1
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Sheremetyev V, Konopatsky A, Teplyakova T, Lezin V, Lukashevich K, Derkach M, Kostyleva A, Koudan E, Permyakova E, Iakimova T, Boychenko O, Klyachko N, Shtansky D, Prokoshkin S, Brailovski V. Surface modification of the laser powder bed-fused Ti-Zr-Nb scaffolds by dynamic chemical etching and Ag nanoparticles decoration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213882. [PMID: 38710121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Metallic lattice scaffolds are designed to mimic the architecture and mechanical properties of bone tissue and their surface compatibility is of primary importance. This study presents a novel surface modification protocol for metallic lattice scaffolds printed from a superelastic Ti-Zr-Nb alloy. This protocol consists of dynamic chemical etching (DCE) followed by silver nanoparticles (AgNP) decoration. DCE, using an 1HF + 3HNO3 + 12H2O23% based solution, was used to remove partially-fused particles from the surfaces of different as-built lattice structures (rhombic dodecahedron, sheet gyroid, and Voronoi polyhedra). Subsequently, an antibacterial coating was synthesized on the surface of the scaffolds by a controlled (20 min at a fixed volume flowrate of 500 mL/min) pumping of the functionalization solutions (NaBH4 (2 mg/mL) and AgNO3 (1 mg/mL)) through the porous structures. Following these treatments, the scaffolds' surfaces were found to be densely populated with Ag nanoparticles and their agglomerates, and manifested an excellent antibacterial effect (Ag ion release rate of 4-8 ppm) suppressing the growth of both E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria up to 99 %. The scaffold extracts showed no cytotoxicity and did not affect cell proliferation, indicating their safety for subsequent use as implants. A cytocompatibility assessment using MG-63 spheroids demonstrated good attachment, spreading, and active migration of cells on the scaffold surface (over 96 % of living cells), confirming their biotolerance. These findings suggest the promise of this surface modification approach for developing superelastic Ti-Zr-Nb scaffolds with superior antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, making them highly suitable for bone implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sheremetyev
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.
| | - A Konopatsky
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; CRISMAT, CNRS, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, Caen 14000, France
| | - T Teplyakova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation; A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation
| | - V Lezin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - K Lukashevich
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - M Derkach
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - A Kostyleva
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - E Koudan
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - E Permyakova
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - T Iakimova
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - O Boychenko
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - N Klyachko
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - D Shtansky
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - S Prokoshkin
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Leninsky Prospect 4s1, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - V Brailovski
- École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre-Dame Street West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
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2
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Wang H, Wan Y, Yu M, Ji Z, Zhao G, Dou J, Su W, Liu C. Complete Removal of Residual Particles and Realization of Mechanical Properties to Improve Osseointegration in Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4 V Scaffolds through Flowing Acid Etching. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3454-3469. [PMID: 38590081 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Massive unmelted Ti6Al4 V (Ti64) particles presented across all surfaces of additively manufactured Ti64 scaffolds significantly impacted the designed surface topography, mechanical properties, and permeability, reducing the osseointegration of the scaffolds. In this study, the proposed flowing acid etching (FAE) method presented high efficiency in eliminating Ti64 particles and enhancing the surface modification capacity across all surfaces of Ti64 scaffolds. The Ti64 particles across all surfaces of the scaffolds were completely removed effectively and evenly. The surface topography of the scaffolds closely resembled the design after the 75 s FAE treatment. The actual elastic modulus of the treated scaffolds (3.206 ± 0.040 GPa) was closer to the designed value (3.110 GPa), and a micrometer-scale structure was constructed on the inner and outer surfaces of the scaffolds after the 90 s FAE treatment. However, the yield strength of scaffolds was reduced to 89.743 ± 0.893 MPa from 118.251 ± 0.982 MPa after the 90 s FAE treatment. The FAE method also showed higher efficiency in decreasing the roughness and enhancing the hydrophilicity and surface energy of all of the surfaces. The FAE treatment improved the permeability of scaffolds efficiently, and the permeability of scaffolds increased to 11.93 ± 0.21 × 10-10 mm2 from 8.57 ± 0.021 × 10-10 mm2 after the 90 s FAE treatment. The treated Ti64 scaffolds after the 90 s FAE treatment exhibited optimized osseointegration effects in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the FAE method was an efficient way to eliminate unmelted Ti64 particles and obtain ideal surface topography, mechanical properties, and permeability to promote osseointegration in additively manufactured Ti64 scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Mingzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Zhenbing Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Geng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinhe Dou
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Weidong Su
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Science, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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3
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Mathey E, Heimbrook A, Carpenter RD, Kelly CN, Gall K. Finite element modeling of the free boundary effect on gyroid additively manufactured samples. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38469869 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2326929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
