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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Guler Celik E, Timur S. Nano-Scaled Materials and Polymer Integration in Biosensing Tools. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050301. [PMID: 35624602 PMCID: PMC9139048 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of biosensors and diagnostic devices has been thriving in its ability to provide reliable tools with simplified operation steps. These evolutions have paved the way for further advances in sensing materials, strategies, and device structures. Polymeric composite materials can be formed into nanostructures and networks of different types, including hydrogels, vesicles, dendrimers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP), etc. Due to their biocompatibility, flexibility, and low prices, they are promising tools for future lab-on-chip devices as both manufacturing materials and immobilization surfaces. Polymers can also allow the construction of scaffold materials and 3D structures that further elevate the sensing capabilities of traditional 2D biosensors. This review discusses the latest developments in nano-scaled materials and synthesis techniques for polymer structures and their integration into sensing applications by highlighting their various structural advantages in producing highly sensitive tools that rival bench-top instruments. The developments in material design open a new door for decentralized medicine and public protection that allows effective onsite and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (H.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (H.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (H.M.); (F.G.)
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence:
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2
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Susilawati S, Prayogi S, Arif MF, Ismail NM, Bilad MR, Asy’ari M. Optical Properties and Conductivity of PVA-H 3PO 4 (Polyvinyl Alcohol-Phosphoric Acid) Film Blend Irradiated by γ-Rays. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071065. [PMID: 33800592 PMCID: PMC8036257 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the optical properties and conductivity of PVA–H3PO4 (polyvinyl alcohol–phosphoric acid) polymer film blend irradiated by gamma (γ) rays. The PVA–H3PO4 polymer film blend was prepared by the solvent-casting method at H3PO4 concentrations of 75 v% and 85 v%, and then irradiated up to 25 kGy using γ-rays from the Cobalt-60 isotope source. The optical absorption spectrum was measured using an ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer over a wavelength range of 200 to 700 nm. It was found that the absorption peaks are in three regions, namely two peaks in the ultraviolet region (310 and 350 nm) and one peak in the visible region (550 nm). The presence of an absorption peak after being exposed to hυ energy indicates a transition of electrons from HOMO to LUMO within the polymer chain. The study of optical absorption shows that the energy band gap (energy gap) depends on the radiation dose and the concentration of H3PO4 in the polymer film blend. The optical absorption, absorption edge, and energy gap decrease with increasing H3PO4 concentration and radiation dose. The interaction between PVA and H3PO4 blend led to an increase in the conductivity of the resulting polymer blend film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susilawati Susilawati
- Master of Science Education Program, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
- Physics Education, FKIP, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Saiful Prayogi
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhamad F. Arif
- Department of Materials Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia;
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Asy’ari
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia; (S.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.A.)
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Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Conducting Polymers: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are an important class of functional materials that has been widely applied to fabricate electrochemical biosensors, because of their interesting and tunable chemical, electrical, and structural properties. Conducting polymers can also be designed through chemical grafting of functional groups, nanostructured, or associated with other functional materials such as nanoparticles to provide tremendous improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the biosensor’s response to a variety of bioanalytes. Such biosensors are expected to play a growing and significant role in delivering the diagnostic information and therapy monitoring since they have advantages including their low cost and low detection limit. Therefore, this article starts with the description of electroanalytical methods (potentiometry, amperometry, conductometry, voltammetry, impedometry) used in electrochemical biosensors, and continues with a review of the recent advances in the application of conducting polymers in the recognition of bioanalytes leading to the development of enzyme based biosensors, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, and whole-cell biosensors.
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Abrera AT, Sützl L, Haltrich D. Pyranose oxidase: A versatile sugar oxidoreductase for bioelectrochemical applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 132:107409. [PMID: 31821902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyranose oxidase (POx) is an FAD-dependent oxidoreductase, and like glucose oxidase (GOx) it is a member of the glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) superfamily of oxidoreductases. POx oxidizes several monosaccharides including D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-xylose, while concurrently oxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide. In addition to this oxidase activity, POx shows pronounced activity with alternative electron acceptors that include various quinones or (complexed) metal ions. Even though POx in general shows properties that are more favourable than those of GOx (e.g., a considerably higher catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for D-glucose, significantly lower Michaelis constants Km for D-glucose, reactivity with both anomeric forms of D-glucose) it is much less frequently used for both biosensor and biofuel cell applications than GOx. POx has been applied in biosensing of D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-xylose, and in combination with α-glucosidase also maltose. An attractive application is in biosensors constructed for the measurement of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, a recognised biomarker in diabetes. Bioelectrochemical applications of POx had been restricted to enzymes of fungal origin. The recent discovery and characterisation of POx from bacterial sources, which show properties that are very distinct from the fungal enzymes, might open new possibilities for further applications in bioelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle T Abrera
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Wien, Austria; University of the Philippines Los Baños, College Laguna, Philippines
| | - Leander Sützl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Wien, Austria; Doctoral Programme BioToP - Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Dietmar Haltrich
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Wien, Austria; Doctoral Programme BioToP - Biomolecular Technology of Proteins, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Wien, Austria.
