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Socha DE, Pownder SL, Kayano M, Koff MF, Hayashi K. Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cruciate Ligaments in Normal Beagles. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2024; 37:145-150. [PMID: 38290532 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide normative ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE MRI) data of the patellar ligament (PL), cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) and caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL) in non-lame Beagles. STUDY DESIGN Eight stifles from four subjects obtained immediately postmortem were imaged using UTE MRI in the true sagittal plane. Regions of interest were drawn manually and the total (T2*), short T2* (T2*S) and long T2* (T2*L) values of the signal decay were calculated to evaluate the bound and free water components of the tendon. The T2*S, T2*L and T2* values were compared between the PL, CrCL and CdCL RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of T2*S, T2*L and T2* were as follows: 0.54 ± 0.13, 4.65 ± 1.08 and 8.35 ± 0.82 ms for the PL; 0.46 ± 0.14, 5.99 ± 0.52 and 8.88 ± 0.4 ms for the CrCL and 0.41 ± 0.13, 7.06 ± 0.57 and 9.26 ± 0.18 ms for the CdCL. Significant differences were found between the T2*L component of the PL and each CrCL/CdCL and a smaller difference was noted between the T2*L of the CrCL and CdCL (p = 0.05). No difference of the T2*S value was found between any of the ligaments. CONCLUSION Establishing normative UTE data of the canine stifle is valuable for comparison in future studies in which normal and damaged ligaments may be evaluated, particularly in those affected limbs in which no instability is identified on physical examination in which normal and damaged ligaments may be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E Socha
- VCA Colonial Animal Hospital, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Sarah L Pownder
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mitsunori Kayano
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Matthew F Koff
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
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Pownder SL, Neri JP, Hayashi K, Vanderbeek AM, Koff MF. Age and Sex Comparison of the Canine Supraspinatus Tendon Using Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging T2 Mapping. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023; 36:87-92. [PMID: 36588292 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The normal canine supraspinatus tendon has properties commonly attributed to damage such as core hyperintensity and increased width. Little is published regarding the normal tendon, including how senescent changes and sex differences may affect the appearance. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide subjective analysis of tendons based on observer assessment of signal intensity and appearance. Quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques such as T2 mapping provide an objective comparison of collagen orientation with analysis of a decay constant, T2. This study investigates age and sex related changes in the canine supraspinatus tendon using the qMRI technique of T2 mapping. STUDY DESIGN In this study, 34 tendons of clinically sound male and female dogs (0.6-13 years) were imaged using qMRI T2 mapping techniques. Sagittal plane T2 maps of the supraspinatus tendon were depth-normalized, and profiles compared using two separate four-parameter logistic equations describing T2 mapping profiles as sigmoidal curves. Combined parameters evaluated included range of T2 values, curve steepness, vertical curve shift, lower bound of T2, upper bound of T2 and horizontal curve shift. RESULTS A significant reduction in the most central portion of the supraspinatus tendon was found for every increased year in age (-1.56 ± 0.47 milliseconds [-2.56, -0.56, p = 0.004]). No significant difference in curve parameters was found between sexes. CONCLUSION The reduction in T2 with age suggests a senescent change may be anticipated with the canine supraspinatus tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Pownder
- MRI Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States
| | - John P Neri
- MRI Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Alyssa M Vanderbeek
- Biostatistics Core, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States
| | - Matthew F Koff
- MRI Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, United States
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Li X, Roemer FW, Cicuttini F, MacKay JW, Turmezei T, Link TM. Early knee OA definition-what do we know at this stage? An imaging perspective. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231158204. [PMID: 36937824 PMCID: PMC10017942 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231158204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While criteria for early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a primary care setting have been proposed, the role of imaging has been limited to radiography using the standard Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Standardized imaging and interpretation are critical with radiographs, yet studies have also shown that even early stages of radiographic OA already demonstrate advanced damage to knee joint tissues such as cartilage, menisci, and bone marrow. Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows degenerative damage earlier than radiographs and definitions for OA using MRI have been published though no accepted definition of early OA based on MRI is currently available. The clinical significance of structural abnormalities has also not been well defined, and the differentiation between normal aging and structural OA development remains a challenge. Compositional MRI of cartilage provides information on biochemical, degenerative changes within the cartilage matrix before cartilage defects occur and when cartilage damage is potentially reversible. Studies have shown that cartilage composition can predict cartilage loss and radiographic OA. However, while this technology is most promising for characterizing early OA it has currently limited clinical application. Better standardization of compositional MRI is required, which is currently work in progress. Finally, there has been renewed interest in computed tomography (CT) for assessing early knee OA as new techniques such as weight bearing and spectral CT are available, which may provide information on joint loading, cartilage, and bone and potentially have a role in better characterizing early OA. In conclusion, while imaging may have a limited role in diagnosing early OA in a primary care setting, there are advanced imaging technologies available, which detect early degeneration and may thus significantly alter management as new therapeutic modalities evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Frank W. Roemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Flavia Cicuttini
