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Makishi N, Miyazato K, Tokuda Y, Inafuku T. Cancer-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case report with literature review. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2024; 64:564-571. [PMID: 39069489 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is one of autoimmune inflammatory diseases and is characterized by area postrema syndrome, brainstem syndrome, optic neuritis, and/or myelitis. Typical myelitis is longitudinally extended transverse myelitis (LETM) which extends over three vertebral bodies. Several previous case reports have suggested association between cancer and NMOSD. A 50-year-old woman had breast cancer and underwent mastectomy and, 10 months later, she had developed acutely progressive dysbasia. Spine MRI showed LETM in 13 vertebrae length and blood test revealed positive anti-aquaporin 4 (anti-AQP4) antibody based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with index of over 40. She was treated by intravenous methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, followed by oral prednisolone. The condition had mostly recovered after the treatment. A small population of NMOSD has the aspect of paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. The age of onset in patients with cancer-associated NMOSD tends to be higher than that in individuals with NMOSD due to any causes of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Makishi
- Department of Neurology, Urasoe General Hospital
- Present Address: Department of Neurology, Musashino Hospital
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Liu P, Wang S, Zhang C, Li Y. Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with ovarian dysgerminoma: a case report and literature review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1424243. [PMID: 38947316 PMCID: PMC11211867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1424243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by attacks of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. We report a case with paraneoplastic NMOSD that improved after immunosuppressive therapy, surgical resection, and chemotherapy. A 48-year-old woman initially presented with gradual binocular visual loss over the course of one week. The patient was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), visual evoked potential (VEP), pathological biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and autoimmune antibody testing. The brain MRI findings were normal. The VEP revealed prolonged P100 latencies in the right eye and an absence of significant waves in the left eye. Positive serum AQP4-IgG antibodies were found. The patient was diagnosed as NMOSD. Then the patient responded well to treatment with methylprednisolone. An ovarian tumor was found in the patient using abdominal MRI and CT. The tumor was surgically resected, and a pathological biopsy revealed that it was ovarian dysgerminoma. The patient received four rounds of chemotherapy after surgery. One month after the final chemotherapy treatment, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed no tumor. The vision of the patient gradually recovered and serum AQP4 was negative. Furthermore, we summarized the characteristics of patients diagnosed with paraneoplastic NMOSD associated with ovarian neoplasms in previous studies. This is a characteristic case of overlapping NMOSD and ovarian dysgerminoma, demonstrating the importance of tumor therapy in cases of paraneoplastic NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Shuangying Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang, China
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Iorio R, Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic autoimmune neurologic disorders associated with thymoma. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:385-396. [PMID: 38494291 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Thymoma is often associated with paraneoplastic neurologic diseases. Neural autoantibody testing is an important tool aiding diagnosis of thymoma and its autoimmune neurologic complications. Autoantibodies specific for muscle striational antigens and ion channels of the ligand-gated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor superfamily are the most prevalent biomarkers. The autoimmune neurologic disorders associating most commonly with thymoma are myasthenia gravis (MG), peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (neuromyotonia and Morvan syndrome), dysautonomia, and encephalitis. Patients presenting with these neurologic disorders should be screened for thymoma at diagnosis. Although they can cause profound disability, they usually respond to immunotherapy and treatment of the thymoma. Worsening of the neurologic disorder following surgical removal of a thymoma may herald tumor recurrence. Prompt recognition of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders is critical for patient management. A multidisciplinary approach is required for optimal management of neurologic autoimmunity associated with thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Iorio
