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Guo X, Li J, Qi Y, Chen J, Jiang M, Zhu L, Liu Z, Wang H, Wang G, Wang X. Telomere length and micronuclei trajectories in APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: Correlating with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis in a sexually dimorphic manner. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14121. [PMID: 38450924 PMCID: PMC11113262 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated that genome instability is accumulated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the specific types of genome instability linked to AD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we report the first characterization of the age- and sex-related trajectories of telomere length (TL) and micronuclei in APP/PS1 mice model and wild-type (WT) controls (C57BL/6). TL was measured in brain (prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, pituitary gland, and hippocampus), colon and skin, and MN was measured in bone marrow in 6- to 14-month-old mice. Variation in TL was attributable to tissue type, age, genotype and, to a lesser extent, sex. Compared to WT, APP/PS1 had a significantly shorter baseline TL across all examined tissues. TL was inversely associated with age in both genotypes and TL shortening was accelerated in brain of APP/PS1. Age-related increase of micronuclei was observed in both genotypes but was accelerated in APP/PS1. We integrated TL and micronuclei data with data on cognition performance and brain amyloidosis. TL and micronuclei were linearly correlated with cognition performance or Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels in both genotypes but to a greater extent in APP/PS1. These associations in APP/PS1 mice were dominantly driven by females. Together, our findings provide foundational knowledge to infer the TL and micronuclei trajectories in APP/PS1 mice during disease progression, and strongly support that TL attrition and micronucleation are tightly associated with AD pathogenesis in a female-biased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Yanmei Qi
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Juanlin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Minyan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Lina Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Zetong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Gongwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass EnergyYunnan Normal UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
- Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell TherapyTaizhouZhejiangChina
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Lu Y, Zhao M, Chen L, Wang Y, Liu T, Liu H. cGAS: action in the nucleus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380517. [PMID: 38515746 PMCID: PMC10954897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As a canonical cytoplasmic DNA sensor, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a key role in innate immunity. In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that cGAS can also be located in the nucleus and plays new functions such as regulating DNA damage repair, nuclear membrane repair, chromosome fusion, DNA replication, angiogenesis and other non-canonical functions. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying the nucleo-cytoplasmic transport and the regulation of cGAS activation have been revealed in recent years. Based on the current understanding of the structure, subcellular localization and canonical functions of cGAS, this review focuses on summarizing the mechanisms underlying nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, activity regulation and non-canonical functions of cGAS in the nucleus. We aim to provide insights into exploring the new functions of cGAS in the nucleus and advance its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Lu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Kumari L, Yadav R, Kaur D, Dey P, Bhatia A. An image analysis approach to characterize micronuclei differences in different subtypes of breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155126. [PMID: 38228038 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronuclei (MN) have been used as screening, diagnostic and prognostic markers in multiple cancer types, including breast cancer (BC). However, the question that the MN present in all subtypes of BC are similar or different remains unanswered. We thus hypothesized that MN present in different subtypes of BC may differ in their contents which may be visible as differences in their morphologic and morphometric features. This study was thus carried out with the aim to identify the differences between MN morphometry, complexity, and texture in different subtypes of BC, such as estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+; MCF-7, T-47D), human epidermal growth factor receptor-positive (Her2 +;SKBR3) and triple-negative BC (TNBC; MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) cell lines (CLs) by ImageJ software. METHODS For analysis of MN dimensions, MN irregularity, and texture, we used morphometry and two mathematical computer-assisted algorithms, i.e., fractal dimension (FD) and grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of ImageJ software. RESULTS MN area and perimeter values showed differences in the size of MN in different subtypes of BC, with the largest MN in TNBC CLs. GLCM parameters (entropy, angular second moment, inverse difference moment, contrast, and correlation) showed highly heterogenous texture in case of TNBC MN as compared to the others. FD analysis also revealed more complexity and irregularity in MN found in TNBC cells. CONCLUSION The study for the first time showed morphometric, architectural and texture related differences amongst MN present in different subtypes of BC. The above may reflect differences in their composition and contents. Further, these differences may point towards the distinct mechanisms involved in the formation of MN in different subtypes of BC that need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Kumari