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Monash University and Rheumatology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie W. MacKay
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Tom Turmezei
- Department of Radiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
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Emanuel KS, Kellner LJ, Peters MJM, Haartmans MJJ, Hooijmans MT, Emans PJ. The relation between the biochemical composition of knee articular cartilage and quantitative MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:650-662. [PMID: 34826570 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early and non-invasive detection of osteoarthritis (OA) is required to enable early treatment and monitoring of interventions. Some of the earliest signs of OA are the change in proteoglycan and collagen composition. The aim of this study is to establish the relations between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biochemical concentration and organization in knee articular cartilage. METHODS A preregistered systematic literature review was performed using the databases PubMed and Embase. Papers were included if quantitative MRI and a biochemical assay or polarized light microscopy (PLM) was performed on knee articular cartilage, and a quantified correlation was described. The extracted correlations were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS 21 papers were identified. The strongest pooled correlation was found for delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) vs proteoglycan concentration (r = 0.59). T1ρ relaxation times are inversely correlated to proteoglycan concentration (r = -0.54). A weak correlation between T2 relaxation times and proteoglycans was found (r = -0.38). No correlation between T2 relaxation time and collagen concentration was found (r = -0.02). A heterogeneous set of correlations between T2 relaxation times and PLM were identified, including strong correlations to anisotropy. CONCLUSION DGEMRIC measures are significantly correlated to proteoglycan concentration. The needed contrast agent is however a disadvantage; the T1ρ sequence was found as a non-invasive alternative. Remarkably, no correlation was found between T2 relaxation times and collagen concentration. T2 relaxation times is related to organization, rather than concentration of collagen fibers. PROSPERO ID CRD42020168337.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Emanuel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L J Kellner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M J M Peters
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M J J Haartmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M T Hooijmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P J Emans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Fast, Accurate, and Robust T2 Mapping of Articular Cartilage by Neural Networks. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030688. [PMID: 35328240 PMCID: PMC8947694 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For T2 mapping, the underlying mono-exponential signal decay is traditionally quantified by non-linear Least-Squares Estimation (LSE) curve fitting, which is prone to outliers and computationally expensive. This study aimed to validate a fully connected neural network (NN) to estimate T2 relaxation times and to assess its performance versus LSE fitting methods. To this end, the NN was trained and tested in silico on a synthetic dataset of 75 million signal decays. Its quantification error was comparatively evaluated against three LSE methods, i.e., traditional methods without any modification, with an offset, and one with noise correction. Following in-situ acquisition of T2 maps in seven human cadaveric knee joint specimens at high and low signal-to-noise ratios, the NN and LSE methods were used to estimate the T2 relaxation times of the manually segmented patellofemoral cartilage. In-silico modeling at low signal-to-noise ratio indicated significantly lower quantification error for the NN (by medians of 6−33%) than for the LSE methods (p < 0.001). These results were confirmed by the in-situ measurements (medians of 10−35%). T2 quantification by the NN took only 4 s, which was faster than the LSE methods (28−43 s). In conclusion, NNs provide fast, accurate, and robust quantification of T2 relaxation times.
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Chen E, Hou W, Wang H, Li J, Lin Y, Liu H, Du M, Li L, Wang X, Yang J, Yang R, Zhou C, Chen P, Zeng M, Yao Q, Chen W. Quantitative MRI evaluation of articular cartilage in patients with meniscus tear. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:911893. [PMID: 35966082 PMCID: PMC9372396 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.911893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess quantitatively articular cartilage volume, thickness, and T2 value alterations in meniscus tear patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 32 patients with meniscus tears (17 females, 15 males; mean age: 40.16 ± 11.85 years) and 24 healthy controls (12 females; 12 males; mean age: 36 ± 9.14 years). All subjects were examined by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D dual-echo steady-state (DESS) and T2 mapping images. All patients underwent diagnostic arthroscopy and treatment. Cartilage thickness, cartilage volume and T2 values of 21 subregions of knee cartilage were measured using the prototype KneeCaP software (version 2.1; Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Mann-Whitney-U tests were utilized to determine if