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Mariello M, Kim K, Wu K, Lacour SP, Leterrier Y. Recent Advances in Encapsulation of Flexible Bioelectronic Implants: Materials, Technologies, and Characterization Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201129. [PMID: 35353928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic implantable systems (BIS) targeting biomedical and clinical research should combine long-term performance and biointegration in vivo. Here, recent advances in novel encapsulations to protect flexible versions of such systems from the surrounding biological environment are reviewed, focusing on material strategies and synthesis techniques. Considerable effort is put on thin-film encapsulation (TFE), and specifically organic-inorganic multilayer architectures as a flexible and conformal alternative to conventional rigid cans. TFE is in direct contact with the biological medium and thus must exhibit not only biocompatibility, inertness, and hermeticity but also mechanical robustness, conformability, and compatibility with the manufacturing of microfabricated devices. Quantitative characterization methods of the barrier and mechanical performance of the TFE are reviewed with a particular emphasis on water-vapor transmission rate through electrical, optical, or electrochemical principles. The integrability and functionalization of TFE into functional bioelectronic interfaces are also discussed. TFE represents a must-have component for the next-generation bioelectronic implants with diagnostic or therapeutic functions in human healthcare and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mariello
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kangling Wu
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie P Lacour
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Neuroprosthetic Technology, Laboratory for Soft Bioelectronic Interfaces, Institute of Electrical and MicroEngineering, Institute of Bioengineering, Centre for Neuroprosthetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Leterrier
- Laboratory for Processing of Advanced Composites (LPAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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Weber M, Vorobev D, Viöl W. Microwave Plasma-Enhanced Parylene–Metal Multilayer Design from Metal Salts. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152540. [PMID: 35893510 PMCID: PMC9330860 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a new approach for the synthesis of Parylene–metal multilayers was examined. The metal layers were derived from a metal salt solution in methanol and a post-drying plasma reduction treatment. This process was designed as a one-pot synthesis, which needs a very low amount of resources and energy compared with those using electron beam sputtering processes. The Parylene coatings were obtained after reduction plasma treatments with Parylene C. Therefore, a Parylene coating device with an included plasma microwave generator was used to ensure the character of a one-pot synthesis. This process provided ultra-thin metal salt layers in the range of 1–2 nm for layer thickness and 10–30 nm for larger metal salt agglomerates all over the metal salt layer. The Parylene layers were obtained with thicknesses between approx. 4.5 and 4.7 µm from ellipsometric measurements and 5.7–6.3 µm measured by white light reflectometry. Tensile strength analysis showed an orthogonal pulling stress resistance of around 4500 N. A surface roughness of 4–8 nm for the metal layers, as well as 20–29 nm for the Parylene outer layer, were measured. The wettability for non-polar liquids with a contact angle of 30° was better than for polar liquids, such as water, achieving 87° on the Parylene C surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Weber
- Faculty of Enginering and Health, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Von-Ossietzky-Straße 99/100, 37085 Göttingen, Germany; (M.W.); (D.V.)
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Georg August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Vorobev
- Faculty of Enginering and Health, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Von-Ossietzky-Straße 99/100, 37085 Göttingen, Germany; (M.W.); (D.V.)
