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Miyaue N, Kaneko K, Takahashi T, Nagai M. A case of MOG antibody-associated disease with selective positivity in cerebrospinal fluid using IgG-Fc cell-based assay. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:683-685. [PMID: 37713059 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyaue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shidukawa, Tohon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Kimihiko Kaneko
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454 Shidukawa, Tohon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Hyun JW, Park NY, Kim MJ, Kim H, Kim KH, Kim SH, Kim HJ. Aquaporin-4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in a paraneoplastic context. J Neurol Sci 2023; 454:120825. [PMID: 37813018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin-G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG-NMOSD) and cancer via a plausible immunological response has been reported. Here, we investigated the frequency of cancer in a large cohort of patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD. METHODS Between May 2005 and January 2023, patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD and a history of cancer were included by searching for diagnostic codes of both NMOSD and cancer in the electronic medical records and/or reviewing the database of the National Cancer Center registry of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Probable paraneoplastic AQP4-IgG-NMOSD was defined according to the 2021 Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome. RESULTS Of 371 patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, 23 (6.2%) had a history of cancer and four (1.1%) experienced NMOSD in a paraneoplastic context. Among the four patients with probable paraneoplastic AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, the types of cancer were lung (1 adenocarcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma) and colorectal (2 adenocarcinomas). In three patients, the first NMOSD symptoms developed after a cancer diagnosis (median, 8 months [range, 4-23]), and one patient's symptoms preceded the cancer diagnosis (6 months). Compared to the 367 non-paraneoplastic patients, those in the paraneoplastic context had an older age at onset (median: 59.5 vs. 37 years, p = 0.012) and a higher proportion of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as an initial manifestation (4/4[100%] vs. 130/367[35.4%], p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD, the frequency of cancer was low. Older age, LETM features at onset, and adenocarcinoma as the histological type were usually observed in patients with AQP4-IgG-NMOSD in a paraneoplastic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Hyun
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Park
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
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Miyagishima D, Anezaki T, Fukuda A, Watanabe H, Hata M, Eguchi M. Paraneoplastic Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Rare Case of Advanced Breast Cancer with Intractable Nausea and Vomiting. Am J Case Rep 2023; 24:e941808. [PMID: 37933098 PMCID: PMC10642718 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.941808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that includes the triad of transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, and area postrema syndrome (APS), characterized by intractable nausea and vomiting. NMOSD can be part of a paraneoplastic syndrome and is associated with seropositivity to aquaporin-4 (AQP-4). We present a patient with uncontrollable nausea and vomiting who developed herpes zoster and acute myelitis and was finally diagnosed with paraneoplastic NMOSD due to breast cancer. CASE REPORT A 51-year-old woman was hospitalized due to 2 weeks of intractable nausea and vomiting. Although contrast-enhanced thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) on day 4 suggested breast cancer in her left breast, the etiology of her symptoms remained unknown. On day 13, she developed herpes zoster, followed by acute myelitis on day 25. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis and an elevated serum AQP-4 antibody level led to the diagnosis of NMOSD. Brain MRI detected a small lesion in the dorsal medulla oblongata, which explained the preceding APS. After starting intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy, her nausea and vomiting rapidly subsided. Breast cancer was resected on day 63, and immunohistochemical staining revealed overexpression of AQP-4 in the tumor cells, suggesting paraneoplastic NMOSD. CONCLUSIONS This report has highlighted the presentation and diagnosis of NMOSD and supports the possibility that this can present as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome. In addition, diagnosis of NMOSD preceded by APS requires meticulous history taking and careful interpretation of MRI in the dorsal medulla oblongata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyagishima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Anezaki
- Department of Neurology, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Akiyo Fukuda
- Department of Surgery, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Maki Hata
- Department of Dermatology, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Eguchi
- Department of Pathology, Numazu City Hospital, Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
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Lee HL, Seok JM, Chung YH, Min JH, Baek SH, Kim SM, Sohn E, Kim J, Kang SY, Hong YH, Shin HY, Cho JY, Oh J, Lee SS, Kim S, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Kim BJ, Kim BJ. Serum neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein in idiopathic and seropositive transverse myelitis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:104957. [PMID: 37688927 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reflect the disease activity and disability in central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases. However, the clinical significance of NfL and GFAP in idiopathic transverse myelitis (iTM), an inflammatory spinal cord disease with unknown underlying causes, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate NfL and GFAP levels in iTM and their association with the clinical parameters compared with those in TM with disease-specific antibodies such as anti-aquaporin 4 or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (sTM). METHODS We collected serum and clinical data of 365 patients with CNS inflammatory diseases from 12 hospitals. The serum NfL and GFAP levels were measured in patients with iTM (n = 37) and sTM (n = 39) using ultrasensitive single-molecule array assays. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the associations between serum levels of NfL and GFAP and the clinical parameters such as higher EDSS scores (EDSS ≥ 4.0). RESULTS Mean NfL levels were not significantly different between iTM (50.29 pg/ml) and sTM (63.18 pg/ml) (p = 0.824). GFAP levels were significantly lower in iTM (112.34 pg/ml) than in sTM (3814.20 pg/ml) (p = 0.006). NfL levels correlated with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores in sTM (p = 0.001) but not in iTM (p = 0.824). Disease duration also correlated with higher EDSS scores in sTM (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION NfL levels and disease duration correlated with EDSS scores in sTM, and GFAP levels could be a promising biomarker to differentiate iTM from sTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Myoung Seok
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeon Hak Chung
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seol-Hee Baek
- Department of Neurology, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhee Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University, College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juhyeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sa-Yoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University, College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Hong
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ha Young Shin
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Yang Cho
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Oh
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byung-Jo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Abrantes FFD, Moraes MPMD, Pedroso JL, Barsottini OG. Diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement in neurosarcoidosis-related longitudinally extensive myelitis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2023; 81:1016-1017. [PMID: 37832599 PMCID: PMC10689102 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Ferreira de Abrantes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | | | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Orlando G. Barsottini