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5
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Altun A, Apetrei RM, Camurlu P. The effect of copolymerization and carbon nanoelements on the performance of poly(2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole) biosensors. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110069. [PMID: 31546439 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of biosensing interfaces based on copolymerization of benzenamine-2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole (SNS-An) with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) is reported. Both homopolymer P(SNS-An) and copolymer P(SNS-An-co-EDOT) films were prepared and evaluated, in terms of biosensing efficiency, upon incorporation of carbon nanoelements (carbon nanotubes and fullerene) and cross-linking of glucose oxidase. The copolymer revealed superior performance as a biosensing interface as compared to the homopolymer structure or previously reported P(SNS) biosensors. The analytical characteristics and stability studies were performed both at cathodic potential, monitoring O2 consumption, as a result of catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase towards glucose and at anodic potential, following the oxidation of the H2O2 produced during the catalytic reaction. Whilst the measurements on the positive side offered an extended linear range (0.01-5.0 mM), the negative side provided sensitivity up to 104.96 μA/mMcm-1 within a shorter range. Detection limits were as low as 1.9 μM with Km value of 0.49 mM. Lastly, the most performant biosensing platforms, including copolymeric structure and CNTs were employed for analysis in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Altun
- Akdeniz University, Department of Chemistry, 07058 Antalya, Turkey; Muş Alparslan University, Department of Chemistry, 49100 Muş, Turkey
| | - Roxana-Mihaela Apetrei
- Akdeniz University, Department of Chemistry, 07058 Antalya, Turkey; 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galati, Domneasca Street, 47, Galati RO-800008, Romania
| | - Pinar Camurlu
- Akdeniz University, Department of Chemistry, 07058 Antalya, Turkey.
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Apetrei RM, Cârâc G, Bahrim G, Camurlu P. Sensitivity enhancement for microbial biosensors through cell Self-Coating with polypyrrole. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana-Mihaela Apetrei
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Domnească Street, 47, Galati, RO-800008, Romania
| | - Geta Cârâc
- Faculty of Science and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Domnească Street, 47, Galati, RO-800008, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bahrim
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Domnească Street, 47, Galati, RO-800008, Romania
| | - Pinar Camurlu
- Department of Chemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07058, Turkey
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Ayranci R, Kirbay FO, Demirkol DO, Ak M, Timur S. Copolymer based multifunctional conducting polymer film for fluorescence sensing of glucose. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2018; 6:035012. [PMID: 29765012 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aac519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and effective fluorescence sensing platform has been fabricated using a fluorescent conducting polymer surface. For this purpose, a rhodamine based electroactive monomer (RDC) and a functional group containing monomer (SNS) have been copolymerized to develop a conducting polymer based sensor platform having a fluorescence and enzyme-binding surface on ITO electrode. The proposed fluorescence sensing mechanism for detection of glucose is related to the consumption of dissolved oxygen at the double layer of the electrode which is fluorescence quenching agent by glucose-GOx reaction. Concentration of glucose was investigated quantitatively from 0.05 to 1 mM via fluorescence signal measurement. This novel approach could be adapted for the production of various rapid and effective fluorescence sensing platforms for glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Ayranci
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, 20017- Denizli, Turkey
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Shakya AK, Nandakumar KS. An update on smart biocatalysts for industrial and biomedical applications. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180062. [PMID: 29491182 PMCID: PMC5832743 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, smart biocatalysts, where enzymes are conjugated to stimuli-responsive (smart) polymers, have gained significant attention. Based on the presence or absence of external stimuli, the polymer attached to the enzyme changes its conformation to protect the enzyme from the external environment and regulate the enzyme activity, thus acting as a molecular switch. Owing to this behaviour, smart biocatalysts can be separated easily from a reaction mixture and re-used several times. Several such smart polymer-based biocatalysts have been developed for industrial and biomedical applications. In addition, they have been used in biosensors, biometrics and nano-electronic devices. This review article covers recent advances in developing different kinds of stimuli-responsive enzyme bioconjugates, including conjugation strategies, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Biochemistry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Olgac R, Soganci T, Baygu Y, Gök Y, Ak M. Zinc(II) phthalocyanine fused in peripheral positions octa-substituted with alkyl linked carbazole: Synthesis, electropolymerization and its electro-optic and biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:202-209. [PMID: 28683412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc(II) phthalocyanine fused in peripheral positions octa-substituted with alkyl linked carbazole has been prepared by cyclomerization reaction of 4,5-bis(6-carbazole-9-yl-hexylsulfanil)phthalonitrile in the presence of anhydro Zn(II) acetate and a strong organic base (DBU). Synthesis