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Orecchini E, Belladonna ML, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Zizi L, Panfili E, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Macchiarulo A, Bicciato S, Mondanelli G, Orabona C. The signaling function of IDO1 incites the malignant progression of mouse B16 melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2170095. [PMID: 36733497 PMCID: PMC9888476 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2170095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a leader tryptophan-degrading enzyme, represents a recognized immune checkpoint molecule. In neoplasia, IDO1 is often highly expressed in dendritic cells infiltrating the tumor and/or in tumor cells themselves, particularly in human melanoma. In dendritic cells, IDO1 does not merely metabolize tryptophan into kynurenine but, after phosphorylation of critical tyrosine residues in the non-catalytic small domain, it triggers a signaling pathway prolonging its immunoregulatory effects by a feed-forward mechanism. We here investigated whether the non-enzymatic function of IDO1 could also play a role in tumor cells by using B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells transfected with either the wild-type Ido1 gene (Ido1WT ) or a mutated variant lacking the catalytic, but not signaling activity (Ido1H350A ). As compared to the Ido1WT -transfected counterpart (B16WT), B16-F10 cells expressing Ido1H350A (B16H350A) were characterized by an in vitro accelerated growth mediated by increased Ras and Erk activities. Faster growth and malignant progression of B16H350A cells, also detectable in vivo, were found to be accompanied by a reduction in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and an increase in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that the IDO1 signaling function can also occur in tumor cells and that alternative therapeutic approach strategies should be undertaken to effectively tackle this important immune checkpoint molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - ML Belladonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MT Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Volpi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Zizi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Panfili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Rossini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - A Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy,CONTACT C Orabona Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazza Severi, Perugia06129, Italy
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2
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Panfili E, Mondanelli G, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Orecchini E, Prontera P, Proietti E, Frontino G, Tirelli E, Iacono A, Vacca C, Puccetti P, Grohmann U, Esposito S, Pallotta MT. Novel mutations in the WFS1 gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome and systemic inflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:265-276. [PMID: 33693650 PMCID: PMC8091036 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the WFS1 gene, encoding wolframin (WFS1), cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and are associated with a rare autosomal-recessive disorder known as Wolfram syndrome (WS). WS is clinically characterized by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus and neurological signs. We identified two novel WFS1 mutations in a patient with WS, namely, c.316-1G > A (in intron 3) and c.757A > T (in exon 7). Both mutations, located in the N-terminal region of the protein, were predicted to generate a truncated and inactive form of WFS1. We found that although the WFS1 protein was not expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the proband, no constitutive ER stress activation could be detected in those cells. In contrast, WS proband’s PBMCs produced very high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the absence of any stimulus. WFS1 silencing in PBMCs from control subjects by means of small RNA interference also induced a pronounced proinflammatory cytokine profile. The same cytokines were also significantly higher in sera from the WS patient as compared to matched healthy controls. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory state was associated with a dominance of proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17)-type cells over regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in the WS PBMCs. The identification of a state of systemic chronic inflammation associated with WFS1 deficiency may pave the way to innovative and personalized therapeutic interventions in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Elena Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giulio Frontino
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Eva Tirelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Visiting Professor, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
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3
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Iacono A, Pompa A, De Marchis F, Panfili E, Greco FA, Coletti A, Orabona C, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Mondanelli G, Albini E, Vacca C, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Bianchi R, De Marcos Lousa C, Mazza EM, Bicciato S, Proietti E, Milano F, Martelli MP, Iamandii IM, Graupera Garcia-Mila M, Llena Sopena J, Hawkins P, Suire S, Okkenhaug K, Stark AK, Grassi F, Bellucci M, Puccetti P, Santambrogio L, Macchiarulo A, Grohmann U, Pallotta MT. Class IA PI3Ks regulate subcellular and functional dynamics of IDO1. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49756. [PMID: 33159421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of a protein's spatial dynamics at the subcellular level is key to understanding its function(s), interactions, and associated intracellular events. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a cytosolic enzyme that controls immune responses via tryptophan metabolism, mainly through its enzymic activity. When phosphorylated, however, IDO1 acts as a signaling molecule in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thus activating genomic effects, ultimately leading to long-lasting immunosuppression. Whether the two activities-namely, the catalytic and signaling functions-are spatially segregated has been unclear. We found that, under conditions favoring signaling rather than catabolic events, IDO1 shifts from the cytosol to early endosomes. The event requires interaction with class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), which become activated, resulting in full expression of the immunoregulatory phenotype in vivo in pDCs as resulting from IDO1-dependent signaling events. Thus, IDO1's spatial dynamics meet the needs for short-acting as well as durable mechanisms of immune suppression, both under acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. These data expand the theoretical basis for an IDO1-centered therapy in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco A Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carine De Marcos Lousa
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Center for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ioana M Iamandii
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Judith Llena Sopena
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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4
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Gargaro M, Vacca C, Massari S, Scalisi G, Manni G, Mondanelli G, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Matino D, Iacono A, Panfili E, Proietti E, Iamandii IM, Cecchetti V, Puccetti P, Tabarrini O, Fallarino F, Grohmann U. Engagement of Nuclear Coactivator 7 by 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Enhances Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Immunoregulatory Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1973. [PMID: 31481962 PMCID: PMC6710348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation that produces several biologically active Trp metabolites. L-kynurenine (Kyn), the first byproduct by IDO1, promotes immunoregulatory effects via activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes. We here identified the nuclear coactivator 7 (NCOA7) as a molecular target of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), a Trp metabolite produced downstream of Kyn along the kynurenine pathway. In cells overexpressing NCOA7 and AhR, the presence of 3-HAA increased the association of the two molecules and enhanced Kyn-driven, AhR-dependent gene transcription. Physiologically, conventional (cDCs) but not plasmacytoid DCs or other immune cells expressed high levels of NCOA7. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with cDCs, the co-addition of Kyn and 3-HAA significantly increased the induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the production of immunosuppressive transforming growth factor β in an NCOA7-dependent fashion. Thus, the co-presence of NCOA7 and the Trp metabolite 3-HAA can selectively enhance the activation of ubiquitary AhR in cDCs and consequent immunoregulatory effects. Because NCOA7 is often overexpressed and/or mutated in tumor microenvironments, our current data may provide evidence for a new immune check-point mechanism based on Trp metabolism and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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5
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Orabona C, Mondanelli G, Pallotta MT, Carvalho A, Albini E, Fallarino F, Vacca C, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Berioli MG, Ceccarini G, Esposito SM, Scattoni R, Verrotti A, Ferretti A, De Giorgi G, Toni S, Cappa M, Matteoli MC, Bianchi R, Matino D, Iacono A, Puccetti M, Cunha C, Bicciato S, Antognelli C, Talesa VN, Chatenoud L, Fuchs D, Pilotte L, Van den Eynde B, Lemos MC, Romani L, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Deficiency of immunoregulatory indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1in juvenile diabetes. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96244. [PMID: 29563329 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A defect in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is responsible for immunoregulatory tryptophan catabolism, impairs development of immune tolerance to autoantigens in NOD mice, a model for human autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whether IDO1 function is also defective in T1D is still unknown. We investigated IDO1 function in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with T1D and matched controls. These children were further included in a discovery study to identify SNPs in IDO1 that might modify the risk of T1D. T1D in children was characterized by a remarkable defect in IDO1 function. A common haplotype, associated with dysfunctional IDO1, increased the risk of developing T1D in the discovery and also confirmation studies. In T1D patients sharing such a common IDO1 haplotype, incubation of PBMCs in vitro with tocilizumab (TCZ) - an IL-6 receptor blocker - would, however, rescue IDO1 activity. In an experimental setting with diabetic NOD mice, TCZ was found to restore normoglycemia via IDO1-dependent mechanisms. Thus, functional SNPs of IDO1 are associated with defective tryptophan catabolism in human T1D, and maneuvers aimed at restoring IDO1 function would be therapeutically effective in at least a subgroup of T1D pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria G Berioli