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
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Shimazu T, Yasutomi D, Ito N, Chiba S, Nambu A. [Transverse myelitis and cauda equina syndrome followed by varicella in a patient with varicella-zoster virus infection]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2023; 63:637-642. [PMID: 37779026 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
A 74-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of weakness in the lower extremities, urinary retention for 10 days, and generalized vesicular rash for 7 days. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging showed contrast enhancement at the Th12-L1 level of the spinal cord and cauda equina. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody titers were markedly elevated, and VZV-IgM was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was diagnosed with VZV transverse myelitis and cauda equina syndrome with subsequent varicella and was treated with acyclovir and prednisolone. Two months later, muscle weakness, and dysuria had almost completely resolved. We hypothesize that latent VZV in the ganglia reactivated and caused transverse myelitis, which subsequently spread to the body via the bloodstream, resulting in the development of varicella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shimazu
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Nishimaruyama Hospital
- Teine Family Medicine Clinic
| | | | - Norie Ito
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Nishimaruyama Hospital
| | - Susumu Chiba
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Nishimaruyama Hospital
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Csáti A, Szok D, Végh R, Jakab K, Sárvári PK, Terhes G, Pásztor G, Gaál M, Klivényi P, Tajti J. [Neurosyphilis or not - a case of a differential diagnostic challenge]. Ideggyogy Sz 2023; 76:356-360. [PMID: 37782058 DOI: 10.18071/isz.76.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a 42-year-old woman with paraparesis associated with transverse myelitis. For differential diagnostics detailed microbiological, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuroimaging examinations were performed. Syphilis was confirmed, but diagnosis of neurosyphilis was only probable based on the CSF microbiological test results. The beneficial treatment response to application of the therapeutic protocol for syphilis supported the supposed diagnosis of syphilis-associated myelitis in our case. In this case report we reviewed the differential diagnostic tools of myelopathies/myelitis. Nowadays regarding to growing prevalence of syphilis worldwide physicians should face on its presence and medical consequences. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Csáti
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Szeged
| | - Délia Szok
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Szeged
| | - Rita Végh
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Neurorehabilitációs Osztály, Szeged
| | - Katalin Jakab
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Neurorehabilitációs Osztály, Szeged
| | - Péter Károly Sárvári
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet, Szeged
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Orvosi Mikrobiológiai Intézet, Szeged
| | - Gyula Pásztor
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Radiológiai Klinika, Szeged
| | - Magdolna Gaál
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Bőrgyógyászati és Allergológiai Klinika, Szeged
| | - Péter Klivényi
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Szeged
| | - János Tajti
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Szeged
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Min JH, Sohn SY, Lee SY, Seo SH, Kim SY, Park B, Kim SI, Joo IS. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an independent predictor for neurological disability in patients with idiopathic transverse myelitis. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 37749508 PMCID: PMC10518920 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been found to be useful in the prognostication of immune-mediated neurological disorders because it roughly reflects the systemic innate immune response compared to the adaptive immune response. However, studies on the validity of NLR in demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system have shown conflicting results. Therefore, we aimed to investigate NLR in the idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM) cohort. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the cohort data of patients with ITM between January 2006 and February 2020. The medical data of all patients with myelitis were reviewed to exclude patients with disease-associated myelopathy according to predefined exclusion criteria. The relationship between the natural log-transformed NLR (lnNLR) and the clinical, paraclinical, and imaging data was evaluated. Factors associated with neurological disability were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. Predictive factors for moderate-to-severe neurological disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score ≥ 4) were investigated. RESULTS A total of 124 participants were included in the analysis. The lnNLR correlated with EDSS and lesion length. Linear mixed-effects analysis showed that age, lesion length, and lnNLR were independently associated with neurological disabilities. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that lnNLR (odds ratio [OR] = 4.266, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.220-14.912, p = 0.023) and lesion length (OR = 1.848, 95% CI = 1.249-2.734, p = 0.002) were independent predictive factors of the worst neurological disability. CONCLUSION NLR may be used as an independent prognostic factor for predicting poor neurological outcomes in patients with ITM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Seo
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yeop Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumhee Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Joo
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World Cup-Ro, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Ssemmanda S, Musubire AK. Different clinical phenotypes of AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD in two first degree relatives. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:315. [PMID: 37667215 PMCID: PMC10476285 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are autoimmune inflammatory disorders of the CNS in which patients have severe relapses of optic neuritis and myelitis. Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) positive NMOSD has not been reported in members of the same family in Sub Saharan Africa. We report the uncommon scenario in which both a Ugandan HIV positive woman and her HIV negative daughter were diagnosed with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD. We discuss pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie familial presentation of AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1, a 54-year-old female teacher with a 20-year history of HIV infection and virally suppressed on Tenofovir, Lamivudine and Dolutegravir HAART regimen, presented with 8 months of progressive quadriparesis and urinary incontinence with a T6 sensory level. She had gadolinium enhancing longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis on MRI and was AQP4-IgG positive on serum studies. She received IV Methylprednisone 1 g daily for 3 days as a pulse and was continued on tapering doses of oral Prednisone with maintenance doses of Azathioprine. She showed slow improvements in limb motor function. Her daughter, case 2, is a 35-year-old HIV negative nutritionist, independently ambulant, with no known comorbidities or precedent autoimmune disease. She presented 1 year before her mother's AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD diagnosis with 7 months history of bilateral visual loss of rapid onset, with gadolinium-enhancing optic nerves on Brain and orbit MRI, in keeping with bilateral optic neuritis. She was AQP4-IgG positive on serum studies. She stabilized on tapered doses of oral Prednisone and continues daily oral Azathioprine with moderate improvement in her vision and no further relapses as yet. CONCLUSIONS We add to existing literature and hypothesize that NMOSD appears to show a complex genetic background. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Sub-Saharan Africa, of familial AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD presenting with clinical heterogeneity between first degree relatives. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved, including genome wide studies for particular risk loci for familial NMOSD, will be pivotal for future preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Ssemmanda
- C-Care International Hospital Kampala, Plot 4686 Barnabas Road, Kampala, Uganda.