steps were optimized and higher efficiency synthesis was achieved. The purpose of combining of carbazole moieties with phthalocyanine on the peripheral position is to enhance some properties such as photo and electrochemical properties because of strong electron-donating properties of carbazole group. This molecule has been electrochemically polymerized and the electrical and optical properties of the resulting conductive polymer have been investigated. Amperometric detection was carried out following oxygen consumption at -0.7V vs. the Ag reference electrode in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH 6.0). The novel biosensor showed a linear amperometric response for glucose within a concentration range of 0.05mM to 1.5mM (LOD: 0.024mM). This result shows that modification of the proposed biosensor by copolymerization have provided to give perfect response to different glucose concentrations. Because of its superior spectral and electrochemical properties and contained zinc metal which can act as a mediator during biochemical reactions, this material has been used as a glucose biosensor platform to detection for real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remziye Olgac
- Pamukkale University, Department of Chemistry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Tugba Soganci
- Pamukkale University, Department of Chemistry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Baygu
- Pamukkale University, Department of Chemistry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Gök
- Pamukkale University, Department of Chemistry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University, Department of Chemistry, Kınıklı, Denizli, Turkey.
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Wu KL, Jiang BB, Cai YM, Wei XW, Li XZ, Cheong WC. Efficient Electrocatalyst for Glucose and Ethanol Based on Cu/Ni/N-Doped Graphene Hybrids. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Lin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, the Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Jiang
- School of Chemical and Engineering; Anhui University of Technology; Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Ya-Miao Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, the Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P. R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, the Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials; Anhui Normal University; Wuhu 241000 P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zi Li
- Department of Chemistry; Wannan Medical College; Wuhu 241002 P. R. China
| | - Weng-Chon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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11
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Ayranci R, Başkaya G, Güzel M, Bozkurt S, Şen F, Ak M. Carbon Based Nanomaterials for High Performance Optoelectrochemical Systems. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Ayranci
- Pamukkale University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Denizli Turkey
| | - Gaye Başkaya
- Sen Research Group; Dumlupinar University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Kütahya Turkey
| | - Merve Güzel
- Pamukkale University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Denizli Turkey
| | - Sait Bozkurt
- Sen Research Group; Dumlupinar University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Kütahya Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group; Dumlupinar University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Kütahya Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University; Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department; Denizli Turkey
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12
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Unal B, Yalcinkaya EE, Gumustas S, Sonmez B, Ozkan M, Balcan M, Demirkol DO, Timur S. Polyglycolide–montmorillonite as a novel nanocomposite platform for biosensing applications. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01751k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In catalytic biosensors, the immobilization of biomolecules in a suitable matrix is one of the vital parameters for obtaining improved systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Unal
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
| | | | - Sila Gumustas
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Burak Sonmez
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Melek Ozkan
- Chemistry Department
- IZTECH Faculty of Science
- 35340 Urla-Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Balcan
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova-Izmir
- Turkey
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Ozturk Kirbay F, Ayranci R, Ak M, Odaci Demirkol D, Timur S. Rhodamine functionalized conducting polymers for dual intention: electrochemical sensing and fluorescence imaging of cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7118-7125. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here the electrochemical co-polymerization of two functional monomers; one containing fluorescent rhodamine dye (RF) and the other monomer having amine groups (RD), onto electroactive Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukiye Ayranci
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- 20017 Denizli
- Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- 20017 Denizli
- Turkey
| | | | - Suna Timur
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir
- Turkey
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14