there were any significant differences among subregional articular cartilage volume, thickness and T2 value between patients with meniscus tear and the control group. RESULTS The articular cartilage T2 values in all subregions of the femur and tibia in the meniscus tear group were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than in the healthy control group. The cartilage thickness of the femoral condyle medial, femur trochlea, femur condyle lateral central, tibia plateau medial anterior and patella facet medial inferior in the meniscus tear group were slightly higher than in the control group (p< 0.05). In the femur trochlea medial, patella facet medial inferior, tibia plateau lateral posterior and tibia plateau lateral central, there were significant differences in relative cartilage volume percentage between the meniscus tear group and the healthy control group (p< 0.05). Nineteen patients had no cartilage abnormalities (Grade 0) in the meniscus tear group, as confirmed by arthroscopic surgery, and their T2 values in most subregions were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than those of the healthy control group. CONCLUSION The difference in articular cartilage indexes between patients with meniscus tears and healthy people without such tears can be detected by using quantitative MRI. Quantitative T2 values enable early and sensitive detection of early cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yangjing Lin
- Centre of Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingshan Du
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Changru Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pinzhen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiandong Yao
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Science City Hospital, Mianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Qiandong Yao,
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Chen, ; Qiandong Yao,
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Fernquest S, Palmer A, Gammer B, Hirons E, Kendrick B, Taylor A, De Berker H, Bangerter N, Carr A, Glyn-Jones S. Compositional MRI of the Hip: Reproducibility, Effect of Joint Unloading, and Comparison of T2 Relaxometry with Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage. Cartilage 2021; 12:418-430. [PMID: 30971110 PMCID: PMC8461155 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519841670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare T2 with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in the hip and assess the reproducibility and effect of joint unloading on T2 mapping. DESIGN Ten individuals at high risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (SibKids) underwent contemporaneous T2 mapping and dGEMRIC in the hip (10 hips). Twelve healthy volunteers underwent T2 mapping of both hips (24 hips) at time points 25, 35, 45, and 55 minutes post offloading. Acetabular and femoral cartilage was manually segmented into regions of interest. The relationship between T2 and dGEMRIC values from anatomically corresponding regions of interests was quantified using Pearson's correlation. The reproducibility of image analysis for T2 and dGEMRIC, and reproducibility of image acquisition for T2, was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), root mean square coefficient of variance (RMSCoV), smallest detectable difference (SDD), and Bland-Altman plots. The paired t test was used to determine if difference existed in T2 values at different unloading times. RESULTS T2 values correlated most strongly with dGEMRIC values in diseased cartilage (r = -0.61, P = <0.001). T2 image analysis (segmentation) reproducibility was ICC = 0.96 to 0.98, RMSCoV = 3.5% to 5.2%, and SDD = 2.2 to 3.5 ms. T2 values at 25 minutes unloading were not significantly different to longer unloading times (P = 0.132). SDD for T2 image acquisition reproducibility was 7.1 to 7.4 ms. CONCLUSIONS T2 values in the hip correlate well with dGEMRIC in areas of cartilage damage. T2 shows high reproducibility and values do not change beyond 25 minutes of joint unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fernquest
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Scott Fernquest, Botnar Research Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Antony Palmer
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bonnie Gammer
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Hirons
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Kendrick
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry De Berker
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neal Bangerter
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Multi-vendor multi-site T 1ρ and T 2 quantification of knee cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1539-1550. [PMID: 32739341 PMCID: PMC8094841 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop 3D T1ρ and T2 imaging based on the same sequence structure on MR systems from multiple vendors, and to evaluate intra-site repeatability and inter-site inter-vendor reproducibility of T1ρ and T2 measurements of knee cartilage. METHODS 3D magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient echo snapshots (3D MAPSS) were implemented on MR systems from Siemens, GE and Philips. Phantom and human subject data were collected at four sites using 3T MR systems from the three vendors with harmonized protocols. Phantom data were collected by means of different positioning of the coil. Volunteers were scanned and rescanned after repositioning. Two traveling volunteers were scanned at all sites. Data were transferred to one site for centralized processing. RESULTS Intra-site average coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged from 1.09% to 3.05% for T1ρ and 1.78-3.30% for T2 in phantoms, and 1.60-3.93% for T1ρ and 1.44-4.08% for T2 in volunteers. Inter-site average CVs were 5.23% and 6.45% for MAPSS T1ρ and T2, respectively in phantoms, and 8.14% and 10.06% for MAPSS T1ρ and T2, respectively, In volunteers. CONCLUSION This study showed promising results of multi-site, multi-vendor reproducibility of T1ρ and T2 values in knee cartilage. These quantitative measures may be applied in large-scale multi-site, multi-vendor trials with controlled sequence structure and scan parameters and centralized data processing.