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceccarini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Mr Esposito
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scattoni
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni De Giorgi
- Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia Toni
- Juvenile Diabetes Center, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Matteoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- INSERM U1013, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luc Pilotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology and.,De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology and.,De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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6
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Grohmann U, Mondanelli G, Belladonna ML, Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Iacono A, Puccetti P, Volpi C. Amino-acid sensing and degrading pathways in immune regulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:37-45. [PMID: 28545736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) - belonging in the heme dioxygenase family and degrading tryptophan - are responsible for the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As such, they are expressed by a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species. In mammals, IDO1 has remarkably evolved to expand its functions, so to become a prominent homeostatic regulator, capable of modulating infection and immunity in multiple ways, including local tryptophan deprivation, production of biologically active tryptophan catabolites, and non-enzymatic cell-signaling activity. Much like IDO1, arginase 1 (Arg1) is an immunoregulatory enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of arginine. Here, we discuss the possible role of amino-acid degradation as related to the evolution of the immune systems and how the functions of those enzymes are linked by an entwined pathway selected by phylogenesis to meet the newly arising needs imposed by an evolving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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7
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Mondanelli G, Albini E, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Chatenoud L, Kuhn C, Fallarino F, Matino D, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Bicciato S, Boon L, Ricci G, Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Orabona C. The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Controls Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Breakdown and Restores Immune Regulation in Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:428. [PMID: 28450863 PMCID: PMC5390013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor approved for the therapy of multiple myeloma that also displays unique regulatory activities on immune cells. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan metabolizing enzyme exerting potent immunoregulatory effects when expressed in dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells capable of promoting either immunity or tolerance. We previously demonstrated that, in inflammatory conditions, IDO1 is subjected to proteasomal degradation in DCs, turning these cells from immunoregulatory to immunostimulatory. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an experimental model of autoimmune diabetes, we also identified an IDO1 defect such that the DCs do not develop tolerance toward pancreatic islet autoantigens. We found that BTZ rescues IDO1 protein expression in vitro in a particular subset of DCs, i.e., plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) from NOD mice. When administered in vivo to prediabetic mice, the drug prevented diabetes onset through IDO1- and pDC-dependent mechanisms. Although the drug showed no therapeutic activity when administered alone to overtly diabetic mice, its combination with otherwise suboptimal dosages of autoimmune-preventive anti-CD3 antibody resulted in disease reversal in 70% diabetic mice, a therapeutic effect similar to that afforded by full-dosage anti-CD3. Thus, our data indicate a potential for BTZ in the immunotherapy of autoimmune diabetes and further underline the importance of IDO1-mediated immune regulation in such disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- INSERM U1013, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesca Fallarino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ricci
- Animal Facility of the University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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8
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Albini E, Rosini V, Gargaro M, Mondanelli G, Belladonna ML, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A, Antognelli C, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Puccetti P, Grohmann U, Orabona C. Distinct roles of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motifs in immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:165-176. [PMID: 27696702 PMCID: PMC5192792 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the initial, rate‐limiting step in tryptophan (Trp) degradation, resulting in tryptophan starvation and the production of immunoregulatory kynurenines. IDO1's catalytic function has long been considered as the one mechanism responsible for IDO1‐dependent immune suppression by dendritic cells (DCs), which are master regulators of the balance between immunity and tolerance. However, IDO1 also harbours immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs, (ITIM1 and ITIM2), that, once phosphorylated, bind protein tyrosine phosphatases, (SHP‐1 and SHP‐2), and thus trigger an immunoregulatory signalling in DCs. This mechanism leads to sustained IDO1 expression, in a feedforward loop, which is particularly important in restraining autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Yet, under specific conditions requiring that early and protective inflammation be unrelieved, tyrosine‐phosphorylated ITIMs will instead bind the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), which drives IDO1 proteasomal degradation and shortens the enzyme half‐life. To dissect any differential roles of the two IDO1's ITIMs, we generated protein mutants by replacing one or both ITIM‐associated tyrosines with phospho‐mimicking glutamic acid residues. Although all mutants lost their enzymic activity, the ITIM1 – but not ITIM2 mutant – did bind SHPs and conferred immunosuppressive effects on DCs, making cells capable of restraining an antigen‐specific response in vivo. Conversely, the ITIM2 mutant would preferentially bind SOCS3, and IDO1's degradation was accelerated. Thus, it is the selective phosphorylation of either ITIM that controls the duration of IDO1 expression and function, in that it dictates whether enhanced tolerogenic signalling or shutdown of IDO1‐dependent events will occur in a local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Verdiana Rosini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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9
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Volpi C, Mondanelli G, Pallotta MT, Vacca C, Iacono A, Gargaro M, Albini E, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Celanire S, Mordant C, Heroux M, Royer-Urios I, Schneider M, Vitte PA, Cacquevel M, Galibert L, Poli SM, Solari A, Bicciato S, Calvitti M, Antognelli C, Puccetti P, Orabona C, Fallarino F, Grohmann U. Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 activates IDO1-dependent, immunoregulatory signaling in dendritic cells. Neuropharmacology 2015; 102:59-71. [PMID: 26522434 PMCID: PMC4720030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) possesses immune modulatory properties in vivo, such that a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the receptor confers protection on mice with relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE). ADX88178 is a newly-developed, one such mGluR4 modulator with high selectivity, potency, and optimized pharmacokinetics. Here we found that application of ADX88178 in the RR-EAE model system converted disease into a form of mild—yet chronic—neuroinflammation that remained stable for over two months after discontinuing drug treatment. In vitro, ADX88178 modulated the cytokine secretion profile of dendritic cells (DCs), increasing production of tolerogenic IL-10 and TGF-β. The in vitro effects required activation of a Gi-independent, alternative signaling pathway that involved phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Src kinase, and the signaling activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). A PI3K inhibitor as well as small interfering RNA targeting Ido1—but not pertussis toxin, which affects Gi protein-dependent responses—abrogated the tolerogenic effects of ADX88178-conditioned DCs in vivo. Thus our data indicate that, in DCs, highly selective and potent mGluR4 PAMs such as ADX88178 may activate a Gi-independent, long-lived regulatory pathway that could be therapeutically exploited in chronic autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. ADX88178, a selective mGluR4 PAM, exerts long-term therapeutic effects in RR-EAE. ADX88178 activates a noncanonical mGluR4 signaling in DCs. ADX88178 induces a tolerogenic functional phenotype in DCs via immunoregulatory IDO1. Highly selective mGluR4 PAMs may represent novel drugs in chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sylvain Celanire
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mordant
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Madeleine Heroux
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Royer-Urios
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Schneider
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Vitte
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Cacquevel
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Galibert
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia-Maria Poli
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Solari
- Department of Economics, Management, and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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10
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Bessede A, Gargaro M, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Servillo G, Brunacci C, Bicciato S, Mazza EMC, Macchiarulo A, Vacca C, Iannitti R, Tissi L, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Lanz TV, Platten M, Della Fazia MA, Piobbico D, Zelante T, Funakoshi H, Nakamura T, Gilot D, Denison MS, Guillemin GJ, DuHadaway JB, Prendergast GC, Metz R, Geffard M, Boon L, Pirro M, Iorio A, Veyret B, Romani L, Grohmann U, Fallarino F, Puccetti P. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway. Nature 2014; 511:184-90. [PMID: 24930766 DOI: 10.1038/nature13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease tolerance is the ability of the host to reduce the effect of infection on host fitness. Analysis of disease tolerance pathways could provide new approaches for treating infections and other inflammatory diseases. Typically, an initial exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a state of refractoriness to further LPS challenge (endotoxin tolerance). We found that a first exposure of mice to LPS activated the ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which provided an activating ligand to the former, to downregulate early inflammatory gene expression. However, on LPS rechallenge, AhR engaged in long-term regulation of systemic inflammation only in the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). AhR-complex-associated Src kinase activity promoted IDO1 phosphorylation and signalling ability. The resulting endotoxin-tolerant state was found to protect mice against immunopathology in Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections, pointing to a role for AhR in contributing to host fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Bessede