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Kiraz AÖ, Kara İ, Ak M, Çetişli H, Kolsuz N. Theoretical investigation of triazine based a star shape pyrrole monomer. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1250310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Tekbaşoğlu TY, Soganci T, Ak M, Koca A, Şener MK. Enhancing biosensor properties of conducting polymers via copolymerization: Synthesis of EDOT-substituted bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindolato-palladium complex and electrochemical sensing of glucose by its copolymerized film. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 87:81-88. [PMID: 27522481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindoline derivative bearing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-BPI) and its palladium complex (EDOT-PdBPI) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopies and via mass spectrometric analysis. Polymerization of EDOT-PdBPI and copolymerization with 4-amino-N-(2,5-di(thiophene-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzamide (HKCN) were carried out by an electrochemical method. In addition, P(EDOT-PdBPI-co-HKCN) modified graphite rod electrode was improved for amperometric glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase (GOx). In this novel biosensor matrix, amino groups in HKCN were used for the enzyme immobilization. On the other hand, EDOT-PdBPI used to mediate the bioelectrocatalytic reaction. Amperometric detection was carried out following oxygen consumption at -0.7V vs. the Ag reference electrode in phosphate buffer (50mM, pH 6.0). The novel biosensor showed a linear amperometric response for glucose within a concentration range of 0.25mM to 2.5mM (LOD: 0.176mM). Amperometric signals at 1mM of glucose were 17.9μA under anaerobic conditions. Amperometric response of the P(EDOT-PdBPI-co-HKCN)/GOx electrode decreased only by 13% within eight weeks. The P(EDOT-PdBPI-co-HKCN)/GOx electrode showed good selectivity in the presence of ethanol and phenol. This result shows that, modification of the proposed biosensor by copolymerization of amine functionalized monomer, which is indispensable to the enzyme immobilization, with palladium complex bearing monomer, which is mediate the bioelectrocatalytic reaction, have provided to give perfect response to different glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tugba Soganci
- Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, 20017 Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Department of Chemistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, 20017 Turkey.
| | - Atıf Koca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Marmara University, Kadıköy, İstanbul, 34722 Turkey
| | - M Kasım Şener
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, Davutpaşa, İstanbul, 34210 Turkey.
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16
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Ayranci R, Ak M, Ocal S, Karakus M. Synthesis of new ferrocenyldithiophosphonate derivatives: electrochemical, electrochromic, and optical properties. Des Monomers Polym 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2016.1169377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Dzudzevic Cancar H, Soylemez S, Akpinar Y, Kesik M, Göker S, Gunbas G, Volkan M, Toppare L. A Novel Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor: Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles Incorporating a Conjugated Polymer for the Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8058-8067. [PMID: 26956086 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To construct a sensing interface, in the present work, a conjugated polymer and core-shell magnetic nanoparticle containing biosensor was constructed for the pesticide analysis. The monomer 4,7-di(furan-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (FBThF) and core-shell magnetic nanoparticles were designed and synthesized for fabrication of the biosensing device. The magnetic nanoparticles were first treated with silica and then modified using carboxyl groups, which enabled binding of the biomolecules covalently. For the construction of the proposed sensor a two-step procedure was performed. First, the poly(FBThF) was electrochemically generated on the electrode surface. Then, carboxyl group modified magnetic nanoparticles (f-MNPs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the model enzyme, were co-immobilized on the polymer-coated surface. Thereby, a robust and novel surface, conjugated polymer bearing magnetic nanoparticles with pendant carboxyl groups, was constructed, which was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. This novel architecture was then applied as an immobilization platform to detect pesticides. To the best of our knowledge, a sensor design that combines both conjugated polymer and magnetic nanoparticles was attempted for the first time, and this approach resulted in improved biosensor characteristics. Hence, this approach opens a new perspective in the field of enzyme immobilization and sensing applications. Paraoxon and trichlorfon were selected as the model toxicants. To obtain best biosensor performance, optimization studies were performed. Under optimized conditions, the biosensor in concern revealed a rapid response (5 s), a low detection limit (6.66 × 10(-3) mM), and high sensitivity (45.01 μA mM(-1) cm(-2)). The KM(app) value of poly(FBThF)/f-MNPs/AChE were determined as 0.73 mM. Furthermore, there was no considerable activity loss for 10 d for poly(FBThF)/f-MNPs/AChE biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurija Dzudzevic Cancar
- Department of Natural Sciences in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia-Herzegovina
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Azak H, Barlas FB, Yildiz HB, Gulec K, Demir B, Demirkol DO, Timur S. Folic-Acid-Modified Conducting Polymer: Electrochemical Detection of the Cell Attachment. Macromol Biosci 2015; 16:545-52. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Azak
- Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty; Chemistry Department; Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University; 70100 Karaman Turkey
| | - Firat Baris Barlas
- Faculty of Science; Department of Biochemistry; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bekir Yildiz
- Department of Materials Science and Nano Technology Engineering; KTO Karatay University; 42020 Konya Turkey
| | - Kadri Gulec
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; Biotechnology Department; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Bilal Demir
