1
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Pallotta MT, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Coletti A, Orabona C, Macchiarulo A, Volpi C, Grohmann U. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1): an up-to-date overview of an eclectic immunoregulatory enzyme. FEBS J 2022; 289:6099-6118. [PMID: 34145969 PMCID: PMC9786828 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step in the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. When discovered more than 50 years ago, IDO1 was thought to be an effector molecule capable of mediating a survival strategy based on the deprivation of bacteria and tumor cells of the essential amino acid tryptophan. Since 1998, when tryptophan catabolism was discovered to be crucially involved in the maintenance of maternal T-cell tolerance, IDO1 has become the focus of several laboratories around the world. Indeed, IDO1 is now considered as an authentic immune regulator not only in pregnancy, but also in autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and tumor immunity. However, in the last years, a bulk of new information-including structural, biological, and functional evidence-on IDO1 has come to light. For instance, we now know that IDO1 has a peculiar conformational plasticity and, in addition to a complex and highly regulated catalytic activity, is capable of performing a nonenzymic function that reprograms the expression profile of immune cells toward a highly immunoregulatory phenotype. With this state-of-the-art review, we aimed at gathering the most recent information obtained for this eclectic protein as well as at highlighting the major unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | | | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaItaly
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2
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Proietti E, Pauwels RWM, van der Woude CJ, Doukas M, Oudijk L, Peppelenbosch MP, Grohmann U, Crombag MRBS, de Vries AC, Fuhler GM. Ustekinumab Tissue and Serum Levels in Patients With Crohn's Disease Are Closely Correlated Though Not Consistently Associated With Objective Response After Induction. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022:6653348. [PMID: 35917118 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ustekinumab (UST), which targets p40/interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-12, is an effective treatment for Crohn's disease (CD). Therapeutic drug monitoring may optimize UST posology. The aim of this study was to investigate UST and IL-23 serum and tissue concentrations in relation to mucosal inflammation and treatment response at an early time point. METHODS CD patients starting UST between December 2016 and November 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Endoscopies were performed at baseline and week 16. UST and IL-23 serum and tissue concentrations were measured at week 16. Clinical and biochemical response were defined as decline of ≥3 points in Harvey-Bradshaw Index and reduction of ≥50% in fecal calprotectin levels. Endoscopic response was defined as a ≥50% decline in Simple Endoscopic Score or a decline of ≥1 points in Rutgeerts score. Histological remission was defined as Global Histologic Disease Activity Score ≤4. RESULTS Of 56 included patients, 17 (30%) of 56 showed clinical response, 16 (30%) of 53 showed biochemical response, and 20 (36%) of 56 showed endoscopic response. UST, but not IL-23, concentration in biopsies was correlated to levels in corresponding sera (P < .0001). No correlation was found between UST tissue levels and treatment response. Patients achieving biochemical response showed significantly higher UST serum levels (3.12 µg/mL vs 1.41 µg/mL; P = .01). Tissue IL-23-to-UST ratio correlated with mucosal inflammation (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate a correlation between serum and tissue UST levels. While tissue IL-23-to-UST ratio correlated with mucosal inflammation, UST serum levels were more indicative for biochemical response. The role of UST levels for therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Proietti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Renske W M Pauwels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Oudijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Annemarie C de Vries
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Mammoli A, Bianconi E, Ruta L, Riccio A, Bigiotti C, Souma M, Carotti A, Rossini S, Suvieri C, Pallotta MT, Grohmann U, Camaioni E, Macchiarulo A. Critical Assessment of a Structure-Based Screening Campaign for IDO1 Inhibitors: Tips and Pitfalls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073981. [PMID: 35409342 PMCID: PMC8999677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has attracted wide interest as a key player in immune regulation, fostering the design and development of small molecule inhibitors to restore immune response in tumor immunity. In this framework, biochemical, structural, and pharmacological studies have unveiled peculiar structural plasticity of IDO1, with different conformations and functional states that are coupled to fine regulation of its catalytic activity and non-enzymic functions. The large plasticity of IDO1 may affect its ligand recognition process, generating bias in structure-based drug design campaigns. In this work, we report a screening campaign of a fragment library of compounds, grounding on the use of three distinct conformations of IDO1 that recapitulate its structural plasticity to some extent. Results are instrumental to discuss tips and pitfalls that, due to the large plasticity of the enzyme, may influence the identification of novel and differentiated chemical scaffolds of IDO1 ligands in structure-based screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mammoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Luana Ruta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessandra Riccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlo Bigiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Souma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.R.); (C.S.); (M.T.P.); (U.G.)
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo n.1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.M.); (E.B.); (L.R.); (A.R.); (C.B.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(075)-585-5131
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4
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Pauwels RWM, Proietti E, van der Woude CJ, Oudijk L, Crombag MRBS, Peppelenbosch MP, Grohmann U, Fuhler GM, de Vries AC. Vedolizumab Tissue Concentration Correlates to Mucosal Inflammation and Objective Treatment Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1813-1820. [PMID: 33705545 PMCID: PMC8528144 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between vedolizumab (VDZ) exposure and treatment response is unclear and seems insufficiently explained by serum levels. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between VDZ concentrations in serum and intestinal tissue and their association with mucosal inflammation and response to VDZ. METHODS This prospective study included 37 adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease with endoscopic inflammation at baseline who started VDZ. At week 16, serum and biopsies were collected for VDZ measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to calculate serum trough concentrations and to assess intestinal tissue concentrations. Validated clinical and endoscopic scores were used to define clinical and endoscopic response and remission, and fecal calprotectin levels were used to assess biochemical response. Histologic remission was determined by the Nancy score. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between VDZ concentrations in serum and tissue (r2 = 0.83; P < 0.0001). High mucosal rather than serum VDZ levels correlated with a reduced endoscopic (P = 0.06) grade of mucosal inflammation. Furthermore, patients with a positive biochemical and endoscopic outcome had higher tissue levels of VDZ than patients without biochemical and endoscopic response (P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tissue levels of VDZ may provide a better marker than serum levels for mucosal inflammation and objective treatment outcome at week 16. The potential of VDZ tissue levels for therapeutic drug monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske W M Pauwels
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- University of Perugia, Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lindsey Oudijk
- Erasmus MC, Department of Pathology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ursula Grohmann
- University of Perugia, Department of Experimental Medicine, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie C de Vries
- Erasmus MC, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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5
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Mondanelli G, Albini E, Orecchini E, Pallotta MT, Belladonna ML, Ricci G, Grohmann U, Orabona C. Pathogenetic Interplay Between IL-6 and Tryptophan Metabolism in an Experimental Model of Obesity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713989. [PMID: 34394118 PMCID: PMC8361489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation and dominated by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the kynurenine pathway by transforming l-tryptophan (Trp) into l-kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite endowed with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects. In dendritic cells, IL-6 induces IDO1 proteasomal degradation and shuts down IDO1-mediated immunosuppressive effects. In tumor cells, IL-6 upregulates IDO1 expression and favors tumor immune escape mechanisms. To investigate the role of IDO1 and its possible relationship with IL-6 in obesity, we induced the disease by feeding mice with a high fat diet (HFD). Mice on a standard diet were used as control. Experimental obesity was associated with high IDO1 expression and Kyn levels in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral white adipose tissue (SVF WAT). IDO1-deficient mice on HFD gained less weight and were less insulin resistant as compared to wild type counterparts. Administration of tocilizumab (TCZ), an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist, to mice on HFD significantly reduced weight gain, controlled adipose tissue hypertrophy, increased insulin sensitivity, and induced a better glucose tolerance. TCZ also induced a dramatic inhibition of IDO1 expression and Kyn production in the SVF WAT. Thus our data indicated that the IL-6/IDO1 axis may play a pathogenetic role in a chronic, low-grade inflammation condition, and, perhaps most importantly, IL-6R blockade may be considered a valid option for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Ricci
- Service Center for Pre-clinical Research, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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6
