workers in battery recycling and production, tannery workers, dental technicians, miners, workers in foundries and smelters, and also subjects working in waste recycling, glass, aluminum and steel production. In many investigations the effects increased with the duration of the working period. The quality of individual studies was evaluated with a quality score tool. The number of cells was in most studies sufficient and DNA-specific stains were used. However, many studies have shortcomings, e.g. they focused solely on MN formation and did not evaluate anomalies, which provide additional information about the stability of the genetic material and acute cytotoxic effects. Only 35 % of the investigations contain quantitative information about exposures to metals and other toxicants. In 6 of these studies, correlations were observed between the concentrations of specific metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd) in body fluids and MN frequencies. Taken together, the available data indicate that the MN assay can be used to detect chromosomal damage in metal exposed groups; furthermore, it enables also comparisons between subgroups differing in regard to their exposure and allows an estimation of the efficiency of protective measures. The exposure of workers to metals is currently controlled with chemical analytical measurements only, MN assays with buccal cells could contribute to further improve the safety at workplaces as they reflect the biological consequences including synergistic and antagonistic interactions between toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Florian Eibensteiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
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Moraes NGDR, Bonifácio ADS, Reis FO, Velho TDA, Ramires PF, Brum RDL, Penteado JO, Da Silva Júnior FMR. Frequencies of micronuclei in buccal cells and their spatial distribution in a population living in proximity to coal mining areas in southern Brazil. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 897:503783. [PMID: 39054011 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The extraction and burning of coal release genotoxic pollutants, and understanding the relationship between genetic damage and the spatial distribution of residences in coal-using regions is crucial. The study aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of genotoxic damage through the of micronuclei (MNs) number and their proximity to coal mining/burning in the largest coal exploration region in Brazil. In this study, the detection of genotoxic damage was performed using the MN assay in oral cells of residents exposed to coal mining activities. Spatial analysis was conducted using QGIS 3.28.10 based on information obtained from a questionnaire administered to the population. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the distance from residential areas to polluting sources on the number of MNs found. Additionally, Spearman's correlation was performed to identify the strength and direction of the association between the frequency of MNs and each of the polluting sources. A total of 147 MNs were quantified among all participants in the coal mining region. Notably, residents living within 2 km and 10 km of pollution sources exhibited the highest prevalence of MNs. The analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between closer proximity to pollution sources and increased MN frequency, underscoring the spatial relationship between these sources and genotoxic damage. Environmental pollutants from anthropogenic sources present a major health risk, potentially leading to irreversible damage. The spatial analysis in this study highlights the importance of targeted public policies. These policies should aim for a sustainable balance between economic development and public health, promoting effective measures to mitigate environmental impacts and protect community health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niely Galeão da Rosa Moraes
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia da Silva Bonifácio
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Oliveira Reis
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Thais Dos Anjos Velho
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Florencio Ramires
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Brum
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Oliveira Penteado
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Manoel Rodrigues Da Silva Júnior
- Laboratório de Ensaios Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102- Centro, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil.