- Faculty of Science; Department of Biochemistry; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Faculty of Science; Department of Biochemistry; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Faculty of Science; Department of Biochemistry; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
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Demirkol DO, Timur S. A sandwich-type assay based on quantum dot/aptamer bioconjugates for analysis ofE. ColiO157:H7 in microtiter plate format. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1074906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Guler E, Akbulut H, Bozokalfa G, Demir B, Eyrilmez GO, Yavuz M, Demirkol DO, Coskunol H, Endo T, Yamada S, Timur S, Yagci Y. Bioapplications of Polythiophene-g-Polyphenylalanine-Covered Surfaces. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Guler
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
- Institute on Drug Abuse Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Huseyin Akbulut
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Letters; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Guliz Bozokalfa
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Bilal Demir
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Gizem Oyman Eyrilmez
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Murat Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Dicle University; 21280 Diyarbakir Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Hakan Coskunol
- Institute on Drug Abuse Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
- Psychiatry Department; Faculty of Medicine; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kinki University; 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Molecular Engineering Institute; Kinki University; 11-6 Kayanomori Iizuka Fukuoka 820-8555 Japan
| | - Suna Timur
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
- Institute on Drug Abuse Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science; Ege University; 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Letters; Istanbul Technical University; Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; PO Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Aslan S, Anik Ü. Microbial glucose biosensors based on glassy carbon paste electrodes modified with Gluconobacter Oxydans and graphene oxide or graphene-platinum hybrid nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Ayranci R, Demirkol DO, Ak M, Timur S. Ferrocene-functionalized 4-(2,5-Di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)aniline: a novel design in conducting polymer-based electrochemical biosensors. SENSORS 2015; 15:1389-403. [PMID: 25591169 PMCID: PMC4327083 DOI: 10.3390/s150101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel ferrocenyldithiophosphonate functional conducting polymer and its use as an immobilization matrix in amperometric biosensor applications. Initially, 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)amidoferrocenyldithiophosphonate was synthesized and copolymerized with 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenamine at graphite electrodes. The amino groups on the polymer were utilized for covalent attachment of the enzyme glucose oxidase. Besides, ferrocene on the backbone was used as a redox mediator during the electrochemical measurements. Prior to the analytical characterization, optimization studies were carried out. The changes in current signals at +0.45 V were proportional to glucose concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 mM. Finally, the resulting biosensor was applied for glucose analysis in real samples and the data were compared with the spectrophotometric Trinder method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiye Ayranci
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Art and Science, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Metin Ak
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Art and Science, Pamukkale University, 20070 Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Soganci T, Demirkol DO, Ak M, Timur S. A novel organic–inorganic hybrid conducting copolymer for mediated biosensor applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel ferrocenyldithiophosphonate (TPFc) functionalized monomer and its conductive copolymer were synthesized, characterized and its potential use for biosensor applications was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Soganci
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- Denizli, Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Art and Science
- Chemistry Department
- Denizli, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
- Biochemistry Department
- Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
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Oyman G, Geyik C, Ayranci R, Ak M, Odaci Demirkol D, Timur S, Coskunol H. Peptide-modified conducting polymer as a biofunctional surface: monitoring of cell adhesion and proliferation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A designed bio-functional surface is a promising candidate forcell-culture-on-a-chipapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Oyman
- Ege University
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
- Biotechnology Dept
- 35100-Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caner Geyik
- Ege University
- Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
- 35100-Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Ayranci
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Chemistry Dept
- Denizli, Turkey
| | - Metin Ak
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Arts and Science
- Chemistry Dept
- Denizli, Turkey
| | - Dilek Odaci Demirkol
- Ege University
- Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
- 35100-Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
| | - Suna Timur
- Ege University
- Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
- 35100-Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
- Faculty of Science
| | - Hakan Coskunol
- Ege University
- Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science
- 35100-Bornova/Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University
- Faculty of Medicine
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