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Clausen M, Christensen RHB, da Re M, Benros ME. Immune Cell Alterations in Psychotic Disorders: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:331-341. [PMID: 38185237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive meta-analysis on the composition of circulating immune cells from both the myeloid and the lymphoid lines including specialized subsets in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy control participants has been lacking. METHODS Multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PsycINFO) were searched for eligible studies up until October 18, 2022. All studies investigating circulating immune cells in the blood and CSF from patients with psychotic disorders (ICD-10: F20 and F22-29) compared with healthy control participants were included. RESULTS A total of 86 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the blood, the following categories of immune cells were elevated: leukocyte count (31 studies, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.46), granulocyte count (4 studies, SMD = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.12 to 1.01), neutrophil granulocyte count (21 studies, SMD = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.54), monocyte count (23 studies, SMD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.56), and B lymphocyte count (10 studies, SMD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.48). Additionally, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (23 studies, SMD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.60), the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (9 studies, SMD = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.57), and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (10 studies, SMD = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.43) were elevated. The CSF cell count showed a similar tendency but was not significantly elevated (3 studies, SMD = 0.14; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.32). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a broad activation of the immune system in psychotic disorders, with cells from both the myeloid and the lymphoid line being elevated. However, CSF analyses were lacking in most of the studies, and many studies were hampered by insufficient adjustment for confounding factors such as body mass index and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Clausen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune H B Christensen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria da Re
- Copenhagen Research Center for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Michael E Benros
- Copenhagen Research Center for Biological and Precision Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Chen L, Zhu LF, Zhang LY, Chu YH, Dong MH, Pang XW, Yang S, Zhou LQ, Shang K, Xiao J, Wang W, Qin C, Tian DS. Causal association between the peripheral immunity and the risk and disease severity of multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325938. [PMID: 38390334 PMCID: PMC10881847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence links immunological responses to Multiple sclerosis (MS), but specific immune factors are still unclear. Methods Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to investigate the association between peripheral hematological traits, MS risk, and its severity. Then, further subgroup analysis of immune counts and circulating cytokines and growth factors were performed. Results MR revealed higher white blood cell count (OR [95%CI] = 1.26 [1.10,1.44], P = 1.12E-03, P adjust = 3.35E-03) and lymphocyte count (OR [95%CI] = 1.31 [1.15,1.50], P = 5.37E-05, P adjust = 3.22E-04) increased the risk of MS. In further analysis, higher T cell absolute count (OR [95%CI] = 2.04 [1.36,3.08], P = 6.37E-04, P adjust = 2.19E-02) and CD4+ T cell absolute count (OR [95%CI] = 2.11 [1.37,3.24], P = 6.37E-04, P adjust = 2.19E-02), could increase MS risk. While increasing CD25++CD4+ T cell absolute count (OR [95%CI] = 0.75 [0.66,0.86], P = 2.12E-05, P adjust = 1.72E-03), CD25++CD4+ T cell in T cell (OR [95%CI] = 0.79[0.70,0.89], P = 8.54E-05, P adjust = 5.29E-03), CD25++CD4+ T cell in CD4+ T cell (OR [95%CI] = 0.80[0.72,0.89], P = 1.85E-05, P adjust = 1.72E-03), and CD25++CD8+ T cell in T cell (OR [95%CI] = 0.68[0.57,0.81], P = 2.22E-05, P adjust = 1.72E-03), were proved to be causally defensive for MS. For the disease severity, the suggestive association between some traits related to CD4+ T cell, Tregs and MS severity were demonstrated. Moreover, elevated levels of IL-2Ra had a detrimental effect on the risk of MS (OR [95%CI] = 1.22 [1.12,1.32], P = 3.20E-06, P adjust = 1.34E-04). Conclusions This study demonstrated a genetically predicted causal relationship between elevated peripheral immune cell counts and MS. Subgroup analysis revealed a specific contribution of peripheral immune cells, holding potential for further investigations into the underlying mechanisms of MS and its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Fang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Hao Dong
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Pang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Shah A, Panchal V, Patel K, Alimohamed Z, Kaka N, Sethi Y, Patel N. Pathogenesis and management of multiple sclerosis revisited. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101497. [PMID: 36280474 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease characterized by selective destruction of myelin in the CNS neurons (including optic nerve). It was first described in the 19th century and remained elusive owing to the disease's unique relapsing and remitting course. The widespread and debilitating prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has prompted the development of various treatment modalities for its effective management. METHODS AND OBJECTIVES A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The main objective of the review was to compile the advances in pathogenesis, classifications, and evolving treatment modalities for MS. RESULTS The understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and the potential drug targets for its precise treatment has evolved significantly over the past decade. The experimental developments are also motivating and present a big change coming up in the next 5 years. Numerous disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have revolutionized the management of MS: interferon (IFN) preparations, monoclonal antibodies-natalizumab and ocrelizumab, immunomodulatory agents-glatiramer acetate, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) modulators (Siponimod) and teriflunomide. The traditional parenteral drugs are now available as oral formulations improving patient acceptability. Repurposing various agents used for related diseases may reinforce the drug reserve to manage MS and are under trials. Although at a nascent phase, strategies to enhance re-myelination by stimulating oligodendrocytes are fascinating and hold promise for better outcomes in patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS The recent past has seen staggering inclusions to the management of multiple sclerosis catalyzing a significant turnabout in our approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Since the advent of DMTs various other oral and injectable agents have been approved. The advances in MS therapeutics and diagnostics have laid the ground for further research and development to enhance the quality of life of afflicted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhi Shah
- Smt NHL MMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380006, India; PearResearch, India
| | - Viraj Panchal
- Smt NHL MMC, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380006, India; PearResearch, India
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Baroda Medical College, Vadodara, India; PearResearch, India
| | - Zainab Alimohamed
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania; PearResearch, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, India; Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, India.