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Mondanelli G, Mandarano M, Belladonna ML, Suvieri C, Pelliccia C, Bellezza G, Sidoni A, Carvalho A, Grohmann U, Volpi C. Current Challenges for IDO2 as Target in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679953. [PMID: 33968089 PMCID: PMC8097162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the clinical approach of untreatable tumors and brought a breath of fresh air in cancer immunotherapy. However, the therapeutic effects of these drugs only cover a minority of patients and alternative immunotherapeutic targets are required. Metabolism of l-tryptophan (Trp) via the kynurenine pathway represents an important immune checkpoint mechanism that controls adaptive immunity and dampens exaggerated inflammation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the enzyme catalyzing the first, rate–limiting step of the pathway, is expressed in several human tumors and IDO1 catalytic inhibitors have reached phase III clinical trials, unfortunately with disappointing results. Although much less studied, the IDO1 paralog IDO2 may represent a valid alternative as drug target in cancer immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that IDO2 is much less effective than IDO1 in metabolizing Trp and its functions are rather the consequence of interaction with other, still undefined proteins that may vary in distinct inflammatory and neoplastic contexts. As a matter of fact, the expression of IDO2 gene variants is protective in PDAC but increases the risk of developing tumor in NSCLC patients. Therefore, the definition of the IDO2 interactome and function in distinct neoplasia may open innovative avenues of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Belladonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Pelliccia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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7
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Panfili E, Mondanelli G, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Orecchini E, Prontera P, Proietti E, Frontino G, Tirelli E, Iacono A, Vacca C, Puccetti P, Grohmann U, Esposito S, Pallotta MT. Novel mutations in the WFS1 gene are associated with Wolfram syndrome and systemic inflammation. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:265-276. [PMID: 33693650 PMCID: PMC8091036 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the WFS1 gene, encoding wolframin (WFS1), cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and are associated with a rare autosomal-recessive disorder known as Wolfram syndrome (WS). WS is clinically characterized by childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus and neurological signs. We identified two novel WFS1 mutations in a patient with WS, namely, c.316-1G > A (in intron 3) and c.757A > T (in exon 7). Both mutations, located in the N-terminal region of the protein, were predicted to generate a truncated and inactive form of WFS1. We found that although the WFS1 protein was not expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the proband, no constitutive ER stress activation could be detected in those cells. In contrast, WS proband’s PBMCs produced very high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the absence of any stimulus. WFS1 silencing in PBMCs from control subjects by means of small RNA interference also induced a pronounced proinflammatory cytokine profile. The same cytokines were also significantly higher in sera from the WS patient as compared to matched healthy controls. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory state was associated with a dominance of proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17)-type cells over regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in the WS PBMCs. The identification of a state of systemic chronic inflammation associated with WFS1 deficiency may pave the way to innovative and personalized therapeutic interventions in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Elena Orecchini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Giulio Frontino
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Eva Tirelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Visiting Professor, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
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8
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Iacono A, Pompa A, De Marchis F, Panfili E, Greco FA, Coletti A, Orabona C, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Mondanelli G, Albini E, Vacca C, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Bianchi R, De Marcos Lousa C, Mazza EM, Bicciato S, Proietti E, Milano F, Martelli MP, Iamandii IM, Graupera Garcia-Mila M, Llena Sopena J, Hawkins P, Suire S, Okkenhaug K, Stark AK, Grassi F, Bellucci M, Puccetti P, Santambrogio L, Macchiarulo A, Grohmann U, Pallotta MT. Class IA PI3Ks regulate subcellular and functional dynamics of IDO1. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49756. [PMID: 33159421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of a protein's spatial dynamics at the subcellular level is key to understanding its function(s), interactions, and associated intracellular events. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a cytosolic enzyme that controls immune responses via tryptophan metabolism, mainly through its enzymic activity. When phosphorylated, however, IDO1 acts as a signaling molecule in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thus activating genomic effects, ultimately leading to long-lasting immunosuppression. Whether the two activities-namely, the catalytic and signaling functions-are spatially segregated has been unclear. We found that, under conditions favoring signaling rather than catabolic events, IDO1 shifts from the cytosol to early endosomes. The event requires interaction with class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), which become activated, resulting in full expression of the immunoregulatory phenotype in vivo in pDCs as resulting from IDO1-dependent signaling events. Thus, IDO1's spatial dynamics meet the needs for short-acting as well as durable mechanisms of immune suppression, both under acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. These data expand the theoretical basis for an IDO1-centered therapy in inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.,Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco A Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carine De Marcos Lousa
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Center for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ioana M Iamandii
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Judith Llena Sopena
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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9
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Proietti E, Rossini S, Grohmann U, Mondanelli G. Polyamines and Kynurenines at the Intersection of Immune Modulation. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1037-1050. [PMID: 33055013 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (i.e., putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are bioactive polycations capable of binding nucleic acids and proteins and modulating signaling pathways. Polyamine functions have been studied most extensively in tumors, where they can promote cell transformation and proliferation. Recently, spermidine was found to exert protective effects in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and to confer immunoregulatory properties on dendritic cells (DCs), via the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme. IDO1 converts l-tryptophan into metabolites, collectively known as kynurenines, endowed with several immunoregulatory effects via activation of the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Because AhR activation increases polyamine production, the emerging scenario has identified polyamines and kynurenines as actors of an immunoregulatory circuitry with potential implications for immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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10
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Mondanelli G, Di Battista V, Pellanera F, Mammoli A, Macchiarulo A, Gargaro M, Mavridou E, Matteucci C, Ruggeri L, Orabona C, Volpi C, Grohmann U, Mecucci C. A novel mutation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 causes a rapid proteasomal degradation and compromises protein function. J Autoimmun 2020; 115:102509. [PMID: 32605792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) - the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway - belongs to the class of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Such regulators of the immune system are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and thus, when properly working, preventing autoimmunity. A dysfunctional IDO1 has recently been associated with a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and with the occurrence of autoimmune diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Many genetic alterations of IDO1 have been proposed being related with dysimmune disorders. However, the molecular and functional meaning of variations in IDO1 exomes as well as the promoter region remains a poorly explored field. In the present study, we identified a rare missense variant (rs751360195) at the IDO1 gene in a patient affected by coeliac disease, thyroiditis, and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. Molecular and functional studies demonstrated that the substitution of lysine (K) at position 257 with a glutamic acid (E) results in an altered IDO1 protein that undergoes a rapid protein turnover. This genotype-to-phenotype relation is produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the patient bearing this variation and is associated with a specific phenotype (i.e., impaired tryptophan catabolism and defective mechanisms of immune tolerance). Thus decoding functional mutations of the IDO1 exome may provide clinically relevant information exploitable to personalize therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Mammoli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Ayroldi E, Grohmann U. Exemplifying complexity of immune suppression by a "canonical" speech: A glimpse into TNFRSF-activated signaling pathways in Treg cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:944-948. [PMID: 32428262 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial mediators of immune tolerance suppressing self-reactive T cells and preventing autoimmune diseases. Besides activation of the T cell receptor (TCR), empowerment of Treg cell functions requires co-accessory signals, such as those released by the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that, however, can also promote immunostimulatory responses when engaged by effector T cells. In this issue of European Journal of Immunology, Lubrano di Ricco et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2020. 