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2] IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France [3]
| | - Marco Gargaro
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2]
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Brunacci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Iannitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Tissi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Della Fazia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, 078-8510 Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Kringle Pharma Joint Research Division for Regenerative Drug Discovery, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - David Gilot
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 95616 California, USA
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, 2109 New South Wales, Australia
| | - James B DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, 19096 Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Richard Metz
- New Link Genetics Corporation, Ames, 50010 Iowa, USA
| | - Michel Geffard
- IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iorio
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bernard Veyret
- IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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11
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Volpi C, Fallarino F, Bianchi R, Orabona C, De Luca A, Vacca C, Romani L, Gran B, Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Belladonna ML. A GpC-rich oligonucleotide acts on plasmacytoid dendritic cells to promote immune suppression. J Immunol 2012; 189:2283-9. [PMID: 22844124 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Short synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) rich in CpG or GpG motifs have been considered as potential modulators of immunity in clinical settings. In this study, we show that a synthetic GpC-ODN conferred highly suppressive activity on mouse splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells, demonstrable in vivo in a skin test assay. The underlying mechanism involved signaling by noncanonical NF-κB family members and TGF-β-dependent expression of the immunoregulatory enzyme IDO. Unlike CpG-ODNs, the effects of GpC-ODN required TLR7/TRIF-mediated but not TLR9/MyD88-mediated events, as do sensing of viral ssRNA and the drug imiquimod. Induction of IDO by a GpC-containing ODN could also be demonstrated in human dendritic cells, allowing those cells to assist FOXP3+ T cell generation in vitro. Among potentially therapeutic ODNs, this study identifies GpC-rich sequences as novel activators of TLR7-mediated, IDO-dependent regulatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
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12
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Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Volpi C, Vacca C, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Servillo G, Brunacci C, Calvitti M, Bicciato S, Mazza EMC, Boon L, Grassi F, Fioretti MC, Fallarino F, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a signaling protein in long-term tolerance by dendritic cells. Nat Immunol 2011; 12:870-8. [PMID: 21804557 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of tryptophan metabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in dendritic cells (DCs) is a highly versatile modulator of immunity. In inflammation, interferon-γ is the main inducer of IDO for the prevention of hyperinflammatory responses, yet IDO is also responsible for self-tolerance effects in the longer term. Here we show that treatment of mouse plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) conferred regulatory effects on IDO that were mechanistically separable from its enzymic activity. We found that IDO was involved in intracellular signaling events responsible for the self-amplification and maintenance of a stably regulatory phenotype in pDCs. Thus, IDO has a tonic, nonenzymic function that contributes to TGF-β-driven tolerance in noninflammatory contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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13
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Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Boon L, Gizzi S, Fioretti MC, Grohmann U, Puccetti P. Cutting edge: Autocrine TGF-beta sustains default tolerogenesis by IDO-competent dendritic cells. J Immunol 2008; 181:5194-8. [PMID: 18832670 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CD8(-) and CD8(+) dendritic cells (DCs) are distinct subsets of mouse splenic accessory cells with opposite but flexible programs of Ag presentation, leading to immunogenic and tolerogenic responses, respectively. In this study, we show that the default tolerogenic function of CD8(+) DCs relies on autocrine TGF-beta, which sustains the activation of IDO in response to environmental stimuli. CD8(-) DCs do not produce TGF-beta, yet externally added TGF-beta induces IDO and turns those cells from immunogenic into tolerogenic cells. The acquisition of a suppressive phenotype by CD8(-) DCs correlates with activation of the PI3K/Akt and noncanonical NF-kappaB pathways. These data are the first to link TGF-beta signaling with IDO in controlling spontaneous tolerogenesis by DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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14
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Zelante T, De Luca A, Bonifazi P, Montagnoli C, Bozza S, Moretti S, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Conte C, Mosci P, Bistoni F, Puccetti P, Kastelein RA, Kopf M, Romani L. IL-23 and the Th17 pathway promote inflammation and impair antifungal immune resistance. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:2695-706. [PMID: 17899546 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although inflammation is an essential component of the protective response to fungi, its dysregulation may significantly worsen fungal diseases. We found here that the IL-23/IL-17 developmental pathway acted as a negative regulator of the Th1-mediated immune resistance to fungi and played an inflammatory role previously attributed to uncontrolled Th1 cell responses. Both inflammation and infection were exacerbated by a heightened Th17 response against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, two major human fungal pathogens. IL-23 acted as a molecular connection between uncontrolled fungal growth and inflammation, being produced by dendritic cells in response to a high fungal burden and counter-regulating IL-12p70 production. Both IL-23 and IL-17 subverted the inflammatory program of neutrophils, which resulted in severe tissue inflammatory pathology associated with infection. Our data are the first demonstrating that the IL-23/IL-17 pathway promotes inflammation and susceptibility in an infectious disease model. As IL-23-driven inflammation promotes infection and impairs antifungal resistance, modulation of the inflammatory response represents a potential strategy to stimulate protective immune responses to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Grohmann U, Volpi C, Fallarino F, Bozza S, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Ayroldi E, Nocentini G, Boon L, Bistoni F, Fioretti MC, Romani L, Riccardi C, Puccetti P. Reverse signaling through GITR ligand enables dexamethasone to activate IDO in allergy. Nat Med 2007; 13:579-86. [PMID: 17417651 DOI: 10.1038/nm1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) on T cells and its natural ligand, GITRL, on accessory cells contribute to the control of immune homeostasis. Here we show that reverse signaling through GITRL after engagement by soluble GITR initiates the immunoregulatory pathway of tryptophan catabolism in mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells, by means of noncanonical NF-kappaB-dependent induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). The synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone administered in vivo activated IDO through the symmetric induction of GITR in CD4(+) T cells and GITRL in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The drug exerted IDO-dependent protection in a model of allergic airway inflammation. Modulation of tryptophan catabolism via the GITR-GITRL coreceptor system might represent an effective therapeutic target in immune regulation. Induction of IDO could be an important mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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16
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Fallarino F, Grohmann U, You S, McGrath BC, Cavener DR, Vacca C, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Tryptophan catabolism generates autoimmune-preventive regulatory T cells. Transpl Immunol 2006; 17:58-60. [PMID: 17157218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is a tolerogenic effector system in regulatory T cell function, yet the general mechanisms whereby tryptophan catabolism affects T cell responses remain unclear. We provide evidence that its effects include the emergence of a regulatory phenotype in naive CD4(+)CD25(-) cells via the general control non-depressing 2 (GCN2) protein kinase mediated induction of the forkhead transcription factor Foxp3. These cells are capable of effective control of diabetogenic T cells in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Immune Tolerance
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Immunological
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Tryptophan/immunology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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17
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Hu J, Yuan X, Belladonna ML, Ong JM, Wachsmann-Hogiu S, Farkas DL, Black KL, Yu JS. Induction of potent antitumor immunity by intratumoral injection of interleukin 23-transduced dendritic cells. Cancer Res 2006; 66:8887-96. [PMID: 16951206 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in priming immune responses to tumor. Interleukin (IL)-23 can act directly on DC to promote immunogenic presentation of tumor peptide in vitro. Here, we evaluated the combination of bone marrow-derived DC and IL-23 on the induction of antitumor immunity in a mouse intracranial glioma model. DCs can be transduced by an adenoviral vector coding single-chain mouse IL-23 to express high levels of bioactive IL-23. Intratumoral implantation of IL-23-expressing DCs produced a protective effect on intracranial tumor-bearing mice. The mice consequently gained systemic immunity against the same tumor rechallenge. The protective effect of IL-23-expressing DCs was comparable with or even better than that of IL-12-expressing DCs. IL-23-transduced DC (DC-IL-23) treatment resulted in robust intratumoral CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell infiltration and induced a specific TH1-type response to the tumor in regional lymph nodes and spleen at levels greater than those of nontransduced DCs. Moreover, splenocytes from animals treated with DC-IL-23 showed heightened levels of specific CTL activity. In vivo lymphocyte depletion experiments showed that the antitumor immunity induced by DC-IL-23 was mainly dependent on CD8(+) T cells and that CD4(+) T cells and natural killer cells were also involved. In summary, i.t. injection of DC-IL-23 resulted in significant and effective systemic antitumor immunity in intracranial tumor-bearing mice. These findings suggest a new approach to induce potent tumor-specific immunity to intracranial tumors. This approach may have therapeutic potential for treating human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Hu
- Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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18
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Fallarino F, Grohmann U, You S, McGrath BC, Cavener DR, Vacca C, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Santamaria P, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. The combined effects of tryptophan starvation and tryptophan catabolites down-regulate T cell receptor zeta-chain and induce a regulatory phenotype in naive T cells. J Immunol 2006; 176:6752-61. [PMID: 16709834 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 787] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism is a tolerogenic effector system in regulatory T cell function, yet the general mechanisms whereby tryptophan catabolism affects T cell responses remain unclear. We provide evidence that the short-term, combined effects of tryptophan deprivation and tryptophan catabolites result in GCN2 kinase-dependent down-regulation of the TCR zeta-chain in murine CD8+ T cells. TCR zeta down-regulation can be demonstrated in vivo and is associated with an impaired cytotoxic effector function in vitro. The longer-term effects of tryptophan catabolism include the emergence of a regulatory phenotype in naive CD4+CD25- T cells via TGF-beta induction of the forkhead transcription factor Foxp3. Such converted cells appear to be CD25+, CD69-, CD45RBlow, CD62L+, CTLA-4+, BTLAlow and GITR+, and are capable of effective control of diabetogenic T cells when transferred in vivo. Thus, both tryptophan starvation and tryptophan catabolites contribute to establishing a regulatory environment affecting CD8+ as well as CD4+ T cell function, and not only is tryptophan catabolism an effector mechanism of tolerance, but it also results in GCN2-dependent generation of autoimmune-preventive regulatory T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Kynurenine/pharmacology
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protein Kinases/physiology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan/physiology
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19
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Belladonna ML, Grohmann U, Guidetti P, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Fioretti MC, Schwarcz R, Fallarino F, Puccetti P. Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes in Dendritic Cells Initiate Tolerogenesis in the Absence of Functional IDO. J Immunol 2006; 177:130-7. [PMID: 16785507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) tryptophan catabolism has emerged in recent years as a major mechanism of peripheral tolerance. However, there are features of this mechanism, initiated by IDO, that are still unclear, including the role of enzymes that are downstream of IDO in the kynurenine pathway and the role of the associated production of kynurenines. In this study, we provide evidence that 1) murine DCs express all enzymes necessary for synthesis of the downstream product of tryptophan breakdown, quinolinate; 2) IFN-gamma enhances transcriptional expression of all of these enzymes, although posttranslational inactivation of IDO may prevent metabolic steps that are subsequent and consequent to IDO; 3) overcoming the IDO-dependent blockade by provision of a downstream quinolinate precursor activates the pathway and leads to the onset of suppressive properties; and 4) tolerogenic DCs can confer suppressive ability on otherwise immunogenic DCs across a Transwell in an IDO-dependent fashion. Altogether, these data indicate that kynurenine pathway enzymes downstream of IDO can initiate tolerogenesis by DCs independently of tryptophan deprivation. The paracrine production of kynurenines might be one mechanism used by IDO-competent cells to convert DCs lacking functional IDO to a tolerogenic phenotype within an IFN-gamma-rich environment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD8 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Membrane Permeability/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/enzymology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/transplantation
- Female
- Gene Silencing
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/deficiency
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/physiology
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Kynurenine/biosynthesis
- Kynurenine/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Paracrine Communication/genetics
- Paracrine Communication/immunology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Small Interfering/physiology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/metabolism
- Tryptophan/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, Perugia 06126, Italy
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20
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Yuan X, Hu J, Belladonna ML, Black KL, Yu JS. Interleukin-23-expressing bone marrow-derived neural stem-like cells exhibit antitumor activity against intracranial glioma. Cancer Res 2006; 66:2630-8. [PMID: 16510582 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor-like cells have been isolated from bone marrow and the cells have the ability of tracking intracranial tumor. However, the capacity of the cells to deliver molecules for activating immune response against intracranial tumor and the identity of cellular and molecular factors that are involved in such immune responses have yet to be elucidated. Here, we isolated neural stem-like cells from the bone marrow of adult mice. The isolated cells were capable of producing progenies of three lineages, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in vitro and tracking glioma in vivo. By genetically manipulating bone marrow-derived neural stem-like cells (BM-NSC) to express a recently discovered cytokine, interleukin (IL)-23, the cells showed protective effects in intracranial tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Depletion of subpopulation lymphocytes showed that CD8(+) T cells were critical for the antitumor immunity of IL-23-expressing BM-NSCs and that CD4(+) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells participated in the activity. Furthermore, the IL-23-expressing BM-NSC-treated survivors were resistant to the same tumor rechallenge associated with enhanced IFN-gamma, but not IL-17, expression in the brain tissue. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-23-expressing BM-NSCs can effectively induce antitumor immunity against intracranial gliomas. CD8(+) T cells are critical for such antitumor activity; in addition, CD4(+) T cells and NK cells are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Yuan
- Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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21
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Fallarino F, Bianchi R, Orabona C, Vacca C, Belladonna ML, Fioretti MC, Serreze DV, Grohmann U, Puccetti P. CTLA-4-Ig activates forkhead transcription factors and protects dendritic cells from oxidative stress in nonobese diabetic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:1051-62. [PMID: 15492127 PMCID: PMC2211844 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prediabetes and diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice have been targeted by a variety of immunotherapies, including the use of a soluble form of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and interferon (IFN)-gamma. The cytokine, however, fails to activate tolerogenic properties in dendritic cells (DCs) from highly susceptible female mice early in prediabetes. The defect is characterized by impaired induction of immunosuppressive tryptophan catabolism, is related to transient blockade of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 pathway of intracellular signaling by IFN-gamma, and is caused by peroxynitrite production. Here, we show that soluble CTLA-4 imparts suppressive properties to DCs from early prediabetic NOD female mice through mechanisms that rely on autocrine signaling by IFN-gamma. Although phosphorylation of STAT1 in response to IFN-gamma is compromised in those mice, CTLA-4 obviates the defect. IFN-gamma-driven expression of tryptophan catabolism by CTLA-4-immunoglobulin is made possible through the concomitant activation of the Forkhead Box class O (FOXO) transcription factor FOXO3a, induction of the superoxide dismutase gene, and prevention of peroxynitrite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
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22
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Puccetti P, Belladonna ML, Grohmann U. Effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on antigen-presenting cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Crit Rev Immunol 2003; 22:373-90. [PMID: 12803317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence from different experimental systems has demonstrated that autocrine activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) may be important at the initiation of an immune response, and that a specific set of cytokines may meet the dual needs of activating APCs and priming and/or maintaining the antigen-specific T-cell response. Composite factors with p40, including IL-12 (p40/p35) and IL-23 (p40/p19), may be two such immunoregulatory cytokines, their effects encompassing actions on both myeloid APCs and T cells. However, although both cytokines enhance the Th1 costimulatory functions of APCs, and IL-23 does induce IL-12 from APCs, their effects, which in part overlap, can be differentiated from one another. This review summarizes recent data on the actions of IL-12 and IL-23 on dendritic cells and macrophages at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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23
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Grohmann U, Orabona C, Fallarino F, Vacca C, Calcinaro F, Falorni A, Candeloro P, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. CTLA-4-Ig regulates tryptophan catabolism in vivo. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:1097-101. [PMID: 12368911 DOI: 10.1038/ni846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 866] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2002] [Accepted: 09/06/2002] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) plays a critical role in peripheral tolerance. However, regulatory pathways initiated by the interactions of CTLA-4 with B7 counterligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells are not completely understood. We show here that long-term survival of pancreatic islet allografts induced by the soluble fusion protein CTLA-4-immunoglobulin (CTLA-4-Ig) is contingent upon effective tryptophan catabolism in the host. In vitro, we show that CTLA-4-Ig regulates cytokine-dependent tryptophan catabolism in B7-expressing dendritic cells. These data suggest that modulation of tryptophan catabolism is a means by which CTLA-4 functions in vivo and that CTLA-4 acts as a ligand for B7 receptor molecules that transduce intracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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24