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Kampala Medical Centre, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Abdu Kisekka Musubire
- Aga Khan University Hospital, Kampala Medical Centre, Kampala, Uganda
- Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Ortiz Salas PA, Gaviria Carrillo M, Cortés Bernal GA, Moreno Medina K, Roa LF, Rodríguez Quintana JH. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: do patients positive and negative for anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies present distinct entities? A Colombian perspective. Neurologia 2023; 38:504-510. [PMID: 35637138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterised by attacks of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. The discovery of anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-AQP4) antibodies and specific brain MRI findings as diagnostic biomarkers have enabled the recognition of a broader and more detailed clinical phenotype, known as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with NMO/NMOSD with and without seropositivity for anti-AQP4 antibodies, in 2 quaternary-level hospitals in Bogotá. METHODS Our study included patients > 18 years of age and diagnosed with NMO/NMOSD and for whom imaging and serology results were available, assessed between 2013 and 2017 at the neurology departments of hospitals providing highly complex care. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data were gathered and compared in patients with and without seropositivity for anti-AQP4 antibodies. RESULTS The sample included 35 patients with NMO/NMOSD; the median age of onset was 46.5 years (P25-P75, 34.2-54.0); most patients had sensory (n = 25) and motor manifestations (n = 26), and a concomitant autoimmune disease was identified in 6. Twenty patients were seropositive for anti-AQP4 antibodies. Only age and presence of optic nerve involvement showed statistically significant differences between groups (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Clinical, imaging, and laboratory variables showed no major differences between patients with and without anti-AQP4 antibodies, with the exception of age of onset and presence of optic nerve involvement (uni- or bilateral); these factors should be studied in greater detail in larger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Ortiz Salas
- Servicio de Neurología, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Grupo Neuros, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - M Gaviria Carrillo
- Servicio de Neurología, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Programa de Neurología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - K Moreno Medina
- Departamento de Investigaciones, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L F Roa
- Hospital Universitario Mayor, Mederi, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J H Rodríguez Quintana
- Servicio de Neurología, Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Grupo Neuros, Bogotá, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Mayor, Mederi, Bogotá, Colombia
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Carta S, Le Duy D, Rogemond V, Derache N, Chaumont H, Fromont A, Cabasson S, Boudot de la Motte M, Honnorat J, Marignier R. Anti-Argonaute antibodies as a potential biomarker in NMOSD. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:738-741. [PMID: 36810322 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-330707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are a group of diseases mainly characterised by recurrent optic neuritis and/or myelitis. Most cases are associated with a pathogenic antibody against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab), while some patients display autoantibodies targeting the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Abs)). Anti-Argonaute antibodies (Ago-Abs) were first described in patients with rheumatological conditions and were recently reported as a potential biomarker in patients with neurological disorders. The aims of the study were to investigate if Ago-Abs can be detected in NMOSD and to evaluate its clinical usefulness. METHODS Sera from patients prospectively referred to our centre with suspected NMOSD were tested for AQP4-Abs, MOG-Abs and Ago-Abs with cell-based assays. RESULTS The cohort included 104 prospective patients: 43 AQP4-Abs-positive cases, 34 MOG-Abs positive cases and 27 double-negative patients. Ago-Abs were detected in 7 of 104 patients (6.7%). Clinical data were available for six of seven patients. The median age at onset of patients with Ago-Abs was 37.5 [IQR 28.8-50.8]; five of six patients tested positive also for AQP4-Abs. Clinical presentation at onset was transverse myelitis in five patients, while one presented with diencephalic syndrome and experienced a transverse myelitis during follow-up. One case presented a concomitant polyradiculopathy. Median EDSS score at onset was 7.5 [IQR 4.8-8.4]; median follow-up was 40.3 months [IQR 8.3-64.7], and median EDSS score at last evaluation was 4.25 [IQR 1.9-5.5]. CONCLUSION Ago-Abs are present in a subset of patients with NMOSD and, in some cases, represent the only biomarker of an autoimmune process. Their presence is associated with a myelitis phenotype and a severe disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carta
- Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Do Le Duy
- French Reference Centre on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France
- MeLiS-UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Veronique Rogemond
- French Reference Centre on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France
- MeLiS-UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Hugo Chaumont
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Agnès Fromont
- Department Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Sebastien Cabasson
- Service de Pédiatrie et Réanimation Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Pau, Pau, France
| | | | - Jerome Honnorat
- French Reference Centre on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique, Bron, France
- MeLiS-UCBL-CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Marignier
- Service de Neurologie, Sclérose en Plaques, Pathologies de la Myéline et Neuro-inflammation, Centre de Référence des Maladies Inflammatoires Rares du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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12
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Lotan I, Chen JJ, Hacohen Y, Abdel-Mannan O, Mariotto S, Huda S, Gibbons E, Wilf-Yarkoni A, Hellmann MA, Stiebel-Kalish H, Pittock SJ, Flanagan EP, Molazadeh N, Anderson M, Salky R, Romanow G, Schindler P, Duchow AS, Paul F, Levy M. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for acute attacks in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1080-1089. [PMID: 37431144 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231184738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential therapeutic benefit of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) for acute attacks of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD) is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe the outcomes of IVIG treatment for acute MOGAD attacks. METHODS A retrospective observational study involving seven tertiary neuroimmunology centers. Data collection included patients' demographics, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and visual acuity (VA) before the attack, at the nadir of the attack before IVIG treatment, and at follow-up visits ⩾3 months after treatment. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were included, of which 21 (53.8%) were female. The median age was 23 years (range 5-74 years), and the median disease duration was 4 months (range 0-93 months). The most common type of attack treated with IVIG was isolated optic neuritis (ON) (unilateral n = 14, bilateral n = 5, associated with transverse myelitis (TM), n = 1), followed by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (n = 8), multifocal (n = 7), TM (n = 3), brainstem (n = 1), and other encephalitis (n = 1). A significant improvement in both the EDSS and VA measures was observed at follow-up compared to the time of IVIG treatment initiation (p < 0.0001 for both outcome measures). CONCLUSION IVIG may be an effective treatment option for acute MOGAD attacks. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Lotan