50: 972-985] have taken a closer look at the important question of the functional meaning of TNFRSF-activated signaling pathways in Treg cells. They have demonstrated that costimulation by TNFR2, 4-1BB, GITR, DR3, but not OX40 in mouse Foxp3+ Treg cells activates the same and unique signaling pathway, i.e., canonical NF-κB, which in turn leads to Foxp3 gene upregulation, cell expansion in vitro and in vivo, and suppressive activity in an experimental model of colitis. Moreover, induction of markers of T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 as well as of genes encoding proteins involved in noncanonical NF-κΒ was also observed. We here discussed how these findings further highlight the emerging concept of Treg cell plasticity in immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Ayroldi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Ladomersky E, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Bell A, Xu J, Kocherginsky M, Zhang B, Wu JD, Podojil JR, Platanias LC, Mochizuki AY, Prins RM, Kumthekar P, Raizer JJ, Dixit K, Lukas RV, Horbinski C, Wei M, Zhou C, Pawelec G, Campisi J, Grohmann U, Prendergast GC, Munn DH, Wainwright DA. Advanced Age Increases Immunosuppression in the Brain and Decreases Immunotherapeutic Efficacy in Subjects with Glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5232-5245. [PMID: 32546647 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase-expressing glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a median age at diagnosis of ≥65 years. It accounts for approximately 90% of all GBMs and has a median overall survival (OS) of <15 months. Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has achieved remarkable survival benefits in a variety of aggressive malignancies, similar success has yet to be achieved for GBM among phase III clinical trials to date. Our study aimed to understand the relationship between subject age and immunotherapeutic efficacy as it relates to survival from glioma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (i) Clinical data: GBM patient datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, and clinical studies evaluating ICB were stratified by age and compared for OS. (ii) Animal models: young, middle-aged, and older adult wild-type and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO)-knockout syngeneic mice were intracranially engrafted with CT-2A or GL261 glioma cell lines and treated with or without CTLA-4/PD-L1 mAbs, or radiation, anti-PD-1 mAb, and/or a pharmacologic IDO enzyme inhibitor. RESULTS Advanced age was associated with decreased GBM patient survival regardless of treatment with ICB. The advanced age-associated increase of brain IDO expression was linked to the suppression of immunotherapeutic efficacy and was not reversed by IDO enzyme inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSIONS Immunosuppression increases in the brain during advanced age and inhibits antiglioma immunity in older adults. Going forward, it will be important to fully understand the factors and mechanisms in the elderly brain that contribute to the decreased survival of older patients with GBM during treatment with ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Ladomersky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kristen L Lauing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - April Bell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine-Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine-Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Leonidas C Platanias
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron Y Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey J Raizer
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karan Dixit
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Min Wei
- BeiGene, Zhong-Guan-Cun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Changyou Zhou
- BeiGene, Zhong-Guan-Cun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. .,Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Mammoli A, Coletti A, Ballarotto M, Riccio A, Carotti A, Grohmann U, Camaioni E, Macchiarulo A. New Insights from Crystallographic Data: Diversity of Structural Motifs and Molecular Recognition Properties between Groups of IDO1 Structures. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:891-899. [PMID: 32190988 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A large number of crystallographic structures of IDO1 in different ligand-bound and -unbound states have been disclosed over the last decade. Yet, only a few of them have been exploited for structure-based drug design (SBDD) campaigns. In this study, we analyzed the structural motifs and molecular-recognition properties of three groups of IDO1 structures: 1) structures containing the heme group and inhibitors in the catalytic site; 2) heme-free structures of IDO1; 3) substrate-bound structures of IDO1. The results suggest that unrelated conformations of the enzyme have been solved with different ligand-induced changes of secondary motifs that localize even in regions remote from the catalytic site. Moreover, the study identified an uncharted region of molecular-recognition space covered by IDO1 binding sites that could guide the selection of diverse structures for additional SBDD studies aimed at the identification of novel lead compounds with differentiated chemical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mammoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del liceo n.1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini n. 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Ballarotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del liceo n.1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Riccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del liceo n.1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del liceo n.1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del liceo n.1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del liceo n.1, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Greco FA, Albini E, Coletti A, Dolciami D, Carotti A, Orabona C, Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A. Tracking Hidden Binding Pockets Along the Molecular Recognition Path ofl‐Trp to Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase 1. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:2084-2092. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco A. Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Perugia via del liceo n.1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Perugia P.le Gambuli 06132 Perugia Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Perugia via del liceo n.1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Perugia via del liceo n.1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Perugia via del liceo n.1 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Perugia P.le Gambuli 06132 Perugia Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Perugia P.le Gambuli 06132 Perugia Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Perugia via del liceo n.1 06123 Perugia Italy
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15
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Gargaro M, Vacca C, Massari S, Scalisi G, Manni G, Mondanelli G, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Matino D, Iacono A, Panfili E, Proietti E, Iamandii IM, Cecchetti V, Puccetti P, Tabarrini O, Fallarino F, Grohmann U. Engagement of Nuclear Coactivator 7 by 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Enhances Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Immunoregulatory Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1973. [PMID: 31481962 PMCID: PMC6710348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation that produces several biologically active Trp metabolites. L-kynurenine (Kyn), the first byproduct by IDO1, promotes immunoregulatory effects via activation of the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes. We here identified the nuclear coactivator 7 (NCOA7) as a molecular target of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), a Trp metabolite produced downstream of Kyn along the kynurenine pathway. In cells overexpressing NCOA7 and AhR, the presence of 3-HAA increased the association of the two molecules and enhanced Kyn-driven, AhR-dependent gene transcription. Physiologically, conventional (cDCs) but not plasmacytoid DCs or other immune cells expressed high levels of NCOA7. In cocultures of CD4+ T cells with cDCs, the co-addition of Kyn and 3-HAA significantly increased the induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and the production of immunosuppressive transforming growth factor β in an NCOA7-dependent fashion. Thus, the co-presence of NCOA7 and the Trp metabolite 3-HAA can selectively enhance the activation of ubiquitary AhR in cDCs and consequent immunoregulatory effects. Because NCOA7 is often overexpressed and/or mutated in tumor microenvironments, our current data may provide evidence for a new immune check-point mechanism based on Trp metabolism and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Scalisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Manni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Proietti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Bianchini S, Orabona C, Camilloni B, Berioli MG, Argentiero A, Matino D, Alunno A, Albini E, Vacca C, Pallotta MT, Mancini G, Tascini G, Toni G, Mondanelli G, Silvestri E, Grohmann U, Esposito S. Effects of probiotic administration on immune responses of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes to a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:86-94. [PMID: 31210557 PMCID: PMC7012143 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1633877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was planned to evaluate whether a 3-month treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can modify immune system functions in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), leading to an increased immune response to an injectable quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV). A total of 87 pediatric patients with T1D were screened, although 34 patients in the Probiotic group and 30 in the Control group accepted to be vaccinated with QIV and completed the study. Vaccine immunogenicity and safety and the inflammatory cytokine response were studied. Results showed that QIV was immunogenic and safe in T1D pediatric patients and pre-administration of LGG for three months did not substantially modify the QIV humoral immunity. The combination of QIV and LGG reduced inflammatory responses (i.e., IFN-γ, IL17A, IL-17F, IL-6, and TNF-α) from activated PBMCs of pediatric patients with T1D, without dampening the production of seroprotective antibodies. In conclusion, QIV is associated with an adequate immunogenicity in children and adolescents with T1D in presence of a good safety profile. Although a systematic administration of LGG did not result in an improvement of humoral responses to an influenza vaccine, the probiotic did induce important anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bianchini
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Camilloni
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Berioli
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Alunno
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mancini
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Tascini
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Toni
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ettore Silvestri