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vanda A Lennon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Waters P, Mills JR, Fox H. Evolution of methods to detect paraneoplastic antibodies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:113-130. [PMID: 38494273 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
An adaptive immune response in less than 1% of people who develop cancer produces antibodies against neuronal proteins. These antibodies can be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, and their accurate detection should instigate a search for a specific cancer. Over the years, multiple systems, from indirect immunofluorescence to live cell-based assays, have been developed to identify these antibodies. As the specific antigens were identified, high throughput, multi-antigen substrates such as line blots and ELISAs were developed for clinical laboratories. However, the evolution of assays required to identify antibodies to membrane targets has shone a light on the importance of antigen conformation for antibody detection. This chapter discusses the early antibody assays used to detect antibodies to nuclear and cytosolic targets and how new approaches are required to detect antibodies to membrane targets. The chapter presents recent data that support international recommendations against the sole use of line blots for antibody detection and highlights a new antigen-specific approach that appears promising for the detection of submembrane targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Waters
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - John R Mills
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hannah Fox
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hyun JW, Park NY, Kim MJ, Kim H, Kim KH, Kim SH, Kim HJ. Aquaporin-4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a paraneoplastic context. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120825. [PMID: 37813018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin-G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG-NMOSD) and cancer via a plausible immunological response has been reported. Here, we investigated the frequency of cancer in a large cohort of patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD. METHODS Between May 2005 and January 2023, patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD and a history of cancer were included by searching for diagnostic codes of both NMOSD and cancer in the electronic medical records and/or reviewing the database of the National Cancer Center registry of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Probable paraneoplastic AQP4-IgG-NMOSD was defined according to the 2021 Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome. RESULTS Of 371 patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, 23 (6.2%) had a history of cancer and four (1.1%) experienced NMOSD in a paraneoplastic context. Among the four patients with probable paraneoplastic AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, the types of cancer were lung (1 adenocarcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma) and colorectal (2 adenocarcinomas). In three patients, the first NMOSD symptoms developed after a cancer diagnosis (median, 8 months [range, 4-23]), and one patient's symptoms preceded the cancer diagnosis (6 months). Compared to the 367 non-paraneoplastic patients, those in the paraneoplastic context had an older age at onset (median: 59.5 vs. 37 years, p = 0.012) and a higher proportion of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as an initial manifestation (4/4[100%] vs. 130/367[35.4%], p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, the frequency of cancer was low. Older age, LETM features at onset, and adenocarcinoma as the histological type were usually observed in patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD in a paraneoplastic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Hyun
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Hurtubise B, Frohman EM, Galetta S, Balcer LJ, Frohman TC, Lisak RP, Newsome SD, Graves JS, Zamvil SS, Amezcua L. MOG Antibody-Associated Disease and Thymic Hyperplasia: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2023; 10:e200077. [PMID: 36517233 PMCID: PMC9753285 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently described CNS inflammatory disorder that may manifest with optic neuritis, myelitis, seizures, and/or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. While MOG-specific antibodies in patients with MOGAD are IgG1, a T-cell-dependent antibody isotype, immunologic mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood. Thymic hyperplasia can be associated with certain autoimmune diseases. In this report we describe a case of MOGAD associated with thymic hyperplasia in a young adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hurtubise
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elliot M Frohman
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven Galetta
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Laura J Balcer
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Teresa C Frohman
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert P Lisak
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott D Newsome
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jennifer S Graves
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco.