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - John J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yael Hacohen
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Omar Abdel-Mannan
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Saif Huda
- Department of Neurology, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Gibbons
- Department of Neurology, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adi Wilf-Yarkoni
- Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mark A Hellmann
- Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadas Stiebel-Kalish
- Rabin Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sean J Pittock
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eoin P Flanagan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Negar Molazadeh
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monique Anderson
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Salky
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriela Romanow
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ankelien Solveig Duchow
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Levy
- Neuroimmunology Clinic and Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cole J, Choudry S, Kular S, Payne T, Akili S, Callaby H, Gordon NC, Ankcorn M, Martin A, Hobson E, Tunbridge AJ. Monkeypox encephalitis with transverse myelitis in a female patient. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:e115-e120. [PMID: 36470282 PMCID: PMC9718539 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak has affected 110 countries worldwide, outside of classic endemic areas (ie, west Africa and central Africa). On July 23, 2022, the outbreak was classified by WHO as a public health emergency of international concern. Clinical presentation varies from mild to life-changing symptoms; neurological complications are relatively uncommon and there are few therapeutic interventions for monkeypox disease. In this Grand Round, we present a case of monkeypox with encephalitis complicated by transverse myelitis in a previously healthy woman aged 35 years who made an almost complete recovery from her neurological symptoms after treatment with tecovirimat, cidofovir, steroids, and plasma exchange. We describe neurological complications associated with orthopoxvirus infections and laboratory diagnosis, the radiological features in this case, and discuss treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Cole
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Saher Choudry
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Saminderjit Kular
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas Payne
- Academic Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Suha Akili
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Callaby
- Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - N Claire Gordon
- Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, UK
| | - Michael Ankcorn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Virology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew Martin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Esther Hobson
- Academic Department of Neurology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anne J Tunbridge
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A variety of neurological complications have been reported following the widespread use of the COVID-19 vaccines which may lead to vaccine hesitancy and serve as a major barrier to the public health aim of achieving protective herd immunity by vaccination. In this article, we review the available evidence regarding these neurological adverse events reported, to provide clarity regarding the same so that unfounded fears maybe put to rest. RECENT FINDINGS There is a greater than expected occurrence of severe neurological adverse events such as cortical sinus venous thrombosis, Bell's palsy, transverse myelitis, and Guillain-Barré syndromes along with other common effects such as headaches following different kinds of COVID-19 vaccination. Precipitation of new onset demyelinating brain lesions with or without detection of specific antibodies and worsening of pre-existing neurological disorders (like epilepsy, multiple sclerosis) are also a matter of great concern though no conclusive evidence implicating the vaccines is available as of now. The COVID-19 pandemic is far from being over. Till such time that a truly effective anti-viral drug is discovered, or an appropriate therapeutic strategy is developed, COVID-appropriate behavior and highly effective mass vaccination remain the only weapons in our armamentarium to fight this deadly disease. As often occurs with most therapeutic means for the treatment and prevention of any disease, vaccination against COVID-19 has its hazards. These range from the most trivial ones like fever, local pain and myalgias to several potentially serious cardiac and neurological complications. The latter group includes conditions like cerebral venous thrombosis (curiously often with thrombocytopenia), transverse myelitis and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy amongst others. Fortunately, the number of reported patients with any of these serious complications is far too low for the total number of people vaccinated. Hence, the current evidence suggests that the benefits of vaccination far outweigh the risk of these events in majority of the patients. As of now, available evidence also does not recommend withholding vaccination in patients with pre-existing neurological disorders like epilepsy and MS, though adenoviral vaccines should be avoided in those with history of thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambar Chakravarty
- Department of Neurology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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Gupta V, Luthra S, Maheshwari S, Das SM. Relapsing neuromyelitis optica in an adolescent girl. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e242402. [PMID: 34426420 PMCID: PMC8383875 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Early differentiation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO-SD) from multiple sclerosis (MS) is of paramount importance as NMO-SD (especially relapsing variant) has more severe morbidity than MS. We describe a case of an adolescent girl who presented with repeated episodes of optic neuritis over a period of 4 years with normal brain MRI scans. She was treated initially as relapsing remitting MS, before showing clinical evidence of transverse myelitis (TM), and eventually being diagnosed as NMO-SD. Pulse intravenous methyl prednisolone along with immunosuppressive therapy led to remission of her disease. However, delay in diagnosis as NMO-SD led to visual disability in the left eye. Therefore, in young patients with recurrent optic neuritis and normal brain MRI, it may be prudent to get spinal MRI done to look for TM, even when asymptomatic. In addition, we should keep a low threshold for requesting aquaporin-4 antibody testing in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Gupta