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Shao L, Fu J, Xie L, Cai G, Cheng Y, Zheng N, Zeng P, Yan X, Ling Z, Ye S. Fecal Microbiota Underlying the Coexistence of Schizophrenia and Multiple Sclerosis in Chinese Patients. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2023; 2023:5602401. [PMID: 37680457 PMCID: PMC10482522 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5602401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Both schizophrenia (SZ) and multiple sclerosis (MS) affect millions of people worldwide and impose a great burden on society. Recent studies indicated that MS elevated the risk of SZ and vice versa, whereas the underlying pathological mechanisms are still obscure. Considering that fecal microbiota played a vital role in regulating brain functions, the fecal microbiota and serum cytokines from 90 SZ patients and 71 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched cognitively normal subjects (referred as SZC), 22 MS patients and 33 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched healthy subjects (referred as MSC) were analyzed. We found that both diseases demonstrated similar microbial diversity and shared three differential genera, including the down-regulated Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and the up-regulated Streptococcus. Functional analysis indicated that the three genera were involved in pathways such as "carbohydrate metabolism" and "amino acid metabolism." Moreover, the variation patterns of serum cytokines associated with MS and SZ patients were a bit different. Among the six cytokines perturbed in both diseases, TNF-α increased, while IL-8 and MIP-1α decreased in both diseases. IL-1ra, PDGF-bb, and RANTES were downregulated in MS patients but upregulated in SZ patients. Association analyses showed that Faecalibacterium demonstrated extensive correlations with cytokines in both diseases. Most notably, Faecalibacterium correlated negatively with TNF-α. In other words, fecal microbiota such as Faecalibacterium may contribute to the coexistence of MS and SZ by regulating serum cytokines. Our study revealed the potential roles of fecal microbiota in linking MS and SZ, which paves the way for developing gut microbiota-targeted therapies that can manage two diseases with a single treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinlong Fu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lulu Xie
- Rugao Experimental Primary School, Nantong, China
| | - Guangyong Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Nengneng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Shiwei Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, Lishui Second People's Hospital, Lishui, China
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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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Shafiei M, Mozhgani SH. Th17/IL-17 Axis in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Insights into the Immunity During HAMTSP. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3839-3854. [PMID: 36947318 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HTLV/TSP), also known as HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are chronic debilitating diseases of the central nervous system; although the etiology of which is different, similarities have been observed between these two demyelinating diseases, especially in clinical manifestation and immunopathogenesis. Exorbitant response of the immune system to the virus and neurons in CNS is the causative agent of HAM/TSP and MS, respectively. Helper T lymphocyte-17 cells (Th17s), a component of the immune system, which have a proven role in immunity and autoimmunity, mediate protection against bacterial/fungal infections. The role of these cells has been reviewed in several CNS diseases. A pivotal role for Th17s is presented in demyelination, even more axial than Th1s, during MS. The effect of Th17s is not well determined in HTLV-1-associated infections; however, the evidence that we have supplied in this review illustrates the attendance, also the role of Th17 cells during HAM/TSP. Furthermore, for better conception concerning the trace of these cells in HAM/TSP, a comparative characterization with MS, the resembling disease, has been applied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shafiei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Proinflammatory IL-17 levels in serum/cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurodegenerative diseases: a meta-analysis study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:577-588. [PMID: 36504126 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 is one of the major proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathophysiology of various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, a clear association between the levels of IL-17 and various neurodegenerative diseases is inconclusive due to lack of consistent results reported in several studies. Therefore, we designed and performed a meta-analysis study to assess the levels of IL-17 cytokine in various neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this meta-analysis study was to assess the level of IL-17 in cerebrospinal fluid/serum of the patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. An extensive search was performed on electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to find out the relevant studies for analysis. The quality of selected studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and case control studies. The standardized mean difference of level of IL-17 in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and control was calculated using RevMan 5 software. A significant increase in the level of serum IL-17 was found to in the patients with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (p = 0.001) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (p = 0.009), whereas IL-17 level in serum of Parkinson's disease (p = 0.22), multiple sclerosis (p = 0.09), and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients (p = 0.34) was not found to be significant. IL-17 may be involved in regulation of neuronal inflammation during the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative disease, and its specific inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Shi Y, Wei B, Li L, Wang B, Sun M. Th17 cells and inflammation in neurological disorders: Possible mechanisms of action. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932152. [PMID: 35935951 PMCID: PMC9353135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) are one of the leading causes of global death. A sustained neuroinflammatory response has been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of multiple NDs, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence shows that the recruitment of abundant lymphocytes in the central nervous system may contribute to promoting the development and progress of inflammation in neurological disorders. As one subset of T lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells have a critical impact on the inflammation of neurological disorders. T helper (Th) 17 is one of the most studied CD4+ Th subpopulations that produces cytokines (e.g., IL-17A, IL-23, IL-21, IL-6, and IFN-γ), leading to the abnormal neuroinflammatory response including the excessive activation of microglia and the recruitment of other immune cell types. All these factors are involved in several neurological disorders. However, the possible mechanisms of Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in the immunopathology of the abovementioned neurological disorders have not been clarified completely. This review will summarize the mechanisms by which encephalitogenic inflammatory Th17 cells and their related cytokines strongly contribute to chronic neuroinflammation, thus perpetuating neurodegenerative processes in NDs. Finally, the potential therapeutic prospects of Th17 cells and their cytokines in NDs will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Wang
- *Correspondence: Miao Sun, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Miao Sun
- *Correspondence: Miao Sun, ; Bin Wang,
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Simöes Da Gama C, Morin-Brureau M. Study of BBB Dysregulation in Neuropathogenicity Using Integrative Human Model of Blood-Brain Barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:863836. [PMID: 35755780 PMCID: PMC9226644 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.863836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a cellular and physical barrier with a crucial role in homeostasis of the brain extracellular environment. It controls the imports of nutrients to the brain and exports toxins and pathogens. Dysregulation of the blood-brain barrier increases permeability and contributes to pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and ischemia. It remains unclear how a dysregulated BBB contributes to these different syndromes. Initial studies on the role of the BBB in neurological disorders and also techniques to permit the entry of therapeutic molecules were made in animals. This review examines progress in the use of human models of the BBB, more relevant to human neurological disorders. In recent years, the functionality and complexity of in vitro BBB models have increased. Initial efforts consisted of static transwell cultures of brain endothelial cells. Human cell models based on microfluidics or organoids derived from human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells have become more realistic and perform better. We consider the architecture of different model generations as well as the cell types used in their fabrication. Finally, we discuss optimal models to study neurodegenerative diseases, brain glioma, epilepsies, transmigration of peripheral immune cells, and brain entry of neurotrophic viruses and metastatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraly Simöes Da Gama