| | - Lilyana Amezcua
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
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Eba S, Nishiyama S, Notsuda H, Oishi H, Noda M, Aoki M, Okada Y. Development of Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica after Lung Resection in a Patient with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 29:49-52. [PMID: 34690217 PMCID: PMC9939678 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.cr.21-00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological paraneoplastic syndrome is a relatively rare condition in patients with malignant tumors. Recently, it has been reported that anti-Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody is highly specific for neuromyelitis optica. The patient was a 76-year-old man. He underwent right upper lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Although the immediate postoperative course was uneventful, neurological symptoms became apparent from postoperative day (POD) 4. Magnetic resonance imaging showed longitudinally extended edematous lesions in the spinal cord, and a cerebrospinal fluid examination was positive for anti-AQP4 antibody, leading to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica. Despite multiple rounds of steroid pulse therapy and plasma exchange, the neurological symptoms worsened and the patient died on POD 46. The development of neuromyelitis optica in the early postoperative period could be related to the influence of surgical stress or epidural anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Eba
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,Corresponding author: Shunsuke Eba, MD, PhD. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Notsuda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and temporally detected neoplasms: case report and systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104212. [PMID: 36242805 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of reports on associations between neoplasms and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been published over the past decade. However, types of neoplasms and temporal relationships have not been widely studied. OBJECTIVE To report cases and determine the associations between neoplasms and NMOSD. METHOD A retrospective chart review of possible paraneoplastic NMOSD patients at a university hospital was performed. Articles related to "neoplasm" and "NMOSD" were systematically searched and reviewed. We included aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-seropositive NMOSD patients whose onset of NMOSD and cancer diagnosis or recurrence were within 24 months of one another. Temporal relationship, types of neoplasms involved, treatments, and outcomes of both NMOSD and neoplasms were determined. The subgroup analysis was based on the AQP4 expression of neoplasm histology. RESULTS We identified 3 cases (1.3%) from a cohort of 224 AQP4-IgG-seropositive NMOSD at our hospital and retrieved 68 cases from a systematic review, totaling 71 cases of possible paraneoplastic NMOSD. The median age at onset of NMOSD was 55 (IQR 41-64) years. Eighty percent were female. The most frequently identified types of neoplasms were lung and breast, accounting for 21.1% and 18.3%, respectively. The other tumor types were ovarian tumors and hematologic malignancy, both at 12.7%. The most commonly identified tissue histology was adenocarcinoma (52.1%). We also reported the first case of melanoma in an NMOSD patient. Twenty-eight patients (39.4%) were diagnosed with cancer before the onset of NMOSD with a median duration of 9.5 (range 1-24) months. Of those, eight patients had NMOSD after surgical removal of neoplasms, and one patient had NMOSD after radiotherapy of prostate adenocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients (32.4%) had NMOSD before cancer diagnosis by a median of 3 (range 1-24) months, and the rest were diagnosed concurrently during the same admission. Three cases were diagnosed with NMOSD around the time of tumor recurrence. Tumor tissue expressed AQP4 in 82.4%. CONCLUSION A small proportion of AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD is associated with malignancy. In newly diagnosed NMOSD patients without symptoms of neoplasms, screening for age- and risk-appropriate cancer should be recommended, similar to the general population. The occurrence of NMOSD in cancer patients might suggest tumor recurrence.
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Dinoto A, Borin GU, Campana G, Carta S, Ferrari S, Mariotto S. Investigating paraneoplastic aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder through a data-driven approach. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:3466-3472. [PMID: 35767391 PMCID: PMC9796285 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin-4 IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG NMOSD) might occur in association with cancer. According to diagnostic criteria, a probable paraneoplastic NMOSD can be diagnosed only in patients with isolated myelitis and adenocarcinoma or tumors expressing AQP4. The aim of this study was to explore the features of paraneoplastic NMOSD through a data-driven approach. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed. Patients with AQP4-IgG positivity in association with tumor in the absence of history of checkpoint inhibitors administration/central nervous system metastases were included. Demographic, clinical, and oncological data were collected. A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed and data were compared between resulting clusters. RESULTS A total of 1333 records were screened; 46 studies (72 patients) fulfilled inclusion criteria. Median age was 54 (14-87) years; adenocarcinoma occurred in 41.7% of patients, and 44% of cases had multifocal index events. Cancer and NMOSD usually co-occurred. HCA classified patients in three clusters that differed in terms of isolated/multifocal attacks, optic neuritis, pediatric onset, and type of underlying tumor. Age, time from neoplasm to NMOSD onset, and tumor AQP4 staining did not differ between clusters. CONCLUSIONS Our data-driven approach reveals that paraneoplastic NMOSD does not present a homogeneous phenotype nor peculiar features. Accordingly, cancer screening may be useful in AQP4-IgG NMOSD regardless of age and clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dinoto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Giovanni Umberto Borin
