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O'Neill KA, Dugue A, Abreu NJ, Balcer LJ, Branche M, Galetta S, Graves J, Kister I, Magro C, Miller C, Newsome SD, Pappas J, Rucker J, Steigerwald C, William CM, Zamvil SS, Grossman SN, Krupp LB. Relapsing White Matter Disease and Subclinical Optic Neuropathy: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2024; 11:e200194. [PMID: 38181317 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
A 16-year-old adolescent boy presented with recurrent episodes of weakness and numbness. Brain MRI demonstrated subcortical, juxtacortical, and periventricular white matter T2 hyperintensities with gadolinium enhancement. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands that were not present in serum. Despite treatment with steroids, IV immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and rituximab, he continued to have episodes of weakness and numbness and new areas of T2 hyperintensity on imaging. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination revealed a subclinical optic neuropathy with predominant involvement of the papillomacular bundle. Genetic evaluation and brain biopsy led to an unexpected diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A O'Neill
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andrew Dugue
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Nicolas J Abreu
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Laura J Balcer
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Marc Branche
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven Galetta
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jennifer Graves
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ilya Kister
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Cynthia Magro
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Claire Miller
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott D Newsome
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Pappas
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Janet Rucker
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Connolly Steigerwald
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Christopher M William
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott N Grossman
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lauren B Krupp
- From the Department of Neurology (K.A.O., A.D., N.J.A., L.J.B., S.G., I.K., C.M., J.R., C.M.W., S.N.G., L.B.K.); Department of Ophthalmology (A.D.); Division of Neurogenetics (NJA, CS); Department of Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G., S.N.G.); Department of Population Health (L.J.B.); Department of Radiology (M.B.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurosciences (J.G.), University of California, San Diego; Department of Pathology (C.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Pediatrics (J.P.) and Pathology (C.M.W.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Department of Neurology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
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39
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Hurtubise B, Frohman EM, Galetta S, Balcer LJ, Frohman TC, Lisak RP, Newsome SD, Graves JS, Zamvil SS, Amezcua L. MOG Antibody-Associated Disease and Thymic Hyperplasia: From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:e200077. [PMID: 36517233 PMCID: PMC9753285 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently described CNS inflammatory disorder that may manifest with optic neuritis, myelitis, seizures, and/or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. While MOG-specific antibodies in patients with MOGAD are IgG1, a T-cell-dependent antibody isotype, immunologic mechanisms of this disease are not fully understood. Thymic hyperplasia can be associated with certain autoimmune diseases. In this report we describe a case of MOGAD associated with thymic hyperplasia in a young adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hurtubise
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elliot M Frohman
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Steven Galetta
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Laura J Balcer
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Teresa C Frohman
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert P Lisak
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott D Newsome
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jennifer S Graves
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Scott S Zamvil
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco.
| | - Lilyana Amezcua
- From the Department of Neurology (B.H., L.A.), University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine; Distinguished Senior Fellows (Sabbatical) Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Departments of Neurology (S.G., L.J.B.), Population Health (L.J.B.) and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., S.G.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (R.P.L.), Wayne State University, Detroit MI; Department of Neurology (S.D.N.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; and Department of Neurology and Program in Immunology (S.S.Z.), University of California, San Francisco
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