- Ophthalmology, AIIMS Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saurabh Luthra
- Ophthalmology, Drishti Eye Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shrey Maheshwari
- Ophthalmology, Drishti Eye Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shrutanjoy M Das
- Ophthalmology, Drishti Eye Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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de Wilton A, Aggarwal D, Jäger HR, Manji H, Chiodini PL. Delayed diagnosis of spinal cord schistosomiasis in a non-endemic country: A tertiary referral centre experience. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009161. [PMID: 33571228 PMCID: PMC7904161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroschistosomiasis is a severe complication of schistosomiasis, triggered by the local immune reaction to egg deposition, with spinal cord involvement the most well recognised form. Early treatment with praziquantel and high dose steroids leads to a reduction of neurological sequelae. The rarity of this condition in returning travellers to high income countries can result in delayed diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to evaluate the diagnosis and management of neuroschistosomiasis in a UK national referral centre. Materials/Methods A retrospective review of confirmed clinical cases of spinal schistosomiasis referred to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, UK, between January 2016 and January 2020 was undertaken. Electronic referral records were interrogated and patient demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data collected. Results Four cases of neuroschistosomiasis were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 28 (range 21 to 50) with three male patients. All patients had epidemiological risk factors for schistosomiasis based on travel history and freshwater exposure; two in Uganda (River Nile), one in Malawi and one in Nigeria. All patients presented with features of transverse myelitis including back pain, leg weakness, paraesthesia and urinary dysfunction. The mean time from presentation to health services to definitive treatment was 42.5 days (range 16–74 days). Diagnosis was confirmed with CSF serology for schistosomiasis in all cases. Radiological features on MRI spine included enhancement focused predominantly in the lower thoracic spinal cord in three cases and the conus in one patient. All patients received a minimum of three days of oral praziquantel and high dose steroids. At three-month follow-up, one patient had complete resolution of symptoms and three had residual deficit; one patient was left with urinary and faecal incontinence, another had urinary retention, and the final patient has persistent leg pains and constipation. Conclusion We observed a marked delay in diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis in a non-endemic country. We advocate undertaking a thorough travel history, early use of imaging and CSF schistosomal serology to ensure early diagnosis of neuroschistosomiasis in patients presenting with consistent symptoms. If schistosomal diagnostics are not immediately available, presumptive treatment under the guidance of a tropical medicine specialist should be considered to minimize the risk of residual disability. We advocate for consensus guidelines to be produced and reporting to be performed in a uniform way for patients with spinal schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic neglected tropical disease causing morbidity and mortality in several tropical regions. The most commonly described complications of schistosomiasis include urinary tract and gastrointestinal pathology. However, ectopic migration of parasitic worms and their eggs into the central nervous system can lead to profound and life altering disability. This phenomenon, referred to as ‘Neuroschistosomiasis’ is a rarely reported in non-endemic countries. However, occurrence is increasingly recognised in non-endemic regions due to the increase in global travel. We report the clinical and radiological characteristics of four patients who developed neuroschistosomiasis following tropical freshwater exposure. The report informs diagnosis of schistosomiasis, diagnostic features including subtle radiological findings typical of schistosomiasis, and management of neuroschistosomiasis. The report further highlights the delays in diagnosis of these patients, and the importance of travel history and seeking specialist parasitological advice when patients present with spinal cord syndromes following relevant exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus de Wilton
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Dinesh Aggarwal
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Rolf Jäger
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hadi Manji
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter L. Chiodini
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, United Kingdom
- The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article focuses on clinically relevant teaching points in spinal anatomy and localizing the lesion in myelopathy. RECENT FINDINGS The principles underlying spinal cord lesion localization are well established, but improvements in MRI and the discovery of pathologic antibodies associated with causes of transverse myelitis distinct from multiple sclerosis, such as aquaporin-4 IgG and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG, have assisted in diagnosis. SUMMARY The spinal cord has a highly organized neuroanatomy of ascending and descending tracts that convey sensory, motor, and autonomic information. Using integration of clues from the patient's history and neurologic examination, the effective clinician can distinguish spinal cord from peripheral nerve or brain pathology, often determine the level and parts of the spinal cord affected by a lesion, and focus on a likely diagnosis. The advent of MRI of the spine has revolutionized investigation of spinal cord disorders, but an important place for strong clinical acumen still exists in assessing the patient with a myelopathy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neurologists should be able to identify clinical and neuroimaging features that distinguish vascular disorders from other causes of myelopathy. RECENT FINDINGS Although certain clinical features suggest a vascular etiology in acute and chronic myelopathy settings, accurate MRI interpretation within the clinical context is key. Recent studies have shown vascular myelopathies are frequently misdiagnosed as transverse myelitis, and recognition of this diagnostic pitfall is important. Many different vascular mechanisms can cause myelopathy; this article provides a comprehensive review that simplifies disease categories into arterial ischemia, venous congestion/ischemia, hematomyelia, and extraparenchymal hemorrhage. SUMMARY It is important to recognize and manage vascular disorders of the spinal cord as significant causes of acute, subacute, and progressive myelopathy.