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Giulia Campana
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Sara Carta
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Sergio Ferrari
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
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Minomo S, Ichijo M, Shimizu F, Sato R, Kanda T, Takai Y, Misu T, Sakurai Y, Amino T, Kamata T. Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Related to Glucose-regulated Protein 78 (GRP78) Autoantibodies in a Patient with Lynch Syndrome-associated Colorectal Cancer. Intern Med 2022. [PMID: 36288992 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9783-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders have been previously reported in a paraneoplastic context, although there is no clear consensus on their pathogenesis. We herein report a case of aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a 64-year-old woman with colorectal cancer. She underwent tumor resection, resulting in serum aquaporin-4 antibody titers subsequently becoming negative. Serum samples were also positive for glucose-regulated protein 78 antibody, which has recently been suggested to be a novel factor in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Serological and pathological investigations in this case highlight the role and involvement of aquaporin-4 and glucose-regulated protein 78 antibodies in paraneoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Minomo
- Department of Neurology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ichijo
- Department of Neurology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Takai
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakurai
- Department of Neurology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Takeshi Amino
- Department of Neurology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kamata
- Department of Neurology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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11
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Carrillo P, Gorría T, Santana D, Sepulveda M, Aldecoa I, Gonzalez-Farré B, Sanfeliu E, Mension E, Cebrecos I, Martínez-Saez O, Alonso I, Saiz A. Aquaporin-4-Positive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Presenting with Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Biomed Hub 2022; 7:11-16. [PMID: 35223873 PMCID: PMC8832250 DOI: 10.1159/000521578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory central nervous system disorder that preferentially affects the optic nerve and the spinal cord. Although NMOSD is more commonly an idiopathic autoimmune condition associated with antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG, the disease may also occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome in rare instances. In these cases, the expression of AQP4 by the tumor is likely the trigger of the autoimmune response. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with progressive tetraparesis, cranial involvement, respiratory failure, and spinal cord MRI compatible with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, few days after being diagnosed with a T3N1M0 triple-negative right breast cancer. Due to the history of concurrent breast cancer and after ruling out metastatic spinal cord involvement, the possibility of a paraneoplastic origin was raised. AQP4-IgG were found in the serum and CSF by cell-based assay, confirming the diagnosis of NMOSD. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and rituximab. Concomitantly, breast cancer therapy was started with an adapted neoadjuvant chemotherapy scheme based on carboplatin and paclitaxel. An initial slight improvement slowed down; so, a right mastectomy with lymphadenectomy was performed. Expression of AQP4 was demonstrated in the tumor. The patient presented a significant neurological improvement after combined treatment regaining muscular balance and strength in upper and lower extremities. CONCLUSION NMOSD may have a paraneoplastic origin associated with breast cancer and the importance of its early detection since the combination of tumoral and immunosuppressive therapy may improve the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carrillo
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Gorría
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Santana
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sepulveda
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Pathology of Inflammatory Conditions and Solid Tumours, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Gonzalez-Farré
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Sanfeliu
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Mension
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Cebrecos
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Saez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona and Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Alonso
- Institute Clinic of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- Neurology Service, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Ding M, Lang Y, Cui L. AQP4-IgG positive paraneoplastic NMOSD: A case report and review. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2282. [PMID: 34520629 PMCID: PMC8553315 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD; also known as Devic syndrome) is a clinical syndrome of central nervous system characterized by immune mediated attacks of acute optic neuritis and myelitis. Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome is a group of nervous system disorders resulting from the remote immune effects of malignant neoplasm. NMOSD occurs mostly in young people, and tumor is not a common cause, especially recurrent tumor. METHODS We reported a case of a 59-year-old man who developed anti-aquaporin-4 IgG positive longitudinally extensive myelitis. We also summarized and analyzed previously reported cases of paraneoplastic NMOSD. RESULTS Among these 43 patients, 88.4% patients are female. The largest number of patients is between 60 and 69 years old. Breast cancer and lung cancer are the most common types. The most common lesions were located in the cervicothoracic region with patchy gadolinium enhancement. The existing treatment can only delay rather than stop the progress of the disease. CONCLUSION It is necessary to perform tumor screening in patients with NMOSD, especially patients over 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqiu Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