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Volpi C, Orabona C, Macchiarulo A, Bianchi R, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Preclinical discovery and development of fingolimod for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1199-1212. [PMID: 31389262 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1646244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Fingolimod, the first oral disease-modifying treatment (DMT) in multiple sclerosis (MS), is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) ligand. Approved in 2010, fingolimod has been extensively studied and has been credited with several mechanisms of actions that contribute to its efficacy in MS, among which is the regulation of lymphocyte circulation between the central nervous system and the periphery. Concerns about toxicity, off-target effects, and real-life performance have been raised over time in post-marketing studies of such that next-generation sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor ligands are now being developed. Areas covered: Herein, the authors expand upon previous systematic reviews obtained via PubMed and through their expert opinion on fingolimod use in clinical practice. Long-term data including long-term efficacy, safety, tolerability, and management especially within growing DMT options and pre-treatment constellation in MS patients are discussed, together with the results of an increased understanding of the chemistry underlying the structure-activity relationship. Expert opinion: Despite the limitations illustrated in this article, fingolimod still constitutes a paradigm shift in MS treatment. However, although immunomodulation via S1PRs on lymphocytes has represented a major breakthrough in the clinical management of MS, modifying the evolution of progressive MS will likely require the development of approaches other than merely targeting S1PRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
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18
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Pallotta MT, Tascini G, Crispoldi R, Orabona C, Mondanelli G, Grohmann U, Esposito S. Wolfram syndrome, a rare neurodegenerative disease: from pathogenesis to future treatment perspectives. J Transl Med 2019; 17:238. [PMID: 31337416 PMCID: PMC6651977 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wolfram syndrome (WS), a rare genetic disorder, is considered the best prototype of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) diseases. Classical WS features are childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus, neurological signs, and other abnormalities. Two causative genes (WFS1 and WFS2) have been identified. The transmission of the disease takes place in an autosomal recessive mode but autosomal dominant mutations responsible for WS-related disorders have been described. Prognosis is poor, death occurs at the median age of 39 years with a major cause represented by respiratory failure as a consequence of brain stem atrophy and neurodegeneration. The aim of this narrative review is to focus on etiology, pathogenesis and natural history of WS for an adequate patient management and for the discussion of future therapeutic interventions. Main body WS requires a multidisciplinary approach in order to be successfully treated. A prompt diagnosis decreases morbidity and mortality through prevention and treatment of complications. Being a monogenic pathology, WS represents a perfect model to study the mechanisms of ER stress and how this condition leads to cell death, in comparison with other prevalent diseases in which multiple factors interact to produce the disease manifestations. WS is also an important disease prototype to identify drugs and molecules associated with ER homeostasis. Evidence indicates that specific metabolic diseases (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, inflammatory pathologies and also cancer are closely related to ER dysfunction. Conclusions Therapeutic strategies in WS are based on drug repurposing (i.e., investigation of approved drugs for novel therapeutic indications) with the aim to stop the progression of the disease by reducing the endoplasmic reticulum stress. An extensive understanding of WS from pathophysiology to therapy is fundamental and more studies are necessary to better manage this devastating disease and guarantee the patients a better quality of life and longer life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Tascini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Crispoldi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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19
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Mondanelli G, Iacono A, Allegrucci M, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Immunoregulatory Interplay Between Arginine and Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1565. [PMID: 31354721 PMCID: PMC6629926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegrucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Mondanelli G, Iacono A, Carvalho A, Orabona C, Volpi C, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Esposito S, Grohmann U. Amino acid metabolism as drug target in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:334-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Panfili E, Mondanelli G, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Gargaro M, Fallarino F, Puccetti P, Grohmann U, Volpi C, Belladonna ML. IL-35Ig-expressing dendritic cells induce tolerance via Arginase 1. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3757-3761. [PMID: 30793469 PMCID: PMC6484402 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin IL‐35 is known to exert strong immunosuppressive functions. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and Arginase 1 (Arg1) are metabolic enzymes that, expressed by dendritic cells (DCs), contribute to immunoregulation. Here, we explored any possible link between IL‐35 and the activity of those enzymes. We transfected a single chain IL‐35Ig gene construct in murine splenic DCs (DC35) and assessed any IDO1 and Arg1 activities as resulting from ectopic IL‐35Ig expression, both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike Ido1, Arg1 expression was induced in vitro in DC35, and it conferred an immunosuppressive phenotype on those cells, as revealed by a delayed‐type hypersensitivity assay. Moreover, the in vivo onset of a tolerogenic phenotype in DC35 was associated with the detection of CD25+CD39+, rather than Foxp3+, regulatory T cells. Therefore, Arg1, but not Ido1, expression in DC35 appears to be an early event in IL‐35Ig–mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Panfili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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22
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Berioli MG, Mancini G, Principi N, Santi E, Ascenzi M, Rogari F, Ceccarini G, Grohmann U, Esposito S. Growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and asymptomatic celiac disease treated with a gluten -free diet for 1 year. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219855574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and silent celiac disease treated with a gluten-free diet for 1 year with those of similar age and gender with type 1 diabetes but without celiac disease, 16 type 1 diabetes patients with silent celiac disease were enrolled and each celiac disease-positive case was matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes with two type 1 diabetes controls with negative serologic markers of celiac disease. All 16 children with positive celiac disease serology had histologic features consistent with celiac disease despite the absence of symptoms. The mean growth and metabolic control values were similar between children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and those with type 1 diabetes but without celiac disease. This study seems to suggest that the early diagnosis of celiac disease and initiation of a gluten-free diet may prevent further deterioration in the nutritional status of children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and may reduce the prospect of celiac disease complications without any impact on type 1 diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Berioli
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mancini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Santi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Ascenzi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Rogari
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceccarini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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23
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Fiore A, Ugel S, De Sanctis F, Sandri S, Fracasso G, Trovato R, Sartoris S, Solito S, Mandruzzato S, Vascotto F, Hippen KL, Mondanelli G, Grohmann U, Piro G, Carbone C, Melisi D, Lawlor RT, Scarpa A, Lamolinara A, Iezzi M, Fassan M, Bicciato S, Blazar BR, Sahin U, Murray PJ, Bronte V. Induction of immunosuppressive functions and NF-κB by FLIP in monocytes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5193. [PMID: 30518925 PMCID: PMC6281604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppression is a hallmark of tumor progression, and treatments that inhibit or deplete monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells could promote anti-tumor immunity. c-FLIP is a central regulator of caspase-8-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis. Here we show that low-dose cytotoxic chemotherapy agents cause apoptosis linked to c-FLIP down-regulation selectively in monocytes. Enforced expression of c-FLIP or viral FLIP rescues monocytes from cytotoxicity and concurrently induces potent immunosuppressive activity, in T cell cultures and in vivo models of tumor progression and immunotherapy. FLIP-transduced human blood monocytes can suppress graft versus host disease. Neither expression of FLIP in granulocytes nor expression of other anti-apoptotic genes in monocytes conferred immunosuppression, suggesting that FLIP effects on immunosuppression are specific to monocytic lineage and distinct from death inhibition. Mechanistically, FLIP controls a broad transcriptional program, partially by NF-κB activation. Therefore, modulation of FLIP in monocytes offers a means to elicit or block immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Signaling and transcriptional regulation of MDSC activity remains largely undefined. Here the authors show that monocytic MDSC immunosuppression is triggered by c-FLIP and requires NFκB, implicate this axis in cancer prognosis and response to therapy, and employ ectopic FLIP to treat immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Sara Sandri
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Trovato
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Samantha Solito
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova, 35124, Italy
| | - Susanna Mandruzzato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Section of Oncology and Immunology, University of Padova, Padova, 35124, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, 35124, Italy
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Oncology and Molecular Therapy, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.,Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, 35124, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41100, Italy
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany.,University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, 55131, Germany.,Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, 55131, Germany
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany.