| | - Wolfgang Viöl
- Faculty of Enginering and Health, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Von-Ossietzky-Straße 99/100, 37085 Göttingen, Germany; (M.W.); (D.V.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films, Application Center for Plasma and Photonic, Von-Ossietzky-Straße 100, 37085 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-3705-218
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Coussa RG, Lomis N, Antaki F, Samle J, Patel K, Christodoulou G, Prakash S, Oestreicher J, Arthurs B. Blink detection and magnetic force generation for correction of lagophthalmos, with specific regard to implant compatibility testing. Orbit 2020; 41:59-68. [PMID: 33016160 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2020.1826544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The overall goal was to restore a normal and synchronous blink in unilateral lagophthalmos. We describe the biocompatibility profiling of a novel ferromagnetic implant used for electromagnetic eyelid force generation. METHODS A non-contact blink detection system and an electromagnetic stimulation system were designed and tested. A modified Lester-Burch speculum equipped with strain gauge technology was used in blinking force measurement. Samarium-cobalt magnets were prototyped and coated with parylene-C. Biocompatibility testing was performed using NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells with MTT colorimetric assay cytotoxic quantification. OUTCOME MEASURES Cellular viability and interleukin concentrations. RESULTS Our system was capable of detecting 95.5 ± 3.6% of blinks in various lighting conditions. Using our force measuring device, the difference between non-paralyzed and paralyzed orbicularis oculi (OO) for normal and forceful blinking closure was 40.4 g and 101.9 g, respectively. A 16.6 × 5.0 × 1.5 mm curved shaped samarium cobalt eyelid implant was successfully developed and showed a reproducible blink at 100 ms with full corneal coverage with external eyelid taping. Compared to gold weights, parylene-C coated samarium cobalt implants showed not only excellent cell viability (82.0 ± 4.9% vs. 88.4 ± 0.9%, respectively, p > .05), but also below detection threshold for pro-inflammatory marker concentrations (interleukin-6 < 2 pg/mL and interleukin-10 < 3 pg/mL). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated excellent in-vitro biocompatibility of our parylene-C coated samarium cobalt implants. We believe that our novel approach can improve the quality-of-life of affected individuals and provides new understanding of blinking biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razek Georges Coussa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikita Lomis
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fares Antaki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Université De Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Samle
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kavita Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Oestreicher
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Arthurs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Electrochemical and Biological Performance of Biodegradable Polymer Coatings on Ti6Al7Nb Alloy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071758. [PMID: 32283745 PMCID: PMC7178650 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the corrosion of metal implants is still a challenge. This study aimed to increase the corrosion resistance of Ti6Al7Nb alloy implants through surface modification, including grinding, sandblasting, and anodic oxidation followed by the deposition of a polymer coating. The aim of the work was to determine the influence of biodegradable polymer coatings on the physico-chemical properties of a Ti6Al7Nb alloy used for short-term implants. Biodegradable coatings prepared from poly(glycolide-caprolactone) (P(GCap)), poly(glycolide ε-caprolactone-lactide) (P(GCapL)), and poly(lactide-glycolide) (PLGA) were applied in the studies. The dip-coating method with three cycles of dipping was applied. Corrosion resistance was assessed on the basis of potentiodynamic studies. The studies were carried out on samples after 30, 60, and 90 days of exposure to Ringer's solution. Surface topography, wettability, and cytotoxicity studies were also carried out. The degradation process of the base material was evaluated on the basis of the mass density of the metal ions released to the solution. The results indicated the influence of the coating type on corrosion resistance. In addition, a beneficial effect of the polymer coating on the reduction of the density of the released metal ions was found, as compared to the samples without polymer coatings. The obtained results provide basic knowledge for the development of polymer coatings enriched with an active substance. The presence of ciprofloxacin in the coating did not reduce the corrosion resistance of the metal substrate. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test using the extract dilution method demonstrated that the implants' coatings are promising for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Golda-Cepa M, Riedlová K, Kulig W, Cwiklik L, Kotarba A. Functionalization of the Parylene C Surface Enhances the Nucleation of Calcium Phosphate: Combined Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:12426-12435. [PMID: 32098467 PMCID: PMC7497617 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interactions at the solid-body fluid interfaces play a vital role in bone tissue formation at the implant surface. In this study, fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate interactions between the physiological components of body fluids (Ca2+, HPO42-, H2PO4-, Na+, Cl-, and H2O) and functionalized parylene C surface. In comparison to the native parylene C (-Cl surface groups), the introduction of -OH, -CHO, and -COOH surface groups significantly enhances the interactions between body fluid ions and the polymeric surface. The experimentally observed formation of calcium phosphate nanocrystals is discussed in terms of MD simulations of the calcium phosphate clustering. Surface functional groups promote the clustering of calcium and phosphate ions in the following order: -OH > -CHO > -Cl (parent parylene C) ≈ -COO-. This promoting role of surface functional groups is explained as stimulating the number of Ca2+ and HPO42- surface contacts as well as ion chemisorption. The molecular mechanism of calcium phosphate cluster formation at the functionalized parylene C surface is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Golda-Cepa