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Fallarino F, Vacca C, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Marshall B, Keskin DB, Mellor AL, Fioretti MC, Grohmann U, Puccetti P. Functional expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by murine CD8 alpha(+) dendritic cells. Int Immunol 2002; 14:65-8. [PMID: 11751753 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/14.1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory antigen-presenting cells (APC) play an important role in maintaining T cell homeostasis and self-tolerance. In particular, recent evidence demonstrates a role for inhibition of T cell proliferation by macrophage tryptophan catabolism involving the activity of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Dendritic cells (DC) have also been shown to exert immunoregulatory effects mediated by tryptophan catabolism and to cause T cell apoptosis. In the present study, we have comparatively analyzed the expression of IDO activity by murine macrophages and splenic DC. By means of PCR, Western blotting and measurements of enzyme functional activity, we obtained evidence that, different from macrophages, DC constitutively express IDO. Following activation by IFN-gamma, the latter cells, in particular the CD8 alpha(+) subset, exhibit high functional activity and, unlike macrophages, mediate apoptosis of T(h) cells in vitro. Therefore, in the mouse, CD8 alpha(+) DC may be unique APC capable of fully expressing the IDO mechanism functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, Perugia 06122, Italy
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25
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Grohmann U, Fallarino F, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Orabona C, Uyttenhove C, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-6 inhibits the tolerogenic function of CD8 alpha+ dendritic cells expressing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. J Immunol 2001; 167:708-14. [PMID: 11441074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The outcome of dendritic cell (DC) presentation of tumor and/or self peptides, including P815AB (a tumor peptide of murine mastocytoma cells) and NRP-A7 (a synthetic peptide mimotope recognized by diabetogenic T cells), may depend on a balance between the activities of immunogenic (CD8alpha(-)) and tolerogenic (CD8alpha(+)) DC. By virtue of their respective actions on CD8(-) and CD8(+) DC, IL-12 and IFN-gamma have functionally opposing effects on peptide presentation by the CD8(-) DC subset, and IFN-gamma-activated CD8(+) DC mediate tolerogenic effects that prevail over the adjuvant activity of IL-12 on CD8(-) DC. We have previously shown that CD40 ligation abrogates the tolerogenic potential of CD8(+) DC, an effect associated with an impaired capacity of the CD40-modulated and IFN-gamma-treated DC to degrade tryptophan and initiate T cell apoptosis in vitro. We report here that IL-6 may both replace (upon administration of the recombinant cytokine) and mediate (as assessed by the use of neutralizing Abs) the effect of CD40 ligation in ablating the tolerogenic activity of CD8(+) DC. The activity of IL-6 includes down-regulation of IFN-gammaR expression in the CD8(+) DC subset and correlates to a reduced ability of these cells to metabolize tryptophan and initiate T cell apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, I-06122 Perugia, Italy
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26
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Grohmann U, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Bianchi R, Fallarino F, Orabona C, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Positive regulatory role of IL-12 in macrophages and modulation by IFN-gamma. J Immunol 2001; 167:221-7. [PMID: 11418652 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Similar to myeloid dendritic cells, murine macrophages and macrophage cell lines were found to express a surface receptor for IL-12. As a result, peritoneal macrophages could be primed by IL-12 to present an otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide in vivo. Using binding analysis and RNase protection assay, we detected a single class of high affinity IL-12 binding sites (K(d) of approximately 35 pM) whose number per cell was increased by IFN-gamma via up-regulation of receptor subunit expression. Autocrine production of IL-12 was suggested to be a major effect of IL-12 on macrophages when the cytokine was tested alone or after priming with IFN-gamma in vitro. In vivo, combined treatment of macrophages with IFN-gamma and IL-12 resulted in synergistic effects on tumor peptide presentation. Therefore, our findings suggest a general and critical role of IL-12 in potentiating the accessory function of myeloid APC.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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27
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Grohmann U, Fallarino F, Silla S, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Micheletti A, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. CD40 ligation ablates the tolerogenic potential of lymphoid dendritic cells. J Immunol 2001; 166:277-83. [PMID: 11123303 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of dendritic cell (DC) presentation of P815AB, a tolerogenic tumor/self peptide, depends on a balance between the respective immunogenic and tolerogenic properties of myeloid (CD8 alpha(-)) and lymphoid (CD8 alpha(+)) DC. We have previously shown that CD8(-) DC can be primed by IL-12 to overcome inhibition by the CD8(+) subset and initiate immunogenic presentation in vivo when the two types of peptide-pulsed DC are cotransferred into recipient hosts. IFN-gamma enhances the inhibitory activity of CD8(+) DC on Ag presentation by the other subset, blocking the ability of IL-12-treated CD8(-) DC to overcome suppression. We report here that CD40 ligation on lymphoid DC ablated their inhibitory function on Ag presentation as well as IFN-gamma potentiation of the effect. CD40 modulation of IFN-gamma action on lymphoid DC involved a reduction in IFN-gamma R expression and tryptophan-degrading ability. This effect was accompanied in vitro by an impaired capacity of the CD40-modulated and IFN-gamma-treated DC to initiate T cell apoptosis. In vivo, not only did CD40 triggering on lymphoid DC abrogate their tolerogenic activity, but it also induced the potential for immunogenic presentation of P815AB. Importantly, a pattern similar to P815AB as well as CD40 modulation of lymphoid DC function were observed on testing reactivity to NRP, a synthetic peptide mimotope recognized by diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells in nonobese diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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28
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Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Silla S, Fallarino F, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IFN-gamma inhibits presentation of a tumor/self peptide by CD8 alpha- dendritic cells via potentiation of the CD8 alpha+ subset. J Immunol 2000; 165:1357-63. [PMID: 10903738 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.3.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using an in vivo model of tumor/self peptide presentation for induction of class I-restricted skin test reactivity, we have previously shown that a minority population of CD8+ dendritic cells (DC) negatively regulates the induction of T cell reactivity by peptide-loaded CD8- DC in DBA/2 mice. However, the CD8- fraction can be primed by IL-12 to overcome inhibition by the CD8+ subset when the two types of DC are cotransferred into recipient hosts. We report here that exposure of CD8+ DC to IFN-gamma greatly enhances their inhibitory activity on Ag presentation by the other subset, blocking the ability of IL-12-treated CD8- DC to overcome suppression. In contrast, IFN-gamma has no direct effects on the APC function of the latter cells and does not interfere with IL-12 signaling. The negative regulatory effect triggered by IFN-gamma in CD8+ DC appears to involve interference with tryptophan metabolism in vivo. Through tryptophan depletion affecting T cell responses, IFN-gamma acting on CD8+ DC may thus contribute to regulation of immunity to tumor/self peptides presented by the CD8- subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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29
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Grohmann U, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-12 induces SDS-stable class II alphabeta dimers in murine dendritic cells. Cytokine 2000; 12:401-4. [PMID: 10805223 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1999.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of rIL-12 on the expression of class II molecules and on the ratio between SDS-stable and unstable alphabeta dimers in dendritic cells. We found that in vitro exposure of the cells to IL-12 increased their surface expression of mature class II molecules, despite a marked decline in class II biosynthesis. This effect was accompanied by a striking increase in the overall proportion of SDS-stable heterodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
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30
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Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Silla S, Ayroldi E, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-12 acts selectively on CD8 alpha- dendritic cells to enhance presentation of a tumor peptide in vivo. J Immunol 1999; 163:3100-5. [PMID: 10477575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that a significant proportion of murine splenic dendritic cells (DC) express a high affinity receptor for IL-12, thus accounting for the adjuvanticity of the cytokine when DBA/2 mice are transferred with syngeneic DC exposed in vitro to rIL-12 and an otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide. In DBA/2 mice, splenic DC consist of 90-95% CD8- and 5-10% CD8+ cells. To detect any difference in IL-12 responsiveness among phenotypically distinct DC subtypes, enriched CD8- (>99% pure) and CD8+ ( approximately 80% pure) populations of DC from DBA/2 spleens were assayed for APC function in vivo following exposure to rIL-12 and tumor peptide in vitro. Unlike unfractionated DC, the CD8- fraction was capable of effective presentation of the peptide even when the cells had not been pretreated with IL-12 before peptide pulsing. The addition of as few as 3% CD8+ cells during pulsing blocked in vivo priming by the CD8- fraction. However, pretreatment of CD8- DC with IL-12 before cell mixing and peptide pulsing ablated the inhibitory effect of the CD8+ fraction. CD8-, but not CD8+, DC showed significant message expression for the beta 1 and beta 2 subunits of the IL-12 receptor. These data suggest that a minority population of CD8+ DC, which appeared to secrete IL-10 in vitro, negatively regulates the induction of T cell reactivity by peptide-loaded CD8- DC in DBA/2 mice. However, the CD8- fraction can be primed by IL-12 to overcome the inhibitory effect of the CD8+ subtype.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Clonal Anergy/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/prevention & control
