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Ghandforoushan P, Alehosseini M, Golafshan N, Castilho M, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Hanaee J, Davaran S, Orive G. Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125674. [PMID: 37406921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Annually, millions of patients suffer from irreversible injury owing to the loss or failure of an organ or tissue caused by accident, aging, or disease. The combination of injectable hydrogels and the science of stem cells have emerged to address this persistent issue in society by generating minimally invasive treatments to augment tissue function. Hydrogels are composed of a cross-linked network of polymers that exhibit a high-water retention capacity, thereby mimicking the wet environment of native cells. Due to their inherent mechanical softness, hydrogels can be used as needle-injectable stem cell carrier materials to mend tissue defects. Hydrogels are made of different natural or synthetic polymers, displaying a broad portfolio of eligible properties, which include biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, shear-thinning properties as well as tunable biological and physicochemical properties. Presently, novel ongoing developments and native-like hydrogels are increasingly being used broadly to improve the quality of life of those with disabling tissue-related diseases. The present review outlines various future and in-vitro applications of injectable hydrogel-based biomaterials, focusing on the newest ongoing developments of in-situ forming injectable hydrogels for bone and cartilage tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Ghandforoushan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development, Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Alehosseini
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jalal Hanaee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; University of the Basque Country, Spain.
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2
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Gu Y, Hu Y, Huang S, Ruiz S, Kawai T, Bai Y, Han X. CpG ODN/Mangiferin Dual Delivery through Calcium Alginate Hydrogels Inhibits Immune-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis and Promotes Alveolar Bone Regeneration in Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:976. [PMID: 37508406 PMCID: PMC10376397 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the skeletal system during bone repair and regeneration. The controlled release of biological factors from the immune system could facilitate and optimize the bone remodeling process through the regulation of the activities of bone cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of the controlled delivery of immunomodulatory biologicals on bone regeneration. Immunostimulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) and glucosylxanthone Mangiferin (MAG)-embedded microbeads were incubated with P. gingivalis-challenged splenocytes, or co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells. The effect of CpG ODN/MAG-containing microbeads on bone regeneration was then tested in vivo in a mouse alveolar bone defect model. The results demonstrated that MAG significantly antagonized P. gingivalis proliferation and reduced the live/dead cell ratio. After the addition of CpG ODN + MAG microbeads, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 were upregulated on day 2 but not day 4, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β responses showed no difference at both timepoints. RANKL production by splenocytes and TRAP+ cell formation of RAW264.7 cells were inhibited by the addition of CpG ODN + MAG microbeads. Alveolar bony defects, filled with CpG ODN + MAG microbeads, showed significantly increased new bone after 4 weeks. In summary, this study evaluated a new hydrogel-based regimen for the local delivery and controlled release of biologicals to repair and regenerate alveolar bony defects. The combined CpG ODN + MAG treatment may promote alveolar bone regeneration through the anti-microbial/anti-inflammatory effects and the inhibition of RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Kaur H, Garg R, Singh S, Jana A, Bathula C, Kim HS, Kumbar SG, Mittal M. Progress and challenges of graphene and its congeners for biomedical applications. J Mol Liq 2022; 368:120703. [PMID: 38130892 PMCID: PMC10735213 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials by virtue of their small size and enhanced surface area, present unique physicochemical properties that enjoy widespread applications in bioengineering, biomedicine, biotechnology, disease diagnosis, and therapy. In recent years, graphene and its derivatives have attracted a great deal of attention in various applications, including photovoltaics, electronics, energy storage, catalysis, sensing, and biotechnology owing to their exceptional structural, optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical. Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms of atomic thickness, which are arranged in a honeycomb crystal lattice structure. Graphene derivatives are graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which are highly oxidized and less oxidized forms of graphene, respectively. Another form of graphene is graphene quantum dots (GQDs), having a size of less than 20 nm. Contemporary graphene research focuses on using graphene nanomaterials for biomedical purposes as they have a large surface area for loading biomolecules and medicine and offer the potential for the conjugation of fluorescent dyes or quantum dots for bioimaging. The present review begins with the synthesis, purification, structure, and properties of graphene nanomaterials. Then, we focussed on the biomedical application of graphene nanomaterials with special emphasis on drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering, gene delivery, and chemotherapy. The implications of graphene nanomaterials on human health and the environment have also been summarized due to their exposure to their biomedical applications. This review is anticipated to offer useful existing understanding and inspire new concepts to advance secure and effective graphene nanomaterials-based biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University institute of science, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Rahul Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Rd, Hussainpur, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Sajan Singh
- AMBER/School of Chemistry, Trinity College of Dublin, Ireland
| | - Atanu Jana
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Chinna Bathula
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mona Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, University institute of science, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab 140413, India
- Department of Chemistry, Galgotia college of engineering, Knowledge Park, I, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
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4
