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Bita T, Antoniac A, Ciuca I, Miculescu M, Cotrut CM, Paltanea G, Dura H, Corneschi I, Antoniac I, Carstoc ID, Bodog AD. Effect of Fluoride Coatings on the Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn Alloys for Medical Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4508. [PMID: 37444822 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The most critical shortcoming of magnesium alloys from the point of view of medical devices is the high corrosion rate, which is not well-correlated with clinical needs. It is well- known that rapid degradation occurs when an implant made of Mg-based alloys is placed inside the human body. Consequently, the implant loses its mechanical properties and failure can occur even if it is not completely degraded. The corrosion products that appear after Mg-based alloy degradation, such as H2 and OH- can have an essential role in decreasing biocompatibility due to the H2 accumulation process in the tissues near the implant. In order to control the degradation process of the Mg-based alloys, different coatings could be applied. The aim of the current paper is to evaluate the effect of fluoride coatings on the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys from the system Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn potentially used for orthopedic trauma implants. The main functional properties required for the magnesium alloys to be used as implant materials, such as surface properties and corrosion behavior, were studied before and after surface modifications by fluoride conversion, with and without preliminary sandblasting, of two magnesium alloys from the system Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn. The experimental results showed that chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental magnesium alloys from the Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn system. Also, high surface free energy values obtained for the alloys treated with hydrofluoric acid correlated with wettability lead to the conclusion that there is an increased chance for biological factor adsorption and cell proliferation. Chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid is useful as a method of increasing corrosion resistance for the experimental Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiberiu Bita
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Ciuca
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Miculescu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Cotrut
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Paltanea
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horatiu Dura
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Iuliana Corneschi
- Romfire Protect Solution S.R.L., 39 Drumul Taberei, District 6, 061359 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romania Scientist, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Dana Carstoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alin Danut Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Gambaro S, Nascimento ML, Shekargoftar M, Ravanbakhsh S, Sales V, Paternoster C, Bartosch M, Witte F, Mantovani D. Characterization of a Magnesium Fluoride Conversion Coating on Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Zn Screws for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8245. [PMID: 36431729 PMCID: PMC9692750 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MgF2-coated screws made of a Mg-2Y-1Mn-1Zn alloy, called NOVAMag® fixation screws (biotrics bioimplants AG), were tested in vitro for potential applications as biodegradable implants, and showed a controlled corrosion rate compared to non-coated screws. While previous studies regarding coated Mg-alloys have been carried out on flat sample surfaces, the present work focused on functional materials and final biomedical products. The substrates under study had a complex 3D geometry and a nearly cylindrical-shaped shaft. The corrosion rate of the samples was investigated using an electrochemical setup, especially adjusted to evaluate these types of samples, and thus, helped to improve an already patented coating process. A MgF2/MgO coating in the µm-range was characterized for the first time using complementary techniques. The coated screws revealed a smoother surface than the non-coated ones. Although the cross-section analysis revealed some fissures in the coating structure, the electrochemical studies using Hanks' salt solution demonstrated the effective role of MgF2 in retarding the alloy degradation during the initial stages of corrosion up to 24 h. The values of polarization resistance (Rp) of the coated samples extrapolated from the Nyquist plots were significantly higher than those of the non-coated samples, and impedance increased significantly over time. After 1200 s exposure, the Rp values were 1323 ± 144 Ω.cm2 for the coated samples and 1036 ± 198 Ω.cm2 for the non-coated samples, thus confirming a significant decrease in the degradation rate due to the MgF2 layer. The corrosion rates varied from 0.49 mm/y, at the beginning of the experiment, to 0.26 mm/y after 1200 s, and decreased further to 0.01 mm/y after 24 h. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of the applied MgF2 film in slowing down the corrosion of the bulk material, allowing the magnesium-alloy screws to be competitive as dental and orthopedic solutions for the biodegradable implants market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gambaro
- National Research Council, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, CNR-ICMATE, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - M. Lucia Nascimento
- Biotrics Bioimplants AG, Ullsteinstrasse 108, 12109 Berlin, Germany
- Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Masoud Shekargoftar
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Samira Ravanbakhsh
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vinicius Sales
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Carlo Paternoster
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marco Bartosch
- Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Witte
- Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Straße 4–6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering and University Hospital Research Center, Regenerative Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Shi L, Chen S, Zheng F, Mingming L, Yang H, Zhang B. Corrosion resistance evaluation of biodegradable magnesium alloy vascular stents optimized by mechanical adapted polymer coating strategy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Feasibility and Efficacy of a Degradable Magnesium-Alloy GBR Membrane for Bone Augmentation in a Distal Bone-Defect Model in Beagle Dogs. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4941635. [PMID: 35371192 PMCID: PMC8967573 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4941635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the feasibility and efficacy of a degradable magnesium (Mg) alloy guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the treatment of bone defects after tooth extraction. A GBR membrane (MAR-Gide (MG)) was used to treat a mandibular second molar (M2M)-distal bone defect (DBD). In eight beagle dogs, bilateral mandibular second and fourth premolars were hemi-sected. The distal roots were removed to create a two-wall bony defect of dimension 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm to simulate M2M-DBD. Thirty-two bone defects were assigned randomly into four groups according to GBR membranes (MG and Bio-Gide (BG)) applied and the time of killing (3 months and 6 months after surgery). The osteogenesis of bone defects and MG degradation were analyzed using micro-CT, histology (staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. MG did not increase the prevalence of infection, wound dehiscence, or subcutaneous emphysema compared with those using BG. Trabecular volume/total volume at 3 months (63.71 ± 10.4% vs. 59.97 ± 8.94%) was significantly higher in the group MG than that in the group BG. Implanted MG was degraded completely within 3 months, and "island-shaped" new bone was found near MG degradation products. A significant difference was not found in vertical bone height or percent of new bone formation (45.44 ± 12.28% vs. 43.49 ± 7.12%) between the groups. The concentration of rare-earth elements in mandibular lymph nodes of the group MG was significantly higher than that of the group BG (P ≤ 0.017) but did not lead to histopathological changes. In summary, MG exhibited good biocompatibility and clinical applicability compared with BG in vivo. The osteogenic effect of MG could be enhanced by regulating the degradation rate of Mg-alloy.
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Quan PH, Antoniac I, Miculescu F, Antoniac A, Păltânea VM, Robu A, Bița AI, Miculescu M, Saceleanu A, Bodog AD, Saceleanu V. Fluoride Treatment and In Vitro Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Nd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloys Type. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020566. [PMID: 35057284 PMCID: PMC8779082 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride conversion coatings on Mg present many advantages, among which one can find the reduction of the corrosion rate under “in vivo” or “in vitro” conditions and the promotion of the calcium phosphate deposition. Moreover, the fluoride ions released from MgF2 do not present cytotoxic effects and inhibit the biofilm formation, and thus these treated alloys are very suitable for cardiovascular stents and biodegradable orthopedic implants. In this paper, the biodegradation behavior of four new magnesium biodegradable alloys that have been developed in the laboratory conditions, before and after surface modifications by fluoride conversion (and sandblasting) coatings, are analyzed. We performed structural and surface analysis (XRD, SEM, contact angle) before and after applying different surface treatments. Furthermore, we studied the electrochemical behavior and biodegradation of all experimental samples after immersion test performed in NaCl solution. For a better evaluation, we also used LM and SEM for evaluation of the corroded samples after immersion test. The results showed an improved corrosion resistance for HF treated alloy in the NaCl solution. The chemical composition, uniformity, thickness and stability of the layers generated on the surface of the alloys significantly influence their corrosion behavior. Our study reveals that HF treatment is a beneficial way to improve the biofunctional properties required for the studied magnesium alloys to be used as biomaterials for manufacturing the orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Hong Quan
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romania Scientist, 54 Splaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Miculescu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Veronica Manescu Păltânea
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Robu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Iulia Bița
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marian Miculescu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Saceleanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Alin Dănuț Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Vicentiu Saceleanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Street, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
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Jung O, Hesse B, Stojanovic S, Seim C, Weitkamp T, Batinic M, Goerke O, Kačarević ŽP, Rider P, Najman S, Barbeck M. Biocompatibility Analyses of HF-Passivated Magnesium Screws for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212567. [PMID: 34830451 PMCID: PMC8624161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most promising materials for human use in surgery due to material characteristics such as its elastic modulus as well as its resorbable and regenerative properties. In this study, HF-coated and uncoated novel bioresorbable magnesium fixation screws for maxillofacial and dental surgical applications were investigated in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the biocompatibility of the HF coating. Methods: Mg alloy screws that had either undergone a surface treatment with hydrofluoric-acid (HF) or left untreated were investigated. In vitro investigation included XTT, BrdU and LDH in accordance with the DIN ISO 10993-5/-12. In vivo, the screws were implanted into the tibia of rabbits. After 3 and 6 weeks, degradation, local tissue reactions and bony integration were analyzed histopathologically and histomorphometrically. Additionally, SEM/EDX analysis and synchrotron phase-contrast microtomography (µCT) measurements were conducted. The in vitro analyses revealed that the Mg screws are cytocompatible, with improved results when the surface had been passivated with HF. In vivo, the HF-treated Mg screws implanted showed a reduction in gas formation, slower biodegradation and a better bony integration in comparison to the untreated Mg screws. Histopathologically, the HF-passivated screws induced a layer of macrophages as part of its biodegradation process, whereas the untreated screws caused a slight fibrous tissue reaction. SEM/EDX analysis showed that both screws formed a similar layer of calcium phosphates on their surfaces and were surrounded by bone. Furthermore, the µCT revealed the presence of a metallic core of the screws, a faster absorbing corrosion front and a slow absorbing region of corroded magnesium. Conclusions: Overall, the HF-passivated Mg fixation screws showed significantly better biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo compared to the untreated screws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jung
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | | | - Sanja Stojanovic
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.N.)
- Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Timm Weitkamp
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France;
| | - Milijana Batinic
- Department of Ceramic Materials, Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institute for Materials Science and Technologies, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (O.G.)
- Department of Anatomy Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Oliver Goerke
- Department of Ceramic Materials, Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institute for Materials Science and Technologies, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (O.G.)
| | - Željka Perić Kačarević
- Department of Anatomy Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Patrick Rider
- Department of Anatomy Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Stevo Najman
- Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia; (S.S.); (S.N.)
- Scientific Research Center for Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Department for Cell and Tissue Engineering, University of Niš, 18108 Niš, Serbia
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Department of Anatomy Histology, Embryology, Pathology Anatomy and Pathology Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-176-810-224-6
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Shang Z, Zhao B, Jiao M, Liu W, Cheng M, Zhai B, Guo Y, Liu B, Shi X, Ma B. Biodegradable metals for bone defect repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on animal studies. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4027-4052. [PMID: 33997491 PMCID: PMC8089787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals are promising candidates for bone defect repair. With an evidence-based approach, this study investigated and analyzed the performance and degradation properties of biodegradable metals in animal models for bone defect repair to explore their potential clinical translation. Animal studies on bone defect repair with biodegradable metals in comparison with other traditional biomaterials were reviewed. Data was carefully collected after identification of population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS), and following the inclusion criteria of biodegradable metals in animal studies. 30 publications on pure Mg, Mg alloys, pure Zn and Zn alloys were finally included after extraction from a collected database of 2543 publications. A qualitative systematic review and a quantitative meta-analysis were performed. Given the heterogeneity in animal model, anatomical site and critical size defect (CSD), biodegradable metals exhibited mixed effects on bone defect repair and degradation in animal studies in comparison with traditional non-degradable metals, biodegradable polymers, bioceramics, and autogenous bone grafts. The results indicated that there were limitations in the experimental design of the included studies, and quality of the evidence presented by the studies was very low. To enhance clinical translation of biodegradable metals, evidence-based research with data validity is needed. Future studies should adopt standardized experimental protocols in investigating the effects of biodegradable metals on bone defect repair with animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zhang
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yanbiao Jiang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Shang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Bing Zhao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Mingyue Jiao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Maobo Cheng
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bao Zhai
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xinli Shi
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Bin Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
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Jana A, Das M, Balla VK. In vitro and in vivo degradation assessment and preventive measures of biodegradable Mg alloys for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:462-487. [PMID: 34418295 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been widely explored as a potential biodegradable implant material. However, the fast degradation of Mg-based alloys under physiological environment has hindered their widespread use for implant applications till date. The present review focuses on in vitro and in vivo degradation of biodegradable Mg alloys, and preventive measures for biomedical applications. Initially, the corrosion assessment approaches to predict the degradation behavior of Mg alloys are discussed along with the measures to control rapid corrosion. Furthermore, this review attempts to explore the correlation between in vitro and in vivo corrosion behavior of different Mg alloys. It was found that the corrosion depends on experimental conditions, materials and the results of different assessment procedures hardly matches with each other. It has been demonstrated the corrosion rate of magnesium can be tailored by alloying elements, surface treatments and heat treatments. Various researches also studied different biocompatible coatings such as dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), and so on, on Mg alloys to suppress rapid degradation and examine their influence on new bone regeneration as well. This review shows the need for a standard method of corrosion assessment to predict the in vivo corrosion rate based on in vitro data, and thus reducing the in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Jana
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitun Das
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vamsi Krishna Balla
- Bioceramics & Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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9
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Zhang N, Wang W, Zhang X, Nune KC, Zhao Y, Liu N, Misra R, Yang K, Tan L, Yan J. The effect of different coatings on bone response and degradation behavior of porous magnesium-strontium devices in segmental defect regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:1765-1776. [PMID: 33313453 PMCID: PMC7718143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of long-bone segmental defects remains a challenge for orthopedic surgery. Current treatment options often require several revision procedures to maintain acceptable alignment and achieve osseous healing. A novel hollow tubular system utilizing magnesium-strontium (Mg-Sr) alloy with autogenous morselized bone filled inside to repair segmental defects was developed. To improve the corrosion and biocompatible properties, two coatings, Ca-P and Sr-P coatings, were prepared on surface of the implants. Feasibility of applying these coated implants was systematically evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and simultaneously to have a better understanding on the relationship of degradation and bone regeneration on the healing process. According to the in vitro corrosion study by electrochemical measurements, greater corrosion resistance was obtained for Ca-P coated sample, and attributed to the double-layer protective structure. The cytotoxicity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays demonstrated enhanced bioactivity for Sr-P coated group because of the long-lasting release of beneficial Sr2+. At 12 weeks post-implantation with Mg-Sr alloy porous device, the segmental defects were effectively repaired with respect to both integrity and continuity. In addition, compared with the Ca-P coated implant, the Sr-P coated implant was more proficient at promoting bone formation and mineralization. In summary, the Sr-P coated implants have bioactive properties and exceptional durability, and promote bone healing that is close to the natural rate, implying their potential application for the regeneration of segmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Weidan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Krishna. C. Nune
- Department of Metallurgical, Material and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at EI Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ying Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161000, China
| | - R.D.K. Misra
- Department of Metallurgical, Material and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at EI Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lili Tan
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Dai CY, Gao X, Zhai C, Jia Q, Zhao BC, Shi H, Gao Q, Cai H, Lee ES, Jiang HB. Corrosion Evaluation of Pure Mg Coated by Fluorination in 0.1 M Fluoride Electrolyte. SCANNING 2021; 2021:5574946. [PMID: 34055130 PMCID: PMC8140829 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5574946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing research on the application of biodegradable materials, surface treatment of is considered to be a relatively effective solution to the excessive degradation rates of Mg alloys. In this study, to further optimize the proven effective surface coatings of fluoride, a low-voltage preparation fluorination method was used to achieve coating effectiveness under safer conditions. Optical observation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and potential dynamic polarization (PDP) experiments were used for the analysis and evaluation. The coating characteristics of the MgF2 coatings treated in the 10-90 V voltage range, including the structure, chemical conformation, and electrochemical corrosion assessment, were fully defined. The anodic fluoridation results showed that a pore structure of 1-14 μm thickness was formed on the Mg alloy substrate, and the coating was composed of Mg fluoride. The results of immersion corrosion and electrochemical corrosion experiments showed that compared with pure Mg, anodic fluorinated samples below 40 V exhibited better corrosion resistance, the prepared MgF2 coating was more uniform, and the surface mostly exhibited point corrosion. When the voltage reached or exceeded 60 V, the prepared coating exhibited poor corrosion resistance, fracture, and protrusions. After corrosion, it mostly exhibited surface corrosion. The results indicate that idealized coatings can be obtained at relatively low and safe voltage ranges. This finding may enable more economical, environmentally friendly, and safe preparation of coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yu Dai
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xinzhe Gao
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - ChuanYao Zhai
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Qi Jia
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Bing Cheng Zhao
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - HaoYu Shi
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Qingting Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi, China
| | - HongXin Cai
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Bo Jiang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
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11
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Corrosion Behavior, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Novel Mg-Zn-Ca-Er Alloy for Bio-Medical Applications. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of calcium (Ca) and erbium (Er) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of magnesium-zinc alloys is reported. The alloys were prepared using disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) technique using the alloying additions as Zn, Ca, and Mg-Er master alloys and followed by hot extrusion. Results show that alloying addition of Er has significantly reduced the grain sizes of Mg-Zn alloys and also when compared to pure magnesium base material. It also has substantially enhanced both the tensile and the compressive properties by favoring the formation of MgZn2 type secondary phases that are uniformly distributed during hot-extrusion. The quaternary Mg-Zn-Ca-Er alloy exhibited the highest strength due to lower grain size and particle strengthening due to the influence of the rare earth addition Er. The observed elongation was a result of extensive twinning observed in the alloys. Also, the degradation rates have been substantially reduced as a result of alloying additions and it is attributed to the barrier effect caused by the secondary phases.