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Edd SN, Babel H, Kerkour N, Jolles BM, Omoumi P, Favre J. Comprehensive description of T2 value spatial variations in non-osteoarthritic femoral cartilage using three-dimensional registration of morphological and relaxometry data. Knee 2019; 26:555-563. [PMID: 31078393 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop and assess a method of quantifying cartilage T2 relaxation times in a series of volumes of interest (VOIs) covering the entire cartilage of the femoral condyles. Subsequently, the method was used to test for T2 spatial variations in non-osteoarthritic (OA) knees. METHODS Ten non-OA subjects (five female, average 30 years) were enrolled after informed consent. Three-dimensional bone and cartilage models were created by double echo steady state (DESS) morphological magnetic resonance image (MRI) segmentation, and the models were semi-manually registered with multi-slice, multi-echo (MSME) T2 MRI. Mean T2 values were calculated for 12 VOIs derived from cartilage thickness literature and their respective superficial and deep layers. RESULTS Analyses showed that intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the presented method were "good" to "excellent" in more than 90% of the VOIs. Additionally, several spatial differences in T2 values were observed, including, for the medial condyle, higher T2 values in the anterior and central VOIs versus in the posterior VOI (p < .05). T2 values were also generally higher in the superficial versus deep layers (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The presented MRI T2 analysis method is reliable and provides a comprehensive quantification of spatial heterogeneity of healthy cartilage compositional properties. This method can be further applied to better understand knee OA pathophysiology and potentially define clinically relevant diagnostic features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Edd
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hugo Babel
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Kerkour
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte M Jolles
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Omoumi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Favre
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Nixon AM, Meadowcroft MD, Neely EB, Snyder AM, Purnell CJ, Wright J, Lamendella R, Nandar W, Huang X, Connor JR. HFE Genotype Restricts the Response to Paraquat in a Mouse Model of Neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 2018; 145:299-311. [PMID: 29315562 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is marked clinically by motor dysfunction and pathologically by dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra. The driver underlying iron accumulation remains unknown and could be genetic or environmental. The HFE protein is critical for the regulation of cellular iron uptake. Mutations within this protein are associated with increased iron accumulation including in the brain. We have focused on the commonly occurring H63D variant of the HFE gene as a disease modifier in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the role of H63D HFE genotype, we generated a mouse model in which the wild-type (WT) HFE gene is replaced by the H67D gene variant (mouse homolog of the human H63D gene variant). Using paraquat toxicity as the model for Parkinson's disease, we found that WT mice responded as expected with significantly greater motor function, loss of tyrosine hydroxylase staining and increase microglial staining in the substantia nigra, and an increase in R2 relaxation rate within the substantia nigra of the paraquat-treated mice compared to their saline-treated counterparts. In contrast, the H67D mice showed a remarkable resistance to paraquat treatment; specifically differing from the WT mice with no changes in motor function or changes in R2 relaxation rates following paraquat exposure. At baseline, there were differences between the H67D HFE mice and WT mice in gut microbiome profile and increased L-ferritin staining in the substantia nigra that could account for the resistance to paraquat. Of particular note, the H67D HFE mice regardless of whether or not they were treated with paraquat had significantly less tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining than WT. Our results clearly demonstrate that the HFE genotype impacts the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra, the gut microbiome and the response to paraquat providing additional support that the HFE genotype is a disease modifier for Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the finding that the HFE mutant mice are resistant to paraquat may provide a model in which to study resistant mechanisms to neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Nixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda M Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carson J Purnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Regina Lamendella
- Wright Labs, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wint Nandar
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mars M, Chelli M, Tbini Z, Ladeb F, Gharbi S. MRI T2 Mapping of Knee Articular Cartilage Using Different Acquisition Sequences and Calculation Methods at 1.5 Tesla. Med Princ Pract 2018; 27:443-450. [PMID: 29895028 PMCID: PMC6243913 DOI: 10.1159/000490796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine how magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition techniques and calculation methods affect T2 values of knee cartilage at 1.5 tesla and to identify sequences that can be used for high-resolution T2 mapping in short scanning times. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on phantom and 29 patients who underwent MRI of the knee joint at 1.5 tesla. The protocol includes T2 mapping sequences based on Single-Echo Spin Echo (SESE), Multi-Echo Spin Echo (MESE), Fast Spin Echo (FSE) and Turbo Gradient Spin Echo (TGSE). The T2 relaxation times were quantified and evaluated using three calculation methods (MapIt, Syngo Offline and mono-exponential fit). signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were measured in all sequences. All statistical analyses were performed using the t-test. RESULTS The average T2 values in phantom were 41.7 ± 13.8 ms for SESE, 43.2 ± 14.4 ms for MESE, 42.4 ± 14.1 ms for FSE and 44 ± 14.5 ms for TGSE. In the patient study, the mean differences were 6.5 ± 8.2 ms, 7.8 ± 7.6 ms and 8.4 ± 14.2 ms for MESE, FSE and TGSE compared to SESE, respectively; these statistical results were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The comparison between the three calculation methods showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The t-test showed no significant difference between SNR values for all sequences. CONCLUSION T2 values depend not only on the sequence type but also on the calculation method. None of the sequences revealed significant differences compared to the SESE reference sequence. TGSE with its short scanning time can be used for high-resolution T2 mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhtar Mars
- Tunis University EL Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Mokhtar Mars, 29 Rue Imam Chafai La Petite Ariana, Jaafar, 2083 Tunis (Tunisia), E-Mail
| | - Mouna Chelli
- Tunis University EL Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Radiology, Kassab Institute of Orthopedics, Ksar Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Tbini
- Tunis University EL Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Ladeb
- Tunis University EL Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Radiology, Kassab Institute of Orthopedics, Ksar Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Souha Gharbi