- Immunization
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-12
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Silla S, Ayroldi E, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-12 Acts Selectively on CD8α− Dendritic Cells to Enhance Presentation of a Tumor Peptide In Vivo. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous work has shown that a significant proportion of murine splenic dendritic cells (DC) express a high affinity receptor for IL-12, thus accounting for the adjuvanticity of the cytokine when DBA/2 mice are transferred with syngeneic DC exposed in vitro to rIL-12 and an otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide. In DBA/2 mice, splenic DC consist of 90–95% CD8− and 5–10% CD8+ cells. To detect any difference in IL-12 responsiveness among phenotypically distinct DC subtypes, enriched CD8− (>99% pure) and CD8+ (∼80% pure) populations of DC from DBA/2 spleens were assayed for APC function in vivo following exposure to rIL-12 and tumor peptide in vitro. Unlike unfractionated DC, the CD8− fraction was capable of effective presentation of the peptide even when the cells had not been pretreated with IL-12 before peptide pulsing. The addition of as few as 3% CD8+ cells during pulsing blocked in vivo priming by the CD8− fraction. However, pretreatment of CD8− DC with IL-12 before cell mixing and peptide pulsing ablated the inhibitory effect of the CD8+ fraction. CD8−, but not CD8+, DC showed significant message expression for the β1 and β2 subunits of the IL-12 receptor. These data suggest that a minority population of CD8+ DC, which appeared to secrete IL-10 in vitro, negatively regulates the induction of T cell reactivity by peptide-loaded CD8− DC in DBA/2 mice. However, the CD8− fraction can be primed by IL-12 to overcome the inhibitory effect of the CD8+ subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emira Ayroldi
- †Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Bianchi R, Grohmann U, Vacca C, Belladonna ML, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Autocrine IL-12 is involved in dendritic cell modulation via CD40 ligation. J Immunol 1999; 163:2517-21. [PMID: 10452988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells (DC) triggers production of IL-12. Using an adoptive transfer model we have previously shown that rIL-12 acts directly on DC to enhance presentation of an otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide. Using the same experimental model, we now describe a similar adjuvanticity of CD40 ligation on peptide presentation by DC. We also explore the possibility that the IL-12 resulting from CD40 ligation directly affects the APC function of DC, mediating or contributing to the adjuvant effect of CD40 ligation. CD40 engagement in vitro and rIL-12 at concentrations in the range induced by CD40 ligation were equally effective in priming DC for presentation of the tumor peptide in vivo. Remarkably, the copresence in vitro of neutralizing Ab to IL-12, but not to TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IFN-gamma, ablated the enhancing effect of CD40 engagement on the APC function of DC. These data suggest a major role for autocrine IL-12 in DC modulation via CD40 ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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33
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Bianchi R, Grohmann U, Vacca C, Belladonna ML, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Autocrine IL-12 Is Involved in Dendritic Cell Modulation Via CD40 Ligation. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.5.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells (DC) triggers production of IL-12. Using an adoptive transfer model we have previously shown that rIL-12 acts directly on DC to enhance presentation of an otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide. Using the same experimental model, we now describe a similar adjuvanticity of CD40 ligation on peptide presentation by DC. We also explore the possibility that the IL-12 resulting from CD40 ligation directly affects the APC function of DC, mediating or contributing to the adjuvant effect of CD40 ligation. CD40 engagement in vitro and rIL-12 at concentrations in the range induced by CD40 ligation were equally effective in priming DC for presentation of the tumor peptide in vivo. Remarkably, the copresence in vitro of neutralizing Ab to IL-12, but not to TNF-α, IL-1β, or IFN-γ, ablated the enhancing effect of CD40 engagement on the APC function of DC. These data suggest a major role for autocrine IL-12 in DC modulation via CD40 ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maria C. Fioretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Orabona C, Ayroldi E, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-12 acts directly on DC to promote nuclear localization of NF-kappaB and primes DC for IL-12 production. Immunity 1998; 9:315-23. [PMID: 9768751 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the expression of an IL-12 receptor by fresh dendritic cells (DC) and a DC line. Using RT-PCR, RNAse protection, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis, we found that DC possess an IL-12 receptor with beta1 subunit (downstream box 1)-related differences from that on T cells. IL-12 signaling through this receptor involved members of the NF-KB but not STAT family. The unique properties of the IL-12 receptor on DC, characterized by a single class of binding sites with a Kd of about 325 pM, may underlie rather unique effects, such as IFNgamma-independent augmentation of class II antigen expression and priming for LPS-induced production of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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35
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Belladonna ML, Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Ayroldi E, Surace D, Puccetti P, Fioretti MC. The role of IL-12 in the induction of an immune response to a tumor/self peptide: prevention and reversion of anergy. J Chemother 1998; 10:157-9. [PMID: 9603645 DOI: 10.1179/joc.1998.10.2.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
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36
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Grohmann U, Fioretti MC, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Ayroldi E, Surace D, Silla S, Puccetti P. Dendritic cells, interleukin 12, and CD4+ lymphocytes in the initiation of class I-restricted reactivity to a tumor/self peptide. Crit Rev Immunol 1998; 18:87-98. [PMID: 9419451 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v18.i1-2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity involving CD8+ lymphocytes is effective in mediating rejection of murine mastocytoma cells bearing P815AB, a tumor-associated and self antigen showing similarity to tumor-specific shared antigens in humans. Although this antigen may act as an efficient target for class I-restricted responses in immunized mice, neither P815AB expressed on tumor cells nor a related synthetic nonapeptide will activate unprimed CD8+ cells for in vivo reactivity, measured by skin test assay. We review evidence showing that the failure of P815AB to initiate CD8+ cell reactivity may be due to defective recruitment of accessory and Th1-like cells to the afferent phase of the response initiated by transfer of mice with dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with the P815AB peptide. Although the copresence of a T helper peptide in dendritic cell priming in vitro with P815AB may compensate for the poor generation of accessory and Th1 cells in the adoptively transferred mice, recombinant IL-12 can replace the helper peptide in both effects. Effective priming to P815AB in vivo is achieved by either exposing dendritic cells to IL-12 prior to P815AB priming or administering the recombinant cytokine in vivo. Different approaches suggest that IL-12 may act both on accessory cells to improve presentation of previously undescribed class II-restricted epitopes of P815AB and on CD4+ cells to improve recognition of such epitopes. In particular, at the CD4+ cell level, IL-12 apparently acts as an adjuvant and an inhibitor of anergy induction. These data offer useful information for developing vaccination strategies using dendritic cells and class I-restricted tumor peptides in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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37
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Grohmann U, Silla S, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Orabona C, Puccetti P, Fioretti MC. Circulating levels of IL-10 are critically related to growth and rejection patterns of murine mastocytoma cells. Cell Immunol 1997; 181:109-19. [PMID: 9398398 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1997.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previously tumorigenic P815 tumor cells are rejected by histocompatible mice after transfection with a mutated retroviral gene, and the host is made resistant to subsequent challenge with tumorigenic (control) cells transfected with the nonmutated sequence. To functionally characterize the class I-restricted response to the tumor cell vaccine, we have assessed the in vitro (by CD8+ cells) and in vivo production of type 1 or type 2 cytokines in mice injected with either type of transfected P815 derivative. IL-12 and IL-10 were selectively or preferentially expressed by the regressor mice, and this correlated with the detection of functional type 1 reactivity in vivo (i.e., delayed-type hypersensitivity). Other cytokines were produced by the regressor mice only in vitro (IFN-gamma) or were not detected at all with either type of tumor recipient (IL-4). By means of monoclonal antibody-mediated neutralization or enhancement of endogenous cytokine levels, IL-10 was found to serve an important role in the growth and rejection patterns of the transfected P815 derivatives. In addition to previous evidence for an IL-12 requirement in promoting anti-P815 reactivity, these data establish IL-10 as an important cytokine in permitting optimal expression of this reactivity, which apparently develops in the absence of a strong bias toward a type 1 or type 2 cytokine response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Differentiation
- Crosses, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Graft Survival/radiation effects
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Immunologic Memory
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin-10/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/blood
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Interleukin-12/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-12/blood
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-4/analysis
- Male
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/pharmacology
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy.
