1
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Gomez AM, Brewer RC, Moon JS, Acharya S, Kongpachith S, Wang Q, Jahanbani S, Wong HH, Lanz TV, Love ZZ, Min-Oo G, Niedziela-Majka A, Robinson WH. Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies With Multiple Specificities Ameliorate Collagen Antibody-Induced Arthritis in a Time-Dependent Manner. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:181-191. [PMID: 37610274 DOI: 10.1002/art.42679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and have long been regarded as pathogenic. Despite substantial in vitro evidence supporting this claim, reports investigating the proinflammatory effects of ACPAs in animal models of arthritis are rare and include mixed results. Here, we sequenced the plasmablast antibody repertoire of a patient with RA and functionally characterized the encoded ACPAs. METHODS We expressed ACPAs from the antibody repertoire of a patient with RA and characterized their autoantigen specificities on antigen arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Binding affinities were estimated by bio-layer interferometry. Select ACPAs (n = 9) were tested in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mouse model to evaluate their effects on joint inflammation. RESULTS Recombinant ACPAs bound preferentially and with high affinity (nanomolar range) to citrullinated (cit) autoantigens (primarily histones and fibrinogen) and to auto-cit peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4). ACPAs were grouped for in vivo testing based on their predominant cit-antigen specificities. Unexpectedly, injections of recombinant ACPAs significantly reduced paw thickness and arthritis severity in CAIA mice as compared with isotype-matched control antibodies (P ≤ 0.001). Bone erosion, synovitis, and cartilage damage were also significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.01). This amelioration of CAIA was observed for all the ACPAs tested and was independent of cit-PAD4 and cit-fibrinogen specificities. Furthermore, disease amelioration was more prominent when ACPAs were injected at earlier stages of CAIA than at later phases of the model. CONCLUSION Recombinant patient-derived ACPAs ameliorated CAIA. Their antiinflammatory effects were more preventive than therapeutic. This study highlights a potential protective role for ACPAs in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Gomez
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - R Camille Brewer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jae-Seung Moon
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Suman Acharya
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Qian Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Heidi H Wong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Zelda Z Love
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | - William H Robinson
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
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2
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Brewer RC, Lanz TV, Hale CR, Sepich-Poore GD, Martino C, Swafford AD, Carroll TS, Kongpachith S, Blum LK, Elliott SE, Blachere NE, Parveen S, Fak J, Yao V, Troyanskaya O, Frank MO, Bloom MS, Jahanbani S, Gomez AM, Iyer R, Ramadoss NS, Sharpe O, Chandrasekaran S, Kelmenson LB, Wang Q, Wong H, Torres HL, Wiesen M, Graves DT, Deane KD, Holers VM, Knight R, Darnell RB, Robinson WH, Orange DE. Oral mucosal breaks trigger anti-citrullinated bacterial and human protein antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq8476. [PMID: 36812347 PMCID: PMC10496947 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq8476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is more common in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have detectable anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs), implicating oral mucosal inflammation in RA pathogenesis. Here, we performed paired analysis of human and bacterial transcriptomics in longitudinal blood samples from RA patients. We found that patients with RA and periodontal disease experienced repeated oral bacteremias associated with transcriptional signatures of ISG15+HLADRhi and CD48highS100A2pos monocytes, recently identified in inflamed RA synovia and blood of those with RA flares. The oral bacteria observed transiently in blood were broadly citrullinated in the mouth, and their in situ citrullinated epitopes were targeted by extensively somatically hypermutated ACPAs encoded by RA blood plasmablasts. Together, these results suggest that (i) periodontal disease results in repeated breaches of the oral mucosa that release citrullinated oral bacteria into circulation, which (ii) activate inflammatory monocyte subsets that are observed in inflamed RA synovia and blood of RA patients with flares and (iii) activate ACPA B cells, thereby promoting affinity maturation and epitope spreading to citrullinated human antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Camille Brewer
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Tobias V. Lanz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, 68167, Germany
| | - Caryn R. Hale
- Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Cameron Martino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Austin D. Swafford
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Kongpachith
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Lisa K. Blum
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Serra E. Elliott
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Nathalie E. Blachere
- Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | - John Fak
- Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vicky Yao
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Olga Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute of Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Mayu O. Frank
- Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michelle S. Bloom
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shaghayegh Jahanbani
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Alejandro M. Gomez
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Radhika Iyer
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Nitya S. Ramadoss
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Orr Sharpe
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - Lindsay B. Kelmenson
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado - Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Heidi Wong
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | | | - Mark Wiesen
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin D. Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado - Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado - Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert B. Darnell
- Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Dana E. Orange
- Rockefeller University, New York City, NY 10065, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY 10075, USA
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3
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Lanz TV, Robinson WH, Ho PP, Steinman L. Roadmap for understanding mechanisms on how Epstein-Barr virus triggers multiple sclerosis and for translating these discoveries in clinical trials. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1438. [PMID: 36815946 PMCID: PMC9933111 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we offer a roadmap for what might be studied next in understanding how EBV triggers MS. We focus on two areas: The first area concerns the molecular mechanisms underlying how clonal antibody in the CSF emanates in widespread molecular mimicry to key antigens in the nervous system including GlialCAM, a protein associated with chloride channels. A second and equally high priority in the roadmap concerns various therapeutic approaches that are related to blocking the mechanisms whereby EBV triggers MS. Therapies deserving of attention include clinical trials with antivirals and the development of 'inverse' vaccines based on nucleic acid technologies to control or to eradicate the consequences of EBV infection. High enthusiasm is given to continuation of ongoing clinical trials of cellular adoptive therapy to attack EBV-infected cells. Clinical trials of vaccines to EBV are another area deserving attention. These suggested topics involving research on mechanism, and the design, implementation and performance of well-designed trials are not intended to be an exhaustive list. We have splendid tools available to our community of medical scientists to tackle how EBV triggers MS and then to perhaps change the world with new therapies to potentially eradicate MS, as we have done with nearly complete success for poliomyelitis.
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4
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Abu Hejleh AP, Huck K, Jähne K, Tan CL, Lanz TV, Epping L, Sonner JK, Meuth SG, Henneberg A, Opitz CA, Herold-Mende C, Sahm F, Platten M, Sahm K. Endothelial Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase-1 is not Critically Involved in Regulating Antitumor Immunity in the Central Nervous System. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231153111. [PMID: 36798537 PMCID: PMC9926378 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231153111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular niche of malignant gliomas is a key compartment that shapes the immunosuppressive brain tumor microenvironment (TME). The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) consisting of specialized endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular cells forms a tight anatomical and functional barrier critically controlling transmigration and effector function of immune cells. During neuroinflammation and tumor progression, the metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) to metabolites such as kynurenine has long been identified as an important metabolic pathway suppressing immune responses. Previous studies have demonstrated that indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), a key rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism, is expressed within the TME of high-grade gliomas. Here, we investigate the role of endothelial IDO1 (eIDO1) expression for brain tumor immunity. Single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that in human glioma tissue, IDO1 is predominantly expressed by activated ECs showing a JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related CXCL11+ gene expression signature. In a syngeneic experimental glioma model, eIDO1 is induced by low-dose tumor irradiation. However, cell type-specific ablation of eIDO1 in experimental gliomas did not alter frequency and phenotype of tumor-infiltrating T cells nor tumor growth. Taken together these data argue against a dominant role of eIDO1 for brain tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- AP Abu Hejleh
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Huck
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Jähne
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - CL Tan
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - TV Lanz
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - L Epping
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - JK Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - SG Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany,Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Henneberg
- Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - CA Opitz
- Division of Metabolic Crosstalk in Cancer, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Platten
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Sahm
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany,Katharina Sahm, Department of Neurology, Mannheim Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim 68167, Germany,
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5
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Lanz TV, Brewer RC, Jahanbani S, Robinson WH. Limited Neutralization of Omicron by Antibodies from the BNT162b2 Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Res Sq 2022:rs.3.rs-1518378. [PMID: 35441169 PMCID: PMC9016652 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1518378/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Since early December 2021, the omicron variant has posed additional challenges to the world-wide management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Immune evasion is a key factor for its increased transmissibility. While serological studies have measured levels of neutralizing antibodies in response to vaccines, our understanding of the humoral immune response to omicron on a single-antibody level is limited. Here, we characterize a set of BNT162b2 vaccine-derived antibodies for neutralization of omicron pseudovirus. We show that approximately 50% of neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies cross-neutralize omicron, albeit with lower potency than the original Wuhan-Hu1 strain. All investigated neutralizing anti-S2 antibodies cross-neutralize omicron, however all of them are less potent than anti-RBD antibodies. While additional booster immunizations of the current vaccine generate increased antibody levels and better protection, we anticipate that the second generation of vaccines will yield more high-affinity antibodies against omicron.