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Yuan Y, Shen L, Liu T, He L, Meng D, Jiang Q. Physicochemical properties of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in microcapsules combined with calcium phosphate cement and their ectopic bone formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1005954. [PMID: 36277380 PMCID: PMC9582332 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1005954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) serves as an excellent scaffold material for bone tissue engineering owing to its good biocompatibility, injectability, self-setting property and three-dimensional porous structure. However, its clinical use is limited due to the cytotoxic effect of its setting reaction on cells and difficulties in degradation into bone. In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were encapsulated in alginate chitosan alginate (ACA) microcapsules and compounded with calcium phosphate bone cement. Changes in the compressive strength, porosity, injectability and collapsibility of CPC at different volume ratios of microcapsules were evaluated. At a 40% volume ratio of microcapsules, the composite scaffold displayed high porosity and injectability with good collapsibility and compressive strength. Cell live/dead double staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and scanning electron microscopy were used to detect the viability, proliferation and adhesion of cells after cell microcapsules were combined with CPC. The results revealed that cells protected by microcapsules proliferated and adhered better than those that were directly combined with CPC paste, and cell microcapsules could effectively form macropores in scaffold material. The composite was subsequently implanted subcutaneously on the backs of nude mice, and ectopic osteogenesis of the scaffold was detected via haematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome and Goldner’s trichrome staining. CPC clearly displayed better new bone formation function and degradability after addition of pure microcapsules and cell microcapsules. Furthermore, the cell microcapsule treatment group showed greater osteogenesis than the pure microcapsule group. Collectively, these results indicate that BMSCs encapsulated in ACA microcapsules combined with CPC composite scaffolds have good application prospects as bone tissue engineering materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yuan
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lipei Shen
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Liu
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin He
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Hydrothermal Synthesis and In Vivo Fluorescent Bioimaging Application of Eu3+/Gd3+ Co-Doped Fluoroapatite Nanocrystals. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030108. [PMID: 35997446 PMCID: PMC9397069 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Eu3+/Gd3+ co-doped fluoroapatitååe (Eu/Gd:FAP) nanocrystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method as a fluorescent bioimaging agent. The phase composition, morphology, fluorescence, and biosafety of the resulting samples were characterized. Moreover, the in vivo fluorescent bioimaging application of Eu/Gd:FAP nanocrystals was evaluated in mice with subcutaneously transplanted tumors. The results showed that the Eu/Gd:FAP nanocrystals were short rod-like particles with a size of 59.27 ± 13.34 nm × 18.69 ± 3.32 nm. With an increasing F substitution content, the Eu/Gd:FAP nanocrystals displayed a decreased size and enhanced fluorescence emission. Eu/Gd:FAP nanocrystals did not show hemolysis and cytotoxicity, indicating good biocompatibility. In vivo fluorescent bioimaging study demonstrated that Eu/Gd:FAP nanocrystals could be used as a bioimaging agent and displayed stable fluorescence emitting in tumors, indicating an accumulation in tumor tissue due to the passive targeting ability. In addition, any adverse effects of Eu/Gd:FAP nanocrystals on major organs were not observed. This study shows that biocompatible rare earth co-doped FAP nanocrystals have the potential to be used as a bioimaging agent in vivo.
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Functional Graphene Nanomaterials-Based Hybrid Scaffolds for Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:65-87. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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In Vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Composite Hydrogel Beads of Cross-Linked Gelatin-Alginate with Gentamicin-Impregnated Porous Scaffold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101000. [PMID: 34681223 PMCID: PMC8541638 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) is in the form of a paste, and its special advantage is that it can repair small and complex bone defects. In the case of open wounds, tissue debridement is necessary before tissue repair and the subsequent control of wound infection; therefore, CPC composite hydrogel beads containing antibiotics provide an excellent option to fill bone defects and deliver antibiotics locally for a long period. In this study, CPC was composited with the millimeter-sized spherical beads of cross-linked gelatin–alginate hydrogels at the different ratios of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, and 50 vol.%. The hydrogel was impregnated with gentamicin and characterized before compositing with CPC. The physicochemical properties, gentamicin release, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and mineralization of the CPC/hydrogel composites were characterized. The compressive strength of the CPC/hydrogel composites gradually decreased as the hydrogel content increased, and the compressive strength of composites containing gentamicin had the largest decrease. The working time and setting time of each group can be adjusted to 8 and 16 min, respectively, using a hardening solution to make the composite suitable for clinical use. The release of gentamicin before the hydrogel beads was composited with CPC varied greatly with immersion time. However, a stable controlled release effect was obtained in the CPC/gentamicin-impregnated hydrogel composite. The 50 vol.% hydrogel/CPC composite had the best antibacterial effect and no cytotoxicity but had reduced cell mineralization. Therefore, the optimal hydrogel beads content can be 25 vol.% to obtain a CPC/gentamicin-impregnated hydrogel composite with adequate strength, antibacterial activity, and bio-reactivity. This CPC/hydrogel containing gentamicin is expected to be used in clinical surgery in the future to accelerate bone regeneration and prevent prosthesis infection after surgery.
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8
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A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183075. [PMID: 34577976 PMCID: PMC8472520 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material used in the treatment of bone defects due to its profitable features of self-setting capability, osteoconductivity, injectability, mouldability, and biocompatibility. However, the major limitations of CPC, such as the brittleness, lack of osteogenic property, and poor washout resistance, remain to be resolved. Thus, significant research effort has been committed to modify and reinforce CPC. The mixture of CPC with various biological materials, defined as the materials produced by living organisms, have been fabricated by researchers and their characteristics have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. This present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview enabling the readers to compare the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of CPC upon the incorporation of different biological materials. By mixing the bone-related transcription factors, proteins, and/or polysaccharides with CPC, researchers have demonstrated that these combinations not only resolved the lack of mechanical strength and osteogenic effects of CPC but also further improve its own functional properties. However, exceptions were seen in CPC incorporated with certain proteins (such as elastin-like polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide) as well as blood components. In conclusion, the addition of biological materials potentially improves CPC features, which vary depending on the types of materials embedded into it. The significant enhancement of CPC seen in vitro and in vivo requires further verification in human trials for its clinical application.