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
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Bao ZK, Mi YH, Xiong XY, Wang XH. Sulforaphane Ameliorates the Intestinal Injury in Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β Signaling Pathway. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:6529842. [PMID: 35600210 PMCID: PMC9117068 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6529842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious neonatal disease; this study aims to investigate the role of sulforaphane (SFN) in NEC-induced intestinal injury. Methods An animal model of NEC was established in newborn mice and intragastrically administrated with SFN; then, the general status and survival of the mice were observed. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of intestinal tissues. ELISA, immunohistochemical staining, and flow cytometry assays were used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, TLR4, and NF-κB, and the percentages of the Th17 and Treg cells, respectively. GSK-3β expression levels were measured by immunofluorescence. IEC-6 and FHC cells were induced with LPS to mimic NEC in vitro and coincubated with SFN; then, the inflammatory factor levels and cell apoptosis rate were detected. Finally, Western blot was used to assess the expression of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway-related proteins in vitro and in vivo. Results SFN improved the survival rate of NEC mice during modeling, alleviated the severity of the intestinal injury, and reduced the proportion of Th17/Treg cells. SFN could inhibit TLR4 and NF-κB levels, decrease the release of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, suppress Bax expression, increase Bcl-2 expression, and inhibit apoptosis both in in vitro and in vivo models of NEC. Meanwhile, SFN regulated the expression of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway-related proteins in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion SFN relieved the inflammatory response and apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, thereby alleviating NEC in model mice and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Kun Bao
- Department of Radiology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Mi
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xiong
- Department of Neonatology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Hong Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Perdaens O, van Pesch V. Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:811518. [PMID: 35281989 PMCID: PMC8913495 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.811518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and associated to inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes fuel each other and partially explain increasing incidence of cancers, infections, age-related autoimmunity, and vascular disease as well as a reduced response to vaccination. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease, for which considerable progress in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and management has improved long-term survival. However, disability progression, increasing with age and disease duration, remains. Neurologists are now involved in caring for elderly MS patients, with increasing comorbidities. Aging of the immune system therefore has relevant implications for MS pathogenesis, response to DMTs and the risks mediated by these treatments. We propose to review current evidence regarding markers and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and their relevance to understanding MS pathogenesis. We will focus on age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in MS and other auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The consequences of these immune changes on MS pathology, in interaction with the intrinsic aging process of central nervous system resident cells will be discussed. Finally, the impact of immunosenescence on disease evolution and on the safety and efficacy of current DMTs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Vincent van Pesch
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12
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Hendrawan K, Khoo MLM, Visweswaran M, Massey JC, Withers B, Sutton I, Ma DDF, Moore JJ. Long-Term Suppression of Circulating Proinflammatory Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Following Autologous Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:782935. [PMID: 35126353 PMCID: PMC8807525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a therapeutic option for haematological malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), and more recently, for autoimmune diseases, such as treatment-refractory multiple sclerosis (MS). The immunological mechanisms underlying remission in MS patients following AHSCT likely involve an anti-inflammatory shift in the milieu of circulating cytokines. We hypothesised that immunological tolerance in MS patients post-AHSCT is reflected by an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines and a suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in the patient blood. We investigated this hypothesis using a multiplex-ELISA assay to compare the concentrations of secreted cytokine in the peripheral blood of MS patients and NHL patients undergoing AHSCT. In MS patients, we detected significant reductions in proinflammatory T helper (Th)17 cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-21, and Th1 cytokines interferon (IFN)γ and IL-12p70 in MS patients from day 8 to 24 months post-AHSCT. These changes were not observed in the NHL patients despite similar pre-conditioning treatment for AHSCT. Some proinflammatory cytokines show similar trends in both cohorts, such as IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, indicating a probable treatment-related AHSCT response. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-4, and IL-2) were only transiently reduced post-AHSCT, with only IL-10 exhibiting a significant surge at day 14 post-AHSCT. MS patients that relapsed post-AHSCT exhibited significantly elevated levels of IL-17 at 12 months post-AHSCT, unlike non-relapse patients which displayed sustained suppression of Th17 cytokines at all post-AHSCT timepoints up to 24 months. These findings suggest that suppression of Th17 cytokines is essential for the induction of long-term remission in MS patients following AHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hendrawan
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa L. M. Khoo
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Malini Visweswaran
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Massey
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Withers
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Sutton
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David D. F. Ma
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John J. Moore
- Blood, Stem Cells and Cancer Research Programme, St Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: John J. Moore,
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13
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Hess JM, Stephensen CB, Kratz M, Bolling BW. Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1S-13S. [PMID: 34632478 PMCID: PMC8502778 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic chronic inflammation may be a contributing factor to many noncommunicable diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. With the rapid rise of these conditions, identifying the causes of and treatment for chronic inflammation is an important research priority, especially with regard to modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet. An emerging body of evidence indicates that consuming certain foods, including dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt, may be linked to a decreased risk for inflammation. To discuss both broader research on diet and inflammation as well as research on links between individual foods and inflammation, the National Dairy Council sponsored a satellite session entitled "Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies" at the American Society for Nutrition's 2020 LIVE ONLINE Conference. This article, a review based on the topics discussed during that session, explores the links between diet and inflammation, focusing most closely on the relations between intake of dairy fat and dairy foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt, and biomarkers of inflammation from clinical trials. While there is currently insufficient evidence to prove an "anti-inflammatory" effect of dairy foods, the substantial body of clinical research discussed in this review indicates that dairy foods do not increase concentrations of biomarkers of chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Nutrition Department, University of California, Davis, Davis CA, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Food Science, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Herrera-Acosta E, Garriga-Martina GG, Suárez-Pérez JA, Martínez-García EA, Herrera-Ceballos E. Ixekizumab for Patients with Plaque Psoriasis Affected by Multiple Sclerosis: Case report. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:488-490. [PMID: 34522419 PMCID: PMC8407899 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that shares similar immunopathogenic mechanisms with chronic plaque psoriasis, such as the overexpression of the Th17 pathway. We report a 50-year-old male patient with MS and severe chronic plaque psoriasis who presented to Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain, in 2019. He was successfully treated with ixekizumab (anti-interleukin [IL]-17A and IL-17A/F monoclonal antibody). The treatment achieved complete skin clearance (i.e. a Psoriasis Area Severity Index 100 response) with no adverse event and no evidence of progression of the neurological disease either.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge A Suárez-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