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13
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Böcskei Z, Viinikka E, Dormegny L, Bigaut K, Speeg C. [Paraneoplastic ophthalmopathies]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 45:119-136. [PMID: 34598825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ocular paraneoplastic syndromes are rare conditions that can affect any part of the eye at any age. Thus, every ophthalmologist should be familiar with their management, as some of them may reveal severe, life-threatening conditions. These consist overwhelmingly of neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, affecting the optic nerve (paraneoplastic optic neuritis), retina (paraneoplastic retinopathy) or neurological pathways generating eye movements (saccadic intrusion, oculomotor palsy, nystagmus...); occasionally, they involve the anterior segment, orbit or uveal tract. As some of these manifestations appear to be quite common and non-specific, any systemic or especially neurologic comorbidities should increase suspicion. Treatment relies first on oncologic management, and then often more targeted therapy for the associated immune involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Böcskei
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, quai Louis-Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Service de neurologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, avenue de Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
| | - E Viinikka
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, quai Louis-Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - L Dormegny
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, quai Louis-Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - K Bigaut
- Service de neurologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, avenue de Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Speeg
- Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, quai Louis-Pasteur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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14
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Shahmohammadi S, Doosti R, Shahmohammadi A, Azimi A, Sahraian MA, Fattahi MR, Naser Moghadasi A. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with cancer: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 56:103227. [PMID: 34536774 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
NMOSD: is a disease shown to be highly associated with other diseases such as autoimmune diseases. There are a few reports of this association with cancer. So, this systematic review aimed to obtain a broad understanding on the cancers associated in NMOSD, including the source of common perceptions and assumptions in this regard. METHODS in this study, we systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, Proquest, Ovid, conference proceedings, and reference lists of the retrieved articles. All NMOSD cases who met the last version of criteria for its diagnosis, which reported the patients with a history of cancer before or after the onset of neurological symptoms without time limitations, and those who were referred as paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica in articles published in English language (both the abstract & full text), were assessed. Finally, each study was critically appraised. RESULTS Only 47 studies met the inclusion criteria, so they were assessed for qualitative synthesis. Considering the Euro network criteria, only 62 cases met this issue. The mean age of 52.21 ± 17.14 and 52.16 ± 17.21 was reported for cancer and NMOSD cases with female predominance (79%), respectively. The most reported organ in the cancer population were genitourinary (n = 14, 22.3%), breast (n = 12, 19.4%), lung (n = 12, 19.3%), gastrointestinal (n = 7, 11.3%), and hematology (n = 6, 9.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION In older NMOSD patients without suspicious symptoms, we recommend paying more attention to lung, breast and genitourinary (especially ovary) cancer screening. Also, cancer resection had positive effect on the attack numbers after receiving treatment and NMOSD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Shahmohammadi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Doosti
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abootorab Shahmohammadi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Azimi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Fattahi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case series. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:2519-2522. [PMID: 33506301 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are rare idiopathic autoimmune diseases, presenting with optic neuritis (ON), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), and brainstem syndromes and a prevalence range between 0.5 and 4/100,000. Only 3% to 25% of NMOSD have been described as a paraneoplastic (PN) syndrome (PNNMOSD). Both idiopathic NMOSD (INMOSD) and PNNMOSD cases mostly affect females, but PNNMOSD usually presents with a spinal cord or brainstem involvement in elderly patients. Few cases of both malignancies (for the majority breast or lung cancer) and benign tumors (monoclonal gammopathy) were previously reported. Currently, there is no consensus on treatment approach for PNNMOSD (only surgical removal or surgery combined with chronic immunosuppression). Here, we present a series of three newly diagnosed PNNMOSD cases, who differ from each other for demographic and clinical features, tumor association, long-term treatment, and outcome. We propose that a PN etiology should be considered always whenever a new diagnosis of NMOSD is made, not only in patients over 50 years old or in spinal cord/brainstem lesions presentations. Our findings add to existing evidence and raise awareness on PNNMOSD. We enhance the importance for the clinicians of recognizing tumor symptoms and signs whenever a NMOSD is newly diagnosed.