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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24
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Albini E, Coletti A, Greco F, Pallotta M, Mondanelli G, Gargaro M, Belladonna M, Volpi C, Bianchi R, Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A, Orabona C. Identification of a 2-propanol analogue modulating the non-enzymatic function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 158:286-297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Orabona C, Mondanelli G, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Immune Checkpoint Molecules, Personalized Immunotherapy, and Autoimmune Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:931-941. [PMID: 30236470 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding autoimmunity, no immunotherapy to effectively halt immune-mediated destruction of β cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is currently available. For successful immunotherapy it will be necessary to identify novel drug targets as well as robust immunologic biomarkers to predict disease heterogeneity and patient responsiveness. Inhibition of immune checkpoint mechanisms represents a novel and effective strategy in tumor immunotherapy. Because they are fundamental to rewiring immune circuits, the underlying mechanisms could be therapeutically enhanced and used as biomarkers in T1D. We examine here current knowledge of immune checkpoint molecules in T1D. One specific immune checkpoint mechanism, namely tryptophan metabolism, may meet the need for a valid drug target and robust biomarker in the quest for effective and personalized immunotherapy in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciriana Orabona
- University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Puccetti
- University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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26
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Anquetil F, Mondanelli G, Gonzalez N, Rodriguez Calvo T, Zapardiel Gonzalo J, Krogvold L, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Van den Eynde B, Orabona C, Grohmann U, von Herrath MG. Loss of IDO1 Expression From Human Pancreatic β-Cells Precedes Their Destruction During the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:1858-1866. [PMID: 29945890 PMCID: PMC6110313 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) is a powerful immunoregulatory enzyme that is deficient in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we present the first systematic evaluation of IDO1 expression and localization in human pancreatic tissue. Although IDO1 was constitutively expressed in β-cells from donors without diabetes, less IDO1 was expressed in insulin-containing islets from double autoantibody-positive donors and patients with recent-onset T1D, although it was virtually absent in insulin-deficient islets from donors with T1D. Scatter plot analysis suggested that IDO1 decay occurred in individuals with multiple autoantibodies, prior to β-cell demise. IDO1 impairment might therefore contribute to β-cell demise and could potentially emerge as a promising therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Autoantibodies/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology
- Autoimmunity
- Cadaver
- Cohort Studies
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Disease Progression
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/enzymology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prediabetic State/immunology
- Prediabetic State/metabolism
- Prediabetic State/pathology
- Prediabetic State/physiopathology
- Protein Transport
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Krogvold
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benoit Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Matthias G von Herrath
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Novo Nordisk Diabetes Research & Development Center, Seattle, WA
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27
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Fiorito S, Greco FA, Coletti A, Dolciami D, Viola S, Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A. Microscale Thermophoresis and Docking Studies Suggest Lapachol and Auraptene are Ligands of IDO1. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key target for the development of small molecule immunotherapies in oncology. In this framework, the screening of chemotherapeutic agents to identify compounds binding to IDO1 represents a valuable strategy for the development of multitarget drug candidates that combine synergic immunoregulatory properties to cytotoxic activity. In this study, we report that two natural compounds endowed with anticancer activity, namely lapachol and auraptene, act as IDO1 ligands with dissociation constant (Kd) in the micromolar range of potency. Docking studies provide plausible binding modes of these compounds to the catalytic cleft of IDO1. Our results support the notion that lapachol and auraptene may be considered interesting lead compounds in the immuno-oncology setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Fiorito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco A. Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Viola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, via Gambuli, 1 - 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo, 1 - 06123, Perugia, Italy
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28
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Orabona C, Mondanelli G, Pallotta MT, Carvalho A, Albini E, Fallarino F, Vacca C, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Berioli MG, Ceccarini G, Esposito SM, Scattoni R, Verrotti A, Ferretti A, De Giorgi G, Toni S, Cappa M, Matteoli MC, Bianchi R, Matino D, Iacono A, Puccetti M, Cunha C, Bicciato S, Antognelli C, Talesa VN, Chatenoud L, Fuchs D, Pilotte L, Van den Eynde B, Lemos MC, Romani L, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Deficiency of immunoregulatory indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1in juvenile diabetes. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96244. [PMID: 29563329 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A defect in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is responsible for immunoregulatory tryptophan catabolism, impairs development of immune tolerance to autoantigens in NOD mice, a model for human autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whether IDO1 function is also defective in T1D is still unknown. We investigated IDO1 function in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with T1D and matched controls. These children were further included in a discovery study to identify SNPs in IDO1 that might modify the risk of T1D. T1D in children was characterized by a remarkable defect in IDO1 function. A common haplotype, associated with dysfunctional IDO1, increased the risk of developing T1D in the discovery and also confirmation studies. In T1D patients sharing such a common IDO1 haplotype, incubation of PBMCs in vitro with tocilizumab (TCZ) - an IL-6 receptor blocker - would, however, rescue IDO1 activity. In an experimental setting with diabetic NOD mice, TCZ was found to restore normoglycemia via IDO1-dependent mechanisms. Thus, functional SNPs of IDO1 are associated with defective tryptophan catabolism in human T1D, and maneuvers aimed at restoring IDO1 function would be therapeutically effective in at least a subgroup of T1D pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria G Berioli
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ceccarini
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Mr Esposito
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scattoni
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni De Giorgi
- Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia Toni
- Juvenile Diabetes Center, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Matteoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- INSERM U1013, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luc Pilotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology and.,De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology and.,De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel C Lemos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A. Innovative drugs targeting IDO1 functions in neoplasia. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy046.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Iacono A, Pompa A, De Marchis F, Bellucci M, Grassi F, Grohmann U, Pallotta M. Relationship between functions and intracellular localization of the immune checkpoint target indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy047.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Pallotta M, Iacono A, Albini E, Orabona C, Belladonna M, Bianchi R, Coletti A, Greco F, Macchiarulo A, Grohmann U. Towards the identification of the mechanism of action of antitumor 1-methyl-D-tryptophan. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy047.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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32
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Volpi C, Fallarino F, Mondanelli G, Macchiarulo A, Grohmann U. Opportunities and challenges in drug discovery targeting metabotropic glutamate receptor 4. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:411-423. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1443076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Toni G, Berioli MG, Cerquiglini L, Ceccarini G, Grohmann U, Principi N, Esposito S. Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating Symptoms in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:E906. [PMID: 28825608 PMCID: PMC5579699 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating problems in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be divided into two groups. The first includes the diagnosed eating disorders (EDs), i.e., diseases specifically identified by defined signs and symptoms for which a degree of severity has been established, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, pica, and rumination. The second is the group of disordered eating symptoms (DES), which include behaviors such as dieting for weight loss, binge eating, self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and laxative or diuretic use; these behaviors cannot be categorized as complete diseases, and, although apparently mild, they must be closely evaluated because they can evolve into true EDs. In this review, present knowledge about the clinical relevance of EDs and DES and the possible preventive and therapeutic measures used to reduce their impact on the course of T1D will be discussed. As adolescents with diabetes are at higher risk of eating disturbances and consequently for higher rates of disease complications, care providers should pay attention to clinical warning signs that raise suspicion of disturbed eating to refer these patients early to an expert in nutrition and mental health disorders. To ensure the best care for adolescents with T1D, diabetes teams should be multidisciplinary and include a pediatric diabetologist, a skilled nurse, a dietician, and a psychologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Toni
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maria Giulia Berioli
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Laura Cerquiglini
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ceccarini
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Nicola Principi
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy.
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34
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Coletti A, Greco FA, Dolciami D, Camaioni E, Sardella R, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Orabona C, Grohmann U, Macchiarulo A. Advances in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 medicinal chemistry. Medchemcomm 2017; 8:1378-1392. [PMID: 30108849 PMCID: PMC6072487 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) mediates multiple immunoregulatory processes including the induction of regulatory T cell differentiation and activation, suppression of T cell immune responses and inhibition of dendritic cell function, which impair immune recognition of cancer cells and promote tumor growth. On this basis, this enzyme is widely recognized as a valuable drug target for the development of immunotherapeutic small molecules in oncology. Although medicinal chemistry has made a substantial contribution to the discovery of numerous chemical classes of potent IDO1 inhibitors in the past 20 years, only very few compounds have progressed in clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of structure-function relationships of the enzyme, and discuss structure-activity relationships of selected classes of inhibitors that have shaped the hitherto few successes of IDO1 medicinal chemistry. An outlook opinion is also given on trends in the design of next generation inhibitors of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Coletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Francesco Antonio Greco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Perugia , P.le Gambuli , 06132 Perugia , Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Perugia , via del Liceo 1 , 06123 Perugia , Italy . ; ; Tel: +39 075 585 5160
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35