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Mórocz M, Qorri E, Pekker E, Tick G, Haracska L. Exploring RAD18-dependent replication of damaged DNA and discontinuities: A collection of advanced tools. J Biotechnol 2024; 380:1-19. [PMID: 38072328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways mitigate the effects of DNA damage during replication by rescuing the replication fork stalled at a DNA lesion or other barriers and also repair discontinuities left in the newly replicated DNA. From yeast to mammalian cells, RAD18-regulated translesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS) represent the dominant pathways of DDT. Monoubiquitylation of the polymerase sliding clamp PCNA by HRAD6A-B/RAD18, an E2/E3 protein pair, enables the recruitment of specialized TLS polymerases that can insert nucleotides opposite damaged template bases. Alternatively, the subsequent polyubiquitylation of monoubiquitin-PCNA by Ubc13-Mms2 (E2) and HLTF or SHPRH (E3) can lead to the switching of the synthesis from the damaged template to the undamaged newly synthesized sister strand to facilitate synthesis past the lesion. When immediate TLS or TS cannot occur, gaps may remain in the newly synthesized strand, partly due to the repriming activity of the PRIMPOL primase, which can be filled during the later phases of the cell cycle. The first part of this review will summarize the current knowledge about RAD18-dependent DDT pathways, while the second part will offer a molecular toolkit for the identification and characterization of the cellular functions of a DDT protein. In particular, we will focus on advanced techniques that can reveal single-stranded and double-stranded DNA gaps and their repair at the single-cell level as well as monitor the progression of single replication forks, such as the specific versions of the DNA fiber and comet assays. This collection of methods may serve as a powerful molecular toolkit to monitor the metabolism of gaps, detect the contribution of relevant pathways and molecular players, as well as characterize the effectiveness of potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Mórocz
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Erda Qorri
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
| | - Emese Pekker
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Tick
- Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Haracska
- HCEMM-HUN-REN BRC Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis Research Group, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2. H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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Boaretto FBM, da Silva J, Scotti A, Torres JS, Garcia ALH, Rodrigues GZP, Gehlen G, Rodrigues VB, Charão MF, Soares GM, Dias JF, Picada JN. Comparative toxicity of coal and coal ash: Assessing biological impacts and potential mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo testing. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127343. [PMID: 38035449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coal and coal ash present inorganic elements associated with negative impacts on environment and human health. The objective of this study was to compare the toxicity of coal and coal ash from a power plant, assess their inorganic components, and investigate the biological impacts and potential mechanisms through in vitro and in vivo testing. METHODS Particle-Induced X-ray Emission method was used to quantify inorganic elements and the toxicity was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia magna in acute and chronic procedures. The genotoxic potential was assessed using alkaline and FPG-modified Comet assay in HepG2 cells and mutagenicity was evaluated using Salmonella/microsome assay in TA97a, TA100, and TA102 strains. RESULTS Inorganic elements such as aluminum (Al) and chromium (Cr) were detected at higher concentrations in coal ash compared to coal. These elements were found to be associated with increased toxicity of coal ash in both Caenorhabditis elegans and Daphnia magna. Coal and coal ash did not induce gene mutations, but showed genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells, which were increased using the FPG enzyme, indicating DNA oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS The combined findings from bioassays using C. elegans and D. magna support the higher toxicity of coal ash, which can be attributed to its elevated levels of inorganic elements. The genotoxicity observed in HepG2 cells confirms these results. This study highlights the need for continuous monitoring in areas affected by environmental degradation caused by coal power plants. Additionally, the analysis reveals significantly higher concentrations of various inorganic elements in coal ash compared to coal, providing insight into the specific elemental composition contributing to its increased toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B M Boaretto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Scotti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jayne S Torres
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana L H Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Z P Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Posgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Posgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícios B Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Bioanalyses, Posgraduate Program in Toxicology and Toxicological Analysis, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele F Charão
- Laboratory of Bioanalyses, Posgraduate Program in Toxicology and Toxicological Analysis, University Feevale, ERS-239, 2755, 93525-075 Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Soares
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny F Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline N Picada
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Av. Farroupilha 8001, 92425-900 Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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5