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12
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Preparation and Characterization of Sustained-Release Naringin Coating on Magnesium Surface. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Given the three-dimensional multi-level structure of natural bone and the multi-factor time-shifting effect in the healing process after bone trauma, there are plans to introduce drug-controlled release systems into the treatment of orthopedic diseases. To achieve multi-level loading and controlled release of biologically active substances, it is necessary to create synergistic behavior between biological factors, thereby improving the bone regeneration ability of artificial bone replacement materials. A naringin-loaded (NG) coating was prepared, compared with ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation (UMAO). The coating was characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion resistance of the coating was studied through the wetting angle and polarization curve. The high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to test the release of the drug. It can be seen from the experimental results that the NG coating has a larger wetting angle and better corrosion resistance. In addition, the NG coating produces more apatite substances and has good biological activity. The NG coatings can stimulate the natural bone regeneration and repair process by releasing drugs during the process, which can effectively promote bone regeneration and repair after implantation in the body.
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13
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Gao X, Dai CY, Jia Q, Zhai C, Shi H, Yang Y, Zhao BC, Cai H, Lee ES, Jiang HB. In Vivo Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy by MAF Treatment. SCANNING 2021; 2021:5530788. [PMID: 34025899 PMCID: PMC8112943 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5530788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coating treatment plays an irreplaceable role in propelling the clinical application of magnesium alloys. This experiment was designed in order to observe the anticorrosion behavior of magnesium fluoride coating in rats. The MgF2 layer was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy in saturated NH4HF2 solution by microarc fluorination (MAF) at 190 V. The cross-sectional SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis indicated that the alloy surface was covered with MgF2. Meanwhile, SEM observation was used to compare the magnesium alloy samples before and after treatment, and it was found that the samples after coating were flatter and smoother. Two sets of experiments were carried out with the subjects, 6-week-old male rats. So that the untreated AZ31 samples and the microarc fluorinated AZ31 samples could be buried under the muscle layer individually. The volume changes and surface morphology of the corroded samples were monitored dynamically using micro-CT over a 16-week period in vivo. Comparison of results between the two sets of samples presented that the corrosion of the microarc fluoridated samples was much slower than that of the untreated ones. The MAF coating was shown to be effective in controlling the corrosion rate and progression of the magnesium alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Gao
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Chun Yu Dai
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Qi Jia
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - ChuanYao Zhai
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - HaoYu Shi
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Bing Cheng Zhao
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - HongXin Cai
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heng Bo Jiang
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
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14
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Chen YT, Hung FY, Lin YL, Lin CY. Biodegradation ZK50 magnesium alloy compression screws: Mechanical properties, biodegradable characteristics and implant test. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:1107-1115. [PMID: 32220468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium alloy implants have lower stress load and can be absorbed gradually, but their degradation rates are too fast generally. A magnesium alloy contained 5% Zn and 0.5% Zr (ZK50) which have lower degradation rate are designed to be applied to cannulated bone screw. METHODS An oxidation heat treatment of 380 °C for 2 h proceeds to modify the ZK50 Mg alloy (ZK50-H). The microstructure observation, degradation tests and Biocompatibility analysis are proceeded between ZK50 and ZK50-H. Finally, a mini-pig implantation test is proceeded to provide a reference of implant application for future pre-clinical evaluation. RESULTS The heat treatment can improve the mechanical properties. A passive ceramic layer formed after simulated body fluid (SBF) solution immersion can restrict the degradation effectively. The cytotoxicity test shows the initial biosafety of ZK50 Mg alloy. A mini-pig implantation test of bone screw has proceeded to confirm the advanced biocompatibility. The ZK50-H screws can maintain enough support at least 8 weeks which the fracture of bone can get curing. The excellent osteoinduction of ZK50-H has a positive effect to growth of new bones and help the mini-pig regain heal faster in 12 weeks. CONCLUSION This study shows ZK50-H Mg alloy screw is a feasible degradation implant and can be carried out the next-step clinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yi Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ling Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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15
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Barbeck M, Kühnel L, Witte F, Pissarek J, Precht C, Xiong X, Krastev R, Wegner N, Walther F, Jung O. Degradation, Bone Regeneration and Tissue Response of an Innovative Volume Stable Magnesium-Supported GBR/GTR Barrier Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093098. [PMID: 32353983 PMCID: PMC7247710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bioresorbable collagenous barrier membranes are used to prevent premature soft tissue ingrowth and to allow bone regeneration. For volume stable indications, only non-absorbable synthetic materials are available. This study investigates a new bioresorbable hydrofluoric acid (HF)-treated magnesium (Mg) mesh in a native collagen membrane for volume stable situations. Materials and Methods: HF-treated and untreated Mg were compared in direct and indirect cytocompatibility assays. In vivo, 18 New Zealand White Rabbits received each four 8 mm calvarial defects and were divided into four groups: (a) HF-treated Mg mesh/collagen membrane, (b) untreated Mg mesh/collagen membrane (c) collagen membrane and (d) sham operation. After 6, 12 and 18 weeks, Mg degradation and bone regeneration was measured using radiological and histological methods. Results: In vitro, HF-treated Mg showed higher cytocompatibility. Histopathologically, HF-Mg prevented gas cavities and was degraded by mononuclear cells via phagocytosis up to 12 weeks. Untreated Mg showed partially significant more gas cavities and a fibrous tissue reaction. Bone regeneration was not significantly different between all groups. Discussion and Conclusions: HF-Mg meshes embedded in native collagen membranes represent a volume stable and biocompatible alternative to the non-absorbable synthetic materials. HF-Mg shows less corrosion and is degraded by phagocytosis. However, the application of membranes did not result in higher bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Barbeck
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Study Group: Biomaterials/Surfaces, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- BerlinAnalytix GmbH, 12109 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-176-81022467
| | - Lennart Kühnel
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Study Group: Biomaterials/Surfaces, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Witte
- Biotrics Bioimplants GmbH, 12109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Clarissa Precht
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Study Group: Biomaterials/Surfaces, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xin Xiong
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Rumen Krastev
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Nils Wegner
- Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frank Walther
- Department of Materials Test Engineering (WPT), TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ole Jung
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Regenerative Orofacial Medicine, Study Group: Biomaterials/Surfaces, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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16