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Lanz TV, Brewer RC, Ho PP, Moon JS, Jude KM, Fernandez D, Fernandes RA, Gomez AM, Nadj GS, Bartley CM, Schubert RD, Hawes IA, Vazquez SE, Iyer M, Zuchero JB, Teegen B, Dunn JE, Lock CB, Kipp LB, Cotham VC, Ueberheide BM, Aftab BT, Anderson MS, DeRisi JL, Wilson MR, Bashford-Rogers RJ, Platten M, Garcia KC, Steinman L, Robinson WH. Clonally expanded B cells in multiple sclerosis bind EBV EBNA1 and GlialCAM. Nature 2022; 603:321-327. [PMID: 35073561 PMCID: PMC9382663 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogenous autoimmune disease in which autoreactive lymphocytes attack the myelin sheath of the central nervous system. B lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MS contribute to inflammation and secrete oligoclonal immunoglobulins1,2. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been epidemiologically linked to MS, but its pathological role remains unclear3. Here we demonstrate high-affinity molecular mimicry between the EBV transcription factor EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and the central nervous system protein glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM) and provide structural and in vivo functional evidence for its relevance. A cross-reactive CSF-derived antibody was initially identified by single-cell sequencing of the paired-chain B cell repertoire of MS blood and CSF, followed by protein microarray-based testing of recombinantly expressed CSF-derived antibodies against MS-associated viruses. Sequence analysis, affinity measurements and the crystal structure of the EBNA1-peptide epitope in complex with the autoreactive Fab fragment enabled tracking of the development of the naive EBNA1-restricted antibody to a mature EBNA1-GlialCAM cross-reactive antibody. Molecular mimicry is facilitated by a post-translational modification of GlialCAM. EBNA1 immunization exacerbates disease in a mouse model of MS, and anti-EBNA1 and anti-GlialCAM antibodies are prevalent in patients with MS. Our results provide a mechanistic link for the association between MS and EBV and could guide the development of new MS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias V. Lanz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States,Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany,Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R. Camille Brewer
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Peggy P. Ho
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Jae-Seung Moon
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Kevin M. Jude
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Fernandez
- Stanford ChEM-H Institute, Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center, 290 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Ricardo A. Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Alejandro M. Gomez
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Gabriel-Stefan Nadj
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Christopher M. Bartley
- Hanna H. Gray Fellow, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Rd, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Ln San Francisco, CA 94158, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ryan D. Schubert
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Ln San Francisco, CA 94158, San Francisco, United States
| | - Isobel A. Hawes
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Ln San Francisco, CA 94158, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sara E. Vazquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Manasi Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welsh Road, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - J. Bradley Zuchero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welsh Road, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bianca Teegen
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Seekamp 31, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeffrey E. Dunn
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lock
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucas B. Kipp
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Victoria C. Cotham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, and NYU Langone Health Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU School of Medicine, 430 East 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Beatrix M. Ueberheide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Perlmutter Cancer Center, and NYU Langone Health Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU School of Medicine, 430 East 29th St, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Blake T. Aftab
- Preclinical Science and Translational Medicine, Atara Biotherapeutics, 611 Gateway Blvd South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, University of California San Francisco, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Ln San Francisco, CA 94158, San Francisco, United States
| | - Rachael J.M. Bashford-Rogers
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Dr, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany,Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States, and the Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (GRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States,Corresponding Author: William H. Robinson, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States,
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7