- Tunis University EL Manar, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, Research Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Peters DG, Purnell CJ, Haaf MP, Yang QX, Connor JR, Meadowcroft MD. Dietary lipophilic iron accelerates regional brain iron-load in C57BL6 mice. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1519-1536. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Meadowcroft MD, Wang J, Purnell CJ, Peters DG, Eslinger PJ, Neely EB, Gill DJ, Vasavada M, Ali-Rahmani F, Yang QX, Connor JR. Reduced white matter MRI transverse relaxation rate in cognitively normal H63D-HFE human carriers and H67D-HFE mice. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 10:1231-1242. [PMID: 26660104 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations within the HFE protein gene sequence have been associated with increased risk of developing a number of neurodegenerative disorders. To this effect, an animal model has been created which incorporates the mouse homologue to the human H63D-HFE mutation: the H67D-HFE knock-in mouse. These mice exhibit alterations in iron management proteins, have increased neuronal oxidative stress, and a disruption in cholesterol regulation. However, it remains undetermined how these differences translate to human H63D carriers in regards to white matter (WM) integrity. To this endeavor, MRI transverse relaxation rate (R2) parametrics were employed to test the hypothesis that WM alterations are present in H63D human carriers and are recapitulated in the H67D mice. H63D carriers exhibit widespread reductions in brain R2 compared to non-carriers within white matter association fibers in the brain. Similar R2 decreases within white matter tracts were observed in the H67D mouse brain. Additionally, an exacerbation of age-related R2 decrease is found in the H67D animal model in white matter regions of interest. The decrease in R2 within white matter tracts of both species is speculated to be multifaceted. The R2 changes are hypothesized to be due to alterations in axonal biochemical tissue composition. The R2 changes observed in both the human-H63D and mouse-H67D data suggest that modified white matter myelination is occurring in subjects with HFE mutations, potentially increasing vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Meadowcroft
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Radiology (The Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. .,Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, H066 - The Center for NMR Research, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Radiology (The Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Carson J Purnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Douglas G Peters
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Paul J Eslinger
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David J Gill
- Department of Neurology, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Megha Vasavada
- Department of Radiology (The Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Fatima Ali-Rahmani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Qing X Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Radiology (The Center for NMR Research), The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University - College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Nemeth A, Marco L, Boutitie F, Sdika M, Grenier D, Rabilloud M, Beuf O, Pialat J. Reproducibility of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging T
1
rho and T
2
relaxation time measurements of hip cartilage at 3.0T in healthy volunteers. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Nemeth
- Univ Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM‐Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, F‐69616Villeurbanne France
| | - Lucy Marco
- Univ Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM‐Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, F‐69616Villeurbanne France
- Radiologie et Imagerie médicale diagnostique et thérapeutique, Hôpital François MitterrandDijon France
| | - Florent Boutitie
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique‐SantéVilleurbanne France
| | - Michael Sdika
- Univ Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM‐Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, F‐69616Villeurbanne France
| | - Denis Grenier
- Univ Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM‐Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, F‐69616Villeurbanne France
| | - Muriel Rabilloud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique‐SantéVilleurbanne France
| | - Olivier Beuf
- Univ Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM‐Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS, UMR 5220, U1206, F‐69616Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Pialat
- Service de Radiologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon‐Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U1033 et Université Lyon 1Lyon France
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15
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Eagle S, Potter HG, Koff MF. Morphologic and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage for the assessment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:412-423. [PMID: 27325163 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic trauma, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, is a common source of osteoarthritis in the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive multi-planar imaging modality commonly used to evaluate hard and soft tissues of diarthrodial joints following traumatic injury. The contrast provided by generated images enables the evaluation of bone marrow lesions as well as delamination and degeneration of articular cartilage. We will provide background information about MRI signal generation and decay (T1 and T2 values), the utility of morphologic MRI, and the quantitative MRI techniques of T1ρ , T2 , and T2 * mapping, to evaluate subjects with traumatic knee injuries, such as ACL rupture. Additionally, we will provide information regarding the dGEMRIC, sodium, and gagCEST imaging techniques. Finally, the description and utility of newer post hoc analysis techniques, such as texture analysis, will be given. Continued development and refinement of these advanced MRI techniques will facilitate their clinical translation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:412-423, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Eagle
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging-MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, Room: BW-08G, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Hollis G Potter
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging-MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, Room: BW-08G, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Matthew F Koff
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging-MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, Room: BW-08G, New York, New York, 10021
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16
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Vira S, Ramme AJ, Chapman C, Xia D, Regatte RR, Chang G. Juvenile Particulate Osteochondral Allograft for Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: Detection of Altered Repair Tissue Biochemical Composition Using 7 Tesla MRI and T2 Mapping. J Foot Ankle Surg 2017; 56:26-29. [PMID: 27989341 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During the previous 2 decades, numerous surgical procedures have become available to treat osteochondral lesions of the talus. The objective of the present study was to use 7 Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify and compare T2 values (a marker of collagen architecture) of native tibiotalar cartilage and cartilage repair tissue in patients treated with a juvenile particulate allograft for osteochondral lesions of the talus. The institutional review board approved the present study, and all subjects provided written informed consent. We scanned the ankles of 7 cartilage repair patients using a 7T MRI scanner with a multi-echo spin-echo sequence to measure the cartilage T2 values. We assessed the cartilage T2 values in the talar repair tissue, adjacent native talar cartilage, and overlying tibial cartilage. We compared the differences between groups using the paired t test. The talar cartilage repair tissue demonstrated greater mean T2 relaxation times compared with the native adjacent talar cartilage (64.88 ± 12.23 ms versus 49.56 ± 7.82 ms; p = .043). The tibial cartilage regions overlying these talar cartilage regions demonstrated a trend toward greater T2 relaxation times (77.00 ± 31.29 ms versus 59.52 ± 7.89 ms; p = .067). 7T MRI can detect differences in T2 values in cartilage repair tissue compared with native cartilage and could be useful for monitoring the status of cartilage health after surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaleen Vira
- Resident Physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY
| | - Austin J Ramme
- Resident Physician, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY
| | - Cary Chapman
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY
| | - Ding Xia
- Research Scientist, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ravinder R Regatte
- Professor, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Gregory Chang
- Associate Professor, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.