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Wu J, Zhao D, Lee B, Roy A, Yao R, Chen S, Dong Z, Heineman WR, Kumta PN. Effect of Lithium and Aluminum on the Mechanical Properties, In Vivo and In Vitro Degradation, and Toxicity of Multiphase Ultrahigh Ductility Mg-Li-Al-Zn Quaternary Alloys for Vascular Stent Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1950-1964. [PMID: 33455316 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys are the most widely studied biodegradable metals for biodegradable vascular stent application. Two major issues with current magnesium alloy based stents are their low ductility and fast corrosion rates. Several studies have validated that introduction of Li into the magnesium alloys will significantly improve the ductility while alloying with Al will improve the corrosion resistance and strength. In the present study, we studied the effects of alloying different amounts of Li and Al on the Mg-Li-Al-Zn (LAZ) quaternary alloy system. Rods were made from four different LAZ alloys, namely, LAZ611, LAZ631, LAZ911, and LAZ931 following melting, casting, and then extrusion. Systematic assessment of mechanical properties, in vitro corrosion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo degradation including local and systemic toxicity conducted demonstrated the beneficial effects of Li and Al on the mechanical properties. Our results specifically suggest that alloying with Li significantly improved the ductility while Al enhanced the strength of the LAZ alloys. Four of the LAZ alloys exhibited different corrosion rates in Hank's balanced salt solution depending on the chemical composition. Indirect in vitro cytotoxicity tests also showed lower cytotoxicity for the alloys exhibiting higher corrosion resistance. In vivo corrosion rates in the mouse subcutaneous model showed different corrosion rates compared to the in vitro tests. Nevertheless, all of the four LAZ alloys displayed no local and systemic toxicity based on the histology analysis. This research study, therefore, demonstrated the benefits of using Li and Al as alloying elements in LAZ alloys and the potential use of LAZ alloys for vascular stent application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Daoli Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Boeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Abhijit Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Raymon Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Shauna Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Zhongyun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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17
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Li J, Xu W, Lin X, Cao F, Yang J, Li L, Wei X, Zhang X, Zhao D, Yang K. A Ca-deficientca-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)/MgF 2 bi-layer coating with unique nano-scale topography on biodegradable high-purity Mg. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110911. [PMID: 32146277 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced corrosion resistance and accelerated new bone formation are desired to make Mg and its alloys to be ideal candidate for bone biomaterial. For this purpose, a CDHA/MgF2 bi-layer coating was prepared on high purity Mg by a combination of fluoride treatment and hydrothermal treatment. The coating exhibited a nanoscale surface topography. Enhanced adhesion strength and corrosion resistance was obtained for the CDHA/MgF2 bi-layer coating. In vitro cell experiment showed that the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MG63 cells were significantly improved on Mg with CDHA/MgF2 coating compared to that on Mg with HA coating and MgF2 coating. In conclusion, this study provides a promising surface modification method for Mg metal with enhanced corrosion resistance and superior osteogenic bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215006, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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18
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Wang C, Fang H, Hang C, Sun Y, Peng Z, Wei W, Wang Y. Fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin coating on APTES pretreated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110742. [PMID: 32204050 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To delay the degradation of magnesium alloys, silk fibroin as a natural organic polymer coating was fabricated on a 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES) pretreated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy. APTES pretreatment coated the surface of magnesium alloys with amino groups, which can bond with functional groups in silk fibroin to form a compact coating/substrate interface. The influences of the APTES concentration and drying temperature on the coating adhesion and interface were investigated to explore the optimal parameters in the fabrication process. The nanoporous silk fibroin films completely covered the APTES pretreated Mg-Zn-Ca surface, which reached a thickness of ~7 μm. The chemical states for the coated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy were compared to those of the bare Mg-Zn-Ca alloy and the APTES pretreated Mg-Zn-Ca alloy to illustrate the coating mechanism. During in vitro degradation and electrochemical measurements in simulated body fluid (SBF), the samples with the silk fibroin coating showed remarkably improved corrosion resistance and a slower degradation rate compared to those of the bare samples, suggesting that the silk fibroin coating was an effective protection coating for the substrates and can delay the degradation of magnesium alloys. Moreover, a model for the in vitro degradation was proposed. In vitro cell experiments confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of silk fibroin coated Mg-Zn-Ca structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunjin Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Harbin 242 Hospital, Harbin 150066, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Institute of Hard Tissue Development and Regeneration, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
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Du X, Song Y, Xuan X, Chen S, Wu X, Jiang HB, Lee ES, Wang X. Characterization of a Bioresorbable Magnesium-Reinforced PLA-Integrated GTR/GBR Membrane as Dental Applications. SCANNING 2020; 2020:6743195. [PMID: 33024479 PMCID: PMC7520691 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6743195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inferior mechanical properties have always been a limitation of the bioresorbable membranes in GBR/GTR. This study is aimed at fabricating a bioresorbable magnesium-reinforced polylactic acid- (PLA-) integrated membrane and investigating its mechanical properties, degradation rate, and biocompatibility. The uncoated and fluoride-coated magnesium alloys, AZ91, were made into strips. Then, magnesium-reinforced PLA-integrated membrane was made through integration. PLA strips were used in the control group instead of magnesium strips. Specimens were cut into rectangular shape and immersed in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at 37°C for 4, 8, and 12 d. The weight loss of the AZ91 strips was measured. Three-point bending tests were conducted before and after the immersion to determine the maximum load on specimens. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were conducted on coated and uncoated AZ91 plates to examine corrosion resistance. Murine fibroblast and osteoblast cells were cultured on circular specimens and titanium disks for 1, 3, and 5 d. Thereafter, WST test was performed to examine cell proliferation. As a result, the coated and uncoated groups showed higher maximum loads than the control group at all time points. The weight loss of AZ91 strips used in the coated group was lower than that in the uncoated group. PDP, EIS, SEM, and EDS showed that the coated AZ91 had a better corrosion resistance than the uncoated AZ91. The cell proliferation test showed that the addition of AZ91 did not have an adverse effect on osteoblast cells. Conclusively, the magnesium-reinforced PLA-integrated membrane has excellent load capacity, corrosion resistance, cell affinity, and proper degradation rate. Moreover, it has great potential as a bioresorbable membrane in the GBR/GTR application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yahui Song
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xinxin Xuan
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, China
| | - Heng Bo Jiang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Eui-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Stomatological Materials Laboratory, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
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20
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Preparation and Characterization of Fluoride-Incorporated Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9120826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, films with different fluorine contents were prepared on an AZ31 magnesium alloy by using plasma electrolytic oxidation to study the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of the alloy. The morphology of the coating surface, phase, and chemical elements were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The changes in the corrosion resistance with different fluorine contents were investigated by electrochemical experiments, hydrogen evolution, and long-term immersion tests. In addition, murine fibroblast L-929 cells were adopted for in vitro cytotoxicity tests using the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, and the morphology of the cells was observed simultaneously by inverted microscopy. The results showed that the main form of the fluorine ions in the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings was magnesium fluoride (MgF2). In addition, the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibilities of the coatings were improved by the addition of fluoride ions. When the content of potassium fluoride reached 10 g/L, the cell compatibility and corrosion resistance were the best, a finding which provides a basis for the clinical applications of the AZ31 magnesium alloy in the biomedical field.