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Pastor-Sierra K, Espitia-Pérez L, Espitia-Pérez P, Peñata-Taborda A, Brango H, Galeano-Páez C, Bru-Cordero OE, Palma-Parra M, Díaz SM, Trillos C, Briceño L, Idrovo ÁJ, Miranda-Pacheco J, Téllez E, Jiménez-Vidal L, Coneo-Pretelt A, Álvarez AH, Arteaga-Arroyo G, Ricardo-Caldera D, Salcedo-Arteaga S, Porras-Ramírez A, Varona-Uribe M. Micronuclei frequency and exposure to chemical mixtures in three Colombian mining populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165789. [PMID: 37499817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The Colombian mining industry has witnessed significant growth. Depending on the scale and mineral extracted, complex chemical mixtures are generated, impacting the health of occupationally exposed populations and communities near mining projects. Increasing evidence suggests that chromosomal instability (CIN) is an important link between the development of certain diseases and exposure to complex mixtures. To better understand the effects of exposure to complex mixtures we performed a biomonitoring study on 407 healthy individuals from four areas: three located in municipalities exploiting different-scale mining systems and a reference area with no mining activity. Large, medium, and small-scale mining systems were analyzed in Montelibano (Córdoba), artisanal and small-scale mining (ASGM) in Nechí (Antioquia), and a closed mining system in Aranzazu (Caldas). The reference area with no mining activity was established in Montería (Córdoba). ICP-MS measured multi-elemental exposure in hair, and CIN was evaluated using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique (MNBN). Exposure to mixtures of chemical elements was comparable in workers and residents of the mining areas but significantly higher compared to reference individuals. In Montelibano, increased MNBN frequencies were associated with combined exposure to Se, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Mg. This distinct pattern significantly differed from other areas. Specifically, in Nechí, Cr, Ni, Hg, Se, and Mg emerged as the primary contributors to elevated frequencies of MNBN. In contrast, a combination of Hg and Ni played a role in increasing MNBN in Aranzazu. Interestingly, Se consistently correlated with increased MNBN frequencies across all active mining areas. Chemical elements in Montelibano exhibit a broader range compared to other mining zones, reflecting the characteristics of the high-impact and large-scale mining in the area. This research provides valuable insights into the effects of exposure to chemical mixtures, underscoring the importance of employing this approach in the risk assessment of communities, especially those from residential areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Pastor-Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia; Programa de doctorado en Salud Pública, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia.
| | - Pedro Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Ana Peñata-Taborda
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Hugo Brango
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Claudia Galeano-Páez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | | | - Marien Palma-Parra
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sonia M Díaz
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Trillos
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Briceño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Álvaro J Idrovo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Juan Miranda-Pacheco
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Eliana Téllez
- Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública, Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Jiménez-Vidal
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Andrés Coneo-Pretelt
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Alicia Humanez Álvarez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Gean Arteaga-Arroyo
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Dina Ricardo-Caldera
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | - Shirley Salcedo-Arteaga
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
| | | | - Marcela Varona-Uribe
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Miranda-Guevara A, Muñoz-Acevedo A, Fiorillo-Moreno O, Acosta-Hoyos A, Pacheco-Londoño L, Quintana-Sosa M, De Moya Y, Dias J, de Souza GS, Martinez-Lopez W, Garcia ALH, da Silva J, Borges MS, Henriques JAP, León-Mejía G. The dangerous link between coal dust exposure and DNA damage: unraveling the role of some of the chemical agents and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:7081-7097. [PMID: 37542205 PMCID: PMC10517898 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to coal mining dust poses a substantial health hazard to individuals due to the complex mixture of components released during the extraction process. This study aimed to assess the oxidative potential of residual coal mining dust on human lymphocyte DNA and telomeres and to perform a chemical characterization of coal dust and urine samples. The study included 150 individuals exposed to coal dust for over ten years, along with 120 control individuals. The results revealed significantly higher levels of DNA damage in the exposed group, as indicated by the standard comet assay, and oxidative damage, as determined by the FPG-modified comet assay. Moreover, the exposed individuals exhibited significantly shorter telomeres compared to the control group, and a significant correlation was found between telomere length and oxidative DNA damage. Using the PIXE method on urine samples, significantly higher concentrations of sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and bromine (Br) were observed in the exposed group compared to the control group. Furthermore, men showed shorter telomeres, greater DNA damage, and higher concentrations of nickel (Ni), calcium (Ca), and chromium (Cr) compared to exposed women. Additionally, the study characterized the particles released into the environment through GC-MS analysis, identifying several compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as fluoranthene, naphthalene, anthracene, 7H-benzo[c]fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, and some alkyl derivatives. These findings underscore the significant health risks associated with exposure to coal mining dust, emphasizing the importance of further research and the implementation of regulatory measures to safeguard the health of individuals in affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Miranda-Guevara
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Amner Muñoz-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ornella Fiorillo-Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
- Clínica Iberoamerica, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Clinica el Carmen, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Antonio Acosta-Hoyos
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Leonardo Pacheco-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Yurina De Moya
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Johnny Dias
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Soares de Souza
- Laboratório de Implantação Iônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilner Martinez-Lopez
- Ministry of Education and Culture, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, La Salle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology. PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Malu Siqueira Borges
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology. PPGBioSaúde (Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health), Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Grethel León-Mejía
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cra 53 Calle 64-51, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia.
