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Mani K, Kleinbart E, Schlumprecht A, Golding R, Akioyamen N, Song H, De La Garza Ramos R, Eleswarapu A, Yang R, Geller D, Hoang B, Yassari R, Fourman MS. Area Socioeconomic Status is Associated with Refusal of Recommended Surgery in Patients with Metastatic Bone and Joint Disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4882-4893. [PMID: 38861205 PMCID: PMC11236857 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to identify associations between the Yost Index, a geocoded area neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) score, and race/ethnicity with patient refusal of recommended surgery for metastatic bone disease. METHODS Patients with metastatic bone disease were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The Yost Index was geocoded using factor analysis and categorized into quintiles using census tract-level American Community Service (ACS) 5-year estimates and seven nSES measures. Multivariable logistic regression models calculated odds ratios (ORs) of refusal of recommended surgery and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for clinical covariates. RESULTS A total of 138,257 patients were included, of which 14,943 (10.8%) were recommended for surgical resection. Patients in the lowest nSES quintile had 57% higher odds of refusing surgical treatment than those in the highest quintile (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.30-1.91, p < 0.001). Patients in the lowest nSES quintile also had a 31.2% higher age-adjusted incidence rate of not being recommended for surgery compared with those in the highest quintile (186.4 vs. 142.1 per 1 million, p < 0.001). Black patients had 34% higher odds of refusing treatment compared with White patients (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.14-1.58, p = 0.003). Advanced age, unmarried status, and patients with aggressive cancer subtypes were associated with higher odds of refusing surgery (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS nSES and race/ethnicity are independent predictors of a patient refusing surgery for metastatic cancer to bone, even after adjusting for various clinical covariates. Effective strategies for addressing these inequalities and improving the access and quality of care of patients with a lower nSES and minority backgrounds are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Mani
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Anne Schlumprecht
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Noel Akioyamen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hyun Song
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Ananth Eleswarapu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Geller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bang Hoang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Reza Yassari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S Fourman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Einstein, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Cox S, Dodo-Williams T, Branche B, García-Peñaloza N, Lucas M, Santiago-Lastra Y. A Framework for Addressing Health Disparities in Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction-Systematic Review and Neurogenic Bladder Research Group Recommendations. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:285-295. [PMID: 38609200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The systematic review and workshop recommendations by the Neurogenic Bladder Research Group offer a comprehensive framework for evaluating health disparities in adult neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). The study acknowledges the multifaceted nature of health, highlighting that medical care, though critical, is not the sole determinant of health outcomes. Social determinants of health significantly influence the disparities seen in NLUTD. This report calls for a shift in focus from traditional urologic care to a broader, more inclusive perspective that accounts for the complex interplay of social, economic, and health care factors in managing NLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanice Cox
- Burnett School of Medicine at TCU, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Taiwo Dodo-Williams
- University of California - San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brandee Branche
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mayra Lucas
- University of California - San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yahir Santiago-Lastra
- Division of Urogynecology, Neuro-Urology and Reconsructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Urology, University of California - San Diego, 9400 Campus Point Drive, MC7897, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Dykes EM, Zaid GK, Ngorsuraches S, Meador W. Descriptive Analysis of Health Disparities Between Black and White People With Multiple Sclerosis in the Deep South. Int J MS Care 2024; 26:167-173. [PMID: 38966398 PMCID: PMC11223039 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2023-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black people with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a worse disease course and higher rates of progression than White people with MS. Contributing factors to health disparities are understudied. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records of 500 people with MS treated between 2013 and 2022 at a university comprehensive MS center in a southern state. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between 2 disability outcomes (ie, low vs high Expanded Disability Status Score [EDSS] and ambulatory assistance [AMB] requirements) and age, sex, body mass index (BMI), MS type, disease duration, hypertension status, diabetes status, smoking status, adjusted gross income, and health insurance type for Black people with MS and White people with MS. RESULTS Of the cohort, 39.2% identified as Black people with MS and the rest were White people with MS. Approximately 80% of White people with MS had relapsing MS (RMS) vs almost 90% of Black people with MS. Black people with MS were more likely to have a higher EDSS (OR 5.0, CI 3.0-8.4) and AMB (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6-4.8) than White people with MS. Among White people with MS, women (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9) and people with RMS (OR, 0.13; 95% CI 0.06-0.3) were less likely to have higher EDSS scores. Among Black people with MS, neither female sex nor RMS status was associated with a lower risk of having a higher EDSS (OR, 0.685; P = .43 and OR, 0.394; P = .29, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The disparity in disability outcomes between Black people with MS and White people with MS may be driven by more disabling courses for Black people with RMS and by female sex, though further study is needed to determine causes for this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa M. Dykes
