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Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Zanzottera M, Bolognesi E, Caputo D, Rovaris M, Clerici M. Increased concentrations of P2X7R in oligodendrocyte derived extracellular vesicles of Multiple sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106601. [PMID: 38996986 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 (P2X7R) is believed to be deleterious in autoimmune diseases and it was hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. P2X7R is an ATP-gated non-selective cationic channel; its activation can be driven by high concentrations of ATP and leads to the generation of large, cytolytic conductance pores. P2X7R activation can also result in apoptosis as a consequence of the activation of the caspase cascade via P2X7R-dependent stimulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We measured P2X7R in oligodendrocyte derived extracellular vesicles (ODEVs) in MS patients and in healthy subjects. Sixty-eight MS patients (50 relapsing-remitting, RR-MS, 18 primary progressive, PP-MS) and 57 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. ODEVs were enriched from serum by a double step immunoaffinity method using an anti OMGp (oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein) antibody. P2X7R concentration was measured in ODEVs lysates by ELISA. One-way Anova test showed that P2X7R in ODEVs is significantly higher in PP-MS (mean: 1742.89 pg/mL) compared both to RR-MS (mean: 1277.33 pg/mL) (p < 0.001) and HC (mean: 879.79 pg/mL) (p < 0.001). Comparison between RR-MS and HC was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). Pearson's correlations showed that P2RX7 in ODEVs was positively correlated with EDSS (p = 0.002, r = 0.38, 0.15-0.57 95% CI) and MSSS (p = 0.004, r = 0.34, 0.12-0.54 95% CI) scores, considering MS patients together (PP-MS + RR-MS) and with disease duration in PP-MS group (p = 0.02, r = 0.53, 0.09-0.80 95% CI). Results suggest that ODEVs-associated P2X7R levels could be a biomarker for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agliardi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Milena Zanzottera
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Caputo
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rovaris
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy; Pathophysiology and Transplantation Department, University of Milan, via Francesco Sforza 35, Milan, Italy
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Gómez-Pinedo U, Torre-Fuentes L, Matías-Guiu JA, Pytel V, Ojeda-Hernández DD, Selma-Calvo B, Montero-Escribano P, Vidorreta-Ballesteros L, Matías-Guiu J. Exonic variants of the P2RX7 gene in familial multiple sclerosis. Neurologia 2022:S2173-5808(22)00189-4. [PMID: 36470550 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have analysed the presence of P2RX7 variants in patients with MS, reporting diverging results. METHODS Our study analyses P2RX7 variants detected through whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS We analysed P2RX7, P2RX4, and CAMKK2 gene variants detected by whole-exome sequencing in all living members (n = 127) of 21 families including at least 2 individuals with multiple sclerosis. P2RX7 gene polymorphisms previously associated with autoimmune disease. Although no differences were observed between individuals with and without multiple sclerosis, we found greater polymorphism of gain-of-function variants of P2RX7 in families with individuals with multiple sclerosis than in the general population. Copresence of gain-of-function and loss-of-function variants was not observed to reduce the risk of presenting the disease. Three families displayed heterozygous gain-of-function SNPs in patients with multiple sclerosis but not in healthy individuals. We were unable to determine the impact of copresence of P2RX4 and CAMKK2 variants with P2RX7 variants, or the potential effect of the different haplotypes described in the gene. No clinical correlations with other autoimmune diseases were observed in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the disease is polygenic and point to a previously unknown mechanism of genetic predisposition to familial forms of multiple sclerosis. P2RX7 gene activity can be modified, which suggests the possibility of preventive pharmacological treatments for families including patients with familial multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Pytel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D D Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Selma-Calvo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Montero-Escribano
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vidorreta-Ballesteros
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Matías-Guiu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hone L, Giovannoni G, Dobson R, Jacobs BM. Predicting Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Neurol 2022; 12:761973. [PMID: 35211072 PMCID: PMC8860835 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.761973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining effective means of preventing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) relies on testing preventive strategies in trial populations. However, because of the low incidence of MS, demonstrating that a preventive measure has benefit requires either very large trial populations or an enriched population with a higher disease incidence. Risk scores which incorporate genetic and environmental data could be used, in principle, to identify high-risk individuals for enrolment in preventive trials. Here we discuss the concepts of developing predictive scores for identifying individuals at high risk of MS. We discuss the empirical efforts to do so using real cohorts, and some of the challenges-both theoretical and practical-limiting this work. We argue that such scores could offer a means of risk stratification for preventive trial design, but are unlikely to ever constitute a clinically-helpful approach to predicting MS for an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hone
