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A Review of Rigid Polymeric Cellular Foams and Their Greener Tannin-Based Alternatives. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193974. [PMID: 36235923 PMCID: PMC9572835 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the description of the main processes and materials used for the formulation of rigid polymer foams. Polyurethanes and their derivatives, as well as phenolic systems, are described, and their main components, foaming routes, end of life, and recycling are considered. Due to environmental concerns and the need to find bio-based alternatives for these products, special attention is given to a recent class of polymeric foams: tannin-based foams. In addition to their formulation and foaming procedures, their main structural, thermal, mechanical, and fire resistance properties are described in detail, with emphasis on their advanced applications and recycling routes. These systems have been shown to possess very interesting properties that allow them to be considered as potential substitutes for non-renewable rigid polymeric cellular foams.
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Espinosa MJC, Blanco AC, Schmidgall T, Atanasoff-Kardjalieff AK, Kappelmeyer U, Tischler D, Pieper DH, Heipieper HJ, Eberlein C. Toward Biorecycling: Isolation of a Soil Bacterium That Grows on a Polyurethane Oligomer and Monomer. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:404. [PMID: 32292389 PMCID: PMC7118221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of plastic waste and a sustainable use of synthetic polymers is one of the major challenges of the twenty first century. Waste valorization strategies can contribute to the solution of this problem. Besides chemical recycling, biological degradation could be a promising tool. Among the high diversity of synthetic polymers, polyurethanes are widely used as foams and insulation materials. In order to examine bacterial biodegradability of polyurethanes, a soil bacterium was isolated from a site rich in brittle plastic waste. The strain, identified as Pseudomonas sp. by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and membrane fatty acid profile, was able to grow on a PU-diol solution, a polyurethane oligomer, as the sole source of carbon and energy. In addition, the strain was able to use 2,4-diaminotoluene, a common precursor and putative degradation intermediate of polyurethanes, respectively, as sole source of energy, carbon, and nitrogen. Whole genome sequencing of the strain revealed the presence of numerus catabolic genes for aromatic compounds. Growth on potential intermediates of 2,4-diaminotoluene degradation, other aromatic growth substrates and a comparison with a protein data base of oxygenases present in the genome, led to the proposal of a degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Colina Blanco
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tabea Schmidgall
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Kappelmeyer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research - HZI, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Eberlein
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Effect of phase composition on the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide obtained from supercritical antisolvent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 535:245-254. [PMID: 30312950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles is highly dependent on their phase composition. The coexistence of anatase and rutile phases in a single nanoparticle eases the electron transfer process between the phases, and favors the separation of photogenerated pairs. In this work, highly photoactive mixed-phase TiO2 nanostructures were prepared by supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS), an environmentally friendly technology. It is shown here that this methodology has the remarkable ability to produce highly porous (515 m2/g) and crystalline TiO2 nanoparticles. The phase composition of as-prepared TiO2 samples can be tailored through annealing process. Several mixed-phase TiO2 samples were tested to assess the correlation between photocatalytic activity and phase composition. The photocatalytic performance is strongly affected by the anatase-rutile ratio, since the synergism between phases enhances the charge separation, reducing the recombination effect of the photogenerated pairs (e-/h+). It was found that the nanocatalyst composed by 7.0 wt% of rutile phase and 93.0 wt% of anatase phase, named as TiO2_650, presented the highest photodegradation for both methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. Interestingly, TiO2 samples prepared by SAS have superior photoactivity than the benchmark photocatalyst names as P25, which is a widely used TiO2 material composed of anatase and rutile phases.
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Cregut M, Bedas M, Durand MJ, Thouand G. New insights into polyurethane biodegradation and realistic prospects for the development of a sustainable waste recycling process. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1634-47. [PMID: 23978675 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are polymeric plastics that were first used as substitutes for traditional polymers suspected to release volatile organic hazardous substances. The limitless conformations and formulations of polyurethanes enabled their use in a wide variety of applications. Because approximately 10 Mt of polyurethanes is produced each year, environmental concern over their considerable contribution to landfill waste accumulation appeared in the 1990s. To date, no recycling processes allow for the efficient reuse of polyurethane waste due to their high resistance to (a)biotic disturbances. To find alternatives to systematic accumulation or incineration of polyurethanes, a bibliographic analysis was performed on major scientific advances in the polyurethane (bio)degradation field to identify opportunities for the development of new technologies to recondition this material. Until polymers exhibiting oxo- or hydro-biodegradative traits are generated, conventional polyurethanes that are known to be only slightly biodegradable are of great concern. The research focused on polyurethane biodegradation highlights recent attempts to reprocess conventional industrial polyurethanes via microbial or enzymatic degradation. This review describes several wonderful opportunities for the establishment of new processes for polyurethane recycling. Meeting these new challenges could lead to the development of sustainable management processes involving polymer recycling or reuse as environmentally safe options for industries. The ability to upgrade polyurethane wastes to chemical compounds with a higher added value would be especially attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Cregut
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS, 6144 GEPEA CBAC lab, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85035 La Roche sur Yon, France
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Banas K, Banas A, Moser HO, Bahou M, Li W, Yang P, Cholewa M, Lim SK. Multivariate Analysis Techniques in the Forensics Investigation of the Postblast Residues by Means of Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3038-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100115r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Banas
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - A. Banas
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - H. O. Moser
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - M. Bahou
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - W. Li
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - P. Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - M. Cholewa
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
| | - S. K. Lim
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Physics Department, National University of Singapore (NUS), 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and Forensic Management Branch, Criminal Investigation Department, Police Cantonment Complex 391 New Bridge Road No. 20-04 CID Tower Block C, Singapore 088762
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