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21
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Chen S, Wan P, Zhang B, Yang K, Li Y. Facile fabrication of the zoledronate-incorporated coating on magnesium alloy for orthopaedic implants. J Orthop Translat 2019; 22:2-6. [PMID: 32440493 PMCID: PMC7231978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bisphosphonates (BPs) are known as a group of well-established drugs which are clinically used in metabolic bone disorder-related therapies. Recently increasing interests are focused on the application of BPs in the biodegradable Mg-based implants. Methods In this study a facile method was applied to fabricate a zoledronate loaded coating on AZ31 Mg alloy in comparison with the previous construction strategies, such as Ca-P chelation with BPs. Results The results showed that the fluoride pretreated coating could provide better corrosion resistance. Zoledronic acid (ZA) was successfully loaded on the surface of Mg alloy detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and the release profile was quantified with Ultraviolet (UV) detection. Conclusion It is considered that this construction of ZA coated Mg-based orthopedic implants could be easily and efficiently used in clinic. The translational potential of this article Different from the traditional drug release mode, this paper used the hydrogen bond between drug molecules and drug carriers to not only realise the effective drug release in the early stage of drug release, but also meet the continuous effect of drugs in the later stage, providing a new possibility for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Bingchun Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuhai Li
- School of Material, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110168, China
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22
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Li Y, Gao J, Yang L, Shen J, Jiang Q, Wu C, Zhu D, Zhang Y. Biodegradable and Bioactive Orthopedic Magnesium Implants with Multilayered Protective Coating. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3290-3299. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Dan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Wang P, Liu J, Shen S, Li Q, Luo X, Xiong P, Gao S, Yan J, Cheng Y, Xi T. In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Two-Step Alkali-Fluoride-Treated Mg-Zn-Y-Nd Alloy for Vascular Stent Application: Enhancement in Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3279-3292. [PMID: 33405571 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bioabsorbable magnesium alloys are becoming prominent materials for cardiovascular stents, as their desirable mechanical properties and favorable biosafety. However, the rapid corrosion of magnesium alloys under physiological conditions hinders their wider application as medical implant materials. Fluoride chemical conversion treatment is an effective and simple technique to improve the corrosion resistance for magnesium alloys. Despite previous literature reporting on fluoride chemical conversion treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF) in different conditions, some defects are still present on the surface of the coating. In this study, we report on a two-step alkali-fluoride treatment of magnesium alloy by effectively removing the second phase in the substrate surface and form a dense and flawless magnesium fluoride (MgF2) coating to endow the magnesium alloy greater corrosion resistance. The results showed that the serious pitting corrosion caused by galvanic corrosion could be effectively prevented after removing of the second phase of the surface. In vivo tests in a rat subcutaneous implantation model showed that two-step alkali-fluoride-treated MgZnYNd alloy (MgZnYNd-A-F) uniformly corroded with a low corrosion rate. No subcutaneous gas cavities or significant inflammatory cell infiltration were observed for MgZnYNd-A-F in in vivo tests. The two-step alkali-fluoride treatment can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloy, which has great potential in the application of vascular stents because of its simplicity and effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shi Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiyao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Xujiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries in PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Pan Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianglong Yan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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24
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25
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Chen Y, Dou J, Yu H, Chen C. Degradable magnesium-based alloys for biomedical applications: The role of critical alloying elements. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1348-1372. [PMID: 30854910 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219834656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-based alloys exhibit biodegradable, biocompatible and excellent mechanical properties which enable them to serve as ideal candidate biomedical materials. In particular, their biodegradable ability helps patients to avoid a second surgery. The corrosion rate, however, is too rapid to sustain the healing process. Alloying is an effective method to slow down the corrosion rate. However, currently magnesium alloys used as biomaterials are mostly commercial alloys without considering cytotoxicity from the perspective of biosafety. This article comprehensively reviews the status of various existing and newly developed degradable magnesium-based alloys specially designed for biomedical application. The effects of critical alloying elements, compositions, heat treatment and processing technology on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys are discussed in detail. This article covers Mg-Ca based, Mg-Zn based, Mg-Sr based, Mg-RE based and Mg-Cu-based alloy systems. The novel methods of fabricating Mg-based biomaterials and surface treatment on Mg based alloys for potential biomedical applications are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- 1 Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinhe Dou
- 1 Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Yu
- 1 Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.,3 Key Laboratory of High-efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China.,4 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education (Shandong University), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chuanzhong Chen
- 1 Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.,2 Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
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26
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Singh S, Vashisth P, Shrivastav A, Bhatnagar N. Synthesis and characterization of a novel open cellular Mg-based scaffold for tissue engineering application. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 94:54-62. [PMID: 30856480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a field which aims to regenerate damaged tissues by enhancing tissue growth through the porous architecture of the scaffolds which is desired to mimic the human cancellous bone. Mg-based scaffolds are gaining importance in the field of tissue engineering owing to its potential application as a biomaterial. However, fabrication of porous Mg remains a daunting task due to its highly reactive nature. In the present work, a novel Mg-based open cell porous structure with pore interconnectivity and significant strength is successfully fabricated using powder metallurgy approach and Ti-woven wire mesh as a space holding material. Pore morphology and percentage porosity can be easily altered by adjusting the Ti-wire diameter and shape of construct. SEM, EDX and µ-CT analysis were performed to assess the microstructural properties of the fabricated scaffold which revealed a uniform distribution of pores with porosity varying in range 50-60%. The measured values of ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus using quasi static compression test were found to be 101 MPa and 2 GPa, respectively. Further to improve corrosion resistance of fabricated scaffold, alloying and coating were carried out. Preliminary degradation study as well as cytocompatibility studies using L929 cells was carried out to validate the potential of fabricated scaffold for bone healing/repair applications. Fabricated porous structures showed improved corrosion resistance as well as cell viability of more than 90%, suggesting it as a promising development for bone scaffolding applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Priya Vashisth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Alok Shrivastav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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27
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Wu J, Lee B, Saha P, N Kumta P. A feasibility study of biodegradable magnesium-aluminum-zinc-calcium-manganese (AZXM) alloys for tracheal stent application. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1080-1093. [PMID: 30717611 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218824775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway obstruction conditions are relatively rarely observed in clinical settings but nevertheless, extremely challenging to handle, especially when observed in pediatric patients. Several surgical procedures, including tracheal resection, end-to-end tracheal anastomosis, and tracheoplasty, have been developed and practised of late, to treat airway obstruction. However, the clinical outcome is typically not satisfactory due to airway restenosis conditions that develop following surgery. Various types of stents are currently available for airway stenting ranging from non-degradable silicone tubes and bio-inert metallic stents (bare or coated with polymer matrix) to hybrid silicone tubes strengthened by metallic cores, but none of the stents provides the satisfactory long-term effectiveness. Therefore, there is a significant clinical need for a biodegradable airway stent that would maintain airway patency and totally degrade over time after meeting the desired objectives. The present study aims to investigate biodegradable magnesium-aluminum-zinc-calcium-manganese (AZXM) alloy as a potential tracheal stent. The new AZXM alloy was fabricated by partially replacing aliminum in commercial AZ31 alloy with calcium. The present study demonstrates that calcium preferentially segregates along the grain boundaries as intermetallic phases (Mg2Ca) and is homogeneously distributed in the magnesium matrix. The extruded AZXM alloy showed less pitting, higher corrosion resistance in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) compared to the as-cast and solution-treated AZXM alloys and exhibited optimized mechanical properties. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation using human trachea epithelial cells demonstrated excellent cyto-compatibility of AZXM alloys compared to pure Mg and commercial AZ31 validated by a very preliminary rabbit in vivo tracheal model study. Preliminary results show that the approach to use biodegradable AZXM alloys as a tracheal stent is indeed promising, although further alloy processing is required to improve the ductility needed followed by a more exhaustive in vivo study to demonstrate full viability for stent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Boeun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Partha Saha
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Prashant N Kumta
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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28
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Riaz U, Shabib I, Haider W. The current trends of Mg alloys in biomedical applications-A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1970-1996. [PMID: 30536973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) has emerged as an ideal alternative to the permanent implant materials owing to its enhanced properties such as biodegradation, better mechanical strengths than polymeric biodegradable materials and biocompatibility. It has been under investigation as an implant material both in cardiovascular and orthopedic applications. The use of Mg as an implant material reduces the risk of long-term incompatible interaction of implant with tissues and eliminates the second surgical procedure to remove the implant, thus minimizes the complications. The hurdle in the extensive use of Mg implants is its fast degradation rate, which consequently reduces the mechanical strength to support the implant site. Alloy development, surface treatment, and design modification of implants are the routes that can lead to the improved corrosion resistance of Mg implants and extensive research is going on in all three directions. In this review, the recent trends in the alloying and surface treatment of Mg have been discussed in detail. Additionally, the recent progress in the use of computational models to analyze Mg bioimplants has been given special consideration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1970-1996, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Riaz
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859
| | - Ishraq Shabib
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859.,Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859
| | - Waseem Haider
- School of Engineering and Technology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859.,Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859
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29
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Ren L, Yu K, Tan Y. Monitoring and Assessing the Degradation Rate of Magnesium-Based Artificial Bone In Vitro Using a Wireless Magnetoelastic Sensor. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093066. [PMID: 30213118 PMCID: PMC6165446 DOI: 10.3390/s18093066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A magnetoelastic-based (MB) sensor was employed as a novel method to monitor and assess the degradation rate of magnesium-based artificial bone (MBAB) in vitro, which can be used as an implant to repair a bone defect, providing a quantitative method to depict the degradation rate of MBAB. MBABs were fabricated by the Pro/Engineering software and a precision machine tool using high-purity (HP) magnesium. The MB sensor was embedded in the neutral surface of MBAB by an unharmful quick adhesive, forming the MB sensor-embedded MBAB (EMBAB). The modified simulated body fluid (MSBF) media (PH = 7.4), mimicking the human internal environment, and the NaOH media (PH = 12), accelerating EMBAB’s degradation, were used to immerse the EMBAB for 15 days at 37 °C. The EMBAB was then tested daily on a self-developed experimental platform to monitor the relative output power under a 100 N external force. The results showed that the relative output power of the sensing coil gradually increased with the EMBAB’s degradation. The degradation rate of the EMBAB could be calculated on the basis of the changes of the relative output power caused by the MB sensor and of the degradation time. With the EMBAB’s degradation, an increasing strain directly worked on the MB sensor, significantly changing the value of the relative output power, which means that the EMBAB was characterized by a quick degradation rate. During the 15 days of the experiment, the degradation rates on the 7th and 15th days were 0.005 dbm/day and 0.02 dbm/day, and 0.02 dbm/day and 0.04 dbm/day in MSBF and alkaline media, respectively. Therefore, the MB sensor provides a wireless and passive method to monitor and assess the degradation rate of bone implants in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
| | - Kun Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
| | - Yisong Tan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China.