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17
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Li X, Pedoia V, Kumar D, Rivoire J, Wyatt C, Lansdown D, Amano K, Okazaki N, Savic D, Koff MF, Felmlee J, Williams SL, Majumdar S. Cartilage T1ρ and T2 relaxation times: longitudinal reproducibility and variations using different coils, MR systems and sites. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:2214-2223. [PMID: 26187574 PMCID: PMC4663102 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the longitudinal reproducibility and variations of cartilage T1ρ and T2 measurements using different coils, MR systems and sites. METHODS Single-Site study: Phantom data were collected monthly for up to 29 months on four GE 3T MR systems. Data from phantoms and human subjects were collected on two MR systems using the same model of coil; and were collected on one MR system using two models of coils. Multi-site study: Three participating sites used the same model of MR systems and coils, and identical imaging protocols. Phantom data were collected monthly. Human subjects were scanned and rescanned on the same day at each site. Two traveling human subjects were scanned at all three sites. RESULTS Single-Site Study: The phantom longitudinal RMS-CVs ranged from 1.8% to 2.7% for T1ρ and 1.8-2.8% for T2. Significant differences were found in T1ρ and T2 values using different MR systems and coils. Multi-Site Study: The phantom longitudinal RMS-CVs ranged from 1.3% to 2.6% for T1ρ and 1.2-2.7% for T2. Across three sites (n = 16), the in vivo scan-rescan RMS-CV was 3.1% and 4.0% for T1ρ and T2, respectively. Phantom T1ρ and T2 values were significantly different between three sites but highly correlated (R > 0.99). No significant difference was found in T1ρ and T2 values of traveling controls, with cross-site RMS-CV as 4.9% and 4.4% for T1ρ and T2, respectively. CONCLUSION With careful quality control and cross-calibration, quantitative MRI can be readily applied in multi-site studies and clinical trials for evaluating cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Deepak Kumar
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Cory Wyatt
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Keiko Amano
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Kijowski R, Chaudhary R. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the articular cartilage of the knee joint. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2014; 22:649-69. [PMID: 25442027 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by a decrease in the proteoglycan content and disruption of the highly organized collagen fiber network of articular cartilage. Various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques have been developed for noninvasive assessment of the proteoglycan and collagen components of cartilage. These techniques have been extensively used in clinical practice to detect early cartilage degeneration and in osteoarthritis research studies to monitor disease-related and treatment-related changes in cartilage over time. This article reviews the role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating the composition and ultrastructure of the articular cartilage of the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA
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19
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Surowiec RK, Lucas EP, Ho CP. Quantitative MRI in the evaluation of articular cartilage health: reproducibility and variability with a focus on T2 mapping. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014; 22:1385-95. [PMID: 24170187 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early diagnosis of cartilage degeneration and longitudinal tracking of cartilage health including repair following surgical intervention would benefit from the ability to detect and monitor changes of the articular cartilage non-invasively and before gross morphological alterations appear. METHODS Quantitative MR imaging has shown promising results with various imaging biomarkers such as T2 mapping, T1 rho and dGEMRIC demonstrating sensitivity in the detection of biochemical alterations within tissues of interest. However, acquiring accurate and clinically valuable quantitative data has proven challenging, and the reproducibility of the quantitative mapping technique and its values are essential. Although T2 mapping has been the focus in this discussion, all quantitative mapping techniques are subject to the same issues including variability in the imaging protocol, unloading and exercise, analysis, scanner and coil, calculation methods, and segmentation and registration concerns. RESULTS The causes for variability between time points longitudinally in a patient, among patients, and among centres need to be understood further and the issues addressed. CONCLUSIONS The potential clinical applications of quantitative mapping are vast, but, before the clinical community can take full advantage of this tool, it must be automated, standardized, validated, and have proven reproducibility prior to its implementation into the standard clinical care routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Surowiec
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, 181 W Meadow Dr, Suite 1000, Vail, CO, 81657, USA,
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20
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Cartilage repair surgery: outcome evaluation by using noninvasive cartilage biomarkers based on quantitative MRI techniques? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:840170. [PMID: 24877139 PMCID: PMC4024422 DOI: 10.1155/2014/840170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly applied as outcome measures after cartilage repair. OBJECTIVE To review the current literature on the use of quantitative MRI biomarkers for evaluation of cartilage repair at the knee and ankle. METHODS Using PubMed literature research, studies on biochemical, quantitative MR imaging of cartilage repair were identified and reviewed. RESULTS Quantitative MR biomarkers detect early degeneration of articular cartilage, mainly represented by an increasing water content, collagen disruption, and proteoglycan loss. Recently, feasibility of biochemical MR imaging of cartilage repair tissue and surrounding cartilage was demonstrated. Ultrastructural properties of the tissue after different repair procedures resulted in differences in imaging characteristics. T2 mapping, T1rho mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) are applicable on most clinical 1.5 T and 3 T MR scanners. Currently, a standard of reference is difficult to define and knowledge is limited concerning correlation of clinical and MR findings. The lack of histological correlations complicates the identification of the exact tissue composition. CONCLUSIONS A multimodal approach combining several quantitative MRI techniques in addition to morphological and clinical evaluation might be promising. Further investigations are required to demonstrate the potential for outcome evaluation after cartilage repair.