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Sani A, Abdullahi IL, Khan MI, Cao C. Analyses of oxidative DNA damage among coal vendors via single cell gel electrophoresis and quantification of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04826-9. [PMID: 37594629 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Looking at the development status of Nigeria and other developing nations, most low-income and rural households often use coal as a source of energy which necessitates its trade very close to the communities. Moreover, the effects of exposure to coal mining activities are rarely explored or yet to be studied, not to mention the numerous street coal vendors in Nigeria. This study investigated the oxidative stress levels in serum and urine through the biomarker 8-OHdG and DNA damage via single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline comet assay). Blood and urine levels of 8-OHdG from 130 coal vendors and 130 population-based controls were determined by ELISA. Alkaline comet assay was also performed on white blood cells for DNA damage. The average values of 8-OHdG in serum and urine of coal vendors were 22.82 and 16.03 ng/ml respectively, which were significantly greater than those detected in controls (p < 0.001; 15.46 and 10.40 ng/ml of 8-OHdG in serum and urine respectively). The average tail length, % DNA in tail and olive tail moment were 25.06 μm, 18.71% and 4.42 respectively for coal vendors. However, for controls, the average values were 4.72 μm, 3.63% and 1.50 for tail length, % DNA in tail and olive tail moment respectively which were much lower than coal vendors (p < 0.001). Therefore, prolonged exposure to coal dusts could lead to higher serum and urinary 8-OHdG and significant DNA damage in coal vendors observed in tail length, % DNA in tail, and olive tail moment by single cell gel electrophoresis. It is therefore established that coal vendors exhibit a huge risk from oxidative stress and assessment of 8-OHdG with single cell gel electrophoresis has proven to be a feasible tool as biomarkers of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sani
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, 3011, Nigeria.
| | - Ibrahim Lawal Abdullahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, 3011, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Idrees Khan
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - ChengXi Cao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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Reutova NV, Reutova TV, Dreeva FR, Shevchenko AA. Long-term impact of the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum mining and processing factory waste on environmental pollution and children's population. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4557-4568. [PMID: 35188606 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the consequences of the long-term impact of remediated tailing ponds from the Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum mining and processing factory on the environmental pollution and children living in the area. For more than 60 years, the factory has been engaged in the development of tungsten-molybdenum deposits by open-pit and mine methods and the enrichment of the extracted ore. More than 252,771 thousand tons of waste accumulated in its dumps and tailings ponds. This 170-hectare tailing pond contains more than 125 million tons of waste with arsenic, tungsten, molybdenum and other metals. To examine the possible accumulation of potentially toxic elements in children's bodies, we determined the content of heavy metals in drinking water and in the hair of children. An exfoliated buccal micronucleus test was used to determine the cytogenetic status of children. We did not find significant differences in the content of heavy metals inherent of a tailing pond in children's hair from polluted area compared to the control zone. In buccal cells of children living in the vicinity of the tailings pond, the total number of cytogenetic abnormalities was increased by 4.1 times, the total index of proliferation by 1.5 times, early destruction of the nucleus by 2 times and apoptosis by 1.2 times compared to the clean zone. Thus, we identified a genotoxic and cytotoxic effect on children living in the vicinity of the tailing ponds, which led to an increase in the number of children belonging to the medium- and high-risk groups. No correlations were found between the content of heavy metals in children's hair and the frequency of cells with cytogenetic abnormalities. Weak positive correlation was found between the content of manganese, zinc and copper in children's hair and the indicators of buccal epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V Reutova
- Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Reutova
- Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia
| | - Fatima R Dreeva
- Kabardino-Balkar Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nalchik, Russia
| | - Anna A Shevchenko
- Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named After H.M. Berbekov, Nalchik, Russia
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Idrees F, Batool AI, Rehman MFU, Habib SS, Akram A. Assessment of Genetic Damage in Coal Miners of Punjab, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3144-3151. [PMID: 36094694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coal miners are continuously exposed to coal mine dust and airborne particulate that act as a potential risk to their health. The present study evaluates the DNA damage in coal miners using the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay. The samples of the blood and buccal epithelial cells of 40 coal miners and 20 control subjects were taken from coal mines of Pail and Padhrar, Pakistan, to establish buccal anomaly frequencies of metal levels in the blood. Besides this, work history and duration hours were also analyzed. Results revealed that micronucleus frequencies positively correlated with the metal concentrations in the miner's blood. The change in the extent of nuclear damage per unit change in the year was 0.170 for micronuclei; however, with addition in each year of working experience, nuclear buds and broken egged nuclei increased by 0.316 and 0.194 units, where each year increases karyolysis by 0.349 units and karyorrhexis by 0.308 units, respectively. An increase in work hours and working years was positively correlated with cytogenetic damage. Nuclear damage in coal miners due to occupational exposure is obvious and increases with increasing work experience. Hence, the Buccal Micronucleus Cytome assay has proved to be an effective cytogenetic biomonitoring tool for assessing genetic and nuclear damage in coal miners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Idrees
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan.
| | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Sikandar Habib
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Aksa Akram
- Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, 40100, Pakistan
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Environmental Impacts of Coal Nanoparticles from Rehabilitated Mine Areas in Colombia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With the possible increase in mining activities and recently projected population growth in Colombia, large quantities of nanoparticles (NPs) and potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) will be of major concern to mine workers, indigenous residents, and surrounding communities. This study highlights the need to regulate the pollution from Colombian mining activities that comply with regional regulations and global strategies. Colombian coal rejects (CRs) from the Cesar Basin, Colombia, were studied primarily by advanced electron microscopic and analytical procedures. Therefore, the goal of this research is to evaluate the role of NPs in the alteration of CRs’ structure in a renewed zone at Cerrejón coal area (La Guajira, Colombia) through advanced electron microscopic (AEMs) methods. The objective of the analysis is to evaluate the incidence mode of nanoparticles, which contain potentially hazardous elements. The bulk crystallography (X-ray diffraction), chemical structure, and morphologies of NPs were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), micro-beam diffraction (MBD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) procedures. The AEMs provided comprehensive insights into the geochemical evolution of CRs. Consequently, the AEMs can be used as essential tools for CR management in coal mining areas. The regular dimension of detected NPs was found to be above 2 nm. Ultrafine particles of quartz were identified by the advanced electron microscopy. Furthermore, the findings also revealed aluminium, calcium, potassium, titanium, iron oxides, and PHEs in the CRs. The extensive water practice in the coal extraction process combined with atmospheric oxygen supports oxidations of iron sulphide, thus releasing PHEs to the surrounding environment. Dehydration of sulphate salts fluctuate at consistent humidity in the coal mine environments. The study demonstrates the great influence of coal mining activities on the environment and human health.
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Luna-Carrascal J, Quintana-Sosa M, Olivero-Verbel J. Genotoxicity biomarkers in car repair workers from Barranquilla, a Colombian Caribbean City. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:263-275. [PMID: 34839807 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.2000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals and particles generated in automotive repair shops is a common and underestimated problem. The objective of this study was to assess the genotoxic status of auto repair workers with (1) a questionnaire to gather sociodemographic information and self-reported exposure to hazardous chemicals and (2) measurement of various biochemical parameters. Blood and oral mucosa samples were collected from 174 male volunteers from Barranquilla, Colombia, aged 18-55 years: 87 were active car repairmen and 87 were individuals with no known exposure to hazardous chemicals. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected for the comet and cytokinesis-blocking micronucleus (CBMN) assays, while oral mucosal epithelium extracted to quantify micronucleated cells (MNC). DNA was extracted to assess polymorphisms in the DNA repair (XRCC1) and metabolism-related genes (GSTT1 and GSTM1) using PCR-RFLP. DNA damage and frequency of micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes and oral mucosa were significantly higher in exposed compared to control group. In both groups genotypes and allelic variants for XRCC1 and GSTT1 met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). In contrast, GSTM1 deviated from HWE. In the exposed group genotypic variants were not correlated with DNA damage or MN presence in cells. DNA damage and occurrence of MN in mucosa and lymphocytes correlated with age and time of service (occupational exposure ≥ 3 years). In summary, workers in car repair shops exhibited genotoxic effects depending upon exposure duration in the workplace which occurred independent of DNA repair XRCC1 gene and metabolism genes GSTT1 and GSTM1. Date demonstrate that health authorities improve air quality in auto repair facilities to avoid occupational DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Luna-Carrascal