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38
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Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Ayroldi E, Belladonna ML, Surace D, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. A tumor-associated and self antigen peptide presented by dendritic cells may induce T cell anergy in vivo, but IL-12 can prevent or revert the anergic state. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.8.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Ag-specific CD8+ cell responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo and IFN-gamma production in vitro, are initiated by host immunization with P815AB, a self peptide bearing CTL epitopes and expressed by murine mastocytoma cells. Using P815AB-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) and monitoring class I-restricted skin test reactivity in DC-primed mice, we have previously shown that the development of a Th1-like response to P815AB requires T helper effects, such as those mediated by coimmunization with class II-restricted (helper) peptides or by the use of rIL-12. The adjuvanticity of IL-12 was suggested to involve improved recognition of class II-restricted epitopes of P815AB. In the present study, we provide evidence for the occurrence of I-A(d)-restricted epitopes in the tumor peptide. We also show that in the absence of helper peptide or rIL-12, P81 5AB not only failed to initiate CD8+ cell responses in vivo and in vitro, but resulted in a transient state of functional unresponsiveness, characterized by a profound inability of CD4+ cells to produce IL-2 in vitro. Ag-specific T cell anergy was also observed after neutralization of endogenous IL-12 at the time of priming with P815AB plus helper peptide. All of these effects were reversed by rIL-12, which was added to DC cultures and administered to the DC-recipient mice. Anergy induction may thus contribute to P81 5AB unresponsiveness in vivo. IL-12 may act to prevent or revert anergy to this tumor-associated and self peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - R Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - E Ayroldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - D Surace
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M C Fioretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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39
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Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Ayroldi E, Belladonna ML, Surace D, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. A tumor-associated and self antigen peptide presented by dendritic cells may induce T cell anergy in vivo, but IL-12 can prevent or revert the anergic state. J Immunol 1997; 158:3593-602. [PMID: 9103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ag-specific CD8+ cell responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo and IFN-gamma production in vitro, are initiated by host immunization with P815AB, a self peptide bearing CTL epitopes and expressed by murine mastocytoma cells. Using P815AB-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) and monitoring class I-restricted skin test reactivity in DC-primed mice, we have previously shown that the development of a Th1-like response to P815AB requires T helper effects, such as those mediated by coimmunization with class II-restricted (helper) peptides or by the use of rIL-12. The adjuvanticity of IL-12 was suggested to involve improved recognition of class II-restricted epitopes of P815AB. In the present study, we provide evidence for the occurrence of I-A(d)-restricted epitopes in the tumor peptide. We also show that in the absence of helper peptide or rIL-12, P81 5AB not only failed to initiate CD8+ cell responses in vivo and in vitro, but resulted in a transient state of functional unresponsiveness, characterized by a profound inability of CD4+ cells to produce IL-2 in vitro. Ag-specific T cell anergy was also observed after neutralization of endogenous IL-12 at the time of priming with P815AB plus helper peptide. All of these effects were reversed by rIL-12, which was added to DC cultures and administered to the DC-recipient mice. Anergy induction may thus contribute to P81 5AB unresponsiveness in vivo. IL-12 may act to prevent or revert anergy to this tumor-associated and self peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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40
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Grohmann U, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Silla S, Surace D, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Dendritic cells and interleukin 12 as adjuvants for tumor-specific vaccines. Adv Exp Med Biol 1997; 417:579-82. [PMID: 9286421 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9966-8_93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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41
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Belladonna ML, Fioretti MC, Bianchi R, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. A retroviral peptide encoded by mutated env p15E gene is recognized by specific CD8+ T lymphocytes on drug-treated murine mastocytoma P815. Int J Immunopharmacol 1996; 18:563-76. [PMID: 9080250 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(96)00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly immunogenic ("xenogenized") tumour variants appear after treatment of murine mastocytoma P815 with the triazene derivative DTIC, a phenomenon associated with the appearance of structurally abnormal p15E env proteins in the variant cells. In the present study, we have isolated and sequenced several p15E cDNA gene fragments amplified by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from parental (P815) and xenogenized (P815/DTIC) tumour cells. Compared to known p15E sequences in parental cells, one p15E sequence from xenogenized cells presented three distinct nucleotide changes, one of which was apparently unique to P815/DTIC DNA and cDNA upon single-nucleotide primer extension assay. One major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-binding peptide, corresponding to a putative mutation in the p15E sequence, was tested in parallel with the parental peptide for recognition by P815/DTIC-specific cytotoxic T cells in vitro. The results suggested that the amino acid substitution at the relevant position of the p15E protein may produce an antigenic T cell epitope. By skin test assay of mice primed with either the synthetic peptide or P815/DTIC cells, evidence was obtained that the mutated peptide is immunogenic in vivo, and that the neoepitope is expressed by P815/DTIC cells. In accordance with previous data in the L5178Y/DTIC tumour model system, these findings reinforce the notion that xenogenization of tumour cells may result in the expression of class I-binding mutated peptides of retroviral origin.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Dacarbazine/pharmacology
- Female
- Genes, env
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/chemically induced
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Male
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/drug therapy
- Mast-Cell Sarcoma/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins
- Point Mutation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Retroviridae Proteins/genetics
- Retroviridae Proteins/immunology
- Retroviridae Proteins/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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42
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Bianchi R, Grohmann U, Belladonna ML, Silla S, Fallarino F, Ayroldi E, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-12 is both required and sufficient for initiating T cell reactivity to a class I-restricted tumor peptide (P815AB) following transfer of P815AB-pulsed dendritic cells. J Immunol 1996; 157:1589-97. [PMID: 8759743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, mediated by CD8+ cells and detected by skin test assay, occur in sensitized mice in response to challenge with a class I-restricted synthetic peptide related to a poorly immunogenic tumor rejection Ag, P815AB, of murine mastocytoma cells. Efficient priming for this response, which requires functional CD4+ cells and production of IFN-gamma in the host, is achieved by transfer of dendritic cells (DC) pulsed in vitro with a physical mixture of P815AB and T helper peptides, such as a class II-restricted synthetic peptide of tetanus toxin. We now show that the adjuvant effect of the T helper peptide was associated with the appearance of early and late IL-12 transcripts in the spleens of DC recipient mice, correlated with a late IFN-gamma response, and was negated by serologic ablation of endogenous IL-12 at the time of cell transfer. rIL-12, administered in vivo to the DC recipient mice, could substitute for the T helper peptide in initiating skin test reactivity following transfer of DC pulsed with P815AB alone, leading to Ag-specific production of IFN-gamma by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vitro and in vivo cell depletion experiments suggested the following: 1) the exogenous IL-12 required both CD4+ and CD8+ cells for activity; 2) the immune response initiated by IL-12 relied on later production of IL-12 by the host; and 3) the early adjuvanticity of the exogenous IL-12 involved improved recognition of class II-restricted epitopes of this otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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43
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Bianchi R, Grohmann U, Belladonna ML, Silla S, Fallarino F, Ayroldi E, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. IL-12 is both required and sufficient for initiating T cell reactivity to a class I-restricted tumor peptide (P815AB) following transfer of P815AB-pulsed dendritic cells. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.4.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, mediated by CD8+ cells and detected by skin test assay, occur in sensitized mice in response to challenge with a class I-restricted synthetic peptide related to a poorly immunogenic tumor rejection Ag, P815AB, of murine mastocytoma cells. Efficient priming for this response, which requires functional CD4+ cells and production of IFN-gamma in the host, is achieved by transfer of dendritic cells (DC) pulsed in vitro with a physical mixture of P815AB and T helper peptides, such as a class II-restricted synthetic peptide of tetanus toxin. We now show that the adjuvant effect of the T helper peptide was associated with the appearance of early and late IL-12 transcripts in the spleens of DC recipient mice, correlated with a late IFN-gamma response, and was negated by serologic ablation of endogenous IL-12 at the time of cell transfer. rIL-12, administered in vivo to the DC recipient mice, could substitute for the T helper peptide in initiating skin test reactivity following transfer of DC pulsed with P815AB alone, leading to Ag-specific production of IFN-gamma by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In vitro and in vivo cell depletion experiments suggested the following: 1) the exogenous IL-12 required both CD4+ and CD8+ cells for activity; 2) the immune response initiated by IL-12 relied on later production of IL-12 by the host; and 3) the early adjuvanticity of the exogenous IL-12 involved improved recognition of class II-restricted epitopes of this otherwise poorly immunogenic tumor peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - S Silla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - E Ayroldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M C Fioretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