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reena Yadav
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepinder Kaur
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology and Gynaecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Heng E, Thanedar S, Heng HH. The Importance of Monitoring Non-clonal Chromosome Aberrations (NCCAs) in Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2825:79-111. [PMID: 38913304 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3946-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis has traditionally focused on the clonal chromosome aberrations, or CCAs, and considered the large number of diverse non-clonal chromosome aberrations, or NCCAs, as insignificant noise. Our decade-long karyotype evolutionary studies have unexpectedly demonstrated otherwise. Not only the baseline of NCCAs is associated with fuzzy inheritance, but the frequencies of NCCAs can also be used to reliably measure genome or chromosome instability (CIN). According to the Genome Architecture Theory, CIN is the common driver of cancer evolution that can unify diverse molecular mechanisms, and genome chaos, including chromothripsis, chromoanagenesis, and polypoidal giant nuclear and micronuclear clusters, and various sizes of chromosome fragmentations, including extrachromosomal DNA, represent some extreme forms of NCCAs that play a key role in the macroevolutionary transition. In this chapter, the rationale, definition, brief history, and current status of NCCA research in cancer are discussed in the context of two-phased cancer evolution and karyotype-coded system information. Finally, after briefly describing various types of NCCAs, we call for more research on NCCAs in future cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Heng
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjana Thanedar
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Henry H Heng
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Guo X, Jiang M, Dai X, Shen J, Wang X. Presenilin-1, mutated in familial Alzheimer's disease, maintains genome stability via a γ-secretase dependent way. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 131:103580. [PMID: 37804602 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in Presenilin-1 (PS1) account for over 80 % mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms of action of PS1 mutations in causing familial AD are not fully understood, limiting opportunities to develop targeted disease-modifying therapies for individuals carrying PS1 mutation. To gain more comprehensive insights into the impact of PS1 mutations on genome stability, we knocked down PS1 in SH-SY5Y, HMC3 and A549 cells. This revealed that PS1 knockdown (KD) dramatically induces genome instability (GIN) in all cell types, as indicated by the increased incidence of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and/or nuclear buds. Although amyloid β (Aβ) was able to induce GIN, PS1-KD was associated with decreased expression of Aβ in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting Aβ is not the primary cause of GIN in PS1-KD cells. In contrast, inhibiting the PS1 γ-secretase activity by DAPT recapitulated GIN phenotype as seen in PS1-KD cells, indicating that the induction of GIN following PS1 KD can be attributed to the loss of γ-secretase activity. PS1 KD or γ-secretase inhibition markedly sensitizes SH-SY5Y to the genotoxicity of mitomycin C. Interestingly, overexpression of the wildtype PS1 dramatically increased GIN in SH-SY5Y. Collectively, our study demonstrates the potential of PS1 and its γ-secretase activity in maintaining genome stability, highlighting a novel potential link between PS1 loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations and familial AD through GIN. Several mechanisms by which GIN induced by PS1 dys-expression may contribute to AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Minyan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xueqin Dai
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
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Guo X, Su F, Gao Y, Tang L, Yu X, Zi J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Xue J, Wang X. Effects of dietary restriction on genome stability are sex and feeding regimen dependent. Food Funct 2023; 14:471-488. [PMID: 36519635 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Preserving genome stability is essential to prevent aging and cancer. Dietary restriction (DR) is the most reproducible non-pharmacological way to improve health and extend lifespan in various species. Whether DR helps to preserve genome stability and whether this effect is altered by experimental variables remain unclear. Moreover, DR research relies heavily on experimental animals, making the development of reliable in vitro mimetics of great interest. Therefore, we tested the effects of sex and feeding regimen (time-restricted eating, alternate day fasting and calorie restriction) on genome stability in CF-1 mice and whether these effects can be recapitulated by cell culture paradigms. Here, we show that calorie restriction significantly decreases the spontaneous micronuclei (MN), a biomarker of genome instability, in bone marrow cells of females instead of males. Alternate day fasting significantly decreases cisplatin-induced MN in females instead of males. Unexpectedly, daily time-restricted eating significantly exacerbates cisplatin-induced MN in males but not in females. Additionally, we design several culture paradigms that are able to faithfully recapitulate the key effects of these DR regimens on genome stability. In particular, 30% reduction of serum, a mimetic of calorie restriction, exhibits a strong ability to decrease spontaneous and cisplatin-induced MN in immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We conclude that the effects of different DR regimens on genome stability are not universal and females from each diet regimen sustain a more stable genome than males. Our results provide novel insight into the understanding of how DR influences genome stability in a sex and regimen dependent way, and suggest that our in vitro DR mimetics could be adopted to study the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Fuping Su