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16
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Dinoto A, Bosco A, Sartori A, Bratina A, Bellavita G, Pasquin F, Cheli M, Manganotti P. Hiccups, severe vomiting and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in a patient with prostatic adenocarcinoma and Aquaporin-4 antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577488. [PMID: 33498007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is not defined as a classical paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, however there are growing evidences that NMOSD may be rarely associated with cancer. Older (>45 years old) male patients with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) or patients with "area postrema" syndrome (intractable vomiting and hiccups) at onset are at higher risk for neoplasm-associated NMOSD. We report the case of 79-years old man who developed, a month after radiotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma, an area postrema syndrome rapidly followed by a LETM involving the whole spinal cord (from C2 to the conus). Aquaporin-4-IgG antibodies were positive in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dinoto
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Arianna Sartori
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessio Bratina
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bellavita
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Pasquin
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marta Cheli
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447 - 34149 Trieste, Italy
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17
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Zhang YH, Cheng YH, Cai G, Zhang YJ. Expression and significance of aquaporin-4 in thyroid carcinoma. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102726. [PMID: 33418309 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in thyroid carcinoma (TC) and explore its clinical significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens including 275 TC cancer tissues, 258 corresponding paracancerous thyroid tissues and their clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemical EnVision two-step method was used to detect the expression of AQP4 in the cancer tissues and adjacent thyroid tissues, and its clinical significance was analyzed. RESULTS AQP4 could be expressed in both TC cancer tissues and paracancerous thyroid tissues. In TC cancer tissues, the positive expression rate was 99.3% (273/275), and the positive expression rate was 86.4% (223/258) in paracancerous thyroid tissues. The expression level of AQP4 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous thyroid tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The positive expression rates of AQP4 in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC) were 99.2% (258/260), 100.0% (6/6), 100.0% (6/6) and 100.0% (3/3), respectively and there was little difference in different types of TC. Analysis of relationship between expression level of AQP4 in 275 TC cancer tissues and 260 PTC cancer tissues and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients was not significant correlation (P > 0.05). Among the 275 patients, one (0.4%, 1/275) was diagnosed as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with TC. CONCLUSIONS AQP4 is generally expressed in TC cancer tissues and paracancerous thyroid tissues. Expression level of AQP4 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous thyroid tissue. Expression level of AQP4 in TC cancer tissues is not related to the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Paraneoplastic NMOSD caused by TC is rare, and whether its specific pathogenesis is related to the expression of AQP4 in TC still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China.
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, China
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18
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Blum TG, Misch D, Kollmeier J, Thiel S, Bauer TT. Autoimmune disorders and paraneoplastic syndromes in thymoma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:7571-7590. [PMID: 33447448 PMCID: PMC7797875 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2019-thym-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thymomas are counted among the rare tumour entities which are associated with autoimmune disorders (AIDs) and paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) far more often than other malignancies. Through its complex immunological function in the context of the selection and maturation of T cells, the thymus is at the same time highly susceptible to disruptive factors caused by the development and growth of thymic tumours. These T cells, which are thought to develop to competent immune cells in the thymus, can instead adopt autoreactive behaviour due to the uncontrolled interplay of thymomas and become the trigger for AID or PNS affecting numerous organs and tissues within the human body. While myasthenia gravis is the most prevalent PNS in thymoma, numerous others have been described, be they related to neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, haematological, dermatological, endocrine or systemic disorders. This review article sheds light on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, specific clinical features and therapeutic options of the various forms as well as courses and outcomes of AID/PNS in association with thymomas. Whenever suitable and backed by the limited available evidence, the perspectives from both the thymoma and the affected organ/tissue will be highlighted. Specific issues addressed are the prognostic significance of thymectomy on myasthenia gravis and other thymoma-associated AID/PND and further the impact and safety of immunotherapies on AID and PND relating to thymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Gerriet Blum
- Department of Pneumology, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Misch
- Department of Pneumology, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Department of Pneumology, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Thiel