There is a significant need for models that can capture the mechanical behavior of complex porous lattice architectures produced by 3D printing. The free boundary effect is an experimentally observed behavior of lattice architectures including the gyroid triply periodic minimal surface where the number of unit cell repeats has been shown to influence the mechanical performance of the lattice. The purpose of this study is to use finite element modeling to investigate how architecture porosity, unit cell size, and sample size dictate mechanical behavior. Samples with varying porosity and increasing number of unit cells (relative to sample size) were modeled under an axial compressive load to determine the effective modulus. The finite element model captured the free boundary effect and captured experimental trends in the structure's modulus. The findings of this study show that samples with higher porosity are more susceptible to the impact of the free boundary effect and in some samples, the modulus can be 20% smaller in samples with smaller numbers of unit cell repeats within a given sample boundary. The outcomes from this study provide a deeper understanding of the gyroid structure and the implications of design choices including porosity, unit cell size, and overall sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mathey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of CO Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amanda Heimbrook
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R D Carpenter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of CO Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Ken Gall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Technology, restor3d Inc, Durham, NC, USA
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4
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Onder ME, Culhaoglu A, Ozgul O, Tekin U, Atıl F, Taze C, Yasa E. Biomimetic dental implant production using selective laser powder bed fusion melting: In-vitro results. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 151:106360. [PMID: 38194786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Instead of a textured surface with irregular pore size and distribution as in conventional dental implants, the use of lattice structures with regular geometric structure and controlled pore size produced by selective laser powder bed fusion melting (LPDF) technique will provide more predictable and successful results regarding osseointegration and mechanics. In this study, biomimetic dental implants with 2 different pore designs were fabricated by LPDF technique and compared with conventional dental implants in terms of surface characterization and resistance to biomechanical forces. Finite element analysis, scanning electron microscopy, computed micro tomography scanning, ISO 14801 tests and detork tests were used for the comparison. The tested biomimetic implants were found to be as durable as conventional implants in terms of mechanical strength and detork values. They were also found to be 40-60% more advantageous than conventional dental implants with respect to surface area and volume. As a result, it was concluded that biomimetic dental implants with sufficient mechanical strength and complex surface geometries can be made as designed without changing the reliable base material and can be produced using a different manufacturing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ercument Onder
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Lokman Hekim, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kırıkkale, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Culhaoglu
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Saglık Bilimleri, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozkan Ozgul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kırıkkale, Kırıkkale, Turkey.
| | - Umut Tekin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Saglık Bilimleri, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fethi Atıl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cem Taze
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kırıkkale, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Evren Yasa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskişehir, Turkey; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), University of Sheffield, Blackburn, BB2 7HP, UK
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5
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Kaya G, Ergüder TO, Hacısalihoğlu İ, Mandev E, Manay E, Yıldız F. Wear and Thermal Behavior of TiAlN Thin Films onto Ti6Al4V Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting Method. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:650-660. [PMID: 37609585 PMCID: PMC10440674 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was targeted to enhance the tribological and thermal properties of Ti6Al4V alloys, which were manufactured with three different build orientations and hatch spacing by using the selective laser melting (SLM) method and a traditional method (casting). In addition, the surfaces of the samples produced by these two methods were coated with the TiAlN thin film by using the cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) method. After the experimental investigations, the lowest wear rate was obtained for the 60-90° sample, and the highest microhardness value was measured as ∼1070 HV0.1 for the 90-45° sample. It was specified that the wear rate rose as the hatch spacing increased among the same build orientation Ti6Al4V alloys produced by SLM method. According to thermal analysis results, among the same hatch spacing values, it was determined that as the build orientation value increased, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity values decreased. Among the coated samples, the highest thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity values were obtained for casting samples as 5.63 (W/m·K) and 560.4 (J/kg·K), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Kaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - İlyas Hacısalihoğlu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Mandev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Eyüphan Manay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Yıldız
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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6