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Mohapatra SR, Sadik A, Sharma S, Poschet G, Gegner HM, Lanz TV, Lucarelli P, Klingmüller U, Platten M, Heiland I, Opitz CA. Hypoxia Routes Tryptophan Homeostasis Towards Increased Tryptamine Production. Front Immunol 2021; 12:590532. [PMID: 33679737 PMCID: PMC7933006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.590532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central hub for processing and maintaining homeostatic levels of dietary nutrients especially essential amino acids such as tryptophan (Trp). Trp is required not only to sustain protein synthesis but also as a precursor for the production of NAD, neurotransmitters and immunosuppressive metabolites. In light of these roles of Trp and its metabolic products, maintaining homeostatic levels of Trp is essential for health and well-being. The liver regulates global Trp supply by the immunosuppressive enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), which degrades Trp down the kynurenine pathway (KP). In the current study, we show that isolated primary hepatocytes when exposed to hypoxic environments, extensively rewire their Trp metabolism by reducing constitutive Tdo2 expression and differentially regulating other Trp pathway enzymes and transporters. Mathematical modelling of Trp metabolism in liver cells under hypoxia predicted decreased flux through the KP while metabolic flux through the tryptamine branch significantly increased. In line, the model also revealed an increased accumulation of tryptamines under hypoxia, at the expense of kynurenines. Metabolic measurements in hypoxic hepatocytes confirmed the predicted reduction in KP metabolites as well as accumulation of tryptamine. Tdo2 expression in cultured primary hepatocytes was reduced upon hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) stabilisation by dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), demonstrating that HIFs are involved in the hypoxic downregulation of hepatic Tdo2. DMOG abrogated hepatic luciferase signals in Tdo2 reporter mice, indicating that HIF stability also recapitulates hypoxic rewiring of Trp metabolism in vivo. Also in WT mice HIF stabilization drove homeostatic Trp metabolism away from the KP towards enhanced tryptamine production, leading to enhanced levels of tryptamine in liver, serum and brain. As tryptamines are the most potent hallucinogens known, the observed upregulation of tryptamine in response to hypoxic exposure of hepatocytes may be involved in the generation of hallucinations occurring at high altitude. KP metabolites are known to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR-activating properties of tryptamines may explain why immunosuppressive AHR activity is maintained under hypoxia despite downregulation of the KP. In summary our results identify hypoxia as an important factor controlling Trp metabolism in the liver with possible implications for immunosuppressive AHR activation and mental disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya R. Mohapatra
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen M. Gegner
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias V. Lanz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Division Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christiane A. Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Bhamidipati K, Silberstein JL, Chaichian Y, Baker MC, Lanz TV, Zia A, Rasheed YS, Cochran JR, Robinson WH. CD52 Is Elevated on B cells of SLE Patients and Regulates B Cell Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:626820. [PMID: 33658999 PMCID: PMC7917337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.626820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by B cell dysregulation and breaks in tolerance that lead to the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of B cells from healthy donors and individuals with SLE which revealed upregulated CD52 expression in SLE patients. We further demonstrate that SLE patients exhibit significantly increased levels of B cell surface CD52 expression and plasma soluble CD52, and levels of soluble CD52 positively correlate with measures of lupus disease activity. Using CD52-deficient JeKo-1 cells, we show that cells lacking surface CD52 expression are hyperresponsive to B cell receptor (BCR) signaling, suggesting an inhibitory role for the surface-bound protein. In healthy donor B cells, antigen-specific BCR-activation initiated CD52 cleavage in a phospholipase C dependent manner, significantly reducing cell surface levels. Experiments with recombinant CD52-Fc showed that soluble CD52 inhibits BCR signaling in a manner partially-dependent on Siglec-10. Moreover, incubation of unstimulated B cells with CD52-Fc resulted in the reduction of surface immunoglobulin and CXCR5. Prolonged incubation of B cells with CD52 resulted in the expansion of IgD+IgMlo anergic B cells. In summary, our findings suggest that CD52 functions as a homeostatic protein on B cells, by inhibiting responses to BCR signaling. Further, our data demonstrate that CD52 is cleaved from the B cell surface upon antigen engagement, and can suppress B cell function in an autocrine and paracrine manner. We propose that increased expression of CD52 by B cells in SLE represents a homeostatic mechanism to suppress B cell hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Bhamidipati
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John L. Silberstein
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yashaar Chaichian
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Matthew C. Baker
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tobias V. Lanz
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Amin Zia
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yusuf S. Rasheed
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William H. Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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9