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15
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Hasiakos S, Gwack Y, Kang M, Nishimura I. Calcium Signaling in T Cells and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders of the Oral Cavity. J Dent Res 2021; 100:693-699. [PMID: 33541200 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521990652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute immune responses to microbial insults in the oral cavity often progress to chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis and apical periodontitis. Chronic oral inflammation causes destruction of the periodontium, potentially leading to loss of the dentition. Previous investigations have demonstrated that the composition of oral immune cells, rather than the overall extent of cellular infiltration, determines the pathological development of chronic inflammation. The role of T lymphocyte populations, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells, has been extensively described. Studies now propose pathogenic Th17 cells as a distinct subset, uniquely classifiable from traditional Th17 populations. In situ differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells has been verified as a source of destructive inflammation, which critically drives pathogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Pathogenic Th17 cells resemble a Th1 penotype and produce not only interleukin 17 (IL-17) but also γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The proinflammatory cytokine-specific mechanisms known to induce IL-17 expression in Th17 cells are well characterized; however, differentiation mechanisms that lead to pathogenic Th17 cells are less understood. Recently, Ca2+ signaling through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC) in T cells has been uncovered as a major signaling axis involved in the regulation of T-cell-mediated chronic inflammation. In particular, pathogenic Th17 cell-mediated immunological diseases appear to be effectively targeted via such Ca2+ signaling pathways. Pathogenic plasticity of Th17 cells has been extensively illustrated in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Although their specific causal relationship to oral infection-induced chronic inflammatory diseases is not fully established, pathogenic Th17 cells may be involved in the underlining mechanism. This review highlights the current understanding of T-cell phenotype regulation, calcium signaling pathways in this event, and the potential role of pathogenic Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory disorders of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hasiakos
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Kang
- Section of Endodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - I Nishimura
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Mimpen M, Rolf L, Muris AH, Gerlach O, Poelmans G, Hupperts R, Smolders J, Damoiseaux J. NK/T cell ratios associate with interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain expression and shedding in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 353:577499. [PMID: 33529846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
NK/T-cell ratios predict disease activity in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We investigated in 50 RRMS patients whether interleukin-2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2Rα) expression and shedding associates with NK/T-cell balance, as suggested by daclizumab-trials in RRMS. A subsample (N = 31) was genotyped for IL2RA-associated MS risk SNPs. CD56bright NK-cell/IL-17A+CD4+ T-cell ratios correlated negatively with plasma and PBMC-culture supernatant sIL-2Rα-levels [R = -0.209; p = 0.038 and R = -0.254; p = 0.012, resp.], and with CD4+ T-cell CD25 MFI [R = -0.341; p = 0.001]. Carriers of the rs3118470 risk-allele showed higher sIL-2Rα-levels (P = 0.031) and a lower CD56bright NK-cell/IL-17A+CD4+ T-cell ratio (P = 0.038). Therefore, IL-2Rα may be involved in the interplay between NK-cells and T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Mimpen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Rolf
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Hilde Muris
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Gerlach
- Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond Hupperts
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- MS center ErasMS, Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Rai A, Narisawa M, Li P, Piao L, Li Y, Yang G, Cheng XW. Adaptive immune disorders in hypertension and heart failure: focusing on T-cell subset activation and clinical implications. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1878-1889. [PMID: 32890260 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
: Hypertension is a growing health concern worldwide. Established hypertension is a causative factor of heart failure, which is characterized by increased vascular resistance and intractable uncontrolled blood pressure. Hypertension and heart failure have multiple causes and complex pathophysiology but cellular immunity is thought to contribute to the development of both. Recent studies showed that T cells play critical roles in hypertension and heart failure in humans and animals, with various stimuli leading to the formation of effector T cells that infiltrate the cardiovascular wall. Monocytes/macrophages also accumulate in the cardiovascular wall. Various cytokines (e.g. interleukin-6, interleukin-17, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ) released from immune cells of various subtypes promote vascular senescence and elastic laminal degradation as well as cardiac fibrosis and/or hypertrophy, leading to cardiovascular structural alterations and dysfunction. Recent laboratory evidence has defined a link between inflammation and the immune system in initiation and progression of hypertension and heart failure. Moreover, cross-talk among natural killer cells, adaptive immune cells (T cells and B cells), and innate immune cells (i.e. monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) contributes to end-cardiovasculature damage and dysfunction in hypertension and heart failure. Clinical and experimental studies on the diagnostic potential of T-cell subsets revealed that blood regulatory T cells, CD4 cells, CD8 T cells, and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 T cells show promise as biomarkers of hypertension and heart failure. Therapeutic interventions to suppress activation of these cells may prove beneficial in reducing end-organ damage and preventing consequences of cardiovascular failure, including hypertension of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinas Rai
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanglong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Juzijie, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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18
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Oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction facilitates mesenchymal stem cell senescence in ankylosing spondylitis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:775. [PMID: 32943613 PMCID: PMC7498590 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease possessing a morbid serum microenvironment with enhanced oxidative stress. Long-term exposure to an oxidative environment usually results in cellular senescence alone with cellular dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of stem cell possessing strong capabilities for immunoregulation, and senescent MSCs may increase inflammation and participate in AS pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to explore whether and how the oxidative serum environment of AS induces MSC senescence. Here, we found that AS serum facilitated senescence of MSCs in vitro, and articular tissues from AS patients exhibited higher expression levels of the cell cycle arrest-related proteins p53, p21 and p16. Importantly, the levels of advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs), markers of oxidative stress, were increased in AS serum and positively correlated with the extent of MSC senescence induced by AS serum. Furthermore, MSCs cultured with AS serum showed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production together with a reduced oxygen consumption rate. Finally, we discovered that AS serum-induced mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MSCs, and ROS inhibition successfully rescued MSCs from senescence. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the oxidative serum environment of AS facilitated MSC senescence through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive ROS production. These results may help elucidate the pathogenesis of AS and provide potential targets for AS treatment.