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30
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Wu J, Zhao D, Ohodnicki JM, Lee B, Roy A, Yao R, Chen S, Dong Z, Heineman WR, Kumta PN. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Multiphase Ultrahigh Ductility Mg-Li-Zn Alloys for Cardiovascular Stent Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:919-932. [PMID: 33418774 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have been extensively studied as a novel biodegradable metallic material for cardiovascular stent application. However, the ductility limitation of magnesium alloy has been a key issue for biodegradable stents applications. In this study, two different multiphase ultrahigh ductility Mg-Li-Zn alloys, LZ61 and LZ91, are fabricated in the form of extruded rods and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The microstructure, mechanical properties and in vitro degradation are evaluated as well as in vitro cytotoxicity. The in vivo degradation, tissue response, and systematic toxicity are evaluated in a mouse subcutaneous model. Measurements show that LZ61 and LZ91 exhibit more than 40% elongation at fracture without significantly compromising the strength. Both in vitro and in vivo degradation showed low degradation rates for LZ61 but high degradation rate for the LZ91 alloy. Excellent biocompatibility is observed both in vivo and in vitro for LZ61 and LZ91. In summary, this study successfully demonstrates that the ultraductility multiphase Mg-Li-Zn alloy has the potential to be used for stent applications. Compared to LZ91, the LZ61 alloy shows better balance of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility, indicating its promise for cardiovascular stent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daoli Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Shauna Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Zhongyun Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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31
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Liu C, Ren Z, Xu Y, Pang S, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys Developed as Bone Repair Materials: A Review. SCANNING 2018; 2018:9216314. [PMID: 29725492 PMCID: PMC5872617 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9216314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone repair materials are rapidly becoming a hot topic in the field of biomedical materials due to being an important means of repairing human bony deficiencies and replacing hard tissue. Magnesium (Mg) alloys are potentially biocompatible, osteoconductive, and biodegradable metallic materials that can be used in bone repair due to their in situ degradation in the body, mechanical properties similar to those of bones, and ability to positively stimulate the formation of new bones. However, rapid degradation of these materials in physiological environments may lead to gas cavities, hemolysis, and osteolysis and thus, hinder their clinical orthopedic applications. This paper reviews recent work on the use of Mg alloy implants in bone repair. Research to date on alloy design, surface modification, and biological performance of Mg alloys is comprehensively summarized. Future challenges for and developments in biomedical Mg alloys for use in bone repair are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Song Pang
- Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinbing Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Development of a Novel Degradation-Controlled Magnesium-Based Regeneration Membrane for Future Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) Therapy. METALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/met7110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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33
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Mechanical behaviour of biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloy after long term in vitro degradation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1135-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Li L, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhao J, Qin L, Lai Y. Corrosion and biocompatibility improvement of magnesium-based alloys as bone implant materials: a review. Regen Biomater 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Li
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Material Engineering Invention Examination Department, State Intellectual Property Office, No.6 Xitucheng Road Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
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35
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Jiang H, Wang J, Chen M, Liu D. Biological activity evaluation of magnesium fluoride coated Mg-Zn-Zr alloy in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1068-1074. [PMID: 28415391 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the biodegradable characteristics and biological properties, which could promote new bone formation, of MgF2 coated magnesium alloy (Mg-3wt%Zn-0.5wt%Zr) in rabbits. METHODS Magnesium alloy with MgF2 coating was made and the MgF2/Mg-Zn-Zr was implanted in the femoral condyle of rabbits. Twelve healthy adult Japanese white rabbits in weight of 2.8-3.2kg were averagely divided into A(Mg-Zn-Zr) group and B(MgF2/MgZn-Zr) group. Indexes such as microstructural evolution, SEM scan, X-ray, Micro-CT and mechanical properties were observed and detected at 1th day, 2th, 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th week after implantation. RESULTS Low-density regions occurred around the cancellous bone, and the regions gradually expanded during the 12weeks after implantation. The implant was gradually absorbed from 12 to 24weeks. The density of surrounding cancellous bone increased compared with the 12th week data. The degradation rate of B group was lower than that of A group (P<0.01), while the density of the surrounding cancellous bone increased more evenly. In B group, SEM images after 12weeks showed the rich bone tissues on the alloy surface that were attached by active fibers. Micro-CT also presented alloy residue potholes on the surfaces of alloy combinated with bone tissues. Additionally, the trabecular bone had relatively integrated structures with surrounding cavities. CONCLUSIONS MgF2 can effectively decrease the degradation rate of Mg-Zn-Zr in vivo. Mg-Zn-Zr coated with MgF2 can effectively inhibit the corrosion, and delay the release of magnesium ions. The biological properties of the coating itself presented good biocompatibility and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, 300211 Tianjin, China.
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, 300211 Tianjin, China
| | - Minfang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384 Tianjin, China.