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Alipour S, Nour S, Attari SM, Mohajeri M, Kianersi S, Taromian F, Khalkhali M, Aninwene GE, Tayebi L. A review on in vitro/ in vivo response of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9479-9534. [PMID: 36305245 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bone replacement using porous and solid metallic implants, such as Ti-alloy implants, is regarded as one of the most practical therapeutic approaches in biomedical engineering. The bone is a complex tissue with various mechanical properties based on the site of action. Patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V constructs may address the key needs in bone treatment for having customized implants that mimic the complex structure of the natural tissue and diminish the risk of implant failure. This review focuses on the most promising methods of fabricating such patient-specific Ti-6Al-4V implants using additive manufacturing (AM) with a specific emphasis on the popular subcategory, which is powder bed fusion (PBF). Characteristics of the ideal implant to promote optimized tissue-implant interactions, as well as physical, mechanical/chemical treatments and modifications will be discussed. Accordingly, such investigations will be classified into 3B-based approaches (Biofunctionality, Bioactivity, and Biostability), which mainly govern native body response and ultimately the success in implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Alipour
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Shirin Nour
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.,Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Seyyed Morteza Attari
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Sogol Kianersi
- CÚRAM, SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Farzaneh Taromian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadparsa Khalkhali
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - George E Aninwene
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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7
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Mirzaali MJ, Moosabeiki V, Rajaai SM, Zhou J, Zadpoor AA. Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials-Design Principles and Their Implementation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15155457. [PMID: 35955393 PMCID: PMC9369548 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM, also known as 3D printing) is an advanced manufacturing technique that has enabled progress in the design and fabrication of customised or patient-specific (meta-)biomaterials and biomedical devices (e.g., implants, prosthetics, and orthotics) with complex internal microstructures and tuneable properties. In the past few decades, several design guidelines have been proposed for creating porous lattice structures, particularly for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, the capabilities of AM to fabricate a wide range of biomaterials, including metals and their alloys, polymers, and ceramics, have been exploited, offering unprecedented benefits to medical professionals and patients alike. In this review article, we provide an overview of the design principles that have been developed and used for the AM of biomaterials as well as those dealing with three major categories of biomaterials, i.e., metals (and their alloys), polymers, and ceramics. The design strategies can be categorised as: library-based design, topology optimisation, bio-inspired design, and meta-biomaterials. Recent developments related to the biomedical applications and fabrication methods of AM aimed at enhancing the quality of final 3D-printed biomaterials and improving their physical, mechanical, and biological characteristics are also highlighted. Finally, examples of 3D-printed biomaterials with tuned properties and functionalities are presented.
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8
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Xu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, Tang J, Huang D, Yan M, Dargusch MS. Surface Modification of Biomedical Ti and Ti Alloys: A Review on Current Advances. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051749. [PMID: 35268983 PMCID: PMC8911755 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ti is widely used as a material for orthopedic implants. As rapid and effective osseointegration is a key factor for the successful application of implants, biologically inert Ti materials start to show inherent limitations, such as poor surface cell adhesion, bioactivity, and bone-growth-inducing capabilities. Surface modification can be an efficient and effective approach to addressing the biocompatibility, mechanical, and functionality issues of the various Ti implant materials. In this study, we have overviewed more than 140 papers to summarize the recent progress in the surface modification of Ti implants by physical and/or chemical modification approaches, aiming at optimizing their wear resistance, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. As an advanced manufacturing technology for Ti and Ti alloys, additive manufacturing was particularly addressed in this review. We also provide an outlook for future research directions in this field as a contribution to the development of advanced Ti implants for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Yangfan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Danni Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (M.S.D.)
| | - Matthew S. Dargusch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.Z.); (Y.S.); (J.T.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (M.S.D.)
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Creation of Bioceramic Coatings on the Surface of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Followed by Gas Detonation Spraying. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, bioceramic coatings were formed on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy using a combined technique of plasma electrolytic oxidation followed by gas detonation spraying of calcium phosphate ceramics, based on hydroxyapatite. Plasma electrolytic oxidation was carried out in electrolytes with various chemical compositions, and the effect of electrolytes on the macro and microstructure, pore size and phase composition of coatings was estimated. Three types of electrolytes based on sodium compounds were used: phosphate, hydroxide, and silicate. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of the Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy was carried out at a fixed DC voltage (270 V) for 5 min. The sample morphology and phase composition were studied with a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer. According to the results, the most homogeneous structure with lower porousness and many crystalline anatase phases was obtained in the coating prepared in the silicate-based electrolyte. A hydroxyapatite layer was obtained on the surface of the oxide layer using detonation spraying. It was determined that the appearance of α-tricalcium phosphate phases is characteristic for detonation spraying of hydroxyapatite, but the hydroxyapatite phase is retained in the coating composition. Raman spectroscopy results indicate that hydroxyapatite is the main phase in the coatings.