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19
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Huang L, Li B, Li X, Liu G, Liu R, Guo J, Xu B, Li Y, Fang W. Significance and Mechanisms of P-glycoprotein in Central Nervous System Diseases. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1141-1155. [PMID: 30854958 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190308144448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter family. Because of its characteristic luminal surface location, high transport potency and structural specificity, Pgp is regarded as a selective gatekeeper of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to prevent the entry of toxins or unwanted substances into the brain. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that P-gp is involved in the immune inflammatory response in the Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders by regulating microglia activation, and mediating immune cell migration. Furthermore, Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) may play a crucial role in P-gp-mediated microglia activation and immune cell migration via GR-mediated mRNA decay. In this article, we will review P-gp structure, distribution, function, regulatory mechanisms, inhibitors and effects of P-gp in the pathogenesis of several CNS diseases and will discuss the role of P-gp in microglia activation, immune cell migration and the relationship with cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weirong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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20
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Moser T, Akgün K, Proschmann U, Sellner J, Ziemssen T. The role of TH17 cells in multiple sclerosis: Therapeutic implications. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102647. [PMID: 32801039 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) where immunopathology is thought to be mediated by myelin-reactive CD4+ T helper (TH) cells. The TH cells most commonly implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease are of TH1 and TH17 lineage, which are defined by the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-17, respectively. Moreover, there is emerging evidence for the involvement of TH17.1 cells, which share the hallmarks of TH1 and TH17 subsets. In this review, we summarise current knowledge about the potential role of TH17 subsets in the initiation and progression of the disease and put a focus on their response to approved immunomodulatory MS drugs. In this regard, TH17 cells are abundant in peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain lesions of MS patients, and their counts and inflammatory mediators are further increased during relapses. Fingolimod and alemtuzumab induce a paramount decrease in central memory T cells, which harbour the majority of peripheral TH17 cells, while the efficacy of natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate and importantly hematopoietic stem cell therapy correlates with TH17.1 cell inhibition. Interestingly, also CD20 antibodies target highly inflammatory TH cells and hamper TH17 differentiation by IL-6 reductions. Moreover, recovery rates of TH cells best correlate with long-term efficacy after therapeutical immunodepletion. We conclude that central memory TH17.1 cells play a pivotal role in MS pathogenesis and they represent a major target of MS therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moser
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technical, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Akgün
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technical, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Undine Proschmann
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technical, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, Liechtensteinstrasse 67, 3120 Mistelbach, Austria; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technical, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Cervellati C, Trentini A, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Inflammation in Neurological Disorders: The Thin Boundary Between Brain and Periphery. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:191-210. [PMID: 32143546 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of several highly prevalent, but also rare, neurological diseases. In particular, the neurodegenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are fueled by neuroinflammation, which, in turn, is accompanied by a parallel systemic immune dysregulation. This cross-talk between periphery and the brain becomes substantial when the blood-brain barrier loses its integrity, as often occurs in the course of these diseases. It has been hypothesized that the perpetual bidirectional flux of inflammatory mediators is not a mere "static" collateral effect of the neurodegeneration, but represents a proactive phenomenon sparking and driving the neuropathological processes. However, the upstream/downstream relationship between inflammatory events and neurological pathology is still unclear. Recent Advances: Solid recent evidence clearly suggests that metabolic factors, systemic infections, Microbiota dysbiosis, and oxidative stress are implicated, although to a different extent, in the development in brain diseases. Critical Issues: Here, we reviewed the most solid published evidence supporting the implication of the axis systemic inflammation-neuroinflammation-neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of AD, VAD, PD, and MS, highlighting the possible cause of the putative downstream component of the axis. Future Directions: Reaching a definitive clinical/epidemiological appreciation of the etiopathogenic significance of the connection between peripheral and brain inflammation in neurologic disorders is pivotal since it could open novel therapeutic avenues for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Schiweck C, Valles-Colomer M, Arolt V, Müller N, Raes J, Wijkhuijs A, Claes S, Drexhage H, Vrieze E. Depression and suicidality: A link to premature T helper cell aging and increased Th17 cells. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:603-609. [PMID: 32061905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has demonstrated a strong link between immune system abnormalities and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). High suicide risk is a major complication of MDD and has recently been linked to strong (neuro-)immune alterations, but little is known on the link between circulating immune cell composition and suicidal risk status. METHODS Here, we assessed percentages of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with focus on T helper cell subsets (memory T helper cells, Th1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory cells) in a large and well-matched cohort of 153 patients diagnosed with MDD and 153 age and sex matched controls. We explored the association of these cell populations with suicide risk while accounting for age, sex, BMI, depression severity and childhood trauma. RESULTS Patients with MDD had reduced percentages of NK cells, and higher percentages of B and T cells in line with current literature. Further exploration of T-cells revealed a robustly elevated number of memory T helper cells, regardless of age group. Patients at high risk for suicide had the highest memory T helper cells and additionally showed a robust increase of Th17 cells compared to other suicide risk groups. CONCLUSIONS The higher abundance of memory T helper cells points towards premature aging of the immune system in MDD patients, even during young adulthood. Patients at high risk for suicide show the clearest immune abnormalities and may represent a clinically relevant subtype of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schiweck
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mireia Valles-Colomer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Volker Arolt
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Müller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Stephan Claes
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hemmo Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elske Vrieze
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychiatry Research Group KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Ehtesham N, Mosallaei M, Karimzadeh MR, Moradikazerouni H, Sharifi M. microRNAs: key modulators of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 39:264-279. [PMID: 32552273 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1779712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a high level of heterogeneity in symptom manifestations and response to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS), an immune-based neurodegenerative disease with ever-increasing prevalence in recent decades. Because of unknown aspects of the etiopathology of MS and mechanism of action of DMTs, the reason for this variability is undetermined, and much remains to be understood. Traditionally, physicians consider switching to other DMTs based on the exacerbation of symptoms and/or change in the results of magnetic resonance imaging and biochemical factors. Therefore, identifying biological treatment response markers that help us recognizing non-responders rapidly and subsequently choosing another DMTs is necessary. microRNAs (miRNAs) are micromanagers of gene expression which have been profiled in different samples of MS patients, highlighting their role in pathogenetic of MS. Recent studies have investigated expression profiling of miRNAs after treatment with DMTs to clarify possible DMTs-mediated mechanism and obtaining response to therapy biomarkers. In this review, we will discuss the modulation of miRNAs by DMTs in cells and pathways involved in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeim Ehtesham
- Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Mosallaei
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Sharifi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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24
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Gómez-Galaviz AC, Turrubiates-Hernández GA, Picón-Galindo E, Salazar-Riojas R, Méndez-Ramírez N, Gómez-Almaguer D. Mobilization kinetics of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells stimulated by G-CSF and cyclophosphamide in patients with multiple sclerosis who receive an autotransplant. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:144-148. [PMID: 32057615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an alternative for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who do not respond to conventional treatment. Mobilization kinetics of CD34+ cells in MS patients has not been studied. METHODS Patients with MS mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) were prospectively studied. Three counts of CD34+ cells were done in peripheral blood: at baseline before mobilization, at the start, and immediately at the end of apheresis. Complete blood counts were performed at the times of CD34+ cell counting. Standard statistical descriptive analysis of MS patients' salient features was performed, and after log 10 transformation of the data, Pearson test was performed to assess correlation between variables and CD34+ cell count. In addition, multiple linear regression of relevant data was carried out for multivariate analysis. RESULTS Data of 51 consecutive MS patients with median age of 48 (31-64) years were analyzed. The CD34+ cell count increased 26-fold after mobilization. During large volume leukapheresis (LVL), the number of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood increased from 51.29 CD34+/μL at the start to 62.3 CD34+/μL at the end. A negative correlation between CD34+ cell count after leukapheresis and age (r = -0.32, P = 0.02) was observed. Neither the CD34+ baseline count nor sex correlated with the CD34+ count in peripheral blood immediately at the end of apheresis. CONCLUSIONS Mobilization with G-CSF and Cy in MS patients resulted in effective CD34+ hematoprogenitors release from the bone marrow and in intra-apheresis recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Jaime-Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Ana Cristina Gómez-Galaviz