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Ebhodaghe SO. Natural Polymeric Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2144-2194. [PMID: 34328068 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1958185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural polymeric scaffolds can be used for tissue engineering applications such as cell delivery and cell-free supporting of native tissues. This is because of their desirable properties such as; high biocompatibility, tunable mechanical strength and conductivity, large surface area, porous- and extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicked structures. Specifically, their less toxicity and biocompatibility makes them suitable for several tissue engineering applications. For these reasons, several biopolymeric scaffolds are currently being explored for numerous tissue engineering applications. To date, research on the nature, chemistry, and properties of nanocomposite biopolymers are been reported, while the need for a comprehensive research note on more tissue engineering application of these biopolymers remains. As a result, this present study comprehensively reviews the development of common natural biopolymers as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications such as cartilage tissue engineering, cornea repairs, osteochondral defect repairs, and nerve regeneration. More so, the implications of research findings for further studies are presented, while the impact of research advances on future research and other specific recommendations are added as well.
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Wu S, Lei L, Bao C, Liu J, Weir MD, Ren K, Schneider A, Oates TW, Liu J, Xu HHK. An injectable and antibacterial calcium phosphate scaffold inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and supporting stem cells for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111688. [PMID: 33545850 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the major pathogen for osteomyelitis, which can lead to bone necrosis and destruction. There has been no report on antibacterial calcium phosphate cement (CPC) against S. aureus. The aims of this study were to: (1) develop novel antibacterial CPC-chitosan-alginate microbead scaffold; (2) investigate mechanical and antibacterial properties of CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate scaffold; (3) evaluate the encapsulation and delivery of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs). Flexural strength, elastic modulus and work-of-fracture of the CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate microbeads scaffold and CPC-chitosan scaffold were evaluated. Penicillin release profile and antibacterial effects on S. aureus were determined. The hUCMSC delivery and release from penicillin-alginate microbeads were investigated. Injectable CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate microbeads scaffold was developed for the first time. CPC-chitosan-penicillin-alginate microbeads scaffold had a flexural strength of 3.16 ± 0.55 MPa, matching that of cancellous bone. With sustained penicillin release, the new scaffold had strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus, with an inhibition zone diameter of 32.2 ± 2.5 mm, greater than that of penicillin disk control (15.1 ± 2.0 mm) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this injectable and antibacterial scaffold had no toxic effects, yielding excellent hUCMSC viability, which was similar to that of CPC control without antibacterial activity (p > 0.05). CPC-chitosan-penicillin-microbeads scaffold had injectability, good strength, strong antibacterial effects, and good biocompatibility to support stem cell viability for osteogenesis. CPC-chitosan-penicillin-microbeads scaffold is promising for dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications to combat infections and promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chongyun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Key Laboratory of Shannxi for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Clinical Research Center of Shannxi for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shannxi 710004, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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11
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Filippi M, Born G, Chaaban M, Scherberich A. Natural Polymeric Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:474. [PMID: 32509754 PMCID: PMC7253672 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in microsurgical techniques over the past decades, bone tissue remains a challenging arena to obtain a satisfying functional and structural restoration after damage. Through the production of substituting materials mimicking the physical and biological properties of the healthy tissue, tissue engineering strategies address an urgent clinical need for therapeutic alternatives to bone autografts. By virtue of their structural versatility, polymers have a predominant role in generating the biodegradable matrices that hold the cells in situ to sustain the growth of new tissue until integration into the transplantation area (i.e., scaffolds). As compared to synthetic ones, polymers of natural origin generally present superior biocompatibility and bioactivity. Their assembly and further engineering give rise to a wide plethora of advanced supporting materials, accounting for systems based on hydrogels or scaffolds with either fibrous or porous architecture. The present review offers an overview of the various types of natural polymers currently adopted in bone tissue engineering, describing their manufacturing techniques and procedures of functionalization with active biomolecules, and listing the advantages and disadvantages in their respective use in order to critically compare their actual applicability potential. Their combination to other classes of materials (such as micro and nanomaterials) and other innovative strategies to reproduce physiological bone microenvironments in a more faithful way are also illustrated. The regeneration outcomes achieved in vitro and in vivo when the scaffolds are enriched with different cell types, as well as the preliminary clinical applications are presented, before the prospects in this research field are finally discussed. The collection of studies herein considered confirms that advances in natural polymer research will be determinant in designing translatable materials for efficient tissue regeneration with forthcoming impact expected in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gordian Born
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mansoor Chaaban