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10
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Porous Titanium by Additive Manufacturing: A Focus on Surfaces for Bone Integration. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is gaining increasing interest for realization of customized porous titanium constructs for biomedical applications and, in particular, for bone substitution. As first, the present review gives a short introduction on the techniques used for additive manufacturing of Ti/Ti-Alloys (Direct Energy Deposition—DED, Selective Laser Melting—SLM and Electron Beam Melting—EBM) and on the main bulk properties of additively manufactured titanium porous structures. Then, it discusses the main advancements in surface modifications of additively manufactured titanium constructs for bone contact applications. Even if specific surface modifications of constructs from AM are currently not widely explored, it is a critical open issue for application in biomedical implants. Some thermal, chemical, electrochemical, and hydrothermal treatments as well as different coatings are here described. The main aim of these treatments is the development of surface micro/nano textures, specific ion release, and addition of bioactivity to induce bone bonding and antibacterial activity. Physicochemical characterizations, in vitro bioactivity tests, protein absorption, in vitro (cellular/bacterial) and in vivo tests reported in the literature for bare and surface modified AM Ti-based constructs are here reviewed. Future perspectives for development of innovative additively manufactured titanium implants are also discussed.
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11
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The regulating effect of trace elements Si, Zn and Sr on mineralization of gelatin-hydroxyapatite electrospun fiber. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 204:111822. [PMID: 33984616 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization approaches have been increasingly adopted to synthesizing advanced materials with superior properties. Nevertheless, the potential influence of inorganic trace elements on the mineralization process of collagen has been rarely reported, despite of the significant progress achieved on exploiting the critical roles of organic polymers in regulating the collagen mineralization. To this aim, the potential roles of Si, Zn and Sr in regulating the mineralization of gelatin-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite fibers have been examined in this study. The results indicated that the incorporation of trace elements not only promoted the biomineralization of gelatin, but also led to drastic change in the mineralization behavior. In particular, the gelatin-SiHA sample showed uniform mineralization predominantly inside the fibers, with nucleation and growth directions along the c-axis of the gelatin fibers. On the contrary, the gelatin-HA sample showed nucleation outside the fibers and spherical mineral crystals on top of fibers, typical structure for heterogeneous nucleation. As the mineralization process proceeded, the gelatin-ZnHA and gelatin-SrHA samples evolved into having similar structure as the gelatin-SiHA sample, despite of showing totally different mineralization behaviors at early time. Overall, the incorporation of trace elements seemed to lower the nucleation barriers, led to a more homogeneous mineralization mode within the fiber region and formation of mineralized structures closer to those in natural bone. Moreover, mineralized samples with trace elements demonstrated improved adhesion and cytoskeleton organization of osteoblastic cells. Such finding would provide important insight for understanding the mineralization process and the optimal design of advanced biological materials.
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12
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Electrodeposited Hydroxyapatite-Based Biocoatings: Recent Progress and Future Challenges. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite has become an important coating material for bioimplants, following the introduction of synthetic HAp in the 1950s. The HAp coatings require controlled surface roughness/porosity, adequate corrosion resistance and need to show favorable tribological behavior. The deposition rate must be sufficiently fast and the coating technique needs to be applied at different scales on substrates having a diverse structure, composition, size, and shape. A detailed overview of dry and wet coating methods is given. The benefits of electrodeposition include controlled thickness and morphology, ability to coat a wide range of component size/shape and ease of industrial processing. Pulsed current and potential techniques have provided denser and more uniform coatings on different metallic materials/implants. The mechanism of HAp electrodeposition is considered and the effect of operational variables on deposit properties is highlighted. The most recent progress in the field is critically reviewed. Developments in mineral substituted and included particle, composite HAp coatings, including those reinforced by metallic, ceramic and polymeric particles; carbon nanotubes, modified graphenes, chitosan, and heparin, are considered in detail. Technical challenges which deserve further research are identified and a forward look in the field of the electrodeposited HAp coatings is taken.