- Department of Pneumology, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- Department of Pneumology, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Tsymala I, Nigritinou M, Zeka B, Schulz R, Niederschick F, Matković M, Bauer IJ, Szalay M, Schanda K, Lerch M, Misu T, Fujihara K, Bennett JL, Dahle C, Pache F, Rommer P, Leutmezer F, Illes Z, Leite MI, Palace J, Scholze P, Reindl M, Lassmann H, Bradl M. Induction of aquaporin 4-reactive antibodies in Lewis rats immunized with aquaporin 4 mimotopes. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 32293546 PMCID: PMC7160927 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) harbor pathogenic autoantibodies against the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Binding of these antibodies to AQP4 on astrocytes initiates damage to these cells, which culminates in the formation of large tissue destructive lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, untreated patients may become permanently blind or paralyzed. Studies on the induction and breakage of tolerance to AQP4 could be of great benefit for NMOSD patients. So far, however, all attempts to create suitable animal models by active sensitization have failed. We addressed this challenge and identified peptides, which mimic the conformational AQP4 epitopes recognized by pathogenic antibodies of NMOSD patients. Here we show that these mimotopes can induce the production of AQP4-reactive antibodies in Lewis rats. Hence, our results provide a conceptual framework for the formation of such antibodies in NMOSD patients, and aid to improve immunization strategies for the creation of animal models suitable for tolerance studies in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsymala
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalini Nigritinou
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bleranda Zeka
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rouven Schulz
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Niederschick
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mia Matković
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Szalay
- Department Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Schanda
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/2, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Magdalena Lerch
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/2, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatsuro Misu
- Departments of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics and Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Departments of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics and Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryomachi, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Jeffrey L Bennett
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Florence Pache
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Isabel Leite
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 66/2, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Bradl
- Department Neuroimmunology, Medical University Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Blackburn K, Wang C, Greenberg B. Two cases of aquaporin-4 positive neuromyelitis optica associated with T-cell lymphoma. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 338:577092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Zhao J, Bhatnagar V, Ding L, Atay SM, David EA, McFadden PM, Stamnes S, Lechtholz-Zey E, Wightman SC, Detterbeck FC, Kim AW. A systematic review of paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymoma: Treatment modalities, recurrence, and outcomes in resected cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 160:306-314.e14. [PMID: 31982129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymomas remain incompletely understood. The objective was to examine the association between surgically resected thymomas and paraneoplastic syndromes over the past half century. METHODS A primary PubMed/MEDLINE search was used to identify published articles describing paraneoplastic syndromes associated with thymomas from 1960 to 2019. A secondary search identified additional articles referenced in the articles found in the primary search. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used for time-to-event data analyses. RESULTS From 407 articles describing 507 patients, 123 different paraneoplastic syndromes were associated with thymoma. The 5 most common paraneoplastic syndromes were myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, lichen planus, Good syndrome, and limbic encephalitis. Complete or partial resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome symptoms after surgery was noted in 76% of patients, of whom 21% had a relapse or new paraneoplastic syndrome onset after surgery. The most common adjunctive therapy associated with resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome was corticosteroids (30%). For all patients after surgery, thymoma recurrence was observed in 17% of cases, whereas recurrence of paraneoplastic syndrome was observed in 34% of cases, and both were observed in approximately 11% of cases. The 5- and 10-year overall survivals were 78% and 66%, respectively. Improved overall survival was associated with patients who had total resolution from paraneoplastic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive assessment of publications over the past half century suggests that a multimodal treatment approach that includes surgical resection of thymomas is able to achieve paraneoplastic syndrome resolution in a majority of patients. Onset of new paraneoplastic syndromes after surgery is associated with the recurrence of the first paraneoplastic syndrome, and resolution of paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with improved overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Zhao
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vikrant Bhatnagar
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio
| | - Li Ding
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Scott M Atay
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Elizabeth A David
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - P Michael McFadden
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Stephanie Stamnes
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Sean C Wightman
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Anthony W Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.