- From the University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ghaida K. Zaid
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - William Meador
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Patel S, Rafferty S, Aquino L, Chadha S, Ginocchio R, Cyr B, Fedorko J, Imitola J. VISIBL-MS: A bilingual educational framework to increase awareness of early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2024; 30:585-593. [PMID: 38357863 PMCID: PMC11010545 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241228739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advancements in treatments of multiple sclerosis (MS), there is a lack of awareness of early MS symptoms, especially in students and the public, contributing to delays in diagnosis and treatment. This review aims to identify gaps in tools to increase awareness and to provide a bilingual framework to facilitate recognition of early MS symptoms. METHODS We performed a literature review to determine the use of English and Spanish mnemonics in MS education for medical students and patients. RESULTS There is no educational tool to help remember the early signs of MS at present. Here we present a framework for early awareness encompassed in the bilingual mnemonics VISIBLY (English) and VISIBLE (Spanish). VISIBLY stands for (1) Vision changes: Painful vision loss, loss of color vision or double vision; (2) Belly or Back numbness and Balance issues; (3) Limb weakness or Numbness; (4), Young people. Spanish version is included in the manuscript. CONCLUSION We posit that VISIBL-MS provides a framework for MS awareness that addresses the interconnection between language, culture, health literacy, and health outcomes and can be a useful educational tool to tackle the effects of health literacy on diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Patel
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Seamus Rafferty
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Laura Aquino
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Undergraduate Programs, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Saloni Chadha
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, USA
| | - Richard Ginocchio
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Undergraduate Programs, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Brooke Cyr
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Undergraduate Programs, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Joshua Fedorko
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaime Imitola
- Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology and Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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Huynh TLT, Williams MJ, Motl RW. Walking and physical performance in black and white adults with multiple sclerosis controlling for social determinants of health. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 83:105439. [PMID: 38219300 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence for reduced walking and physical performance in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with healthy controls (HCs). There is further evidence suggesting increased overall mobility disability in Black persons with MS compared with White counterparts, yet little is known about the interplay of social determinants of health (SDOH) when considering differences in walking and physical performance. PURPOSE This cross-sectional, comparative study examined differences in walking and physical performance in Black and White persons with MS and HCs (MS Status), statistically controlling for SDOH. METHODS The study sample consisted of 208 persons with MS (141 White participants and 67 Black participants) and 95 HCs (59 White participants and 36 Black participants). Walking and physical function were measured using timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), six-minute walk (6MW), timed-up-and-go (TUG), and short physical performance battery (SPPB). We examined the differences in the walking and physical functions as a function of MS Status (MS vs. HCs) and Race (Black vs. White) using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance, controlling for age, sex, marital status and SDOH (i.e., education, employment, income). RESULTS There were no significant interactions between MS Status and Race on the outcomes, and the main effects of MS Status and Race remained statistically significant, controlling for SDOH and covariates. The main effects indicated significant lower T25FW (F = 34.6, p < .001, Ƞp2 = 0.11), 6MW (F = 58.5, p < .001, Ƞp2 = 0.18), TUG (F = 22.1, p < .001, Ƞp2 = 0.08), and SPPB (F = 25.2, p < .001, Ƞp2 = 0.09) performance for MS than HCs, and lower T25FW (F = 15.5, p < .001, Ƞp2 = 0.05), 6MW (F = 11.6, p < .001, Ƞp2 = 0.04), and TUG (F = 4.1, p < .05, Ƞp2 = 0.02) performance in Black than White samples. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that MS Status and Race independently influence walking and physical performance even after accounting for SDOH, and Black persons with MS have compromised walking and physical performance, perhaps necessitating focal rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinh L T Huynh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, School of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Robert W Motl
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, School of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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Williams MJ, Orlando C, Akisanya J, Amezcua L. Multiple Sclerosis in Black and Hispanic Populations: Serving the Underserved. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:295-317. [PMID: 37980120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis has historically been characterized as a disease that affects young women of European ancestry, but recent studies indicate that the incidence and prevalence of the disease is much higher in Black and Hispanic populations than previously recognized. There is evidence that there is a more severe disease course in these populations. , but the intersection of genetic underpinnings and social determinants of health (SDOH) is poorly understood due to the lack of diversity in clinical research. Improving health disparities will involve multiple stakeholders in efforts to improve SDOH and raise awareness about research involvement and the importance of developing personalized health care plans to combat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi J Williams
- Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Center, 767 Concord Road, SE, Smyrna, GA 30082, USA.