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Lercher A, Popa AM, Viczenczova C, Kosack L, Klavins K, Agerer B, Opitz CA, Lanz TV, Platten M, Bergthaler A. Hepatocyte-intrinsic type I interferon signaling reprograms metabolism and reveals a novel compensatory mechanism of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in viral hepatitis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008973. [PMID: 33045014 PMCID: PMC7580883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a central regulator of metabolic homeostasis and serum metabolite levels. Hepatocytes are the functional units of the liver parenchyma and not only responsible for turnover of biomolecules but also act as central immune signaling platforms. Hepatotropic viruses infect liver tissue, resulting in inflammatory responses, tissue damage and hepatitis. Combining well-established in vitro and in vivo model systems with transcriptomic analyses, we show that type I interferon signaling initiates a robust antiviral immune response in hepatocytes. Strikingly, we also identify IFN-I as both, sufficient and necessary, to induce wide-spread metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes. IFN-I specifically rewired tryptophan metabolism and induced hepatic tryptophan oxidation to kynurenine via Tdo2, correlating with altered concentrations of serum metabolites upon viral infection. Infected Tdo2-deficient animals displayed elevated serum levels of tryptophan and, unexpectedly, also vast increases in the downstream immune-suppressive metabolite kynurenine. Thus, Tdo2-deficiency did not result in altered serum homeostasis of the tryptophan to kynurenine ratio during infection, which seemed to be independent of hepatocyte-intrinsic compensation via the IDO-axis. These data highlight that inflammation-induced reprogramming of systemic tryptophan metabolism is tightly regulated in viral hepatitis. Viral hepatitis is responsible for more than one million annual deaths worldwide and may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The main metabolic cell type of the liver is the hepatocyte. In viral hepatitis, type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling rewires hepatocyte metabolism and serum metabolites to shape disease pathophysiology – an immune-regulatory circuit that might be therapeutically exploited. Here, we show that hepatocyte-intrinsic antiviral IFN-I signaling is both necessary and sufficient to induce wide-spread metabolic changes in hepatocytes. We identify a IFN-I-mediated induction of the hepatic kynurenine pathway via the rate-limiting and liver-specific enzyme TDO2, which controls serum homeostasis of tryptophan by converting it into kynurenine. Loss of TDO2 triggers a so far unknown compensatory mechanism, resulting in a vast increase of circulating kynurenine independent of hepatocyte intrinsic activity of the related IDO-enzymes. This study provides new insights into how inflammation reprograms metabolism of the liver and the kynurenine pathway during viral hepatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/metabolism
- Female
- Hepatitis Viruses/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/virology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-7/physiology
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/physiology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/physiology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan Oxygenase/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AL); (AB)
| | - Alexandra M. Popa
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Agerer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane A. Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias V. Lanz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AL); (AB)
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10
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Murphy KA, Bhamidipati K, Rubin SJS, Kipp L, Robinson WH, Lanz TV. Immunomodulatory receptors are differentially expressed in B and T cell subsets relevant to autoimmune disease. Clin Immunol 2019; 209:108276. [PMID: 31669582 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory cell-surface receptors on lymphocytes, often called immune checkpoints, are powerful targets for cancer therapy. Despite their direct involvement in autoimmune pathology, they are currently not exploited therapeutically for autoimmune diseases. Understanding the expression pattern of these receptors in health and disease is essential for targeted drug design. Here, we designed three 23-colour flow cytometry panels for peripheral-blood T cells, including 15 lineage-defining markers and 21 immunomodulatory cell-surface receptors, and a 22-marker panel for B cells. Blood samples from healthy individuals, multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus (SLE) patients were included in the study. Several receptors show differential expression on regulatory T cells (Treg) compared to T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells, and functional relevance of this difference could be shown for BTLA and CD5. Unbiased multiparametric analysis revealed a subset of activated CD8+ T cells and a subset of unswitched memory B cells that are diminished in MS and SLE, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Murphy
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kartik Bhamidipati
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Samuel J S Rubin
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Kipp
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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11
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Lanz TV, Pröbstel AK, Mildenberger I, Platten M, Schirmer L. Single-Cell High-Throughput Technologies in Cerebrospinal Fluid Research and Diagnostics. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1302. [PMID: 31244848 PMCID: PMC6579921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput single-cell technologies have recently emerged as essential tools in biomedical research with great potential for clinical pathology when studying liquid and solid biopsies. We provide an update on current single-cell methods in cerebrospinal fluid research and diagnostics, focusing on high-throughput cell-type specific proteomic and genomic technologies. Proteomic methods comprising flow cytometry and mass cytometry as well as genomic approaches including immune cell repertoire and single-cell transcriptomic studies are critically reviewed and future directions discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias V. Lanz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedicine, Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris Mildenberger