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22
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Sepulveda M, Delgado-García G, Blanco Y, Sola-Valls N, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Armangué T, Montejo C, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Martinez-Hernandez E, Ariño H, Escudero D, Ruiz-García R, Llufriu S, Dalmau J, Graus F, Saiz A. Late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: The importance of autoantibody serostatus. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2019; 6:6/6/e607. [PMID: 31471461 PMCID: PMC6745725 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To describe the clinical features of late-onset (≥50 years) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (LO-NMOSD), to compare the outcome with that of early-onset (EO-NMOSD), and to identify predictors of disability. Methods A retrospective, multicenter study of 238 patients with NMOSD identified by the 2015 criteria. Clinical and immunologic features of patients with LO-NMOSD were compared with those with EO-NMOSD. All patients were evaluated for aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) antibodies. Results Sixty-nine (29%) patients had LO-NMOSD. Demographic features, initial disease presentation, annualized relapse rate, and frequency of AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG did not differ between patients with LO-NMOSD and EO-NMOSD. Among patients with AQP4-IgG or double seronegativity, those with LO-NMOSD had a higher risk to require a cane to walk (hazard ratio [HR], 2.10, 95% CI 1.3–3.54, p = 0.003 for AQP4-IgG, and HR, 13.0, 95% CI 2.8–59.7, p = 0.001, for double seronegative). No differences in outcome were observed between patients with MOG-IgG and LO-NMOSD or EO-NMOSD. Older age at onset (for every 10-year increase, HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.35–1.92 p < 0.001) in NMOSD, and higher disability after the first attack (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.32–2.14, p < 0.001), and double seronegativity (HR 3.74, 95% CI 1.03–13.6, p = 0.045) in LO-NMOSD were the main independent predictors of worse outcome. Conclusions Patients with LO-NMOSD have similar clinical presentation but worse outcome than EO-NMOSD when they are double seronegative or AQP4-IgG positive. Serostatus and residual disability after first attack are the main predictors of LO-NMOSD outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sepulveda
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillermo Delgado-García
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Blanco
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sola-Valls
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena H Martinez-Lapiscina
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thaís Armangué
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Montejo
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Ariño
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domingo Escudero
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ruiz-García
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Llufriu
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Saiz
- From the Center of Neuroimmunology (M.S., G.D.-G., Y.B., N.S.-V., E.H.M.-L., T.A., C.M., I.P.-V., E.M.-H., H.A., D.E., S.L., J.D., F.G., A.S.), Service of Neurology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Neurology (G.D.-G.), National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City; Pediatric Neuroimmunology Unit (T.A.), Neurology Service, Sant Joan de Deu Children's Hospital, University of Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Inmunología (R.R.-G.), Centro de Diagnóstico Biomédico, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Catalan Institution for research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) (J.D.), Barcelona, Spain.
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Yuan J, Jia Z, Qin W, Hu W. Paraneoplastic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with breast cancer. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1039-1044. [PMID: 31239653 PMCID: PMC6559253 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s202102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a group of inflammatory disease involving the central nervous system. Although most commonly an idiopathic autoimmune condition, NMOSD may also occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome in rare instances. Herein, we report a rare case of a 60-year-old woman with paraneoplastic NMOSD associated with breast cancer. Our findings increase the recognition that NMOSD may present as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome associated with breast cancer. Our case also raises awareness of an important complication of neurological complications of breast cancer. Early diagnosis of paraneoplastic NMOSD may be imperative for a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejin Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
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Liu Z, Jiao L, Qiu Z, Da Y, Tang Y, Lin Y, Li D, Huang J, Kang X, Dong H. Clinical characteristics of patients with paraneoplastic myelopathy. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Borisow N, Mori M, Kuwabara S, Scheel M, Paul F. Diagnosis and Treatment of NMO Spectrum Disorder and MOG-Encephalomyelitis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:888. [PMID: 30405519 PMCID: PMC6206299 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are autoantibody mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Serum antibodies (Abs) against the aquaporin-4 water channel lead to recurrent attacks of optic neuritis, myelitis and/or brainstem syndromes. In some patients with symptoms of NMOSD, no AQP4-Abs but Abs against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG) are detectable. These clinical syndromes are now frequently referred to as "MOG-encephalomyelitis" (MOG-EM). Here we give an overview on current recommendations concerning diagnosis of NMOSD and MOG-EM. These include antibody and further laboratory testing, MR imaging and optical coherence tomography. We discuss therapeutic options of acute attacks as well as longterm immunosuppressive treatment, including azathioprine, rituximab, and immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Borisow
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Scheel
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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