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Sangster E, Lanka N, Acharya P, Virani S, Afreen S, Perthiani A, Nassar ST. Factors Contributing to the Development of Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e66432. [PMID: 39246867 PMCID: PMC11380372 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and is distinguished by neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. It has four categories based on clinical course, with relapsing-remitting being the most common type. MS predominantly manifests with motor and sensory dysfunctions. However, neuropsychiatric manifestations such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are not uncommon. Various factors may contribute to the development of these manifestations; therefore, this study aimed to unravel them. This systematic review implemented the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Five databases (PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) were used to acquire articles published in the past five years. After screening and quality appraisal were completed, eight articles were deemed eligible for inclusion in this study. The study designs included cohort, cross-sectional, randomized-controlled trial (RCT), case report, case-control, and narrative review. The development of neuropsychiatric manifestations in persons with MS is influenced by various factors. These were categorized into morphological changes of the brain, immunological mechanisms, socioeconomic factors, and individual factors for discussion. Each factor was found to intermingle with the others, requiring further research to understand the features that each factor contributes. This is crucial for improving the quality of life (QOL) and prognosis for persons living with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sangster
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, GRD
| | - Nidhi Lanka
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prakash Acharya
- General Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, NPL
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shikha Virani
- Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Surat, IND
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sumayya Afreen
- General Practice, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Arvin Perthiani
- General Surgery, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Drogheda, IRL
- General Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sondos T Nassar
- Medicine and Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, JOR
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Ahn S, Kim S, Zhang H, Dobalian A, Slavich GM. Lifetime adversity predicts depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1031-1049. [PMID: 38294127 PMCID: PMC11216061 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although life stress and adversity are well-known risk factors for mental health problems and cognitive impairment among older adults, limited research has comprehensively examined the impact of both childhood and adulthood adversity on psychiatric and cognitive impairment symptoms over a prolonged period. To address this issue, we investigated how lifetime adversity exposure is related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults in the United States. METHOD We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2016). The sample included 3496 individuals (59.9% female), aged ≥64 years old (Mage = 76.0 ± 7.6 years in 2016). We used the individual-level panel data and ordinary least squares regressions to estimate associations between childhood and adulthood adversities, and later-life depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Many participants experienced a significant early life (38%) or adulthood (79%) stressor. Moreover, experiencing one childhood adversity (vs. none) was associated with a 17.4% increased risk of adulthood adversity. Finally, as hypothesized, childhood adversity exposure was related to experiencing more depression and anxiety symptoms in later life, whereas adulthood stressor exposure predicted more cognitive impairment as well as more depression and anxiety symptoms. DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate significant associations between lifetime adversity and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in older adults. Screening for lifetime stressors may thus help healthcare professionals and policymakers identify individuals who could potentially benefit from interventions designed to reduce stress and enhance resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangNam Ahn
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Polick CS, Ploutz-Snyder R, Braley TJ, Connell CM, Stoddard SA. Fatigue, pain interference, and psychiatric morbidity in multiple sclerosis: The role of childhood stress. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292233. [PMID: 37851620 PMCID: PMC10584096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects nearly one million Americans. Despite the existence of immunomodulatory therapies to slow physical and cognitive disability progression, interventions to ameliorate common symptoms of MS, including fatigue and pain, remain limited. Poor understanding of risk factors for these symptoms may contribute to treatment challenges. In recent years, childhood stress has been investigated as a risk factor for chronic autoimmune conditions including MS; yet remarkably few studies have investigated the relationship between childhood stressors and chronic MS symptoms. Our aim was to examine clusters of stressors and three key features of MS: fatigue, pain interference, and psychiatric morbidity. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of People with MS (PwMS) via a national web-based survey that assessed the presence and type of childhood stressors and MS clinical features. Hierarchical block regression was used to assess associations among emotional, physical, and environmental childhood stressors and three clinical features commonly experienced by PwMS. RESULTS N = 719 adults with MS (aged 21-85) completed the survey. Childhood emotional and physical stressors were significantly associated with overall presence of fatigue (p = 0.02; p<0.03) and pain interference (p<0.001; p<0.001) in adulthood, as well as the magnitude of both outcomes. Environmental stressors (p<0.001), in addition to emotional (p<0.001) and physical (p<0.001) stressors were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity in PwMS. CONCLUSION Childhood stress may predict fatigue, psychiatric morbidity, and pain in adults with MS. Further research is needed to show cause and effect; however, if an association exists, strategies to mitigate the impact of childhood stress could offer new pathways to reduce the severity of these symptoms. Broadly, this work adds to the body of evidence supporting upstream preventive measures to help address the stress on children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carri S. Polick
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert Ploutz-Snyder
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Tiffany J. Braley
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Cathleen M. Connell
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Stoddard
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Murphy MLM, Sichko S, Bui TQ, Libowitz MR, Shields GS, Slavich GM. Intergenerational transmission of lifetime stressor exposure in adolescent girls at differential maternal risk for depression. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:431-448. [PMID: 35869956 PMCID: PMC9851932 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent girls who grow up with mothers who are depressed are themselves highly vulnerable to developing depression (i.e., "intergenerational transmission of depression"). Stressor exposure is a strong risk factor for depression, and the transmission of depression risk from mothers to daughters is partly due to mothers experiencing more stressors, increasing daughters' stressor burden. However, research in this area has only assessed recent stressors, making the role of cumulative lifetime stressors unclear. METHOD To address this issue, we recruited 52 dyads of mothers and adolescent daughters, of which 22 daughters were at high maternal risk for depression. Participants completed diagnostic interviews, and daughters additionally self-reported their depressive symptoms. Participants also completed the Stress and Adversity Inventory, a new-generation instrument for assessing cumulative lifetime history of acute and chronic stressors based on the contextual threat approach. We tested moderated mediation models evaluating the conditional indirect effects of mothers' lifetime stressors on high- versus low-risk daughters' depressive symptoms through daughters' lifetime stressors. RESULTS As hypothesized, mothers of high-risk (but not low-risk) adolescent daughters who reported more lifetime acute stressors had daughters who reported more lifetime acute stressors and current depressive symptoms. Moreover, this finding was driven specifically by mothers' stressors occurring after their daughters' births. There was also tentative evidence that high-risk daughters' lifetime chronic stressors potentiated the impact of daughters' acute stressors on their depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into how stressful contexts are transmitted intergenerationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L M Murphy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Stassja Sichko
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Theresa Q Bui
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mark R Libowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Adverse childhood experiences, diabetes and associated conditions, preventive care practices and health care access: A population-based study. Prev Med 2022; 160:107044. [PMID: 35398366 PMCID: PMC9218745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related conditions, and preventive care practices. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2009-2012, a cross-sectional, population-based survey, to assess ACEs, diabetes, and health care access in 179,375 adults. In those with diabetes (n = 21,007), we assessed the association of ACEs with myocardial infarction, stroke, and five Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) diabetes-related preventive-care objectives (n = 13,152). Healthcare access indicators included lack of a regular health care provider, insurance, and difficulty affording health care. Regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and race. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of diabetes increased in a stepwise fashion by ACE exposure, ranging from 1.2 (95% CI 1.1-1.3) for 1 ACE to 1.7 (95% CI 1.6-1.9) for ≥4 ACEs, versus having no ACEs. In persons with diabetes, those with ≥4 ACEs had an elevated adjusted odds of myocardial infarction (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) and stroke (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.4), versus having no ACEs. ACEs were also associated with a reduction in the adjusted percent of HP2020 diabetes objectives met: 72.9% (95% CI 71.3-74.5) for those with no ACEs versus only 66.5% (95% CI 63.8-69.3%) for those with ≥4 ACEs (p = 0.0002). Finally, ACEs predicted worse health care access in a stepwise fashion for all indicators. In conclusion, ACEs are associated with greater prevalence of diabetes and associated disease conditions, and with meeting fewer HP2020 prevention goals. Implementing ACE screening and trauma-informed health care practices are thus recommended.
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