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Yousefi AM. A review of calcium phosphate cements and acrylic bone cements as injectable materials for bone repair and implant fixation. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 17:2280800019872594. [PMID: 31718388 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019872594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects caused by trauma or disease is a major burden on human healthcare systems. Although autologous bone grafts are considered as the gold standard, they are limited in availability and are associated with post-operative complications. Minimally invasive alternatives using injectable bone cements are currently used in certain clinical procedures, such as vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty. Nevertheless, given the high incidence of fractures and pathologies that result in bone voids, there is an unmet need for injectable materials with desired properties for minimally invasive procedures. This paper provides an overview of the most common injectable bone cement materials for clinical use. The emphasis has been placed on calcium phosphate cements and acrylic bone cements, while enabling the readers to compare the opportunities and challenges for these two classes of bone cements. This paper also briefly reviews antibiotic-loaded bone cements used in bone repair and implant fixation, including their efficacy and cost for healthcare systems. A summary of the current challenges and recommendations for future directions has been brought in the concluding section of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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13
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Improved accumulation of TGF-β by photopolymerized chitosan/silk protein bio-hydrogel matrix to improve differentiations of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111744. [PMID: 31887637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage regeneration is a challenging process due to its inadequate ability of self-recovering biological mechanisms. The progresses of cartilage tissue engineering is supported to overwhelmed the repairing difficulties and degenerative diseases. The main goal of the present study is to design biomaterials with suitable physico-chemical, mechanical and biological properties for the carrier of growth factor and improving differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell into damaged cartilage tissues. Herein, TGF-β loaded hydrogel network was prepared through the chemical interactions between vinyl group of natural polymers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results show the characteristic peaks at 3074 cm-1, 1713 cm-1, and 810 cm-1, which confirm the existence of the vinyl group and successful formation of maleoyl functionalized Chitosan (MCh). The obtained MCh was freely dissolved in the distilled water up to 8% (w/v). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectral results show a peak at 289.0 eV which revealed that the OCO and DS were 1.2% and also evidenced the methacryl substitution of Silk fibroin (SF) nanoformulations. The weight loss and mechanical test were analyzed and the results showed that MSF acts as a foremost crosslinking point with MCh through the reaction between the methacrylate groups of MSF and maleoyl groups of MCh which led to enhancing the density and improved the compressive strength. The maximum drug release activity was recorded in the TGF-β loaded MCh@MSF hydrogel compared to bare MCh hydrogel. Further, the TGF-β loaded MCh@ MSF hydrogel exhibited the cell viability percentage nearly at 79-102% for MC3T3-E1 and 88-104% for BMDSCs. Similarly, the TGF-β loaded MCh@MSF exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against E. coli (83%) than S. aureus (67%). Overall, this study concluded the TGF-β loaded MCh@MSF showed better biocompatibility and could be utilized in the field of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Thermal cycling effect on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells loaded on 3D-porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) scaffolds for early osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110027. [PMID: 31546388 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The application of heat stress on a defect site during the healing process is a promising technique for early bone regeneration. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of periodic heat shock on bone formation. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds, followed by periodic heating to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. Heat was applied to cells seeded onto scaffolds at 41 °C for 1 h once, twice, and four times a day for seven days and their viability, morphology, and differentiation were analyzed. BCP scaffolds with interconnected porous structures mimic bone biology for cellular studies. MTT and confocal studies have shown that heat shock significantly increased cell proliferation without any toxic effects. Compared to non-heated samples, heat shock enhanced calcium deposition and mineralization, which could be visualized by SEM observation and Alizarin red S staining. Immunostaining images showed the localization of osteogenic proteins ALP and OPN on heat-shocked cells. qRT-PCR analysis revealed the presence of more osteospecific markers, osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin, collagen type X, and Runx2, in the heat-shocked samples than in the non-heated sample. Periodic heat shock significantly upregulated both heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP27) in differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells. The results of this study demonstrated that periodically heat applied especially two times a day was better approach for osteogenic differentiation. Hence, this work provides a define temperature and time schedule for the development of a clinical heating device in future for early bone regeneration during the postsurgical period.
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Kong Y, Zhao Y, Li D, Shen H, Yan M. Dual delivery of encapsulated BM-MSCs and BMP-2 improves osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2282-2295. [PMID: 31152570 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies provide a promising approach for bone repair. In the present work, we developed a novel 3D vehicle system for dual-delivery of encapsulated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for treatment of large bone defects. The vehicle system consists of sodium alginate microcapsules and polylactic acid (PLLA) microspheres. BM-MSCs are encapsulated in the microcapsules, and BMP-2 proteins are encapsulated in the PLLA microspheres. This vehicle system acted as a multicore structure for sustained release of BMP-2, which enabled pulsed dosing induction of osteogenic differentiation of the co-embedded BM-MSCs. in vitro experiments showed that the loaded BMP-2 was constitutively released up to 30 days. Bioactivity of the incorporated BMP-2 in the microspheres was preserved and osteogenic differentiation of the BM-MSCs in the microcapsules was improved. In vivo, osteogenesis studies demonstrated that satisfactory degree of repair of a rat calvarial defect was achieved with the delivery of either encapsulated BM-MSCs alone or encapsulated BMP-2 alone. Transplantation of encapsulated both BM-MSCs and BMP-2 exhibited the greatest repair potential following 4- or 8-weeks treatment. In conclusion, microencapsulation of BM-MSCs and BMP-2 promoted the maturity of newly generated bone and improved new bone formation. Transplantation of BM-MSCs and BMP-2 in our novel 3-D vehicle system is a promising strategy for regenerative therapies of large bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Shen