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44
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Campanile F, Giampietri A, Grohmann U, Belladonna ML, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Evidence for tumor necrosis factor alpha as a mediator of the toxicity of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor in Gram-negative sepsis. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 307:191-9. [PMID: 8832221 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(96)00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibition in experimental Gram-negative sepsis, indomethacin was administered to mice at different times (1 or 5 days, or 1 h) before sublethal infection with an intravenous inoculum of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Early indomethacin exposure did not alter the outcome of infection, yet treatment at the time of bacterial challenge resulted in a high mortality rate. Polymerase chain reaction-assisted mRNA amplification in the spleens of infected mice revealed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) messenger was selectively expressed by the drug-treated and infected mice during the 24 h preceding death. Higher TNF-alpha levels were found in sera from these mice, whose macrophages produced increased levels of nitric oxide in vitro. Both pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, and an inhibitor of nitric oxide production improved survival in the indomethacin-treated and infected mice, although no such effect followed the administration of TNF-neutralizing antibodies. These data support the notion that cyclooxygenase inhibitors may exert both positive and negative effects in Gram-negative sepsis, the latter presumably involving overproduction of TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Campanile
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Belladonna ML, Fallarino F, Bianchi R, Binaglia L, Sagakuchi K, Mage MG, Appella E, Fioretti MC. Multiple point mutations in an endogenous retroviral gene confer high immunogenicity on a drug-treated murine tumor. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exposure in vivo of murine L5178Y lymphoma cells to cytoreductive triazene derivatives leads to the generation of immunogenic variant lines expressing new transplantation Ags recognized by CTL. In one such clonal variant (clone D), at least one subset of T cell neoepitopes are provided by proteins previously shown by serology to be products of endogenous retroviral env sequences. We report here on characterization of PCR-amplified gp70 env genes in clone D. Relative to known gp70 sequences in parental cells and in current databases, one gp70 sequence presented four distinct nucleotide changes, two of which were apparently unique to clone D DNA and cDNA upon differential hybridization analysis. Transfection experiments with the entire gp70 gene or subgenic fragments encompassing a single putative mutation showed that products of the mutated env gene or fragments may confer immunogenicity in vivo and susceptibility in vitro to lysis by clone D-primed, H-2Kd- or H-2Ld-restricted CTL. By skin test assay of mice primed with either clone D or three mutated synthetic peptides, evidence was obtained that amino acid substitutions at the relevant positions of the gp70 protein may produce immunogenic T cell epitopes and that these epitopes are expressed in vivo by clone D. These data point to the role of mutated retroviral tumor peptides as rejection Ags in histocompatible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - F Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - R Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - L Binaglia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - K Sagakuchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M G Mage
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - E Appella
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M C Fioretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Belladonna ML, Fallarino F, Bianchi R, Binaglia L, Sagakuchi K, Mage MG, Appella E, Fioretti MC. Multiple point mutations in an endogenous retroviral gene confer high immunogenicity on a drug-treated murine tumor. J Immunol 1995; 154:4630-41. [PMID: 7722315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure in vivo of murine L5178Y lymphoma cells to cytoreductive triazene derivatives leads to the generation of immunogenic variant lines expressing new transplantation Ags recognized by CTL. In one such clonal variant (clone D), at least one subset of T cell neoepitopes are provided by proteins previously shown by serology to be products of endogenous retroviral env sequences. We report here on characterization of PCR-amplified gp70 env genes in clone D. Relative to known gp70 sequences in parental cells and in current databases, one gp70 sequence presented four distinct nucleotide changes, two of which were apparently unique to clone D DNA and cDNA upon differential hybridization analysis. Transfection experiments with the entire gp70 gene or subgenic fragments encompassing a single putative mutation showed that products of the mutated env gene or fragments may confer immunogenicity in vivo and susceptibility in vitro to lysis by clone D-primed, H-2Kd- or H-2Ld-restricted CTL. By skin test assay of mice primed with either clone D or three mutated synthetic peptides, evidence was obtained that amino acid substitutions at the relevant positions of the gp70 protein may produce immunogenic T cell epitopes and that these epitopes are expressed in vivo by clone D. These data point to the role of mutated retroviral tumor peptides as rejection Ags in histocompatible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Belladonna ML, Allegrucci M, Silla S, Schiaffella E, Fioretti MC, Puccetti P. Endogenous retroviral gp70 genes of the murine lymphoma L5178Y: analysis of restriction fragment polymorphism upon induction of drug-mediated immunogenicity. Viral Immunol 1994; 7:155-67. [PMID: 7576030 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1994.7.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly immunogenic ("xenogenized") tumor variants appear after treatment of murine lymphoma L5178Y with the triazene derivative DTIC, this phenomenon being associated with the appearance of structurally abnormal gp70 env proteins in the cell variants. In the present study, we have isolated and sequenced several PCR-amplified gp70 cDNA genes from L5178Y cells. One of the resulting clones was used as a probe in Southern and Northern analysis of parental and xenogenized cells. The results indicated that xenogenization of tumor cells is associated with changes in retroviral env sequences detectable at the genomic level.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Southern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Dacarbazine/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Viral/drug effects
- Genes, Viral/immunology
- Leukemia L5178/genetics
- Leukemia L5178/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/drug effects
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/genetics
- Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Viral Envelope Proteins/drug effects
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Fioretti MC, Binaglia L, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Puccetti P. Immunogenic properties of retroviral protein P15E from drug-treated murine mastocytoma P815. Int J Cancer 1993; 55:344-50. [PMID: 7690350 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910550227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A triazene-xenogenized tumor sub-line was derived from the mouse mastocytoma cell line P815 following several transplant generations in vivo on DTIC. The highly immunogenic P815/DTIC variant line expressed new CTL-defined antigens. Novel antigens were also detected by antibodies in immunoprecipitation and by Western blot analysis. Upon immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cells, one such variant-specific 20-kDa antigen was shown to be related to retroviral envelope protein p15E. When injected intrasplenically into recipient mice, the electroblotted nitrocellulose-bound 20-kDa antigen resulted in increased frequency in CTL precursors to P815/DTIC cells. In addition to previous data in the L5178Y/DTIC tumor-model system, these data suggest that expression of aberrant, retrovirus-related proteins may be a common finding in different parental tumors xenogenized by triazene treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- University of Perugia, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Italy
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Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Romani L, Binaglia L, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Ullrich SJ, Appella E, Fioretti MC. Immunogenic tumor variants induced by drug treatment of the L5178Y lymphoma: search for serologically defined antigens at the clonal level. Int J Cancer 1992; 52:372-7. [PMID: 1399112 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910520308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly immunogenic tumor variants are generated by in vitro or in vivo treatment of the murine L5178Y lymphoma line with triazene derivatives. Most of these variants express new transplantation- and antibody-defined antigens that previous studies have shown to be closely related. One such 80-kDa protein on the surface of clone-D cells was found to be related to xenotropic MuLV gp70 molecules. To investigate the possible relevance of clone-D data to general properties of immunogenic variants in this tumor model system, polyclonal syngeneic antisera raised to a panel of immunogenic clones (including clone D) of the drug-treated L5178Y lymphoma line were employed in the immunoprecipitation of cell-surface and intrinsically labeled variant cells. In all clones, 1- and 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the immunoprecipitates detected an antigen of approximately 80 kDa, and 35S-labeled 80-kDa molecules could be cross-precipitated from all clones by the panel of clone-specific antisera. In addition, 45- and 30-kDa components were also found in metabolically labeled variant cells. While the surface 80-kDa component was reactive with anti-xenotropic gp70 antibodies, the 30-kDa molecule was removed by anti-gag p30 antibody in sequential immunoprecipitation experiments. These data suggest that expression of aberrant, retrovirus-related proteins is a common finding in immunogenic cells of the drug-treated L5178Y lymphoma line.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Italy
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