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Grecia A Turrubiates-Hernández
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Picón-Galindo
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rosario Salazar-Riojas
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Nereida Méndez-Ramírez
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - David Gómez-Almaguer
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
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25
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Monteiro A, Rosado P, Rosado L, Fonseca AM, Paiva A. Alterations in circulating T cell functional subpopulations in interferon-beta treated multiple sclerosis patients: A pilot study. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 339:577113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Abarca-Zabalía J, García MI, Lozano Ros A, Marín-Jiménez I, Martínez-Ginés ML, López-Cauce B, Martín-Barbero ML, Salvador-Martín S, Sanjurjo-Saez M, García-Domínguez JM, López Fernández LA. Differential Expression of SMAD Genes and S1PR1 on Circulating CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020676. [PMID: 31968593 PMCID: PMC7014376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Th17 immune response plays a key role in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Expression of Th17-related genes in inflamed tissues has been reported in autoimmune diseases. However, values are frequently obtained using invasive methods. We aimed to identify biomarkers of MS in an accessible sample, such as blood, by quantifying the relative expression of 91 Th17-related genes in CD4+ T lymphocytes from patients with MS during a relapse or during a remitting phase. We also compared our findings with those of healthy controls. After confirmation in a validation cohort, expression of SMAD7 and S1PR1 mRNAs was decreased in remitting disease (-2.3-fold and -1.3-fold, respectively) and relapsing disease (-2.2-fold and -1.3-fold, respectively). No differential expression was observed for other SMAD7-related genes, namely, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4. Under-regulation of SMAD7 and S1PR1 was also observed in another autoimmune disease, Crohn's disease (CD) (-4.6-fold, -1.6-fold, respectively), suggesting the presence of common markers for autoimmune diseases. In addition, expression of TNF, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 were also decreased in CD (-2.2-fold, -1.4-fold, -1.6-fold, and -1.6-fold, respectively). Our study suggests that expression of SMAD7 and S1PR1 mRNA in blood samples are markers for MS and CD, and TNF, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 for CD. These genes could prove useful as markers of autoimmune diseases, thus obviating the need for invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Abarca-Zabalía
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-Z.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Ma Isabel García
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-Z.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Alberto Lozano Ros
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.R.); (M.L.M.-G.)
| | - Ignacio Marín-Jiménez
- Unidad de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-J.); (B.L.-C.)
| | - Maria L. Martínez-Ginés
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.R.); (M.L.M.-G.)
| | - Beatriz López-Cauce
- Unidad de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-J.); (B.L.-C.)
| | - María L. Martín-Barbero
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-Z.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Sara Salvador-Martín
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-Z.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - María Sanjurjo-Saez
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-Z.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Jose M. García-Domínguez
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.R.); (M.L.M.-G.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.G.-D.); (L.A.L.F.)
| | - Luis A. López Fernández
- Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-Z.); (M.L.M.-B.); (S.S.-M.); (M.S.-S.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.G.-D.); (L.A.L.F.)
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27
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Hou M, Li Y, He L, Li X, Ding Z, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li X. Effect of Interferon-Beta Treatment on the Proportion of T Helper 17 Cells and Related Cytokines in Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:771-779. [PMID: 31517556 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling He
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaping Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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28
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Jahan-Abad AJ, Karima S, Shateri S, Baram SM, Rajaei S, Morteza-Zadeh P, Borhani-Haghighi M, Salari AA, Nikzamir A, Gorji A. Serum pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neuropathology 2019; 40:84-92. [PMID: 31709666 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the nervous system and dysregulation of serum inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the correlation of serum cytokines and other inflammatory markers with the EAE pathogenesis. After EAE induction, the levels of different serum cytokine/inflammatory mediators were measured. Furthermore, motor functions, myelination, and lymphocyte infiltration in EAE mice were also assessed. Our results revealed that the serum concentrations of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-1α and prostaglandin E2 in EAE mice were significantly higher than controls. The ratios of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines were different between the EAE and the control group. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the IL-6/IL-10 ratio and the EAE severity, demyelination rate, and lymphocyte infiltration in EAE mice. Results indicate that the profiles of serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines might be useful as biomarkers for monitoring the pathological manifestation of EAE. Furthermore, evaluating the dynamic interplay of serum cytokine levels and the correlation with pathogenic mechanisms of EAE may provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for MS and some other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Jahan-Abad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shateri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh M Baram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Scientific Services, HealthWeX Clinical Research Ltd. Co., Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Rajaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Scientific Services, HealthWeX Clinical Research Ltd. Co., Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gorji
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alnbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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29
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Murphy KA, Bhamidipati K, Rubin SJS, Kipp L, Robinson WH, Lanz TV. Immunomodulatory receptors are differentially expressed in B and T cell subsets relevant to autoimmune disease. Clin Immunol 2019; 209:108276. [PMID: 31669582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory cell-surface receptors on lymphocytes, often called immune checkpoints, are powerful targets for cancer therapy. Despite their direct involvement in autoimmune pathology, they are currently not exploited therapeutically for autoimmune diseases. Understanding the expression pattern of these receptors in health and disease is essential for targeted drug design. Here, we designed three 23-colour flow cytometry panels for peripheral-blood T cells, including 15 lineage-defining markers and 21 immunomodulatory cell-surface receptors, and a 22-marker panel for B cells. Blood samples from healthy individuals, multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus (SLE) patients were included in the study. Several receptors show differential expression on regulatory T cells (Treg) compared to T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells, and functional relevance of this difference could be shown for BTLA and CD5. Unbiased multiparametric analysis revealed a subset of activated CD8+ T cells and a subset of unswitched memory B cells that are diminished in MS and SLE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Murphy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kartik Bhamidipati
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Samuel J S Rubin
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Kipp
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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30
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Hou MM, Li YF, He LL, Li XQ, Zhang Y, Zhang SX, Li XY. Proportions of Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders patients: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105793. [PMID: 31401379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper (Th17) cells play an important role in many autoimmune diseases. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to specify the proportion of Th17 cells and the levels of Th17-related cytokines in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) patients, we did this meta-analysis. METHODS Using previously reported data from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and Cochrane, we explored the proportion of Th17 cells in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood (PB) and the level of Th17-related cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)1β, IL6, IL17, IL21, IL22, IL23 and transforming growth factor -beta (TGFβ), in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and serum in NMOSD patients compared to control group and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. RESULTS In total, 38 trials were included for our analysis. Results showed that the proportion of Th17 cells was higher in NMOSD patients than in the control and MS groups. The levels of IL1β, IL6, IL17 and IL21 in CSF and plasma, and IL6, IL21, IL22, and IL23 in the serum were higher in NMOSD patients than in the control group. The levels of IL6 in CSF and serum and IL17 in plasma and serum were higher in NMOSD patients than in MS patients. CONCLUSION The proportion of Th17 cells and the levels of Th17-related cytokines was increased in NMOSD patients compared with the control group and MS patients. The results of this meta-analysis indicated that Th17 cells and Th17-associated cytokines may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019128785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ling-Ling He
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, 99 Longcheng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
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31