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Parissis D, Smyrni N, Ioannidis P, Grigoriadis N. Primary progression in NMOSD. Does it really exist? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 48:102712. [PMID: 33450529 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelitis, in conjunction with a longitudinally extensive MRI pattern, is a core feature of aquaporin 4 IgG-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). According to current diagnostic criteria for transverse myelitis and NMOSD, clinical worsening should not exceed 3-4 weeks from attack onset. Recently, we were able to document, through frequent clinical examination and radiological follow-up, the unusual case of an ab initio progressive myelopathy, ultimately attributed to aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Although this case might merely represent an overlooked cluster of individual clinical attacks, it could, however, draw attention to the controversial concept of disease progression in the context of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Parissis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikoletta Smyrni
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panos Ioannidis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Miller CJ, Bennett J, Lee M. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive optic neuritis with considerable white blood cell elevation in cerebrospinal fluid. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102455. [PMID: 32853895 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a case with an atypical presentation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD) presenting with optic neuritis, short-segment transverse myelitis, and significant lymphocytic pleocytosis. The degree of lymphocytic pleocytosis in this case was unusually high and prompted extensive workup. Broad infectious and neoplastic work-up was unremarkable and raised the concern for aseptic meningitis. A literature review was performed of similar cases with documented CSF labs (see Table 1), which demonstrates the unique and significant pleocytosis noted in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Jeffrey Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
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21
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Edgar Patricio CD, Eleanor THG, Francisco José CZ, Gabriela ACM, Hyland AO, Fernando GL, María TA, Beatriz N, Marcos SD, Alfredo GPW. Clinical and radiological profile of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in an Ecuadorian cohort. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 44:102208. [PMID: 32562910 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a complex disease characterized by a severe inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). This disease typically manifests with recurrent optic neuritis (ON) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM). The clinical and radiological spectrum of NMOSD is little known in Latin America (LATAM) and few reports have been published in the literature so far. In Ecuador, no reports on NMOSD have been published. For this reason we aimed to assess the demographic, clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with NMOSD from third level hospitals from Ecuador. METHODS This is a descriptive study in which we assessed medical reports of patients with inflammatory demyelinating diseases who were attended in third level hospitals from Ecuador in 2017. Then we applied the 2015 diagnostic criteria, those patients who met the new NMOSD diagnostic criteria were selected and analyzed. Additionally, exploratory sub-analyses were subsequently carried out. RESULTS We identified 59 patients with NMOSD, the relative frequency of NMOSD was 15.9%. The multiple sclerosis (MS) /NMOSD ratio was 5.2:1. Twenty four percent of patients were newly defined as having NMOSD when 2015 criteria was applied. The median time to diagnoses was shorter by the 2015 criteria than 2006 criteria (p<0.001). NMOSD was more prevalent in women (female/male ratio 4.4:1). The disease onset was more frequent at the fourth decade of life. The most common symptoms at the disease onset were ON and the association of ON with ATM. The mean of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) was 4.8 (SD±1.8). Concomitant autoimmune diseases were infrequent in this population (11.9%). The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities were present in 25.7% of patients at disease onset. Spinal cord MRI showed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) in 91.5% of cases. Recurrent NMOSD was frequent in this cohort (88%). Positivity for antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) which was measured through indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) was identified in 81% of the patients tested. Patients with seronegative AQP4-IgG had higher grade of disability than seropositive patients (p<0.05). Ninety eight percent of patients received treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Three patients died due to gastric cancer (1 patient) and infectious diseases (2 patients). CONCLUSIONS This is the first descriptive study in an Ecuadorian cohort of patients with NMOSD. We show a wide epidemiological, clinical and radiological spectrum of NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Correa-Díaz Edgar Patricio
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Address: Avenida 18 de Septiembre y Ayacucho. Quito, Ecuador; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Address: Avenida 12 de Octubre. Quito, Ecuador..
| | | | - Caiza-Zambrano Francisco José
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Address: Avenida 18 de Septiembre y Ayacucho. Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Acuña Chong María Gabriela
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Address: Avenida 25 de Julio. Guaayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Arroyo-Ortega Hyland
- Department of Neurology. Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo. Address: Avenida Gran Colombia. Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Guillén López Fernando
- Department of Neurology. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga de Cuenca, Address: Intersección Popayán. Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Toral Ana María
- Department of Neurology. Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga de Cuenca, Address: Intersección Popayán. Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Narváez Beatriz
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Militar. Address: Avenida Gran Colombia, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Serrano-Dueñas Marcos
- Department of Neurology. Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Address: Avenida 18 de Septiembre y Ayacucho. Quito, Ecuador; Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Address: Avenida 12 de Octubre. Quito, Ecuador..
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Wu CI, Wu CL, Chang KH, Huang WY. Concomitant Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Acute Transverse Myelitis in an Older Adult-A Case Report. Acta Neurol Taiwan 2020; 29(1):12-17. [PMID: 32285429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Guillain-Barré syndrome concomitant with spinal cord involvement, which is defined as Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute transverse myelitis overlap syndrome, is rarely seen in the elders. Here we present a 68-year-old female patient who developed Guillain-Barré syndrome, as well as acute transverse myelitis at the same episode. CASE REPORT This patient developed acute weakness of lower limbs, which then rapidly became tetraplegia and hyporeflexia within 5 days. She also had impaired pinprick and vibration sensations below T4, as well as urinary and defecation incontinence. The nerve conduction studies revealed a motorsensory axonal neuropathy. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytological dissociation and elevated IgG index. The spinal magnetic resonance imaging study revealed heterogeneously contrastenhanced, long-segmental intramedullary lesion from C2 to T3. Other laboratory findings, including blood anti-aquaporin 4 antibody, were not remarkable. The patient's tetraplegia was gradually improved by plasmapheresis and methylprednisolone pulse therapy. CONCLUSION Although Guillain-Barré syndrome and acute transverse myelitis overlap syndrome is occasionally seen in young adults, it could still occur in the elderly patients. Plasmapheresis and steroid pulse therapy could be beneficial to improve functional outcome of patients with this immunemediated neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-I Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou branch,Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung branch, Taiwan