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Liyan Tang
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xixi Yu
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jiangli Zi
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yingshui Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Yunnan Environmental Mutagen Society, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.,Yeda Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Zhang T, Hu C, Zhang W, Ruan Y, Ma Y, Chen D, Huang Y, Fan S, Lin W, Huang Y, Liao K, Lu H, Xu JF, Pi J, Guo X. Advances of MnO 2 nanomaterials as novel agonists for the development of cGAS-STING-mediated therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156239. [PMID: 37153576 PMCID: PMC10154562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient, manganese plays an important role in the physiological process and immune process. In recent decades, cGAS-STING pathway, which can congenitally recognize exogenous and endogenous DNA for activation, has been widely reported to play critical roles in the innate immunity against some important diseases, such as infections and tumor. Manganese ion (Mn2+) has been recently proved to specifically bind with cGAS and activate cGAS-STING pathway as a potential cGAS agonist, however, is significantly restricted by the low stability of Mn2+ for further medical application. As one of the most stable forms of manganese, manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanomaterials have been reported to show multiple promising functions, such as drug delivery, anti-tumor and anti-infection activities. More importantly, MnO2 nanomaterials are also found to be a potential candidate as cGAS agonist by transforming into Mn2+, which indicates their potential for cGAS-STING regulations in different diseased conditions. In this review, we introduced the methods for the preparation of MnO2 nanomaterials as well as their biological activities. Moreover, we emphatically introduced the cGAS-STING pathway and discussed the detailed mechanisms of MnO2 nanomaterials for cGAS activation by converting into Mn2+. And we also discussed the application of MnO2 nanomaterials for disease treatment by regulating cGAS-STING pathway, which might benefit the future development of novel cGAS-STING targeted treatments based on MnO2 nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangxin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunmiao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuhe Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Kangsheng Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongemi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Fa Xu, ; Jiang Pi, ; Xinrong Guo,
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Fa Xu, ; Jiang Pi, ; Xinrong Guo,
| | - Xinrong Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Fa Xu, ; Jiang Pi, ; Xinrong Guo,
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Reimann H, Stopper H, Hintzsche H. Fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells after treatment of HeLa cells with different genotoxic agents. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:875-889. [PMID: 36564592 PMCID: PMC9968706 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although micronuclei are well-known biomarkers of genotoxic damage, the biological consequences of micronucleus induction are only poorly understood. To further elucidate these consequences, HeLa cells stably expressing histone 2B coupled with green fluorescent protein were used for long-term live cell imaging to investigate the fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells after treatment of cells with various genotoxic agents (doxorubicin (20, 30 and nM), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP, 50, 100 and 150 µM), radiation (0.5, 1 and 2 Gy), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 20, 25 and 30 µg/ml) and vinblastine (1, 2 and 3 nM)). Most micronuclei persist for multiple cell cycles or reincorporate while micronucleated cells were more prone to cell death, senescence and fatal mitotic errors compared to non-micronucleated cells, which is consistent with previous studies using etoposide. No clear substance-related effects on the fate of micronuclei and micronucleated cells were observed. To further investigate the fate of micronuclei, extrusion of micronuclei was studied with treatments reported as inducing the extrusion of micronuclei. Since extrusion was not observed in HeLa cells, the relevance of extrusion of micronuclei remains unclear. In addition, degradation of micronuclei was analysed via immunostaining of γH2AX, which demonstrated a high level of DNA damage in micronuclei compared to the main nuclei. Furthermore, transduction with two reporter genes (LC3B-dsRed and LaminB1-dsRed) was conducted followed by long-term live cell imaging. While autophagy marker LC3B was not associated with micronuclei, Lamin B1 was found in approximately 50% of all micronuclei. While degradation of micronuclei was not observed to be a frequent fate of micronuclei, the results show impaired stability of DNA and micronuclear envelope indicating rupture of micronuclei as a pre-step to chromothripsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Reimann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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