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Mezzaroba L, Alfieri DF, Colado Simão AN, Vissoci Reiche EM. The role of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:230-241. [PMID: 31377220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metals are involved in different pathophysiological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to review the effects of the essential metals zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) on the central nervous system (CNS), as well as the mechanisms involved in their neurotoxicity. Low levels of Zn as well as high levels of Cu, Mn, and Fe participate in the activation of signaling pathways of the inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) response, including nuclear factor kappa B and activator protein-1. The imbalance of these metals impairs the structural, regulatory, and catalytic functions of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters. Neurodegeneration occurs via association of metals with proteins and subsequent induction of aggregate formation creating a vicious cycle by disrupting mitochondrial function, which depletes adenosine triphosphate and induces IO&NS, cell death by apoptotic and/or necrotic mechanisms. In AD, at low levels, Zn suppresses β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity by selectively precipitating aggregation intermediates; however, at high levels, the binding of Zn to β-amyloid may enhance formation of fibrillar β-amyloid aggregation, leading to neurodegeneration. High levels of Cu, Mn and Fe participate in the formation α-synuclein aggregates in intracellular inclusions, called Lewy Body, that result in synaptic dysfunction and interruption of axonal transport. In PD, there is focal accumulation of Fe in the substantia nigra, while in AD a diffuse accumulation of Fe occurs in various regions, such as cortex and hippocampus, with Fe marginally increased in the senile plaques. Zn deficiency induces an imbalance between T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cell functions and a failure of Th17 down-regulation, contributing to the pathogenesis of MS. In MS, elevated levels of Fe occur in certain brain regions, such as thalamus and striatum, which may be due to inflammatory processes disrupting the blood-brain barrier and attracting Fe-rich macrophages. Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is essential to understand the pathophysiology of AD, PD, and MS and may provide possible new targets for their prevention and treatment of the patients affected by these NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Mezzaroba
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil
| | - Daniela Frizon Alfieri
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil
| | - Andrea Name Colado Simão
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil
| | - Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
- Laboratory of Applied Immunology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil; Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Zip Code 86.038-440 Brazil.
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Bunte K, Beikler T. Th17 Cells and the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143394. [PMID: 31295952 PMCID: PMC6679067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity represents the semi-specific first line of defense and provides the initial host response to tissue injury, trauma, and pathogens. Innate immunity activates the adaptive immunity, and both act highly regulated together to establish and maintain tissue homeostasis. Any dysregulation of this interaction can result in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity and is thought to be a major underlying cause in the initiation and progression of highly prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases among others, and periodontitis. Th1 and Th2 cells of the adaptive immune system are the major players in the pathogenesis of IMIDs. In addition, Th17 cells, their key cytokine IL-17, and IL-23 seem to play pivotal roles. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the differentiation of Th17 cells and the role of the IL-17/IL-23 axis in the pathogenesis of IMIDs. Moreover, it aims to review the association of these IMIDs with periodontitis and briefly discusses the therapeutic potential of agents that modulate the IL-17/IL-23 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Bunte
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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33
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Domperidone-induced elevation of serum prolactin levels and immune response in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 334:576974. [PMID: 31174092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing systemic prolactin levels improves remyelination and neuronal survival in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), but it has been suggested that this therapeutic strategy may also increase inflammatory responses, and potentially harm patients. We analyzed serum prolactin and cytokine, chemokine and growth factor levels in sera from MS patients enrolled in two clinical trials who were treated with domperidone, a generic drug that increases systemic prolactin levels. In patients treated with domperidone, molecule levels changed little during follow up, while prolactin levels increased several-fold. We found no significant association between prolactin levels and radiological or clinical outcome.
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Li Y, Zhou Y. Interleukin-17: The Role for Pathological Angiogenesis in Ocular Neovascular Diseases. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 247:87-98. [PMID: 30773517 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.247.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases are featured by abnormal angiogenesis in the eye, and they seriously threaten the human visual health. These diseases include proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). In fact, ocular neovascular diseases represent the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness worldwide. Ocular neovascularization, the process of pathological vessel formation in eye, underlies ocular neovascular diseases. Cytokines have important regulatory roles in neovascularization through immunological networks. Interleukin (IL)-17, the signature cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has proven to be involved in ocular neovascularization. However, roles of IL-17 in ocular neovascular diseases still remain controversial. This review provides an overview of the functional roles of IL-17 in ocular neovascular diseases from basic research to clinical evidence by focusing on PDR, AMD, ROP, and RVO. The possible roles of IL-17 in neovascularization are achieved through a regulatory network of cytoskeleton remodeling, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-related cytokines, and complement components. Current applications as well as potential therapies targeting IL-17 with genome editing systems are also outlined and discussed. Targeting IL-17 might be a promising therapeutic strategy against ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease
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35
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Voo VTF, O'Brien T, Butzkueven H, Monif M. The role of vitamin D and P2X7R in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:159-169. [PMID: 30908981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by neuroinflammatory infiltrates and central nervous system demyelination. In the neuroinflammatory foci of MS there is increased expression of a purinergic receptor, P2X7R. Although implicated in the neuroinflammation, the exact role of P2X7R in the context of MS is unclear and forms the basis of this review. In this review, we also introduce the immunopathologies and inflammatory processes in MS, with a focus on P2X7R and the possible immunomodulatory role of vitamin D deficiency in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Tsin Fong Voo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
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36
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Garretti F, Agalliu D, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Sette A, Sulzer D. Autoimmunity in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of α-Synuclein-Specific T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:303. [PMID: 30858851 PMCID: PMC6397885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from a variety of studies implicates a role for the adaptive immune system in Parkinson's disease (PD). Similar to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who display a high number of T cells in the brain attacking oligodendrocytes, PD patients show higher numbers of T cells in the ventral midbrain than healthy, age-matched controls. Mouse models of the disease also show the presence of T cells in the brain. The role of these infiltrating T cells in the propagation of disease is controversial; however, recent studies indicate that they may be autoreactive in nature, recognizing disease-altered self-proteins as foreign antigens. T cells of PD patients can generate an autoimmune response to α-synuclein, a protein that is aggregated in PD. α-Synuclein and other proteins are post-translationally modified in an environment in which protein processing is altered, possibly leading to the generation of neo-epitopes, or self-peptides that have not been identified by the host immune system as non-foreign. Infiltrating T cells may also be responding to such modified proteins. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown associations of PD with haplotypes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes, and a polymorphism in a non-coding region that may increase MHC class II in PD patients. We speculate that the inflammation observed in PD may play both pathogenic and protective roles. Future studies on the adaptive immune system in neurodegenerative disorders may elucidate steps in disease pathogenesis and assist with the development of both biomarkers and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garretti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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37
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Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for autoimmune diseases: emerging roles of extracellular vesicles. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1533-1549. [PMID: 30623280 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In autoimmune disease body's own immune system knows healthy cells as undesired and foreign cells. Over 80 types of autoimmune diseases have been recognized. Currently, at clinical practice, treatment strategies for autoimmune disorders are based on relieving symptoms and preventing difficulties. In other words, there is no effective and useful therapy up to now. It has been well-known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory effects. This strongly suggests that MSCs might be as a novel modality for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Supporting this notion a few preclinical and clinical studies indicate that MSCs ameliorate autoimmune disorders. Interestingly, it has been found that the beneficial effects of MSCs in autoimmune disorders are not relying only on direct cell-to-cell communication but on their capability to produce a broad range of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vehicles (EVs). EVs are multi-signal messengers that play a serious role in intercellular signaling through carrying cargo such as mRNA, miRNA, and proteins. Numerous studies have shown that MSC-derived EVs are able to mimic the effects of the cell of origin on immune cells. In this review, we discuss the current studies dealing with MSC-based therapies in autoimmune diseases and provide a vision and highlight in order to introduce MSC-derived EVs as an alternative and emerging modality for autoimmune disorders.