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Grohmann U, Mondanelli G, Belladonna ML, Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Iacono A, Puccetti P, Volpi C. Amino-acid sensing and degrading pathways in immune regulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:37-45. [PMID: 28545736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) - belonging in the heme dioxygenase family and degrading tryptophan - are responsible for the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As such, they are expressed by a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species. In mammals, IDO1 has remarkably evolved to expand its functions, so to become a prominent homeostatic regulator, capable of modulating infection and immunity in multiple ways, including local tryptophan deprivation, production of biologically active tryptophan catabolites, and non-enzymatic cell-signaling activity. Much like IDO1, arginase 1 (Arg1) is an immunoregulatory enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of arginine. Here, we discuss the possible role of amino-acid degradation as related to the evolution of the immune systems and how the functions of those enzymes are linked by an entwined pathway selected by phylogenesis to meet the newly arising needs imposed by an evolving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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36
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Mondanelli G, Albini E, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Chatenoud L, Kuhn C, Fallarino F, Matino D, Belladonna ML, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Bicciato S, Boon L, Ricci G, Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Orabona C. The Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib Controls Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Breakdown and Restores Immune Regulation in Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:428. [PMID: 28450863 PMCID: PMC5390013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ) is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor approved for the therapy of multiple myeloma that also displays unique regulatory activities on immune cells. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a tryptophan metabolizing enzyme exerting potent immunoregulatory effects when expressed in dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells capable of promoting either immunity or tolerance. We previously demonstrated that, in inflammatory conditions, IDO1 is subjected to proteasomal degradation in DCs, turning these cells from immunoregulatory to immunostimulatory. In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an experimental model of autoimmune diabetes, we also identified an IDO1 defect such that the DCs do not develop tolerance toward pancreatic islet autoantigens. We found that BTZ rescues IDO1 protein expression in vitro in a particular subset of DCs, i.e., plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) from NOD mice. When administered in vivo to prediabetic mice, the drug prevented diabetes onset through IDO1- and pDC-dependent mechanisms. Although the drug showed no therapeutic activity when administered alone to overtly diabetic mice, its combination with otherwise suboptimal dosages of autoimmune-preventive anti-CD3 antibody resulted in disease reversal in 70% diabetic mice, a therapeutic effect similar to that afforded by full-dosage anti-CD3. Thus, our data indicate a potential for BTZ in the immunotherapy of autoimmune diabetes and further underline the importance of IDO1-mediated immune regulation in such disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- INSERM U1013, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Francesca Fallarino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ricci
- Animal Facility of the University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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37
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Mondanelli G, Bianchi R, Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Albini E, Iacono A, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A, Ugel S, Bronte V, Gevi F, Zolla L, Verhaar A, Peppelenbosch M, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Laouar Y, Santambrogio L, Puccetti P, Volpi C, Grohmann U. A Relay Pathway between Arginine and Tryptophan Metabolism Confers Immunosuppressive Properties on Dendritic Cells. Immunity 2017; 46:233-244. [PMID: 28214225 PMCID: PMC5337620 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (Arg1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are immunoregulatory enzymes catalyzing the degradation of l-arginine and l-tryptophan, respectively, resulting in local amino acid deprivation. In addition, unlike Arg1, IDO1 is also endowed with non-enzymatic signaling activity in dendritic cells (DCs). Despite considerable knowledge of their individual biology, no integrated functions of Arg1 and IDO1 have been reported yet. We found that IDO1 phosphorylation and consequent activation of IDO1 signaling in DCs was strictly dependent on prior expression of Arg1 and Arg1-dependent production of polyamines. Polyamines, either produced by DCs or released by bystander Arg1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells, conditioned DCs toward an IDO1-dependent, immunosuppressive phenotype via activation of the Src kinase, which has IDO1-phosphorylating activity. Thus our data indicate that Arg1 and IDO1 are linked by an entwined pathway in immunometabolism and that their joint modulation could represent an important target for effective immunotherapy in several disease settings. Dendritic cells (DCs) can co-express Arg1 and IDO1 immunosuppressive enzymes Arg1 activity is required for IDO1 induction by TGF-β in DCs Spermidine, a downstream Arg1 product, but not arginine starvation, induces IDO1 in DCs Arg1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can render DCs immunosuppressive via IDO1
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Auke Verhaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Yasmina Laouar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, US
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, US
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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38
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Albini E, Rosini V, Gargaro M, Mondanelli G, Belladonna ML, Pallotta MT, Volpi C, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A, Antognelli C, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Puccetti P, Grohmann U, Orabona C. Distinct roles of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based motifs in immunosuppressive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:165-176. [PMID: 27696702 PMCID: PMC5192792 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyses the initial, rate‐limiting step in tryptophan (Trp) degradation, resulting in tryptophan starvation and the production of immunoregulatory kynurenines. IDO1's catalytic function has long been considered as the one mechanism responsible for IDO1‐dependent immune suppression by dendritic cells (DCs), which are master regulators of the balance between immunity and tolerance. However, IDO1 also harbours immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motifs, (ITIM1 and ITIM2), that, once phosphorylated, bind protein tyrosine phosphatases, (SHP‐1 and SHP‐2), and thus trigger an immunoregulatory signalling in DCs. This mechanism leads to sustained IDO1 expression, in a feedforward loop, which is particularly important in restraining autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. Yet, under specific conditions requiring that early and protective inflammation be unrelieved, tyrosine‐phosphorylated ITIMs will instead bind the suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), which drives IDO1 proteasomal degradation and shortens the enzyme half‐life. To dissect any differential roles of the two IDO1's ITIMs, we generated protein mutants by replacing one or both ITIM‐associated tyrosines with phospho‐mimicking glutamic acid residues. Although all mutants lost their enzymic activity, the ITIM1 – but not ITIM2 mutant – did bind SHPs and conferred immunosuppressive effects on DCs, making cells capable of restraining an antigen‐specific response in vivo. Conversely, the ITIM2 mutant would preferentially bind SOCS3, and IDO1's degradation was accelerated. Thus, it is the selective phosphorylation of either ITIM that controls the duration of IDO1 expression and function, in that it dictates whether enhanced tolerogenic signalling or shutdown of IDO1‐dependent events will occur in a local microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Verdiana Rosini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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39
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Chalise JP, Pallotta MT, Narendra SC, Carlsson B, Iacono A, Namale J, Boon L, Grohmann U, Magnusson M. IDO1 and TGF-β Mediate Protective Effects of IFN-α in Antigen-Induced Arthritis. J Immunol 2016; 197:3142-3151. [PMID: 27647832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IFN-α prevents Ag-induced arthritis (AIA), and in this study we investigated the role of IDO1 and TGF-β signaling for this anti-inflammatory property of IFN-α. Arthritis was induced by methylated BSA (mBSA) in mBSA-sensitized wild-type (WT), Ido1-/-, or Ifnar-/- mice, treated or not with IFN-α or the IDO1 product kynurenine (Kyn). Enzymatic IDO1 activity, TGF-β, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were neutralized by 1-methyltryptophan and Abs against TGF-β and pDC, respectively. IDO1 expression was determined by RT-PCR, Western blot, and FACS, and enzymatic activity by HPLC. Proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and TGF-β by RT-PCR and ELISA. WT but not Ido1-/- mice were protected from AIA by IFN-α, and Kyn, the main IDO1 product, also prevented AIA, both in WT and Ifnar-/- mice. Protective treatment with IFN-α increased the expression of IDO1 in pDC during AIA, and Ab-mediated depletion of pDC, either during mBSA sensitization or after triggering of arthritis, completely abrogated the protective effect of IFN-α. IFN-α treatment also increased the enzymatic IDO1 activity (Kyn/tryptophan ratio), which in turn activated production of TGF-β. Neutralization of enzymatic IDO1 activity or TGF-β signaling blocked the protective effect of IFN-α against AIA, but only during sensitization and not after triggering of arthritis. Likewise, inhibition of the IDO1 enzymatic activity in the sensitization phase, but not after triggering of arthritis, subdued the IFN-α-induced inhibition of mBSA-induced proliferation. In conclusion, presence of IFN-α at Ag sensitization activates an IDO1/TGF-β-dependent anti-inflammatory program that upon antigenic rechallenge prevents inflammation via pDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Prakash Chalise
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden;
| | | | - Sudeep Chenna Narendra
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Björn Carlsson
- Division of Drug Research, Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden; and
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Joanitah Namale
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Louis Boon
- EPIRUS Biopharmaceuticals Netherlands BV, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity, and Immune Regulation, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
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Mondanelli G, Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Albini E, Volpi C, Grohmann U. Reinstalling immune regulatory tryptophan catabolism in juvenile diabetes via interleukin 6 receptor blockade. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.70.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a potent immunoregulatory enzyme that catalyses the degradation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) along the kynurenines pathway. Significant changes in systemic Trp catabolism have been reported in many diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. In female nonobese (NOD) mice, IDO1 expression and hence immune tolerance to pancreatic b-cell autoantigens are defective in conventional dendritic cells stimulated with IFN-γ, the main IDO1 inducer. Although the evidences in NOD mice suggest that IDO1 function is impaired, the existence of the IDO1 defect in human T1D (type 1 diabetes) has not been proven yet. Here we monitored the IDO1 expression and activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with T1D as compare to age-matched control subject, in response to IFN- γ. Results from kynurenines assay and Western blot analysis demonstrate that the majority of patients with T1D is characterized by defective Trp catabolism. Moreover, our data indicated that this defect is mainly imputable to a SOCS3-mediated, dysregulated IL-6 signaling that would favor IDO1 proteasomal degradation in inflammatory environments, i.e. dominated by IFN-γ. To confirm this, we measured IDO1 expression and activity in PBMCs co-incubated with IFN-γ and Tocilizumab (TCZ), a licensed IL-6 receptor blocker. Results showed that TCZ is able to restore normal levels of IDO1 catalytic activity in response to IFN-γ in approximately 30% of the examined T1D population. Besides further confirming the heterogeneity of the disease, our data indicate the existence of a subset of individuals with T1D who may gain clinical benefit in restoring immunoregulatory mechanisms by treatment with tocilizumab.