- Center for Medical Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingming Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Li L, Yu F, Zheng L, Wang R, Yan W, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu J, Shi D, Zhu L, Wang X, Jiang Q. Natural hydrogels for cartilage regeneration: Modification, preparation and application. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:26-41. [PMID: 31194006 PMCID: PMC6551352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, consisting of hydrophilic polymers, can be used as films, scaffolds, nanoparticles and drug carriers. They are one of the hot research topics in material science and tissue engineering and are widely used in the field of biomedical and biological sciences. Researchers are seeking for a type of material that is similar to human tissues and can partially replace human tissues or organs. The hydrogel has brought possibility to solve this problem. It has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. After entering the body, it does not cause immune and toxic reactions. The degradation time can be controlled, and the degradation products are nontoxic and nonimmunogenic; the final metabolites can be excreted outside the body. Owing to the lack of blood vessels and poor migration ability of chondrocytes, the self-healing ability of damaged cartilage is limited. Tissue engineering has brought a new direction for the regeneration of cartilage. Drug carriers and scaffolds made of hydrogels are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering. The present review introduces the natural hydrogels, which are often used for cartilage tissue engineering with respect to synthesis, modification and application methods. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This review introduces the natural hydrogels that are often used in cartilage tissue engineering with respect to synthesis, modification and application methods. Furthermore, the essential concepts and recent discoveries were demonstrated to illustrate the achievable goals and the current limitations. In addition, we propose the putative challenges and directions for the use of natural hydrogels in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Marine Polysaccharides: Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8855-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nabavinia M, Khoshfetrat AB, Naderi-Meshkin H. Nano-hydroxyapatite-alginate-gelatin microcapsule as a potential osteogenic building block for modular bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:67-77. [PMID: 30678955 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To develop osteogenic building blocks for modular bone tissue engineering applications, influence of gelatin as cell adhesive molecule and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) as osteoconductive component was examined on alginate-based hydrogel properties and microencapsulated osteoblast-like cell behavior by using factorial experimental design technique. nHA and alginate showed a statistically significant impact on swelling reduction, and improvement of stability and mechanical strength of hydrogels, respectively. Gelatin influence, however, was in a reverse manner. nHA played imperative roles in promoting microencapsulated osteoblastic cell proliferation and function due to its bioactivity and mechanical strength improvement of hydrogels to the modulus range of mineralized bone tissue in vivo. The results and their statistical analysis also revealed the importance of interaction effect of gelatin and nHA. Proliferation and osteogenic function of the cells fluctuated with increasing gelatin concentration of microcapsules in the presence of nHA, demonstrating that hydrogel properties should be balanced to provide an efficient 3D osteoconductive microcapsule. Alginate (1%)-gelatin (2.5%)-nHA (0.5%) microcapsule with compressive modulus of 0.19 MPa ± 0.02, swelling ratio of 52% ± 8 (24 h) and degradation rate of 12% ± 4 (96 h) revealed a maximum performance for the cell proliferation and function, indicating a potential microcapsule composition to prepare building blocks for modular bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Nabavinia
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran; Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Ali Baradar Khoshfetrat
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran; Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran.
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center of Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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Shin DY, Cheon KH, Song EH, Seong YJ, Park JU, Kim HE, Jeong SH. Fluorine-ion-releasing injectable alginate nanocomposite hydrogel for enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:866-877. [PMID: 30447366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The creation of a moist environment and promotion of cell proliferation and migration together with antibacterial property are critical to the wound-healing process. Alginate (Alg) is an excellent candidate for injectable wound dressing materials because it can form a gel in a mild environment. Taking advantage of its gelation property, an injectable nano composite hydrogel containing nano-sized (about 90 nm) calcium fluoride (CaF2) particles was developed using in-situ precipitation process. The amount of released fluorine (F-) ion from the nanocomposite hydrogel increased with increasing CaF2 content inside the composite hydrogel and the ions stimulated both the proliferation and migration of fibroblast cells in vitro. The antibacterial property of the composite hydrogel against E. coli and S. aureus was confirmed through colony formation test where the number of bacterial colonies significantly decreased compared to Alg hydrogel. The in vivo results based on a full-thickness wound model showed that the nanocomposite hydrogel effectively enhanced the deposition of the extracellular matrix compared to that of the Alg hydrogel. This study demonstrates the potential of this nanocomposite hydrogel as a bioactive injectable wound-dressing material with the ability to inhibit bacterial growth and stimulate cell proliferation and migration for accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Cheon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ho Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Biomedical Implant Convergence Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seol-Ha Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Injectable, biomechanically robust, biodegradable and osseointegrative bone cement for percutaneous kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2017; 42:125-132. [PMID: 29116357 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-017-3674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cement is widely used for percutaneous kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty (PKP and PVP) but possesses formidable shortcomings due to non-degradability. Here, a biodegradable replacement is developed. METHODS Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) was redesigned by incorporating starch and BaSO4 (new cement named as CPB). The biomechanical, biocompatibility, osseointegrative and handling properties of CPB were systematically evaluated in vitro and in vivo by the models of osteoporotic sheep vertebra, rat subcutaneous implantation and rat femoral defect. RESULTS CPB revealed appropriate injectability and setting ability for PKP and PVP. More importantly, its biomechanical strengths measured by in vitro and in vivo models were not less than that of PMMA, while its biodegradability and osseointegrative capacities were significantly enhanced compared to PMMA. CONCLUSIONS CPB is injectable, biomechanically robust, biodegradable and osseointegrative, demonstrating revolutionary potential for the application in PKP and PVP.