| | - Christopher Orlando
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/OrlandoMDMPH
| | - Jemima Akisanya
- Georgetown Department of Neurology, 10401 Hospital Drive, Suite 102, Clinton, MD 20735, USA. https://twitter.com/MimasMyelin
| | - Lilyana Amezcua
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 3000, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Vasileiou ES, Fitzgerald KC. Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis and Updates in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:481-496. [PMID: 37402064 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disorder characterized by inflammation and degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS). MS is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in the young adult population. Through ongoing research, an improved understanding of the disease underlying mechanisms and contributing factors has been achieved. As a result, therapeutic advancements and interventions have been developed specifically targeting the inflammatory components that influence disease outcome. Recently, a new type of immunomodulatory treatment, known as Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors, has surfaced as a promising tool to combat disease outcomes. Additionally, there is a renewed interested in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as a major potentiator of MS. Current research efforts are focused on addressing the gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS, particularly with respect to non-inflammatory drivers. Significant and compelling evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MS is complex and requires a comprehensive, multilevel intervention strategy. This review aims to provide an overview of MS pathophysiology and highlights the most recent advances in disease-modifying therapies and other therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni S Vasileiou
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Moore MZ, Pérez CA, Hutton GJ, Patel H, Cuascut FX. Health Disparities in Multiple Sclerosis among Hispanic and Black Populations in the United States. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041227. [PMID: 37189845 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Historically, research on MS has focused on White persons with MS. This preponderance of representation has important possible implications for minority populations with MS, from developing effective therapeutic agents to understanding the role of unique constellations of social determinants of health. A growing body of literature involving persons of historically underrepresented races and ethnicities in the field of multiple sclerosis is assembling. Our purpose in this narrative review is to highlight two populations in the United States: Black and Hispanic persons with multiple sclerosis. We will review the current understanding about the patterns of disease presentation, genetic considerations, response to treatment, roles of social determinants of health, and healthcare utilization. In addition, we explore future directions of inquiry as well as practical methods of meeting these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Moore
- Maxine Mesinger Multiple Sclerosis Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos A Pérez
- Maxine Mesinger Multiple Sclerosis Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George J Hutton
- Maxine Mesinger Multiple Sclerosis Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hemali Patel
- Maxine Mesinger Multiple Sclerosis Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fernando X Cuascut
- Maxine Mesinger Multiple Sclerosis Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pang M, Wang J, Tian T, Zhao J, Jiang X, Li H, Kong F. The mediating effect of social support on the association between socioeconomic status and self-reported oral health status among the migrant elderly following children in Weifang, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:619. [PMID: 36529752 PMCID: PMC9760054 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driven by population aging and the rapid urbanization in China, many migrant elderly following children (MEFC) moved to big cities to care for their grandchildren. The purpose of this study is to clarify the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and self-reported oral health status among the MEFC in Weifang, China. METHODS Multistage cluster random sampling was used to select the participants and finally 613 MEFC were included in the survey. The Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and the Chinese version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) scale were used for data collection. Descriptive analysis, Rao-Scott test, t-test and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted in this study. RESULTS Mean score of GOHAI of the MEFC was 54.95 ± 6.47. The SES of MEFC exerted positive direct effect both on social support (standardized coefficient = 0.15) and self-reported oral health status (standardized coefficient = 0.22); social support exerted positive direct effect on self-reported oral health status (standardized coefficient = 0.17). Social support partially mediated the association between SES and self-reported oral health status [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.003-0.064, P < 0.05], and the mediating effect of social support accounted for 12.0% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Higher GOHAI score of MEFC indicated their better self-reported oral health status. MEFCs' SES could exert positive effect both on social support and self-reported oral health status, while the mediating effect of social support between SES and self-reported oral health status of MEFC was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Pang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jieru Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Tingting Tian
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Xiaoxu Jiang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Hexian Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