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamila Riedlová
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 12840 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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6
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Beck-Broichsitter M. Stability of Polymer Coatings on Nebulizer Membranes During Aerosol Generation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3750-3754. [PMID: 31473213 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The dimensions of orifices found in aperture plates used for nebulization can be modified by thin polymer coatings with the aim to control the size distribution of the generated aerosol droplets. However, the stability of such polymer coatings on the surface of nebulizer membranes during aerosol generation has not been elucidated. Nebulizer membranes made of stainless steel were covered with a thin film of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (~1 μm) in the presence or absence of a silane-based adhesion promoter. Thereby, the orifice cross-sections of the nebulizer membrane were reduced by ~50%, accompanied by a remarkable decline in droplet size. Upon continuous nebulization of aqueous test liquids, the droplet size generated by the nonconditioned (no silane), poly(chloro-p-xylylene)-coated membranes reverted to that of the uncoated nebulizer membrane within ~5 min. By contrast, no such rapid return of droplet size to "baseline" values was noticed for the silane-conditioned, poly(chloro-p-xylylene)-coated counterparts. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited significant polymer detachment from the orifices of the nonconditioned (no silane) membranes and thus confirmed the findings from laser diffraction. Overall, silane-based adhesion promoters can increase the persistence of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) coatings on nebulizer membranes during aerosol generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Beck-Broichsitter
- Medical Clinic II, Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Klinikstr. 33, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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7
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Ahn SH, Jeong J, Kim SJ. Emerging Encapsulation Technologies for Long-Term Reliability of Microfabricated Implantable Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E508. [PMID: 31370259 PMCID: PMC6723304 DOI: 10.3390/mi10080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable long-term encapsulation technologies for implantable biomedical devices is of paramount importance for the safe and stable operation of implants in the body over a period of several decades. Conventional technologies based on titanium or ceramic packaging, however, are not suitable for encapsulating microfabricated devices due to their limited scalability, incompatibility with microfabrication processes, and difficulties with miniaturization. A variety of emerging materials have been proposed for encapsulation of microfabricated implants, including thin-film inorganic coatings of Al2O3, HfO2, SiO2, SiC, and diamond, as well as organic polymers of polyimide, parylene, liquid crystal polymer, silicone elastomer, SU-8, and cyclic olefin copolymer. While none of these materials have yet been proven to be as hermetic as conventional metal packages nor widely used in regulatory approved devices for chronic implantation, a number of studies have demonstrated promising outcomes on their long-term encapsulation performance through a multitude of fabrication and testing methodologies. The present review article aims to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the long-term encapsulation performance of these emerging materials with a specific focus on publications that have quantitatively estimated the lifetime of encapsulation technologies in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Ahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joonsoo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sung June Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Institute of Aging, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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8
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Golda-Cepa M, Chytrosz P, Chorylek A, Kotarba A. One-step sonochemical fabrication and embedding of gentamicin nanoparticles into parylene C implant coating: towards controlled drug delivery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:941-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Belu A, Yilmaz M, Neumann E, Offenhäusser A, Demirel G, Mayer D. Asymmetric, nano-textured surfaces influence neuron viability and polarity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1634-1645. [PMID: 29427541 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three dimensional, nanostructured surfaces have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research since they have proven to represent a powerful platform to influence cell fate. In particular, nanorods and nanopillars possess great potential for the control of cell adhesion and differentiation, gene and biomolecule delivery, optical and electrical stimulation and recording, as well as cell patterning. Here, we investigate the influence of asymmetric poly(dichloro-p-xylene) (PPX) columnar films on the adhesion and maturation of cortical neurons. We show that nanostructured films with dense, inclined polymer columns can support viable primary neuronal culture. The cell-nanostructure interface is characterized showing a minimal cell penetration but strong adhesion on the surface. Moreover, we quantify the influence of the nano-textured surface on the neural development (soma size, neuritogenesis, and polarity) in comparison to a planar PPX sample. We demonstrate that the nanostructures facilitates an enhancement in neurite branching as well as elongation of axons and growth cones. Furthermore, we show for the first time that the asymmetric orientation of polymeric nanocolumns strongly influences the initiation direction of the axon formation. These results evidence that 3D nano-topographies can significantly change neural development and can be used to engineer axon elongation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1634-1645, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Belu