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Eliaz N, Metoki N. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics: A Review of Their History, Structure, Properties, Coating Technologies and Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E334. [PMID: 28772697 PMCID: PMC5506916 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are widely used in the field of bone regeneration, both in orthopedics and in dentistry, due to their good biocompatibility, osseointegration and osteoconduction. The aim of this article is to review the history, structure, properties and clinical applications of these materials, whether they are in the form of bone cements, paste, scaffolds, or coatings. Major analytical techniques for characterization of CaPs, in vitro and in vivo tests, and the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and international standards from CaP coatings on orthopedic and dental endosseous implants, are also summarized, along with the possible effect of sterilization on these materials. CaP coating technologies are summarized, with a focus on electrochemical processes. Theories on the formation of transient precursor phases in biomineralization, the dissolution and reprecipitation as bone of CaPs are discussed. A wide variety of CaPs are presented, from the individual phases to nano-CaP, biphasic and triphasic CaP formulations, composite CaP coatings and cements, functionally graded materials (FGMs), and antibacterial CaPs. We conclude by foreseeing the future of CaPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Eliaz
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Noah Metoki
- Biomaterials and Corrosion Lab, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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Soares DG, Rosseto HL, Scheffel DS, Basso FG, Huck C, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Odontogenic differentiation potential of human dental pulp cells cultured on a calcium-aluminate enriched chitosan-collagen scaffold. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2827-2839. [PMID: 28281011 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the odontogenic potential of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in contact with an experimental porous chitosan-collagen scaffold (CHC) enriched or not with a mineral phase of calcium-aluminate (CHC-CA). MATERIAL AND METHODS To assess the chemotactic effect of the materials, we placed HDPCs seeded on transwell membranes in intimate contact with the CHC or CHC-CA surface, and the cell migration was monitored for 48 h. Additionally, cells were seeded onto the material surface, and the viability and proliferation were evaluated at several time points. To assess the odontoblastic differentiation, we evaluated ALP activity, DSPP/DMP-1 gene expression, and mineralized matrix deposition. HDPCs cultured onto a polystyrene surface (monolayer) were used as negative control group. RESULTS The experimental CHC-CA scaffold induced intense migration of HDPCs through transwell membranes, with cells attaching to and spreading on the material surface after 24-h incubation. Also, the HDPCs seeded onto the CHC-CA scaffold were capable of migrating inside it, remaining viable and featuring a proliferative rate more rapid than that of CHC and control groups at 7 and 14 days of cell culture. At long-term culture, cells in the CHC-CA scaffold featured the highest deposition of mineralized matrix and expression of odontoblastic markers (ALP activity and DSPP/DMP-1 gene expression). CONCLUSIONS According to the results, the CHC-CA scaffold is a bioactive and cytocompatible material capable of increasing the odontogenic potential of human pulp cells. Based on analysis of the positive data obtained in this study, one can suggest that the CHC-CA scaffold is an interesting future candidate for the treatment of exposed pulps. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The experimental scaffold composed by a chitosan-collagen matrix mineralized with calcium aluminate seems to be an interesting candidate for in vivo application as a cell-free approach to dentin tissue engineering, which may open a new perspective for the treatment of exposed pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Hebert Luís Rosseto
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University - USP, Avenida do Café, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Salles Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Claudia Huck
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, University Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Humaitá Street, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-903, Brazil.
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Du X, Huang F, Zhang S, Yao Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Huang H, Bai B. Carboxymethylcellulose with phenolic hydroxyl microcapsules enclosinggene-modified BMSCs for controlled BMP-2 release in vitro. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:1710-1720. [PMID: 28129696 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1282499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufan Du
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Huang
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushu Chen
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxuan Huang
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Orthopaedic Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
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Buriuli M, Verma D. Polyelectrolyte Complexes (PECs) for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3328-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wang L, Wang P, Weir MD, Reynolds MA, Zhao L, Xu HHK. Hydrogel fibers encapsulating human stem cells in an injectable calcium phosphate scaffold for bone tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:065008. [PMID: 27811389 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/6/065008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are exciting cell sources for use in regenerative medicine. There have been no reports on long hydrogel fibers encapsulating stem cells inside an injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The objectives of this study were: (1) to develop a novel injectable CPC construct containing hydrogel fibers encapsulating cells for bone engineering, and (2) to investigate and compare cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hiPSC-MSCs, hESC-MSCs and hUCMSCs in injectable CPC. The pastes encapsulating the stem cells were fully injectable under a small injection force, and the injection did not harm the cells, compared with non-injected cells (p > 0.1). The mechanical properties of the stem cell-CPC construct were much better than those of previous injectable polymers and hydrogels for cell delivery. The hiPSC-MSCs, hESC-MSCs and hUCMSCs in hydrogel fibers in CPC had excellent proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. All three cell types yielded high alkaline phosphatase, runt-related transcription factor, collagen I and osteocalcin expression (mean ± SD; n = 6). Cell-synthesized minerals increased substantially with time (p < 0.05), with no significant difference among the three types of cells (p > 0.1). Mineralization by hiPSC-MSCs, hESC-MSCs and hUCMSCs in CPC at 14 d was 13-fold that at 1 d. In conclusion, all three types of cells (hiPSC-MSCs, hESC-MSCs and hUCMSCs) in a CPC scaffold showed high potential for bone tissue engineering, and the novel injectable CPC construct with cell-encapsulating hydrogel fibers is promising for enhancing bone regeneration in dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130011, People's Republic of China. Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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LogithKumar R, KeshavNarayan A, Dhivya S, Chawla A, Saravanan S, Selvamurugan N. A review of chitosan and its derivatives in bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:172-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Elsayed NH, Monier M, Alatawi RA. Synthesis and characterization of photo-crosslinkable 4-styryl-pyridine modified alginate. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 145:121-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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SOARES DG, ROSSETO HL, BASSO FG, SCHEFFEL DS, HEBLING J, COSTA CADS. Chitosan-collagen biomembrane embedded with calcium-aluminate enhances dentinogenic potential of pulp cells. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e54. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Nivedhitha Sundaram M, Deepthi S, Jayakumar R. Chitosan-Gelatin Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering. SPRINGER SERIES ON POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Wang P, Song Y, Weir MD, Sun J, Zhao L, Simon CG, Xu HHK. A self-setting iPSMSC-alginate-calcium phosphate paste for bone tissue engineering. Dent Mater 2015; 32:252-63. [PMID: 26743965 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are promising for dental and craniofacial repairs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop an injectable cell delivery system based on encapsulation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSMSCs) in microbeads; (2) develop a novel tissue engineered construct by dispersing iPSMSC-microbeads in CPC to investigate bone regeneration in an animal model for the first time. METHODS iPSMSCs were pre-osteoinduced for 2 weeks (OS-iPSMSCs), or transduced with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2-iPSMSCs). Cells were encapsulated in fast-degradable alginate microbeads. Microbeads were mixed with CPC paste and filled into cranial defects in nude rats. Four groups were tested: (1) CPC-microbeads without cells (CPC control); (2) CPC-microbeads-iPSMSCs (CPC-iPSMSCs); (3) CPC-microbeads-OS-iPSMSCs (CPC-OS-iPSMSCs); (4) CPC-microbeads-BMP2-iPSMSCs (CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs). RESULTS Cells maintained good viability inside microbeads after injection. The microbeads were able to release the cells which had more than 10-fold increase in live cell density from 1 to 14 days. The cells exhibited up-regulation of osteogenic markers and deposition of minerals. In vivo, new bone area fraction (mean±SD; n=5) for CPC-iPSMSCs group was (22.5±7.6)%. New bone area fractions were (38.9±18.4)% and (44.7±22.8)% for CPC-OS-iPSMSCs group and CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs group, respectively, 2-3 times the (15.6±11.2)% in CPC control at 12 weeks (p<0.05). Cell-CPC constructs accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSCs having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. SIGNIFICANCE Novel injectable CPC-microbead-cell constructs promoted bone regeneration, with OS-iPSMSCs and BMP2-iPSMSCs having 2-3 fold the new bone of CPC control. Cell delivery accelerated scaffold resorption, with CPC-BMP2-iPSMSC having remaining scaffold material that was 7-fold less than CPC control. Therefore, CPC-microbead-iPSMSC is a promising injectable material for orthopedic, dental and craniofacial bone regenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Song
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jinyu Sun
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Carl G Simon
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Surface engineering of titanium with simvastatin-releasing polymer nanoparticles for enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hashemi M, Kalalinia F. Application of encapsulation technology in stem cell therapy. Life Sci 2015; 143:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qiao PY, Li FF, Dong LM, Xu T, Xie QF. Delivering MC3T3-E1 cells into injectable calcium phosphate cement through alginate-chitosan microcapsules for bone tissue engineering. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:382-92. [PMID: 24711359 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To deliver cells deep into injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) through alginate-chitosan (AC) microcapsules and investigate the biological behavior of the cells released from microcapsules into the CPC. METHODS Mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were embedded in alginate and AC microcapsules using an electrostatic droplet generator. The two types of cell-encapsulating microcapsules were then mixed with a CPC paste. MC3T3-E1 cell viability was investigated using a Wst-8 kit, and osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. Cell attachment in CPC was observed by an environment scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Both alginate and AC microcapsules were able to release the encapsulated MC3T3-E1 cells when mixed with CPC paste. The released cells attached to the setting CPC scaffolds, survived, differentiated, and formed mineralized nodules. Cells grew in the pores concomitantly created by the AC microcapsules in situ within the CPC. At Day 21, cellular ALP activity in the AC group was approximately four times that at Day 7 and exceeded that of the alginate microcapsule group (P<0.05). Pores formed by the AC microcapsules had a diameter of several hundred microns and were spherical compared with those formed by alginate microcapsules. CONCLUSIONS AC microcapsule is a promising carrier to release seeding cells deep into an injectable CPC scaffold for bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-yan Qiao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Key Lab of Fine Ceramics, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Westhrin M, Xie M, Olderøy MØ, Sikorski P, Strand BL, Standal T. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in mineralized alginate matrices. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120374. [PMID: 25769043 PMCID: PMC4358956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mineralized biomaterials are promising for use in bone tissue engineering. Culturing osteogenic cells in such materials will potentially generate biological bone grafts that may even further augment bone healing. Here, we studied osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in an alginate hydrogel system where the cells were co-immobilized with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for gradual mineralization of the microenvironment. MSC were embedded in unmodified alginate beads and alginate beads mineralized with ALP to generate a polymer/hydroxyapatite scaffold mimicking the composition of bone. The initial scaffold mineralization induced further mineralization of the beads with nanosized particles, and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated presence of collagen in the mineralized and unmineralized alginate beads cultured in osteogenic medium. Cells in both types of beads sustained high viability and metabolic activity for the duration of the study (21 days) as evaluated by live/dead staining and alamar blue assay. MSC in beads induced to differentiate in osteogenic direction expressed higher mRNA levels of osteoblast-specific genes (RUNX2, COL1AI, SP7, BGLAP) than MSC in traditional cell cultures. Furthermore, cells differentiated in beads expressed both sclerostin (SOST) and dental matrix protein-1 (DMP1), markers for late osteoblasts/osteocytes. In conclusion, Both ALP-modified and unmodified alginate beads provide an environment that enhance osteogenic differentiation compared with traditional 2D culture. Also, the ALP-modified alginate beads showed profound mineralization and thus have the potential to serve as a bone substitute in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Westhrin