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Orabona C, Albini E, Mondanelli G, Volpi C, Pallotta MT, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. IDO1-targeting intervention by proteasome inhibition in autoimmune diabetes. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.70.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a metabolic enzyme involved in the catabolism of tryptophan. Its metabolic activity has become pivotal in the regulation of the immune responses. The functional expression of IDO1 enzyme confers a tolerogenic phenotype to different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs). Our previous data suggested a defective IDO1 expression in a prediabetic phase of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a prototypic model of human type 1 diabetes. Based on the recent finding that IDO1 may be subjected to regulatory proteolysis, which is triggered by IL-6 and mediated by the immunoproteasome, this pathway was explored in splenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) of NOD mice. The in vitro conditioning of murine NOD pDCs with the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib, increased the functional expression of IDO1 enzyme, conferring those cells an immunoregulatory phenotype that is strongly inhibited for presenting in vivo the diabetogenic antigen IGRP, an effect accompanied by increased IGRP-specific regulatory T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. The inhibition of IDO1 by 1-methyl tryptophan (MT) completely abolished the immunoregulatory effect of Bortezomib in NOD pDCs, indicating the involvement of the enzyme. Moreover, the pharmacologic treatment of NOD female mice with Bortezomib during prediabetic phase (8–10 weeks old) prevented the onset of hyperglycemia, reducing the diabetes incidence. Overall, our data suggest that the control of proteasomal degradation in pDCs may represent an innovative strategy for inducing/potentiating IDO1-mediated immunoregulation in autoimmune diabetes.
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Volpi C, Mondanelli G, Pallotta MT, Vacca C, Iacono A, Gargaro M, Albini E, Bianchi R, Belladonna ML, Celanire S, Mordant C, Heroux M, Royer-Urios I, Schneider M, Vitte PA, Cacquevel M, Galibert L, Poli SM, Solari A, Bicciato S, Calvitti M, Antognelli C, Puccetti P, Orabona C, Fallarino F, Grohmann U. Allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 activates IDO1-dependent, immunoregulatory signaling in dendritic cells. Neuropharmacology 2015; 102:59-71. [PMID: 26522434 PMCID: PMC4720030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) possesses immune modulatory properties in vivo, such that a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the receptor confers protection on mice with relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RR-EAE). ADX88178 is a newly-developed, one such mGluR4 modulator with high selectivity, potency, and optimized pharmacokinetics. Here we found that application of ADX88178 in the RR-EAE model system converted disease into a form of mild—yet chronic—neuroinflammation that remained stable for over two months after discontinuing drug treatment. In vitro, ADX88178 modulated the cytokine secretion profile of dendritic cells (DCs), increasing production of tolerogenic IL-10 and TGF-β. The in vitro effects required activation of a Gi-independent, alternative signaling pathway that involved phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), Src kinase, and the signaling activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). A PI3K inhibitor as well as small interfering RNA targeting Ido1—but not pertussis toxin, which affects Gi protein-dependent responses—abrogated the tolerogenic effects of ADX88178-conditioned DCs in vivo. Thus our data indicate that, in DCs, highly selective and potent mGluR4 PAMs such as ADX88178 may activate a Gi-independent, long-lived regulatory pathway that could be therapeutically exploited in chronic autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. ADX88178, a selective mGluR4 PAM, exerts long-term therapeutic effects in RR-EAE. ADX88178 activates a noncanonical mGluR4 signaling in DCs. ADX88178 induces a tolerogenic functional phenotype in DCs via immunoregulatory IDO1. Highly selective mGluR4 PAMs may represent novel drugs in chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sylvain Celanire
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mordant
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Madeleine Heroux
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Royer-Urios
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Schneider
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Vitte
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Cacquevel
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Galibert
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonia-Maria Poli
- Addex Therapeutics, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228, Plans les Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Solari
- Department of Economics, Management, and Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, Via G. Campi 287, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Antognelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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43
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Matino D, Gargaro M, Santagostino E, Di Minno MND, Castaman G, Morfini M, Rocino A, Mancuso ME, Di Minno G, Coppola A, Talesa VN, Volpi C, Vacca C, Orabona C, Iannitti R, Mazzucconi MG, Santoro C, Tosti A, Chiappalupi S, Sorci G, Tagariello G, Belvini D, Radossi P, Landolfi R, Fuchs D, Boon L, Pirro M, Marchesini E, Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Iorio A, Fallarino F. IDO1 suppresses inhibitor development in hemophilia A treated with factor VIII. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:3766-81. [PMID: 26426076 DOI: 10.1172/jci81859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) is a major obstacle in using this clotting factor to treat individuals with hemophilia A. Patients with a congenital absence of FVIII do not develop central tolerance to FVIII, and therefore, any control of their FVIII-reactive lymphocytes relies upon peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key regulatory enzyme that supports Treg function and peripheral tolerance in adult life. Here, we investigated the association between IDO1 competence and inhibitor status by evaluating hemophilia A patients harboring F8-null mutations that were either inhibitor negative (n = 50) or positive (n = 50). We analyzed IDO1 induction, expression, and function for any relationship with inhibitor occurrence by multivariable logistic regression and determined that defective TLR9-mediated activation of IDO1 induction is associated with an inhibitor-positive status. Evaluation of experimental hemophilic mouse models with or without functional IDO1 revealed that tryptophan metabolites, which result from IDO1 activity, prevent generation of anti-FVIII antibodies. Moreover, treatment of hemophilic animals with a TLR9 agonist suppressed FVIII-specific B cells by a mechanism that involves IDO1-dependent induction of Tregs. Together, these findings indicate that strategies aimed at improving IDO1 function should be further explored for preventing or eradicating inhibitors to therapeutically administered FVIII protein.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytokines/blood
- Dendritic Cells/enzymology
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Factor VIII/immunology
- Factor VIII/therapeutic use
- Hemophilia A/drug therapy
- Hemophilia A/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/blood
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/physiology
- Isoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Isoantibodies/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Animal
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/therapeutic use
- Plasma Cells/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/physiology
- Tryptophan/metabolism
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44
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Romani R, Pirisinu I, Calvitti M, Pallotta MT, Gargaro M, Bistoni G, Vacca C, Di Michele A, Orabona C, Rosati J, Pirro M, Giovagnoli S, Matino D, Prontera P, Rosi G, Grohmann U, Talesa VN, Donti E, Puccetti P, Fallarino F. Stem cells from human amniotic fluid exert immunoregulatory function via secreted indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase1. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1593-605. [PMID: 25783564 PMCID: PMC4511357 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human amniotic fluid does contain different populations of foetal-derived stem cells, scanty information is available on the stemness and the potential immunomodulatory activity of in vitro expanded, amniotic fluid stem cells. By means of a methodology unrequiring immune selection, we isolated and characterized different stem cell types from second-trimester human amniotic fluid samples (human amniotic fluid stem cells, HASCs). Of those populations, one was characterized by a fast doubling time, and cells were thus designated as fHASCs. Cells maintained their original phenotype under prolonged in vitro passaging, and they were able to originate embryoid bodies. Moreover, fHASCs exhibited regulatory properties when treated with interferon (IFN)-γ, including induction of the immunomodulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). On coculture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, IFN-γ-treated fHASCs caused significantly decreased T-cell proliferation and increased frequency in CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells. Both effects required an intact IDO1 function and were cell contact-independent. An unprecedented finding in our study was that purified vesicles from IFN-γ-treated fHASCs abundantly expressed the functional IDO1 protein, and those vesicles were endowed with an fHASC-like regulatory function. In vivo, fHASCs were capable of immunoregulatory function, promoting allograft survival in a mouse model of allogeneic skin transplantation. This was concurrent with the expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T cells in graft-draining lymph nodes from recipient mice. Thus fHASCs, or vesicles thereof, may represent a novel opportunity for immunoregulatory maneuvers both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Irene Pirisinu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Hospital Universitario de la RiberaValencia, Spain
- Department of Surgery, ‘La Sapienza’ UniversityRome, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | | | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Jessica Rosati
- iPS-Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, MendelRome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rosi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Emilio Donti
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of PerugiaPerugia, Italy
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45
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Grohmann U, Puccetti P. The Coevolution of IDO1 and AhR in the Emergence of Regulatory T-Cells in Mammals. Front Immunol 2015; 6:58. [PMID: 25729384 PMCID: PMC4325913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy ; Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
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46