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Schirmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Lanz TV, Becker S, Mohapatra SR, Opitz CA, Wick W, Platten M. Suppression of Th1 differentiation by tryptophan supplementation in vivo. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1169-1175. [PMID: 28421297 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (trp) is a key endogenous immunosuppressive pathway restricting inflammatory responses. Tryptophan metabolites promote regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and suppress proinflammatory T helper cell (Th)1 and Th17 phenotypes. It has been shown that treatment with natural and synthetic tryptophan metabolites can suppress autoimmune neuroinflammation in preclinical animal models. Here, we tested if oral intake of tryptophan would increase immunosuppressive tryptophan metabolites and ameliorate autoimmune neuroinflammation as a safe approach to treat autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). Without oral supplementation, systemic kynurenine levels decrease during the initiation phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS, indicating systemic activation of tryptophan metabolism. Daily oral gavage of up to 10 mg/mouse/day was safe and increased serum kynurenine levels by more than 20-fold for more than 3 h after the gavage. While this treatment resulted in suppression of myelin-specific Th1 responses, there was no relevant impact on clinical disease activity. These data show that oral trp supplementation at subtoxic concentrations suppresses antigen-specific Th1 responses, but suggest that the increase in trp metabolites is not sustained enough to impact neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias V Lanz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR, 269 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Simon Becker
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- Brain Cancer Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Brain Cancer Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Lanz TV, Williams SK, Stojic A, Iwantscheff S, Sonner JK, Grabitz C, Becker S, Böhler LI, Mohapatra SR, Sahm F, Küblbeck G, Nakamura T, Funakoshi H, Opitz CA, Wick W, Diem R, Platten M. Tryptophan-2,3-Dioxygenase (TDO) deficiency is associated with subclinical neuroprotection in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41271. [PMID: 28117398 PMCID: PMC5259766 DOI: 10.1038/srep41271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of tryptophan to immunosuppressive and neuroactive kynurenines is a key metabolic pathway regulating immune responses and neurotoxicity. The rate-limiting step is controlled by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). IDO is expressed in antigen presenting cells during immune reactions, hepatic TDO regulates blood homeostasis of tryptophan and neuronal TDO influences neurogenesis. While the role of IDO has been described in multiple immunological settings, little is known about TDO’s effects on the immune system. TDO-deficiency is neuroprotective in C. elegans and Drosophila by increasing tryptophan and specific kynurenines. Here we have determined the role of TDO in autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. We created reporter-TDO mice for in vivo imaging to show that hepatic but not CNS TDO expression is activated during EAE. TDO deficiency did not influence myelin-specific T cells, leukocyte infiltration into the CNS, demyelination and disease activity. TDO-deficiency protected from neuronal loss in the spinal cord but not in the optic nerves. While this protection did not translate to an improved overt clinical outcome, our data suggest that spatially distinct neuroprotection is conserved in mammals and support TDO as a potential target for treatment of diseases associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias V Lanz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- AG Neuroinflammation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Otto-Meyerhof Zentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Stojic
- AG Neuroinflammation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Otto-Meyerhof Zentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simeon Iwantscheff
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Grabitz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Becker
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura-Inés Böhler
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soumya R Mohapatra
- AG Brain Tumor Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Küblbeck
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Center for Advanced Research and Education (CARE), Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,AG Brain Tumor Metabolism, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,AG Neuroinflammation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Otto-Meyerhof Zentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Keil M, Sonner JK, Lanz TV, Oezen I, Bunse T, Bittner S, Meyer HV, Meuth SG, Wick W, Platten M. General control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) in T cells controls disease progression of autoimmune neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 297:117-26. [PMID: 27397084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS)(2) is characterized by phases of acute neuroinflammation followed by spontaneous remission. Termination of inflammation is accompanied by an influx of regulatory T cells (Tregs).(3) The molecular mechanisms responsible for directing Tregs into the inflamed CNS tissue, however, are incompletely understood. In an MS mouse model we show that the stress kinase general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2),(4) expressed in T cells, contributes to the resolution of autoimmune neuroinflammation. Failure to recover from acute inflammation was associated with reduced frequencies of CNS-infiltrating Tregs. GCN2 deficient Tregs displayed impaired migration to a CCL2 gradient. These data suggest an important contribution of the T cell stress response to the resolution of autoimmune neuroinflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Annexin A5/metabolism