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Minli Xie
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø. Olderøy
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit L. Strand
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese Standal
- Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Center for Myeloma Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Stoppel WL, Ghezzi CE, McNamara SL, Black LD, Kaplan DL. Clinical applications of naturally derived biopolymer-based scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:657-80. [PMID: 25537688 PMCID: PMC8196399 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Naturally derived polymeric biomaterials, such as collagens, silks, elastins, alginates, and fibrins are utilized in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and tunable mechanical and degradation kinetics. The use of these natural biopolymers in biomedical applications is advantageous because they do not release cytotoxic degradation products, are often processed using environmentally-friendly aqueous-based methods, and their degradation rates within biological systems can be manipulated by modifying the starting formulation or processing conditions. For these reasons, many recent in vivo investigations and FDA-approval of new biomaterials for clinical use have utilized natural biopolymers as matrices for cell delivery and as scaffolds for cell-free support of native tissues. This review highlights biopolymer-based scaffolds used in clinical applications for the regeneration and repair of native tissues, with a focus on bone, skeletal muscle, peripheral nerve, cardiac muscle, and cornea substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney L. Stoppel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Stephanie L. McNamara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- The Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren D. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Meng D, Dong L, Wen Y, Xie Q. Effects of adding resorbable chitosan microspheres to calcium phosphate cements for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 47:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Venkatesan J, Bhatnagar I, Manivasagan P, Kang KH, Kim SK. Alginate composites for bone tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:269-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bone tissue engineering via nanostructured calcium phosphate biomaterials and stem cells. Bone Res 2014; 2:14017. [PMID: 26273526 PMCID: PMC4472121 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is promising to meet the increasing need for bone regeneration. Nanostructured calcium phosphate (CaP) biomaterials/scaffolds are of special interest as they share chemical/crystallographic similarities to inorganic components of bone. Three applications of nano-CaP are discussed in this review: nanostructured calcium phosphate cement (CPC); nano-CaP composites; and nano-CaP coatings. The interactions between stem cells and nano-CaP are highlighted, including cell attachment, orientation/morphology, differentiation and in vivo bone regeneration. Several trends can be seen: (i) nano-CaP biomaterials support stem cell attachment/proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation, in some cases even without osteogenic supplements; (ii) the influence of nano-CaP surface patterns on cell alignment is not prominent due to non-uniform distribution of nano-crystals; (iii) nano-CaP can achieve better bone regeneration than conventional CaP biomaterials; (iv) combining stem cells with nano-CaP accelerates bone regeneration, the effect of which can be further enhanced by growth factors; and (v) cell microencapsulation in nano-CaP scaffolds is promising for bone tissue engineering. These understandings would help researchers to further uncover the underlying mechanisms and interactions in nano-CaP stem cell constructs in vitro and in vivo, tailor nano-CaP composite construct design and stem cell type selection to enhance cell function and bone regeneration, and translate laboratory findings to clinical treatments.
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Cytocompatibility, gene-expression profiling, apoptotic, mechanical and (29)Si, (31)P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies following treatment with a bioglass-chitosan composite. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2571-9. [PMID: 25214211 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The performance therapy of chitosan (CH)-doped bioactive glass (BG) has been evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the effect of CH-BG was assessed on human Saos-2 osteoblast cells. In vivo, Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and CH, BG and CH-BG were implanted in bone tissue. After 3 days of CH-BG contact, cell viability of Saos-2 osteoblast increased by 16.4% as compared to the control group. The runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2/Cbfa1) and osteocalcin (OC) gene expressions were significantly increased with 600 and 300%, respectively, in contact of CH-BG as compared with CH. In vivo, the apoptotic index in the OVX-CH-BG group was decreased by 80%. A mechanical hardness test showed a significant bone strength improvement after CH-BG implantation (40%). The CH-BG composite may therefore prove clinically useful as a bioactive bone substitute.
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Venkatesan J, Nithya R, Sudha PN, Kim SK. Role of alginate in bone tissue engineering. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2014; 73:45-57. [PMID: 25300542 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800268-1.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bone, a typical inorganic-organic biocomposite, is made of approximately 70 wt% inorganic components, mainly hydroxyapatite (HAp,Ca(10)(PO(4))(6)(OH)(2)), and 30 wt% of organic matrix, mainly collagen I. Human organ failure caused by defects, injuries, or other types of damage is one of the most devastating and costly problems in human health care. Recently, tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach for bone repair and reconstruction. The ultimate goal of bone tissue engineering is the fabrication of a construct that matches the physical and biological properties of the natural bone tissue. Biopolymers have some distinct advantages such as their biodegradation rates and mechanical properties can be tailored to a certain extent for specific applications. Alginate, a natural polysaccharide, is readily processable for applicable three-dimensional scaffolding materials such as hydrogels, microspheres, microcapsules, sponges, foams, and fibers. Alginate can be easily modified via chemical and physical reactions to obtain derivatives having various structures, properties, functions, and applications. The purpose of this chapter is to review recent research on alginate in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Venkatesan
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science and Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - R Nithya
- Department of Chemistry, D.K.M. College for Women, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasad N Sudha
- Department of Chemistry, D.K.M. College for Women, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine-bio Convergence Science and Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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