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Nuti R, Gargaro M, Matino D, Dolciami D, Grohmann U, Puccetti P, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A. Ligand Binding and Functional Selectivity of l-Tryptophan Metabolites at the Mouse Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (mAhR). J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3373-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ci5005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Nuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Dolciami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Experimental
Medicine, Università di Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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47
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Fallarino F, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Gargaro M, Orabona C, Vacca C, Mondanelli G, Allegrucci M, Boon L, Romani R, Talesa VN, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. LPS-conditioned dendritic cells confer endotoxin tolerance contingent on tryptophan catabolism. Immunobiology 2014; 220:315-21. [PMID: 25278421 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells with a bipolar nature. Depending on environmental factors, DCs will promote either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and a most potent proinflammatory stimulus, is responsible for complex signaling events in different cell types, including DCs. LPS effects range from protective inflammation-capable of counteracting growth and dissemination of gram-negative bacteria - to hyperacute detrimental responses, as it occurs in endotoxic shock. Consistent with the plasticity of TLR4 signaling, a low dosage of LPS will induce a regulatory response capable of protecting mice against a subsequent, otherwise lethal challenge ('endotoxin tolerance'). By examining CD11c(+) DCs ('conventional' DCs, or cDCs), we investigated whether DC flexibility in promoting either inflammation or tolerance can be differentially affected by single vs. repeated exposure to LPS in vitro. cDCs stimulated twice with LPS expressed high levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) - one of the most effective mediator of anti-inflammatory activity by DCs - and of TGF-β, an immunoregulatory cytokine capable of upregulating IDO1 expression and function. In contrast, a single exposure to LPS failed to upregulate IDO1, and it was instead associated with high-level production of IL-6, a cytokine that promotes inflammation and proteolysis of IDO1. When adoptively transferred in vivo, only cDCs on double endotoxin exposure greatly improved the outcome of an otherwise lethal LPS challenge. The protective effect required that the transferred cDCs be fully competent for IDO1 and the host for TGF-β production. Thus cDCs, conditioned by LPS in vitro to mimic an endotoxin-tolerant state, can protect recipients from endotoxic shock, pointing to adoptive transfer of tolerance as a new option for controlling potentially harmful responses to TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegrucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Rita Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Bioceros, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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48
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Bessede A, Gargaro M, Pallotta MT, Matino D, Servillo G, Brunacci C, Bicciato S, Mazza EMC, Macchiarulo A, Vacca C, Iannitti R, Tissi L, Volpi C, Belladonna ML, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Lanz TV, Platten M, Della Fazia MA, Piobbico D, Zelante T, Funakoshi H, Nakamura T, Gilot D, Denison MS, Guillemin GJ, DuHadaway JB, Prendergast GC, Metz R, Geffard M, Boon L, Pirro M, Iorio A, Veyret B, Romani L, Grohmann U, Fallarino F, Puccetti P. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor control of a disease tolerance defence pathway. Nature 2014; 511:184-90. [PMID: 24930766 DOI: 10.1038/nature13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disease tolerance is the ability of the host to reduce the effect of infection on host fitness. Analysis of disease tolerance pathways could provide new approaches for treating infections and other inflammatory diseases. Typically, an initial exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a state of refractoriness to further LPS challenge (endotoxin tolerance). We found that a first exposure of mice to LPS activated the ligand-operated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the hepatic enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, which provided an activating ligand to the former, to downregulate early inflammatory gene expression. However, on LPS rechallenge, AhR engaged in long-term regulation of systemic inflammation only in the presence of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). AhR-complex-associated Src kinase activity promoted IDO1 phosphorylation and signalling ability. The resulting endotoxin-tolerant state was found to protect mice against immunopathology in Gram-negative and Gram-positive infections, pointing to a role for AhR in contributing to host fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Bessede
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2] IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France [3]
| | - Marco Gargaro
- 1] Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy [2]
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Davide Matino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Brunacci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emilia M C Mazza
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rossana Iannitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Tissi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tobias V Lanz
- 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- 1] Experimental Neuroimmunology Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany [2] Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria A Della Fazia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Danilo Piobbico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Hiroshi Funakoshi
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, 078-8510 Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- Kringle Pharma Joint Research Division for Regenerative Drug Discovery, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - David Gilot
- CNRS UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, 95616 California, USA
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine (ASAM), Macquarie University, 2109 New South Wales, Australia
| | - James B DuHadaway
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, 19096 Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Richard Metz
- New Link Genetics Corporation, Ames, 50010 Iowa, USA
| | - Michel Geffard
- IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfonso Iorio
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Bernard Veyret
- IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Bianchi R, Vacca C, Fallarino F, Belladonna ML, Volpi C, Mondanelli G, Gargaro M, Allegrucci M, Talesa VN, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Forced IDO1 expression in dendritic cells restores immunoregulatory signalling in autoimmune diabetes. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:2082-91. [PMID: 25215657 PMCID: PMC4193887 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1), a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme, is recognized as an authentic regulator of immunity in several physiopathologic conditions. We have recently demonstrated that IDO1 does not merely degrade tryptophan and produce immunoregulatory kynurenines, but it also acts as a signal-transducing molecule, independently of its enzymic function. IDO1 signalling activity is triggered in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an event that requires the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and induces long-lasting IDO1 expression and autocrine TGF-β production in a positive feedback loop, thus sustaining a stably regulatory phenotype in pDCs. IDO1 expression and catalytic function are defective in pDCs from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a prototypic model of autoimmune diabetes. In the present study, we found that TGF-β failed to activate IDO1 signalling function as well as up-regulate IDO1 expression in NOD pDCs. Moreover, TGF-β-treated pDCs failed to exert immunosuppressive properties in vivo. Nevertheless, transfection of NOD pDCs with Ido1 prior to TGF-β treatment resulted in activation of the Ido1 promoter and induction of non-canonical NF-κB and TGF-β, as well as decreased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Overexpression of IDO1 in TGF-β-treated NOD pDCs also resulted in pDC ability to suppress the in vivo presentation of a pancreatic β-cell auto-antigen. Thus, our data suggest that a correction of IDO1 expression may restore its dual function and thus represent a proper therapeutic manoeuvre in this autoimmune setting.
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Bock F, Rössner S, Onderka J, Lechmann M, Pallotta MT, Fallarino F, Boon L, Nicolette C, DeBenedette MA, Tcherepanova IY, Grohmann U, Steinkasserer A, Cursiefen C, Zinser E. Topical application of soluble CD83 induces IDO-mediated immune modulation, increases Foxp3+ T cells, and prolongs allogeneic corneal graft survival. J Immunol 2013; 191:1965-75. [PMID: 23851696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses is one of the main research aims in transplant immunology. In this study, we investigate the local immunomodulatory properties of soluble CD83 (sCD83) at the graft-host interface using the high-risk corneal transplantation model. In this model, which mimics the inflammatory status and the preexisting vascularization of high-risk patients undergoing corneal transplantation, allogeneic donor corneas are transplanted onto sCD83-treated recipient animals. This model allows the direct and precise application of the immune modulator at the transplantation side. Interestingly, sCD83 was able to prolong graft survival after systemic application as well as after topical application, which is therapeutically more relevant. The therapeutic effect was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of regulatory T cells and was mediated by the immune-regulatory enzyme IDO and TGF-β. In vitro, sCD83 induced long-term IDO expression in both conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells via autocrine or paracrine production of TGF-β, a cytokine previously shown to be an essential mediator of IDO-dependent, long-term tolerance. These findings open new treatment avenues for local immune modulation after organ and tissue transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Ophthalmic
- Allografts
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Corneal Transplantation
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Graft Enhancement, Immunologic
- Graft Survival
- Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulins/immunology
- Immunoglobulins/therapeutic use
- Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage
- Immunologic Factors/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/biosynthesis
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/physiology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Premedication
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/administration & dosage
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/therapeutic use
- Transplantation Tolerance/drug effects
- CD83 Antigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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