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elmar Neumann
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Gokhan Demirel
- Bio-inspired Materials Research Laboratory (BIMREL), Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52425, Germany.,JARA-SOFT, Jülich, 52425, Germany
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Golda-Cepa M, Kulig W, Cwiklik L, Kotarba A. Molecular Dynamics Insights into Water-Parylene C Interface: Relevance of Oxygen Plasma Treatment for Biocompatibility. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16685-16693. [PMID: 28459527 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid-water interfaces play a vital role in biomaterials science because they provide a natural playground for most biochemical reactions and physiological processes. In the study, fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate interactions between water molecules and several surfaces modeling for unmodified and modified parylene C surfaces. The introduction of -OH, -CHO, and -COOH to the surface and alterations in their coverage significantly influence the energetics of interactions between water molecules and the polymer surface. The theoretical studies were complemented with experimental measurements of contact angle, surface free energy, and imaging of osteoblast cells adhesion. Both MD simulations and experiments demonstrate that the optimal interface, in terms of biocompatibility, is obtained when 60% of native -Cl groups of parylene C surface is exchanged for -OH groups. By exploring idealized models of bare and functionalized parylene C, we obtained a unique insight into molecular interactions at the water-polymer interface. The calculated values of interaction energy components (electrostatic and dispersive) correspond well with the experimentally determined values of surface free energy components (polar and dispersive), revealing their optimal ratio for cells adhesion. The results are discussed in the context of controllable tuning and functionalization of implant polymeric coating toward improved biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Golda-Cepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waldemar Kulig
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI- 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Dolejškova 3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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11
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Sobańska K, Pietrzyk P, Sojka Z. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species via Electroprotic Interaction of H2O2 with ZrO2 Gel: Ionic Sponge Effect and pH-Switchable Peroxidase- and Catalase-Like Activity. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sobańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietrzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sojka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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12
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Golda-Cepa M, Chorylek A, Chytrosz P, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Jaworska J, Kasperczyk J, Hakkarainen M, Engvall K, Kotarba A. Multifunctional PLGA/Parylene C Coating for Implant Materials: An Integral Approach for Biointerface Optimization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22093-22105. [PMID: 27500860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing implant surfaces is critical for improving their performance. An integrated approach was employed to develop a multifunctional implant coating based on oxygen plasma-modified parylene C and drug-loaded, biodegradable poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). The key functional attributes of the coating (i.e., anti-corrosion, biocompatible, anti-infection, and therapeutic) were thoroughly characterized at each fabrication step by spectroscopic, microscopic, and biologic methods and at different scales, ranging from molecular, through the nano- and microscales to the macroscopic scale. The chemistry of each layer was demonstrated separately, and their mutual affinity was shown to be indispensable for the development of versatile coatings for implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golda-Cepa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Chorylek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - P Chytrosz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Brzychczy-Wloch
- Department of Bacteriology, Microbial Ecology and Parasitology, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Czysta 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Jaworska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Curie Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - J Kasperczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences , Curie Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Hakkarainen
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Engvall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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13