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Brain/cytology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/physiopathology
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/toxicity
- Peptide Fragments/toxicity
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/physiology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Keil
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jana K Sonner
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Iris Oezen
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Theresa Bunse
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bittner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hannah V Meyer
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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15
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Pilz C, Feyerabend T, Sonner J, Redaelli C, Peter K, Kunze A, Haas K, Esser C, Schäkel K, Wick W, Rodewald HR, Lanz TV, Platten M. Normal mast cell numbers in the tissues of AhR-deficient mice. Exp Dermatol 2015; 25:62-3. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pilz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thorsten Feyerabend
- Division for Cellular Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jana Sonner
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Chiara Redaelli
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Katharina Peter
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anja Kunze
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Katharina Haas
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division for Cellular Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tobias V. Lanz
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg Germany
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16
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Lanz TV, Becker S, Iwantscheff S, Grabitz C, Böhler LI, Wick W, Platten M. Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Bessede A, Gargaro M, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Servillo G, Brunacci C, Bicciato S, Mazza EMC, Macchiarulo A, Vacca C, Iannitti R, Tissi L, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Lanz TV, Platten M, Della Fazia MA, Piobbico D, Zelante T, Funakoshi H, Nakamura T, Gilot D, Denison MS, Guillemin GJ, DuHadaway JB, Prendergast GC, Metz R, Geffard M, Boon L, Pirro M, Iorio A, Veyret B, Romani L, Grohmann U, Fallarino F, Puccetti P. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway. Nature 2014; 511:184-90. [PMID: 24930766 DOI: 10.1038/nature13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease tolerance is the ability of the host to reduce the effect of infection on host fitness. Analysis of disease tolerance pathways could provide new approaches for treating infections and other inflammatory diseases. Typically, an initial exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a state of refractoriness to further LPS challenge (endotoxin tolerance). We found that a first exposure of mice to LPS activated the ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which provided an activating ligand to the former, to downregulate early inflammatory gene expression. However, on LPS rechallenge, AhR engaged in long-term regulation of systemic inflammation only in the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). AhR-complex-associated Src kinase activity promoted IDO1 phosphorylation and signalling ability. The resulting endotoxin-tolerant state was found to protect mice against immunopathology in Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections, pointing to a role for AhR in contributing to host fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Bessede
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2] IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France [3]
| | - Marco Gargaro
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2]
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Brunacci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Iannitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Tissi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Della Fazia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, 078-8510 Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Kringle Pharma Joint Research Division for Regenerative Drug Discovery, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - David Gilot
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 95616 California, USA
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, 2109 New South Wales, Australia
| | - James B DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, 19096 Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Richard Metz
- New Link Genetics Corporation, Ames, 50010 Iowa, USA
| | - Michel Geffard
- IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iorio
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bernard Veyret
- IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Ochs K, Sahm F, Opitz CA, Lanz TV, Oezen I, Couraud PO, von Deimling A, Wick W, Platten M. Immature mesenchymal stem cell-like pericytes as mediators of immunosuppression in human malignant glioma. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 265:106-16. [PMID: 24090655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumors characterized by profound local immunosuppression. While the remarkable plasticity of perivascular cells - resembling mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) - in malignant gliomas and their contribution to angiogenesis is increasingly recognized, their role as potential mediators of immunosuppression is unknown. Here we demonstrate that FACS-sorted malignant glioma-derived pericytes (HMGP) were characterized by the expression of CD90, CD248, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β). HMGP shared this expression profile with human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) and human MSC (HMSC) but not human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC). CD90+PDGFR-β+perivascular cells distinct from CD31+ endothelial cells accumulated in human gliomas with increasing degree of malignancy and negatively correlated with the presence of blood vessel-associated leukocytes and CD8+ T cells. Cultured CD90+PDGFR-β+HBVP were equally capable of suppressing allogeneic or mitogen-activated T cell responses as human MSC. HMGP, HBVP and HMSC expressed prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). These factors but not indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine functionally contributed to immunosuppression of immature pericytes. Our data provide evidence that human cerebral CD90+ perivascular cells possess T cell inhibitory capability comparable to human MSC and suggest that these cells, besides their critical role in tumor vascularization, also promote local immunosuppression in malignant gliomas and possibly other brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Ochs
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Lanz TV, Opitz CA, Ho PP, Agrawal A, Lutz C, Weller M, Mellor AL, Steinman L, Wick W, Platten M. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells suppress antigen-specific TH cell immunity independent of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:657-68. [PMID: 19886804 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunosuppressive properties, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) represent a promising tool for cell-based therapies of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Mouse MSC (mMSC) have been used extensively to characterize and optimize route of administration, motility, cellular targets, and immunosuppressive mechanisms in mouse models of autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Tryptophan (trp) catabolism by indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a chief endogenous metabolic pathway that tightly regulates unwanted immune responses through depletion of trp and generation of immunosuppressive kynurenines (kyn). IDO1 activity contributes to the immunosuppressive phenotype of hMSC. Here, we demonstrate that although IDO1 is inducible in bone marrow-derived mMSC by proinflammatory stimuli such as interferon-g (IFN-g) and ligands of toll-like receptors (TLR), it does not lead to catabolism of trp in vitro. This failure to catabolize trp is not due to defective TLR signaling as demonstrated by induction of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by TLR activation. While mMSC suppressed the activation of antigen-specific myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T-helper (TH) cells in co-culture, neither pharmacologic inhibition nor genetic ablation of IDO1 reversed this suppressive effect. Finally, systemic administration of both, IDO1-proficient and phenotypically identical IDO1-deficient mMSC, equally resulted in amelioration of EAE. mMSC, unlike hMSC, do not display IDO1-mediated suppression of antigen-specific T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias V Lanz
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg , German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Lanz TV, Ding Z, Ho PP, Luo J, Agrawal AN, Srinagesh H, Axtell R, Zhang H, Platten M, Wyss-Coray T, Steinman L. Angiotensin II sustains brain inflammation in mice via TGF-beta. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2782-94. [PMID: 20628203 DOI: 10.1172/jci41709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a key hormonal system regulating blood pressure. However, expression of RAAS components has recently been detected in immune cells, and the RAAS has been implicated in several mouse models of autoimmune disease. Here, we have identified Ang II as a paracrine mediator, sustaining inflammation in the CNS in the EAE mouse model of MS via TGF-beta. Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) were found to be primarily expressed in CNS-resident cells during EAE. In vitro, astrocytes and microglia responded to Ang II treatment by inducing TGF-beta expression via a pathway involving the TGF-beta-activating protease thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). TGF-beta upregulation in astrocytes and microglia during EAE was blocked with candesartan (CA), an inhibitor of AT1R. Treatment of EAE with CA ameliorated paralysis and blunted lymphocyte infiltration into the CNS, outcomes that were also seen with genetic ablation of AT1Ra and treatment with an inhibitor of TSP-1. These data suggest that AT1R antagonists, frequently prescribed as antihypertensives, may be useful to interrupt this proinflammatory, CNS-specific pathway in individuals with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias V Lanz
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Opitz CA, Litzenburger UM, Lutz C, Lanz TV, Tritschler I, Köppel A, Tolosa E, Hoberg M, Anderl J, Aicher WK, Weller M, Wick W, Platten M. Toll-Like Receptor Engagement Enhances the Immunosuppressive Properties of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Inducing Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 via Interferon-β and Protein Kinase R. Stem Cells 2009; 27:909-19. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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