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Li F, Liu J, Qiu F, Liu H, Xin S, Yang Q. Changes in mental health levels among Chinese physical education college students from 1995 to 2019. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1034221. [PMID: 36532988 PMCID: PMC9750175 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1034221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the changes in the mental health levels of Chinese physical education college students, the present study conducted a cross-temporal meta-analysis of 43 papers that adopted the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) from 1995 to 2019. The results showed that the average scores of the seven SCL-90 factors were negatively correlated with the year of data collection. The socioeconomic indicators (GDP, per capita GDP and household consumption level) were significantly negatively correlated with the eight dimension scores of the SCL-90 (except for phobic anxiety). The mean effect sizes of the sex differences in the seven dimension scores (except depression and phobic anxiety) were lower than the small effect size. In conclusion, Chinese physical education college students' mental health levels have increased in the past 25 years. This phenomenon may be related to Chinese socioeconomic growth, the implementation of national sports policies, and the provision of mental health education for college students. In addition, although the increasing trend in the mental health level of female students was more obvious, there were no significant sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Xi’an, China
| | - Jinxiao Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Fanshuo Qiu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Huitao Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Sufei Xin
- Department of Psychology, School of Educational Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Xi’an, China
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Abstract
Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. Evidence indicates that health behaviours, comorbidities and disease-modifying therapies all contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes; however, our knowledge of the effects of social determinants — that is, the ‘risks of risks’ — on health has not yet changed our approach to MS. Assessing and addressing social determinants of health could fundamentally improve health and health care in MS; this approach has already been successful in improving outcomes in other chronic diseases. In this narrative Review, we identify and discuss the body of evidence supporting an effect of many social determinants of health, including racial background, employment and social support, on MS outcomes. It must be noted that many of the published studies were subject to bias, and screening tools and/or practical interventions that address these social determinants are, for the most part, lacking. The existing work does not fully explore the potential bidirectional and complex relationships between social determinants of health and MS, and the interpretation of findings is complicated by the interactions and intersections among many of the identified determinants. On the basis of the reviewed literature, we consider that, if effective interventions targeting social determinants of health were available, they could have substantial effects on MS outcomes. Therefore, funding for and focused design of studies to evaluate and address social determinants of health are urgently needed. Here, the authors discuss the potential effects of social determinants of health on multiple sclerosis risk and outcomes. They suggest that addressing these determinants of health could substantially improve the lives of individuals with multiple sclerosis and call for more research. Addressing an individual’s social determinants of health — that is, the conditions under which they are born, grow, live, work and age — could provide opportunities to reduce the burden of living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Individual factors that may influence MS-related outcomes include sex, gender and sexuality, race and ethnicity, education and employment, socioeconomic status, and domestic abuse. Societal infrastructures, including access to food, health care and social support, can also affect MS-related outcomes. Awareness of the specific circumstances of a patient with MS might help neurologists deliver better care. Social determinants of health are not static and can change according to wider sociopolitical contexts, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Rigorous studies of interventions to ameliorate the effects of poor social determinants on people with MS are urgently needed.
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Okai AF, Howard AM, Williams MJ, Brink JD, Chen C, Stuchiner TL, Baraban E, Jeong G, Cohan SL. Advancing Care and Outcomes for African American Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 2022; 98:1015-1020. [PMID: 35470139 PMCID: PMC9231836 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) has historically been underdiagnosed and undertreated among African Americans. Recent evidence suggests that African Americans with MS have a different clinical presentation, increased disease incidence and burden, and worse long-term outcomes vs their White counterparts. Due to limited data available for African Americans in MS clinical trials, it is difficult to make informed, generalizable conclusions about the natural history, prognosis, and therapeutic response in this population. In this narrative review, we highlight the nature and magnitude of the health disparities experienced by African Americans with MS and underscore the pressing need to increase knowledge about and understanding of MS disease manifestations in this group. In addition, we describe the mission and objectives of the recently established National African Americans with Multiple Sclerosis Registry, which is intended to be a platform to advance the care of African Americans with MS and address health disparities they may experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette F Okai
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York.
| | - Annette M Howard
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Mitzi J Williams
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Justine D Brink
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Chiayi Chen
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Tamela L Stuchiner
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Elizabeth Baraban
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Grace Jeong
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
| | - Stanley L Cohan
- From the North Texas Institute of Neurology and Headache (A.F.O.), Plano; Multiple Sclerosis Institute of Texas (A.M.H.), Houston; Joi Life Wellness Multiple Sclerosis Neurology Center (M.J.W.), Smyrna, GA; Providence Brain and Spine Institute (J.D.B., C.C., T.L.S., E.B., S.L.C.), Portland, OR; and Alphabet Health (G.J.), New York
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