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Kamble S, Sardana V, Maheshwari D, Bhushan B, Ojha P. Etiological Spectrum of Non-compressive Myelopathies in Tertiary Care Centre. J Assoc Physicians India 2019; 67:14-16. [PMID: 31561681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the clinical, radiological, cerebrospinal fluid profile of noncompressive myelopathy and to study various etiologies of non-compressive myelopathies in causation of quadriplegia and paraplegia. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Neurology, Govt. Medical College, Kota in year 2015 and 2016. METHODOLOGY All the patients presented with myelopathy and MRI spine not showing any significant compression included in study. To know the etiology of non-compressive myelopathy patients were investigated including routine blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and visual evoked potentials, MRI of the brain, and immunological, infectious, and metabolic profile based on the pattern of involvement. RESULTS The study had 80 patients with a median age of 38 years and male: female ratio 1.5:1. Patients were divided into acute myelopathy and chronic myelopathy. Forty four patients presented with acute myelopathy whereas 36 patients had chronic myelopathy. The causes of Acute myelopathy were post infectious myelitis (13), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) (6), multiple sclerosis (MS) (2), connective tissue disorders (1), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (4) and Idiopathic (18). The causes of Chronic myelopathy were Vitamin B12 deficiency (8), MS (2), mixed connective tissue disease (1), Copper deficiency (1), hepatic myelopathy (1), radiation (1), hereditary spastic paraparesis (1) and idiopathic (21). CONCLUSION Underlying etiology like demyelinating, infectious/post infectious, autoimmune or nutritional was found in 52% patients of non-compressive myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dilip Maheshwari
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan
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Kumar R, Rajvanshi P, Khosla H, Arora S. Neuro-Chikungunya: Acute Transverse Myelopathy Associated with Chikungunya Virus Infection. J Assoc Physicians India 2019; 67:84-85. [PMID: 31559781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya is an arboviral infection caused by Chikungunya virus, an RNA virus from Togaviridae family.1 The disease manifests as fever, rash and characteristically, with arthralgia.1 Chikungunya is strongly believed to have neurotropism but has not been well studied like other neurotropic arboviruses.2 Encephalitis appears to represent the most common clinical manifestation6 and occurs either simultaneously or within few days of onset of systemic symptoms, during the period of viremia. A delay of more than two weeks has been reported with other complications like myelitis, Guillian Barre syndrome and optic neuritis. This case describes the clinical, serological, neuroimaging and CSF findings of Chikungunya induced acute transverse myelitis in a 13 years old male patient who responded to steroid treatment. It is a relatively unknown and very rare complication of Chikungunya virus infection during outbreak of Chikungunya infection in September 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harshit Khosla
- PG Resident, Department of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Sahil Arora
- PG Resident, Department of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
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Chauhan A, Mittal S, Sasmal G. Post Varicella Zoster Acute Transverse Myelitis. J Assoc Physicians India 2018; 66:103. [PMID: 31324103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Sakshi Mittal
- Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
| | - Gargi Sasmal
- Resident, Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi
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Qiu W, Chang Y, Li R, Long Y, Huang J, Mai W, Sun X, Lu Z, Hu X. [Correlation of AQP4 gene polymorphism with NMO clinical phenotypes and its underlying mechanism]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 95:501-506. [PMID: 25916924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between aquaporin-4 (AQP4) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and clinical phenotypes of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Eight SNPs in AQP4 gene regulatory region were selected and genotyped for 208 anti-AQP4 autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) seropositive cases during January 2010 to January 2014 and 204 healthy subjects. Then the correlation was further analysed between genotypes and NMO phenotypes. And the effect of microRNA (miRNA) on the expression of AQP4 gene was examined by dual-luciferase reporter technique. RESULTS The A/T genotype of rs1058424 (50.61% vs 70.45%, OR = 0.430, 95% CI 0.210-0.880) and C/T (50.00% vs 68.18%, OR = 0.467, 95%CI 0.231-0.994) genotype of rs3763043 in 3'-UTR were correlated with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis; the A/T genotype of rs1058424 (46.72% vs 66.28%, OR = 0.525, 95% CI 0.276-0.999) and A/C genotype of rs335929 (45.08% vs 58.14%, OR = 0.527, 95% CI 0.281-0.987) in 3'-UTR as well as C/T genotype of rs151244 (50.82% vs 69.77%, OR = 0.450, 95% CI 0.230-0.881) in promoter 0 region were correlated with optic neuritis. The polymorphism of rs6508459 in 3'-UTR and rs3763040 in intron region were correlated with concurrent systemic autoimmune diseases (P = 0.012 and 0.023 respectively).miRNA 323-3p could regulate AQP4 gene expression.However, variation in SNP rs1058424 failed to affect this regulation. CONCLUSION SNP in 3'-UTR of AQP4 gene may be associated with NMO phenotypes.miRNA 323-3p may participate in the pathogenesis of NMO by binding to certain SNP sites in 3'-UTR of AQP4 gene and regulating its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Jiao Y, Zhang W, Li X, Wang W, Liu L, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Wang R, Xie S, Jiao J. [Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion: etiology and imaging features]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 94:3229-3233. [PMID: 25604223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the etiologies and imaging features of longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion (LESCL). METHODS The etiologies and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of 51 hospitalized LESCL patients from January 2011 to August 2013 were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Among them, the causes were neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD, n = 25), isolated longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (n = 6), subacute combined degeneration (n = 4), multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 3), paraneoplastic myelopathy (n = 3), anterior spinal artery syndrome (n = 3), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (n = 2), spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (n = 2), intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (n = 1), myelopathic leukemia (n = 1) and syringomyelus (n = 1). For MR imaging, at least one lesion of each