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Golda-Cepa M, Brzychczy-Wloch M, Engvall K, Aminlashgari N, Hakkarainen M, Kotarba A. Microbiological investigations of oxygen plasma treated parylene C surfaces for metal implant coating. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:273-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Hohmann S, Kögel S, Brunner Y, Schmieg B, Ewald C, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiß G, Länge K. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Resonators for Monitoring Conditioning Film Formation. SENSORS 2015; 15:11873-88. [PMID: 26007735 PMCID: PMC4481949 DOI: 10.3390/s150511873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We propose surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators as a complementary tool for conditioning film monitoring. Conditioning films are formed by adsorption of inorganic and organic substances on a substrate the moment this substrate comes into contact with a liquid phase. In the case of implant insertion, for instance, initial protein adsorption is required to start wound healing, but it will also trigger immune reactions leading to inflammatory responses. The control of the initial protein adsorption would allow to promote the healing process and to suppress adverse immune reactions. Methods to investigate these adsorption processes are available, but it remains difficult to translate measurement results into actual protein binding events. Biosensor transducers allow user-friendly investigation of protein adsorption on different surfaces. The combination of several transduction principles leads to complementary results, allowing a more comprehensive characterization of the adsorbing layer. We introduce SAW resonators as a novel complementary tool for time-resolved conditioning film monitoring. SAW resonators were coated with polymers. The adsorption of the plasma proteins human serum albumin (HSA) and fibrinogen onto the polymer-coated surfaces were monitored. Frequency results were compared with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor measurements, which confirmed the suitability of the SAW resonators for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Hohmann
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Svea Kögel
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Brunner
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Schmieg
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Christina Ewald
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiß
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Länge
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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15
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Pérez E, Lichtenstein MP, Suñol C, Casañ-Pastor N. Coatings of nanostructured pristine graphene-IrOx hybrids for neural electrodes: Layered stacking and the role of non-oxygenated graphene. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 55:218-26. [PMID: 26117758 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The need to enhance charge capacity in neural stimulation-electrodes is promoting the formation of new materials and coatings. Among all the possible types of graphene, pristine graphene prepared by graphite electrochemical exfoliation, is used in this work to form a new nanostructured IrOx-graphene hybrid (IrOx-eG). Graphene is stabilized in suspension by IrOx nanoparticles without surfactants. Anodic electrodeposition results in coatings with much smaller roughness than IrOx-graphene oxide. Exfoliated pristine graphene (eG), does not electrodeposit in absence of iridium, but IrOx-nanoparticle adhesion on graphene flakes drives the process. IrOx-eG has a significantly different electronic state than graphene oxide, and different coordination for carbon. Electron diffraction shows the reflection features expected for graphene. IrOx 1-2 nm cluster/nanoparticles are oxohydroxo-species and adhere to 10nm graphene platelets. eG induces charge storage capacity values five times larger than in pure IrOx, and if calculated per carbon atom, this enhancement is one order magnitude larger than the induced by graphene oxide. IrOx-eG coatings show optimal in vitro neural cell viability and function as cell culture substrates. The fully straightforward electrochemical exfoliation and electrodeposition constitutes a step towards the application of graphene in biomedical systems, expanding the knowledge of pristine graphene vs. graphene oxide, in bioelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pérez
- Institut Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M P Lichtenstein
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Suñol
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c/Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Casañ-Pastor
- Institut Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Gołda-Cępa M, Aminlashgari N, Hakkarainen M, Engvall K, Kotarba A. LDI-MS examination of oxygen plasma modified polymer for designing tailored implant biointerfaces. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02656j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A versatile parylene C coating for biomaterials was fabricated by the mild oxygen plasma treatment and examined by the use of LDI-MS..
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gołda-Cępa
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - N. Aminlashgari
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Engvall
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Kotarba
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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17
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Gołda M, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Faryna M, Engvall K, Kotarba A. Oxygen plasma functionalization of parylene C coating for implants surface: nanotopography and active sites for drug anchoring. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4221-7. [PMID: 23910336 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oxygen plasma treatment (t=0.1-60 min, pO2=0.2 mbar, P=50 W) of parylene C implant surface coating was investigated in order to check its influence on morphology (SEM, AFM observations), chemical composition (XPS analysis), hydrophilicity (contact angle measurements) and biocompatibility (MG-63 cell line and Staphylococcus aureus 24167 DSM adhesion screening). The modification procedure leads to oxygen insertion (up to 20 at.%) into the polymer matrix and together with surface topography changes has a dramatic impact on wettability (change of contact angle from θ=78±2 to θ=33±1.9 for unmodified and 60 min treated sample, respectively). As a result, the hydrophilic surface of modified parylene C promotes MG-63 cells growth and at the same time does not influence S. aureus adhesion. The obtained results clearly show that the plasma treatment of parylene C surface provides suitable polar groups (C=O, C-O, O-C=O, C-O-O and O-C(O)-O) for further development of the coating functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gołda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Ingardena 3, PL-30060 Krakow, Poland.
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