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Giovannoni
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Dobson
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Meir Jacobs
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Andrejew R, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Ribeiro DE, Glaser T, Arnaud-Sampaio VF, Lameu C, Ulrich H. The P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 32848594 PMCID: PMC7413029 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is a cation channel activated by high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Upon long-term activation, it complexes with membrane proteins forming a wide pore that leads to cell death and increased release of ATP into the extracellular milieu. The P2X7 receptor is widely expressed in the CNS, such as frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and striatum, regions involved in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Despite P2X7 receptor functions in glial cells have been extensively studied, the existence and roles of this receptor in neurons are still controversially discussed. Regardless, P2X7 receptors mediate several processes observed in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain tumors, such as activation of neuroinflammatory response, stimulation of glutamate release and neuroplasticity impairment. Moreover, P2X7 receptor gene polymorphisms have been associated to depression, and isoforms of P2X7 receptors are implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases. In view of that, the P2X7 receptor has been proposed to be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in brain diseases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying P2X7 receptor-mediated signaling in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and brain tumors. In addition, it highlights the recent advances in the development of P2X7 receptor antagonists that are able of penetrating the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Andrejew
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deidiane Elisa Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudiana Lameu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vilariño-Güell C, Zimprich A, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Herculano B, Wang Z, Matesanz F, Urcelay E, Vandenbroeck K, Leyva L, Gris D, Massaad C, Quandt JA, Traboulsee AL, Encarnacion M, Bernales CQ, Follett J, Yee IM, Criscuoli MG, Deutschländer A, Reinthaler EM, Zrzavy T, Mascia E, Zauli A, Esposito F, Alcina A, Izquierdo G, Espino-Paisán L, Mena J, Antigüedad A, Urbaneja-Romero P, Ortega-Pinazo J, Song W, Sadovnick AD. Exome sequencing in multiple sclerosis families identifies 12 candidate genes and nominates biological pathways for the genesis of disease. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008180. [PMID: 31170158 PMCID: PMC6553700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss and neuronal dysfunction. Although the majority of patients do not present familial aggregation, Mendelian forms have been described. We performed whole-exome sequencing analysis in 132 patients from 34 multi-incident families, which nominated likely pathogenic variants for MS in 12 genes of the innate immune system that regulate the transcription and activation of inflammatory mediators. Rare missense or nonsense variants were identified in genes of the fibrinolysis and complement pathways (PLAU, MASP1, C2), inflammasome assembly (NLRP12), Wnt signaling (UBR2, CTNNA3, NFATC2, RNF213), nuclear receptor complexes (NCOA3), and cation channels and exchangers (KCNG4, SLC24A6, SLC8B1). These genes suggest a disruption of interconnected immunological and pro-inflammatory pathways as the initial event in the pathophysiology of familial MS, and provide the molecular and biological rationale for the chronic inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration observed in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- MS Unit and Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Herculano
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zhe Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuencisla Matesanz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Urcelay
- Immunology Dept, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laura Leyva
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Denis Gris
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Charbel Massaad
- Toxicology, Pharmacology and Cell Signalisation—UMR-S 1124 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline A. Quandt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony L. Traboulsee
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mary Encarnacion
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecily Q. Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordan Follett
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Irene M. Yee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Maria G. Criscuoli
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela Deutschländer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Eva M. Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Mascia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zauli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Alcina
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Laura Espino-Paisán
- Immunology Dept, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Mena
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alfredo Antigüedad
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, S/N, Baracaldo, Spain
| | - Patricia Urbaneja-Romero
- Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple REEM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Ortega-Pinazo
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Unidad de Gestion Clínica de Neurociencias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A. Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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