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Baum T, Joseph G, Karampinos D, Jungmann P, Link T, Bauer J. Cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation time as non-invasive biomarker for knee osteoarthritis and cartilage repair procedures. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1474-84. [PMID: 23896316 PMCID: PMC3929642 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to review the current literature on cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation time. METHODS Electronic searches in PubMed were performed to identify relevant studies about T2 relaxation time measurements as non-invasive biomarker for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and cartilage repair procedures. RESULTS Initial osteoarthritic changes include proteoglycan loss, deterioration of the collagen network, and increased water content within the articular cartilage and menisci. T2 relaxation time measurements are affected by these pathophysiological processes. It was demonstrated that cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation time values were significantly increased in subjects with compared to those without radiographic OA and focal knee lesions, respectively. Subjects with OA risk factors such as overweight/obesity showed significantly greater cartilage T2 values than normal controls. Elevated cartilage and meniscal T2 relaxation times were found in subjects with vs without knee pain. Increased cartilage T2 at baseline predicted morphologic degeneration in the cartilage, meniscus, and bone marrow over 3 years. Furthermore, cartilage repair tissue could be non-invasively assessed by using T2 mapping. Reproducibility errors for T2 measurements were reported to be smaller than the T2 differences in healthy and diseased cartilage indicating that T2 relaxation time may be a reliable discriminatory biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Cartilage and meniscal T2 mapping may be suitable as non-invasive biomarker to diagnose early stages of knee OA and to monitor therapy of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Baum
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: T. Baum, Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany. Tel: 49-89-4140-2621; Fax: 49-89-4140-4834
| | - G.B. Joseph
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - D.C. Karampinos
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - P.M. Jungmann
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - T.M. Link
- Musculoskeletal and Quantitative Imaging Research Group, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - J.S. Bauer
- Institut für Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany,Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany
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22
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Koff MF, Shah P, Pownder S, Romero B, Williams R, Gilbert S, Maher S, Fortier LA, Rodeo SA, Potter HG. Correlation of meniscal T2* with multiphoton microscopy, and change of articular cartilage T2 in an ovine model of meniscal repair. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1083-91. [PMID: 23680878 PMCID: PMC3730276 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate meniscal T2* relaxation times using ultra-short echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with quantitative microscopic methods, and to determine the effect of meniscal repair on post-operative cartilage T2 values. DESIGN A medial meniscal tear was created and repaired in the anterior horn of one limb of 28 crossbred mature ewes. MR scans for morphological evaluation, meniscal T2* values, and cartilage T2 values were acquired at 0, 4 and 8 months post-operatively for the Tear and Non-Op limb. Samples of menisci from both limbs were analyzed using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) analysis and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Significantly prolonged meniscal T2* values were found in repaired limbs than in control limbs, P < 0.0001. No regional differences of T2* were detected for either the repaired or control limbs in the anterior horn. Repaired limbs had prolonged cartilage T2 values, primarily anteriorly, and tended to have lower biomechanical force to failure at 8 months than Non-Op limbs. MPM autofluorescence and second harmonic generation data correlated with T2* values at 8 months (ρ = -0.48, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS T2* mapping is sensitive to detecting temporal and zonal differences of meniscal structure and composition. Meniscal MPM and cartilage T2 values indicate changes in tissue integrity in the presence of meniscal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Koff
- MRI Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parina Shah
- MRI Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Pownder
- MRI Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bethsabe Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Williams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Susannah Gilbert
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suzanne Maher
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa A. Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Scott A. Rodeo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hollis G. Potter