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38
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Liu X, Zhou F, Yang Y, Wang W, Niu L, Zuo D, Li X, Hua H, Zhang B, Kou Y, Guo J, Kong F, Pan W, Gao D, Meves JM, Sun H, Xue M, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Tang R. MiR-409-3p and MiR-1896 co-operatively participate in IL-17-induced inflammatory cytokine production in astrocytes and pathogenesis of EAE mice via targeting SOCS3/STAT3 signaling. Glia 2018; 67:101-112. [PMID: 30294880 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells and interleukin-17 (IL-17) have been found to play an important role in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Response to IL-17, reactive astrocytes accompany with immune cells infiltration and axonal damage in MS/EAE. However, the role and the regulatory mechanism of IL-17-activated astrocytes in inflammation and in the EAE process still remain largely unknown. Here, we elucidated that miR-409-3p and miR-1896, as co-upregulated microRNAs in activated astrocytes and in EAE mice, targeted suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins 3 (SOCS3). Overexpression of miR-409-3p or miR-1896 significantly reduced SOCS3 expression and increased phosphorylation of STAT3 as well as induced the inflammatory cytokines production (IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10, MCP-1, and KC), CD4+ T cells migration and demyelination, in turn aggravating EAE development. Importantly, the effects of co-overexpression of miR-409-3p and miR-1896 in vitro or in vivo are strongly co-operative. In contrast, simultaneously silenced miR-409-3p and miR-1896 co-operatively ameliorates inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system of EAE mice. Collectively, our findings highlight that miR-409-3p and miR-1896 co-ordinately promote the production of inflammatory cytokines in reactive astrocytes through the SOCS3/STAT3 pathway and enhance reactive astrocyte-directed chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells, leading to aggravate pathogenesis in EAE mice. Co-inhibition of miR-409-3p and miR-1896 may be a therapeutic target for treating MS and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weixiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liping Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjiao Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jessica M Meves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingxiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen Z, Chen S, Liu J. The role of T cells in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:1-23. [PMID: 30114440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, different components of the brain's immune system may exert diverse effects on neuroinflammatory events in PD. The adaptive immune response, especially the T cell response, can trigger type 1 pro-inflammatory activities and suppress type 2 anti-inflammatory activities, eventually resulting in deregulated neuroinflammation and subsequent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Additionally, studies have increasingly shown that therapies targeting T cells can alleviate neurodegeneration and motor behavior impairment in animal models of PD. Therefore, we conclude that abnormal T cell-mediated immunity is a fundamental pathological process that may be a promising translational therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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40
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Lower Serum Zinc Levels in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Compared to Healthy Controls. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080967. [PMID: 30049983 PMCID: PMC6115799 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diminished blood levels of zinc have been reported to be associated with T-cell-mediated autoimmunity, which has been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to compare the distribution of serum zinc status in MS patients with that in healthy controls (HCs) and to investigate a potential correlation with clinical state, through analysis of serum zinc concentration in MS patients suffering from different disease subtypes. METHODS Serum zinc concentrations of 133 patients with relapsing (RMS) and 18 patients with the progressive form of MS (PMS), according to the McDonald criteria of 2010, were measured. Clinical status was quantified using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Zinc concentrations were also determined in the sera of 50 HCs, matched for age and sex at a group level. RESULTS MS patients showed significantly lower zinc concentrations (mean (SD)) than HCs (12.5 (2.1) µmol/L vs. 14.6 (2.3) µmol/L, p < 0.001). In contrast, we did not find any difference between RMS (12.4 (2.0) µmol/L) and PMS (13.0 (3.0) µmol/L) cases (p = 0.8). Patients receiving disease-modifying treatment showed lower mean (SD) serum zinc levels than untreated cases (12.3 (1.9) µmol/L vs. 13.5 (3.2) µmol/L, p < 0.03). Zinc levels were not related to disease duration, EDSS, annual relapse rate, or the median number of relapses. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that a diagnosis of MS is related to lower serum zinc concentrations than in HCs, and concentrations were lower still under disease-modifying therapy. However, zinc levels did not predict disease subtypes or disability status.
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41
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Chen C, Zhou Y, Wang J, Yan Y, Peng L, Qiu W. Dysregulated MicroRNA Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis by Induction of T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1256. [PMID: 29915595 PMCID: PMC5994557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Growing evidence has proven that T helper 17 (Th17) cells are one of the regulators of neuroinflammation mechanisms in MS disease. Researchers have demonstrated that some microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with disease activity and duration, even with different MS patterns. miRNAs regulate CD4+ T cells to differentiate toward various T cell subtypes including Th17 cells. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of miRNAs in MS pathophysiology by regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th17 cells, and potential miRNA targets for current disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lisheng Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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The influence of biogenic amines on Th17-mediated immune response in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 21:19-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Giovannoni G, Hawkes C, Levy M, Lublin F, Waubant E. Editors’ Welcome. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 19:A1-A2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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