| | - Debao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 300384 Tianjin, China
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Tian P, Peng F, Wang D, Liu X. Corrosion behavior and cytocompatibility of fluoride-incorporated plasma electrolytic oxidation coating on biodegradable AZ31 alloy. Regen Biomater 2017; 4:1-10. [PMID: 28149524 PMCID: PMC5274704 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride-incorporated plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating was fabricated on biodegradable AZ31 alloy. The surface morphologies and phases were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The effect of fluoride incorporation in coatings on corrosion behaviour was investigated in simulated body fluid and in vitro cytocompatibility of the coatings was also studied by evaluating cytotoxicity, adhesion, proliferation and live-dead stain of osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1). Furthermore, the corrosion morphologies in vivo were examined. The results showed that the fluoride could be incorporated into the coating to form MgF2 phase. In vitro and in vivo degradation tests revealed that the corrosion resistance of the coating could be improved by the incorporation of fluoride, which may attribute to the chemical stability of MgF2 phase. Moreover, good cytocompatibility of fluoride-incorporated coating was confirmed with no obvious cytotoxicity, enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. However, when the fluoride content was high, a slight inhibition of cell growth was observed. The results indicate that although fluoride incorporation can enhance the corrosion resistance of the coatings, thus resulting a more suitable environment for cells, the high content of fluoride in the coating also kill cells ascribed to the high released of fluorine. If the content of fluoride is well controlled, the PEO coating with MgF2 phase is a promising surface modification of Mg alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
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37
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Xu J, Yang Q, Javed MS, Gong Y, Aslam MK, Chen C. The effects of NaF concentration on electrochemical and corrosion behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy in a composite electrolyte. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical and corrosion behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy have been investigated in composite solution of MgSO4–Mg(NO3)2 (0.14 mol L−1 MgSO4, 1.86 mol L−1 Mg(NO3)2) under different sodium fluoride (NaF) concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Qiaoling Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- Department of Applied Physics
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
- Department of Physics
| | - Youlai Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Aslam
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
| | - Changguo Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400044
- P. R. China
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Li X, Liu X, Wu S, Yeung KWK, Zheng Y, Chu PK. Design of magnesium alloys with controllable degradation for biomedical implants: From bulk to surface. Acta Biomater 2016; 45:2-30. [PMID: 27612959 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The combination of high strength, light weight, and natural biodegradability renders magnesium (Mg)-based alloys promising in orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents. Being metallic materials, Mg and Mg alloys made for scaffolds provide the necessary mechanical support for tissue healing and cell growth in the early stage, while natural degradation and reabsorption by surrounding tissues in the later stage make an unnecessarily follow-up removal surgery. However, uncontrolled degradation may collapse the scaffolds resulting in premature implant failure, and there has been much research in controlling the degradation rates of Mg alloys. This paper reviews recent progress in the design of novel Mg alloys, surface modification and corrosion mechanisms under different conditions, and describes the effects of the structure, composition, and surface conditions on the degradation behavior in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Owing to their unique mechanical properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, Mg based biomaterials are becoming the most promising substitutes for tissue regeneration for impaired bone, vascular and other tissues because these scaffolds can provide not only ideal space for the growth and differentiation of seeded cells but also enough strength before the formation of normal tissues. The most important is that these scaffolds can be fully degraded after tissue regeneration, which can satisfy the increasing demand for better biomedical devices and functional tissue engineering biomaterials in the world. However, the rapid degradation rate of these scaffolds restricts the wide application in clinic. This paper reviews recent progress on how to control the degrdation rate based on the relevant corrosion mechanisms through the design of porous structure, phase structure, grains, and amorphous structure as well as surface modification, which will be beneficial to the better understanding and functional design of Mg-based scaffolds for wide clinical applications in tissue reconstruction in near futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - K W K Yeung
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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39
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Current status on clinical applications of magnesium-based orthopaedic implants: A review from clinical translational perspective. Biomaterials 2016; 112:287-302. [PMID: 27770632 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As a new generation of medical metallic material, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys with or without surface coating have attracted a great deal of attention due to its biodegradability and potential for avoiding a removal operation after the implant has fulfilled its function for surgical fixation of injured musculoskeletal tissues. Although a few clinical cases on Mg-based orthopaedic implants were reported more than a century ago, it was not until recently that clinical trials using these implants with improved physicochemical properties were carried out in Germany, China and Korea for bone fracture fixation. The promising results so far suggest a bright future for biodegradable Mg-based orthopaedic implants and would warrant large scale phase II/III studies. Given the increasing interest on this emerging biomaterials and intense effort to improve its properties for various clinical applications, this review covers the evolution, current strategies, and future perspectives in the development of Mg-based orthopaedic implants. We also highlight a few clinical cases performed in China that may be unfamiliar to the general orthopaedic community.
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40
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Chen P, Sun J, Zhu Y, Yu X, Meng L, Li Y, Liu X. Corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg with a composite polymer coating. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:1763-1774. [PMID: 27665837 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1239852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Degrading Mg and its alloys are a category of implant materials for bone surgery, but rapid corrosion in physiological environment limits their clinical applications. To improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-based implants, a biodegradable composite polymer coating is deposited on an Mg rod in this work. The strategy is to decorate Mg surfaces with poly(γ-glutamic acid)-g-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin/hydroxyapatite (γ-PGA-g-AMC/HAp) composite nanoparticles through electrophoretic deposition in ethanol. The morphology and chemical composition of the resulting coating material are determined by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Sample rods of bare Mg and coated Mg are implanted intramedullary into the femora of New Zealand white rabbits, periodic radiography and post-autopsy histopathology of each sample are analyzed. The obtained in vivo results clearly confirm that the coating material decreases degradation rate of the underlying Mg sample and appears good histocompatibility and osteoinductivity. The main aim of this work is to investigate the degradation process of bare Mg and coated Mg samples in bone environment and their effect on the surrounding bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- a Department of Orthopedics , Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadi Sun
- b Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhu
- b Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Long Meng
- b Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- b Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- b Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , People's Republic of China
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41
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Liu J, Zheng B, Wang P, Wang X, Zhang B, Shi Q, Xi T, Chen M, Guan S. Enhanced in Vitro and in Vivo Performance of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd Alloy Achieved with APTES Pretreatment for Drug-Eluting Vascular Stent Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:17842-17858. [PMID: 27331417 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioabsorbable magnesium alloys are becoming prominent as temporary functional implants, as they avoid the risks generated by permanent metallic implants such as persistent inflammation and late restenosis. Nevertheless, the overfast corrosion of Mg alloys under physiological conditions hinders their wider application as medical implant materials. Here we investigate a simple one-step process to introduce a cross-linked 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) silane physical barrier layer on the surface of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloys prior to electrostatic spraying with rapamycin-eluting poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) layer. Surface microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nanoscratch test verified the superior adhesion strength of PLGA coating in the group pretreated with APTES. Electrochemical tests combined with long-term immersion results suggested that the preferable in vitro anticorrosion behavior could be achieved by dense APTES barrier. Cell morphology and proliferation data demonstrated that APTES pretreated group resulted in remarkably preferable compatibility for both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. On the basis of excellent in vitro mechenical property, the animal study on the APTES pretreated Mg-Zn-Y-Nd stent implanted into porcine coronary arteries confirmed benign tissue compatibility as well as re-endothelialization without thrombogenesis or in-stent restenosis at six-month followup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of cardiology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of cardiology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of cardiology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qiuping Shi
- Department of cardiology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Tingfei Xi
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Peking University , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of cardiology, Peking University First Hospital , Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shaokang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002, China
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42
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Sun W, Zhang G, Tan L, Yang K, Ai H. The fluoride coated AZ31B magnesium alloy improves corrosion resistance and stimulates bone formation in rabbit model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Gao H, Zhang M, Zhao J, Gao L, Li M. In vitro and in vivo degradation and mechanical properties of ZEK100 magnesium alloy coated with alginate, chitosan and mechano-growth factor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:450-61. [PMID: 27040239 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility, ultimate loading capacity and biodegradability of magnesium alloy make it an ideal candidate in biomedical fields. Fabrications of multilayered coatings carrying sodium alginate (ALG), chitosan (CHI) and mechano-growth factor (MGF) on fluoride-pretreated ZEK100 magnesium alloy have been obtained via layer by layer (LBL) to reduce the degradation rate of magnesium alloy in this study. The modified surfaces of ZEK100 substrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and CARE EUT-1020 tester. Results reveal that multilayer-coated magnesium alloy can be successfully obtained with smooth surface morphology, and the mechanical properties of coated samples are almost the same as those of uncoated samples. However, the fatigue life of coated ZEK100 is slightly larger than that of uncoated samples after 1 day of immersion. By comparing the degradation of uncoated and multilayer-coated ZEK100 samples in vitro and in vivo, respectively, it is found that the degradation rate of ZEK100 samples can be inhibited by LBL modification on the surface of the sample; and the corrosion rate in vivo is lower than that in vitro, which help solve the rapid degradation problem of magnesium alloy. In terms of the visible symptom of tissues in the left femur medullary cavity and material responses on the surface, multilayer-coated ZEK100 magnesium alloy has a good biocompatibility. These results indicate that multilayer-coated ZEK100 may be a promising material for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lilan Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory & Applications in Complicated Industry Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Mingshuo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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44