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Milton Quintana-Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Arévalo-Jaramillo P, Idrobo A, Salcedo L, Cabrera A, Vintimilla A, Carrión M, Bailon-Moscoso N. Biochemical and genotoxic effects in women exposed to pesticides in Southern Ecuador. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24911-24921. [PMID: 31243655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity refers to the potential of a substance such as a pesticide to cause damage to the structure or functions of an exposed organism. Pesticides can lead to harmful biological effects in exposed animals and their offspring over the medium and long term. They can affect the immunological, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive systems. DNA damage has also been linked to exposure to pesticides, and this damage can cause abortions, degenerative diseases, and cancer. The aim of this work was to establish whether women who are indirectly exposed to pesticides exhibit a compromised health status, including genotoxic effect. Women exposed indirectly to pesticides in Chimchanga and Colaisaca in the south of Ecuador underwent hematological and biochemical tests and micronucleus assay in buccal cells. The subjects were also genotyped for GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, and PON1 polymorphisms, which can modify an individual's capacity to metabolize pesticides and relation with damage of DNA. The study revealed hepatic toxicity in Colaisaca women (AST and ALT) and an increase in the rate of micronucleus (MN) in Colaisaca individuals. In addition, genetic polymorphisms in PON1 and GSTP1 showed effects of modulating the frequency of karyolytic cells, karyorrhectic cells, and condensed chromatin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Arévalo-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP: 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Alicia Idrobo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP: 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Lorena Salcedo
- Instituto de Ruralidades del Sur del Ecuador, Juan Jose Peña y Colon., Loja, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP: 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
- Maestría en Análisis Biológico y Diagnóstico de Laboratorio, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP :1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Andrea Vintimilla
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP: 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
- Maestría en Análisis Biológico y Diagnóstico de Laboratorio, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP :1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Mayra Carrión
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP: 1101608, Loja, Ecuador
- Maestría en Análisis Biológico y Diagnóstico de Laboratorio, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP :1101608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Natalia Bailon-Moscoso
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano alto s/n, CP: 1101608, Loja, Ecuador.
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Guerrero-Castilla A, Olivero-Verbel J, Sandoval IT, Jones DA. Toxic effects of a methanolic coal dust extract on fish early life stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:100-108. [PMID: 30986591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal dust is a contaminant that impacts the terrestrial and aquatic environment with a complex mixture of chemicals, including PAHs and metals. This study aims to evaluate the toxic effect of a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage by analyzing phenotypic alterations, transcriptome changes, and mortality in zebrafish (ZF) embryos. ZF embryos were exposed to methanolic coal dust extract at 1-5000 mg·L-1 and monitored using bright field microscopy 24 and 48 hpf to determine malformations and mortality. In situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were employed to identify transcriptome changes in malformed embryos. Three malformed phenotypes were generated in a dose-dependent manner. In situ hybridization analysis revealed brain, somite, dorsal cord, and heart tube development biomarker alterations. Gene expression profile analysis identified changes in genes related to structural constituent of muscle, calcium ion binding, actin binding, melanin metabolic process, muscle contraction, sarcomere organization, cardiac myofibril assembly, oxidation-reduction process, pore complex, supramolecular fiber, striated muscle thin filament, Z disc, and intermediate filament. This study shows, for the first time, the malformations generated by a mixture of pollutants from a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage, constituting a potential risk for normal embryonic development of other aquatic vertebrate organisms. Furthermore, we establish that phenotypes and changes in gene expression induced by the extract constitute a target for future studies about mechanical toxicity and their utility as sensitive tools in environmental risk assessments for biota and humans exposed to coal mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Guerrero-Castilla
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, 1100000, Chile; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Jesús Olivero-Verbel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Imelda T Sandoval
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A Jones
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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