patient presented continuously longitudinal profile and whole-length spinal cord was involved in 11 patients. CONCLUSION LESCL may be caused by various diseases. And the imaging features may aid its diagnosis despite a lack of specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Jiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang WH, Jiao YJ, Jiao JS, Liu ZJ, Wang RB. [Clinical features of ultra longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2011; 91:2464-2467. [PMID: 22321840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical features of ultra longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (uLETM). METHODS Four first-onset uLETM patients hospitalized during September 2009 and March 2011 were recruited and retrospectively analyzed for clinical and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) features, as well as therapeutic profiles and prognoses. RESULTS The male-to-female ratio was 1:3 and the age-of-onset 29 - 33 years old. Extremity paralysis and intrinsic sphincter disorders were initially observed. The clinical manifestations include visual, motor, sense and intrinsic sphincter disorders caused by optic nerve and spinal cord lesions. Uric acid decreased in 3 cases. Seropositivity for autoimmune antibody spectrum and NMO-IgG (neuromyelitis optica-immunoglobulin G) was found in some patients. Spinal MRI showed overall hypointense T1 and hyperintense T2 lesions in spinal cord with partial swelling and negative in brain MRI. Sjogren's syndrome associated with uLETM was diagnosed in 2 patients. Three cases improved after treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and other immunosuppressive agents. One patient died. CONCLUSION uLETM is commonly found in young women. Spinal cord is frequently affected. And it may occur concurrently with optical abnormalities and other autoimmune diseases. Intracranial parenchyma is rarely affected. The therapy of corticosteroids is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-He Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Halla J. Rheumatologic emergencies. Bull Rheum Dis 1997; 46:4-6. [PMID: 9046122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
True rheumatologic emergencies are rare but they do occur. In many cases, the initial assessment, diagnosis, and treatment will rest in the hands of the primary care physician. Most common is acute onset of inflammatory arthritis. Properly diagnosed, adequate to dramatic improvements are usual with appropriate treatment. No less pressing are the neurologic emergencies such as spinal stenosis, cauda equina syndrome, and GCA. Among these, the potential for neurologic complications is high, so prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. Cervical spine involvement in RA is common; again, neurologic complications are possible. The role of mechanical stabilization via surgery is not as well delineated but should be considered in patients with intractable pain due to C1-C2 facet joint disease and those with progressive neurologic deficiencies.
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CAMPBELL AM, NORMAN RM, SANDRY RJ. SUBACUTE ENCEPHALITIS IN AN ADULT ASSOCIATED WITH NECROTISING MYELITIS AND RESULTS OF ANIMAL INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1963; 26:439-46. [PMID: 14066636 PMCID: PMC495613 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.26.5.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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MARCIAL-ROJAS RA, FIOL RE. NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND REPORT OF TWO CASES OF TRANSVERSE MYELITIS DUE TO S. MANSONI. Ann Intern Med 1963; 59:215-30. [PMID: 14049350 DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-59-2-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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PITNER SE. Transverse myelitis following varicella: report of a case. Bull Tulane Univ Med Fac 1963; 22:187-96. [PMID: 13943830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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LAFLEUR L, MARTINEAU B. [Study on ECHO virus 9 infections]. Can Med Assoc J 1962; 87:1367-74. [PMID: 13928026 PMCID: PMC1920875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
At Ste. Justine Hospital, Montreal, during the period 1957-61, ECHO 9 virus was isolated in 27 cases, in 20 of these during the summer of 1961. All had evidence of meningeal irritation, accompanied by fever and headache. Four of the 20 patients diagnosed during the summer of 1961 had convulsions; 12 presented with a rash; and two simulated meningococcemia. Of the 27 patients, two were paralyzed and one case was diagnosed as transverse myelitis. ECHO 9 virus was isolated from stools and from throat specimens in equal proportion; it was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in only two instances. Pathogenicity for suckling mice was observed in two of 22 inoculated directly with the specimen material and in 10 of 11 inoculated with the cultured material.
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STICKL H, BOCKER H. [Para-infectious transverse myelitis]. Kinderarztl Prax 1958; 26:105-7. [PMID: 13540057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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KASZUBSKA-POLKOWSKA I. [Case of para-infections transverse myelitis during measles]. Pediatr Pol 1958; 33:86-9. [PMID: 13553552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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AMYOT R. [Transverse myelitis caused by mumps]. Union Med Can 1957; 86:941-8. [PMID: 13468176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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NIKOLIC M, VELJKOVIC J. [Changes in cerebrospinal fluid in transverse myelitis]. Med Glas 1957; 11:231-3. [PMID: 13482772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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RISER M, GAYRAL L, TURNIN J. [Grave transverse myelitis cured, without sequelae, by artificial hibernation]. Rev Otoneuroophtalmol 1957; 29:354-5. [PMID: 13528378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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MCKELVEY TP. A case of transverse myelitis following T.A.B. inoculation. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 1955; 101:191-5. [PMID: 13264241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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HENNEAUX J, DELCOURT J. [Transverse myelitis following smallpox vaccination]. Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg 1954; 54:449-56. [PMID: 13206706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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MINER PF, PARKS EW. Transverse myelitis in lymphosarcoma. Rocky Mt Med J 1954; 51:41-3. [PMID: 13121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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BAUMANN J, PICARD-LEROY G. [Neurologic complications of the use of efocaine, with regard to a case of transverse myelitis following intercostal injection of a prolonged-action anesthetic]. Mem Acad Chir (Paris) 1954; 80:151-4. [PMID: 13153847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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KENDRICK WW, SCOTT JW, JOUSSE AT, BOTTERELL EH. Reflex sweating and hypertension in traumatic transverse myelitis. Treat Serv Bull 1953; 8:437-48. [PMID: 13090303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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NEUBUERGER KT, FREED CG, DENST J. Vasal component in syndrome of Foix Alajouanine; subacute necrotizing myelitis. AMA Arch Pathol 1953; 55:73-83. [PMID: 12996194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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PANTER K. [Transverse myelitis after stellate ganglion block with symprocaine]. Zentralbl Chir 1953; 78:1153-6. [PMID: 13091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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