- MRI Research Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Chang G, Xia D, Sherman O, Strauss E, Jazrawi L, Recht MP, Regatte RR. High resolution morphologic imaging and T2 mapping of cartilage at 7 Tesla: comparison of cartilage repair patients and healthy controls. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 26:539-48. [PMID: 23657612 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Our objective was to use 7 T MRI to compare cartilage morphology (thickness) and collagen composition (T2 values) in cartilage repair patients and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS We scanned the knees of 11 cartilage repair patients and 11 controls on a 7 T MRI scanner using a high-resolution, gradient-echo sequence to measure cartilage thickness and a multi-echo spin-echo sequence to measure cartilage T2 values. We used two-tailed t tests to compare cartilage thickness and T2 values in: repair tissue (RT) versus adjacent cartilage (AC); RT versus healthy control cartilage (HC); AC versus HC. RESULTS Mean thickness in RT, AC, HC were: 2.2±1.4, 3.6±1.1, 3.3±0.7 mm. Differences in thickness between RT-AC (p=0.01) and RT-HC (p=0.02) were significant, but not AC-HC (p=0.45). Mean T2 values in RT, AC, HC were: 51.6±7.6, 40.0±4.7, 45.9±3.7 ms. Differences in T2 values between RT-AC (p=0.0005), RT-HC (p=0.04), and AC-HC (p=0.004) were significant. CONCLUSION 7 T MRI allows detection of differences in morphology and collagen architecture in: (1) cartilage repair tissue compared to adjacent cartilage and (2) cartilage repair tissue compared to cartilage from healthy controls. Although cartilage adjacent to repair tissue may be normal in thickness, it can demonstrate altered collagen composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Chang
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, Center for Musculoskeletal Care, 333 East 38th Street, 6th Floor, Room 610, New York, NY, 10016, USA,
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Radiofrequency (RF) coil impacts the value and reproducibility of cartilage spin-spin (T2) relaxation time measurements. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:710-20. [PMID: 23376528 PMCID: PMC3624070 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T2 (spin-spin) relaxation time is frequently used for compositional assessment of articular cartilage. However little is known about the influence of magnetic resonance (MR) system components on these measurements. The reproducibility and range of cartilage T2 values were evaluated using different extremity radiofrequency (RF) coils with potential differences in flip angle uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). METHOD Ten knees underwent 3 T MR exams using RF coils with different SNR: quadrature transmit/receive (QTR); quadrature transmit/eight-channel phased-array receive (QT8PAR). Each knee was scanned twice per coil (four exams total). T2 values were calculated for the central medial and lateral femoral (cMF, cLF) and medial and lateral tibial (MT, LT) cartilage. RESULTS The flip angle varied across a central 40 mm diameter region-of-interest of each coil by <1.5%. However SNR was significantly higher using QT8PAR than QTR (P < 0.001). T2 values for cMF (50.7 msec/45.9 msec) and MT (48.2 msec/41.6 msec) were significantly longer with QT8PAR than QTR (P < 0.05). T2 reproducibility was improved using QT8PAR for cMF and cLF (4.8%/5.8% and 4.1%/6.5%; P < 0.001), similar for LT (3.8%/3.6%; P = 1.0), and worse for MT (3.7%/3.3%; P < 0.001). T2 varied spatially, with cLF having the longest (52.0 msec) and the LT having the shortest (40.6 msec) values. All deep cartilage had significantly longer, and less variable, T2 values using QT8PAR (higher SNR; P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS SNR varied spatially (significant) depending upon coil, but refocusing flip angle only slightly. With higher SNR, significantly longer T2 values were measured for deep (all plates) and global (MT, cMF) cartilage. T2 values varied by depth and plate, in agreement with prior studies.
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Raya JG, Dietrich O, Horng A, Weber J, Reiser MF, Glaser C. T2 measurement in articular cartilage: impact of the fitting method on accuracy and precision at low SNR. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:181-93. [PMID: 19859960 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
T2 relaxation time is a promising MRI parameter for the detection of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. However, the accuracy and precision of the measured T2 may be substantially impaired by the low signal-to-noise ratio of images available from clinical examinations. The purpose of this work was to assess the accuracy and precision of the traditional fit methods (linear least-squares regression and nonlinear fit to an exponential) and two new noise-corrected fit methods: fit to a noise-corrected exponential and fit of the noise-corrected squared signal intensity to an exponential. Accuracy and precision have been analyzed in simulations, in phantom measurements, and in seven repetitive acquisitions of the patellar cartilage in six healthy volunteers. Traditional fit methods lead to a poor accuracy for low T2, with overestimations of the exact T2 up to 500%. The noise-corrected fit methods demonstrate a very good accuracy for all T2 values and signal-to-noise ratio. Even more, the fit to a noise-corrected exponential results in precisions comparable to the best achievable precisions (Cramér-Rao lower bound). For in vivo images, the traditional fit methods considerably overestimate T2 near the bone-cartilage interface. Therefore, using an adequate fit method may substantially improve the sensitivity of T2 to detect pathology in cartilage and change in T2 follow-up examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Raya
- Josef Lissner Laboratory for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Clinical Radiology-Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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