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Kang MH, Jang TS, Kim SW, Park HS, Song J, Kim HE, Jung KH, Jung HD. MgF2-coated porous magnesium/alumina scaffolds with improved strength, corrosion resistance, and biological performance for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:634-42. [PMID: 26952467 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porous magnesium (Mg) has recently emerged as a promising biodegradable alternative to biometal for bone ingrowth; however, its low mechanical properties and high corrosion rate in biological environments remain problematic. In this study, porous magnesium was implemented in a scaffold that closely mimics the mechanical properties of human bones with a controlled degradation rate and shows good biocompatibility to match the regeneration rate of bone tissue at the affected site. The alumina-reinforced Mg scaffold was produced by spark plasma sintering and coated with magnesium fluoride (MgF2) using a hydrofluoric acid solution to regulate the corrosion rate under physiological conditions. Sodium chloride granules (NaCl), acting as space holders, were leached out to achieve porous samples (60%) presenting an average pore size of 240 μm with complete pore interconnectivity. When the alumina content increased from 0 to 5 vol%, compressive strength and stiffness rose considerably from 9.5 to 13.8 MPa and from 0.24 to 0.40 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the biological response evaluated by in vitro cell test and blood test of the MgF2-coated porous Mg composite was enhanced with better corrosion resistance compared with that of uncoated counterparts. Consequently, MgF2-coated porous Mg/alumina composites may be applied in load-bearing biodegradable implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Sun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Juha Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon-si 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Jung
- Additive Manufacturing Process R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gangneung 25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Do Jung
- Liquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Srinivasan A, Shin KS, Rajendran N. Influence of bicarbonate concentration on the conversion layer formation onto AZ31 magnesium alloy and its electrochemical corrosion behaviour in simulated body fluid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical corrosion behaviour of a magnesium carbonate conversion layer-coated AZ31 magnesium alloy was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthanari Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Engineering Guindy Campus
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
- India
| | - Kwang Seon Shin
- Magnesium Technology Innovation Center
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul-151-744
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nallaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Engineering Guindy Campus
- Anna University
- Chennai-600 025
- India
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46
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Uddin MS, Hall C, Murphy P. Surface treatments for controlling corrosion rate of biodegradable Mg and Mg-based alloy implants. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:053501. [PMID: 27877829 PMCID: PMC5070015 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/5/053501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to their excellent biodegradability characteristics, Mg and Mg-based alloys have become an emerging material in biomedical implants, notably for repair of bone as well as coronary arterial stents. However, the main problem with Mg-based alloys is their rapid corrosion in aggressive environments such as human bodily fluids. Previously, many approaches such as control of alloying materials, composition and surface treatments, have been attempted to regulate the corrosion rate. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent research focusing on surface treatment techniques utilised to control the corrosion rate and surface integrity of Mg-based alloys in both in vitro and in vivo environments. Surface treatments generally involve the controlled deposition of thin film coatings using various coating processes, and mechanical surfacing such as machining, deep rolling or low plasticity burnishing. The aim is to either make a protective thin layer of a material or to change the micro-structure and mechanical properties at the surface and sub-surface levels, which will prevent rapid corrosion and thus delay the degradation of the alloys. We have organised the review of past works on coatings by categorising the coatings into two classes-conversion and deposition coatings-while works on mechanical treatments are reviewed based on the tool-based processes which affect the sub-surface microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. Various types of coatings and their processing techniques under two classes of coating and mechanical treatment approaches have been analysed and discussed to investigate their impact on the corrosion performance, biomechanical integrity, biocompatibility and cell viability. Potential challenges and future directions in designing and developing the improved biodegradable Mg/Mg-based alloy implants were addressed and discussed. The literature reveals that no solutions are yet complete and hence new and innovative approaches are required to leverage the benefit of Mg-based alloys. Hybrid treatments combining innovative biomimetic coating and mechanical processing would be regarded as a potentially promising way to tackle the corrosion problem. Synergetic cutting-burnishing integrated with cryogenic cooling may be another encouraging approach in this regard. More studies focusing on rigorous testing, evaluation and characterisation are needed to assess the efficacy of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Uddin
- School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Colin Hall
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Peter Murphy
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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47
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Kaabi Falahieh Asl S, Nemeth S, Tan MJ. Novel biodegradable calcium phosphate/polymer composite coating with adjustable mechanical properties formed by hydrothermal process for corrosion protection of magnesium substrate. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1643-1657. [PMID: 26340081 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic type coatings on metallic implants, such as calcium phosphate (Ca-P), are generally stiff and brittle, potentially leading to the early failure of the bone-implant interface. To reduce material brittleness, polyacrylic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose were used in this study to deposit two types of novel Ca-P/polymer composite coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloy using a one-step hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the deposited Ca-P crystal phase and morphology could be controlled by the type and concentration of polymer used. Incorporation of polymer in the Ca-P coatings reduced the coating elastic modulus bringing it close to that of magnesium and that of human bone. Nanoindentation test results revealed significantly decreased cracking tendency with the incorporation of polymer in the Ca-P coating. Apart from mechanical improvements, the protective composite layers had also enhanced the corrosion resistance of the substrate by a factor of 1000 which is sufficient for implant application. Cell proliferation studies indicated that the composite coatings induced better cell attachment compared with the purely inorganic Ca-P coating, confirming that the obtained composite materials could be promising candidates for surface protection of magnesium for implant application with the multiple functions of corrosion protection, interfacial stress reduction, and cell attachment/cell growth promotion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1643-1657, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kaabi Falahieh Asl
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639708, Singapore. .,Singapore Institute Of Manufacturing Technology, 638075, Singapore.
| | - Sandor Nemeth
- Singapore Institute Of Manufacturing Technology, 638075, Singapore
| | - Ming Jen Tan
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639708, Singapore
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48
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Tian P, Liu X, Ding C. In vitro degradation behavior and cytocompatibility of biodegradable AZ31 alloy with PEO/HT composite coating. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:44-54. [PMID: 25731092 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium-based implants have attracted much attention recently in orthopedic applications because of their good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, their rapid degradation in vivo will not only reduce their mechanical strength, but also induce some side effects, such as local alkalization and gas cavity, which may lead to a failure of the implant. In this work, a hydroxyapatite (HA) layer was prepared on plasma electrolytic oxidization (PEO) coating by hydrothermal treatment (HT) to fabricate a PEO/HT composite coating on biodegradable AZ31 alloy. The in vitro degradation behaviors of all samples were evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF) and their surface cytocompatibility was also investigated by evaluating the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1). The results showed that the HA layer consisted of a dense inner layer and a needle-like outer layer, which successfully sealed the PEO coating. The in vitro degradation tests showed that the PEO/HT composite coating improved the corrosion resistance of AZ31 alloy in SBF, presenting nearly no severe local alkalization and hydrogen evolution. The lasting corrosion resistance of the PEO/HT composite coating may attribute to the new hydroxyapatite formation during the degradation process. Moreover, compared with AZ31 alloy and PEO coating, PEO/HT composite coating was more suitable for cells adhesion and proliferation, indicating improved surface cytocompatibility. The results show that the PEO/HT composite coating is promising as protective coating on biodegradable magnesium-based implants to enhance their corrosion resistance as well as improve their surface cytocompatibility for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China.
| | - Chuanxian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
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49
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Martinez Sanchez AH, Luthringer BJC, Feyerabend F, Willumeit R. Mg and Mg alloys: how comparable are in vitro and in vivo corrosion rates? A review. Acta Biomater 2015; 13:16-31. [PMID: 25484334 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to their biodegradability, magnesium and magnesium-based alloys could represent the third generation of biomaterials. However, their mechanical properties and time of degradation have to match the needs of applications. Several approaches, such as choice of alloying elements or tailored microstructure, are employed to tailor corrosion behaviour. Due to the high electrochemical activity of Mg, numerous environmental factors (e.g. temperature and surrounding ion composition) influence its corrosion behaviour, making it unpredictable. Nevertheless, the need of reliable in vitro model(s) to predict in vivo implant degradation is increasing. In an attempt to find a correlation between in vitro and vivo corrosion rates, this review presents a systematic literature survey, as well as an attempt to correlate the different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Helvia Martinez Sanchez
- Institute of Materials Research, Department for Structural Research on Macromolecules, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - Bérengère J C Luthringer
- Institute of Materials Research, Department for Structural Research on Macromolecules, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Frank Feyerabend
- Institute of Materials Research, Department for Structural Research on Macromolecules, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit
- Institute of Materials Research, Department for Structural Research on Macromolecules, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany
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Liu J, Liu XL, Xi TF, Chu CC. A novel pseudo-protein-based biodegradable coating for magnesium substrates: in vitro corrosion phenomena and cytocompatibility. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:878-893. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01527d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine whether a member of the newly developed biodegradable pseudo-protein biomaterial family could provide a far better protection and performance than the popular hydrolytically degradable poly(glycolide-co-lactide) (PLGA) biomaterial on an experimental magnesium substrate as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Liu
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - X. L. Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - T. F. Xi
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- China
| | - C. C. Chu
- Biomedical Engineering Program
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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