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13
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Bagherifard S, Guagliano M. Post-processing. FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER POWDER BED FUSION OF METALS 2021:327-348. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824090-8.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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14
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Jang TS, Kim D, Han G, Yoon CB, Jung HD. Powder based additive manufacturing for biomedical application of titanium and its alloys: a review. Biomed Eng Lett 2020; 10:505-516. [PMID: 33194244 PMCID: PMC7655882 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-020-00177-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Powder based additive manufacturing (AM) technology of Ti and its alloys has received great attention in biomedical applications owing to its advantages such as customized fabrication, potential to be cost-, time-, and resource-saving. The performance of additive manufactured implants or scaffolds strongly depends on various kinds of AM technique and the quality of Ti and its alloy powders. This paper has specifically covered the process of commonly used powder-based AM technique and the powder production of Ti and its alloy. The selected techniques include laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M), electron beam powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-EB/M), and directed energy deposition utilized in the production of the biomaterials are discussed as well as the powder fed system of binder jetting. Moreover, titanium based powder production methods such as gas atomization, plasma atomization, and plasma rotating electrode process are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sik Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - DongEung Kim
- Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
| | - Ginam Han
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, 14662 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Bun Yoon
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si, 15073 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Do Jung
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, 14662 Republic of Korea
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15
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Lu Y, Cui Z, Cheng L, Li J, Yang Z, Zhu H, Wu C. Quantifying the discrepancies in the geometric and mechanical properties of the theoretically designed and additively manufactured scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104080. [PMID: 32927278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) has emerged as a new method for producing open cell porous scaffolds because of the superior properties, such as the high surface-to-volume ratio, the zero curvature, etc. On the other hand, the additive manufacturing (AM) technique has made feasible the design and development of TPMS scaffolds with complex microstructures. However, neither the discrepancy between the theoretically designed and the additively manufactured TPMS scaffolds nor the underlying mechanisms is clear so far. The aims of the present study were to quantify the discrepancies between the theoretically designed and the AM produced TPMS scaffolds and to reveal the underlying mechanisms, e.g., the effect of building orientation on the discrepancy. 24 Gyroid scaffolds were produced along the height and width directions of the scaffold using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique (i.e., 12 scaffolds produced in each direction). The discrepancies in the geometric and mechanical properties of the TPMS scaffolds were quantified. Regarding the geometric properties, the discrepancies in the porosity, the dimension and the three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the scaffolds were quantified. Regarding the mechanical properties, the discrepancies in the effective compressive modulus and the mechanical environment (strain energy density) of the scaffolds were evaluated. It is revealed that the porosity in the AM produced scaffold is approximately 12% lower than the designed value. There are approximately 68.1 ± 8.6% added materials in the AM produced scaffolds and the added materials are mostly distributed in the places opposite to the building orientation. The building orientation has no effect on the discrepancy in the scaffold porosity and no effect on the distribution of the added materials (p > 0.05). Regarding the mechanical properties, the compressive moduli of the scaffolds are 24.4% (produced along the height direction) and 14.6% (produced along the width direction) lower than the designed value and are 49.1% and 43.6% lower than the μFE counterparts, indicating that the imperfect bonding and the partially melted powders have a large contribution to the discrepancy in the compressive modulus of the scaffolds. Compared to the values in the theoretically designed scaffold, the strain energy densities have shifted towards the higher values in the AM produced scaffolds. The findings in the present study provide important information for the design and additive manufacturing of TPMS scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Lu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Zhentao Cui
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age and Disability, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Aids Technology and System of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhuoyue Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, the Parade, CF24 3AA, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chengwei Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China.
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Wu Y, Tang H, Liu L, He Q, Zhao L, Huang Z, Yang J, Cao C, Chen J, Wang A. Biomimetic titanium implant coated with extracellular matrix enhances and accelerates osteogenesis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1779-1793. [PMID: 32705940 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the biological function of titanium implants coated with cell-derived mineralized extracellular matrix, which mimics a bony microenvironment. Materials & methods: A biomimetic titanium implant was fabricated primarily by modifying the titanium surface with TiO2 nanotubes or sand-blasted, acid-etched topography, then was coated with mineralized extracellular matrix constructed by culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. The osteogenic ability of biomimetic titanium surface in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. Results: In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the biomimetic titanium implant enhanced and accelerated osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells by increasing cell proliferation and calcium deposition. Conclusion: By combining surface topography modification with biological coating, the results provided a valuable method to produce biomimetic titanium implants with excellent osteogenic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Haikuo Tang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qianting He
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Luodan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhexun Huang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jinghong Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Congyuan Cao
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Anxun Wang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China
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Li J, Cui X, Hooper GJ, Lim KS, Woodfield TB. Rational design, bio-functionalization and biological performance of hybrid additive manufactured titanium implants for orthopaedic applications: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 105:103671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bartolomeu F, Dourado N, Pereira F, Alves N, Miranda G, Silva F. Additive manufactured porous biomaterials targeting orthopedic implants: A suitable combination of mechanical, physical and topological properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 107:110342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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An in vitro Study on the Biocompatibility of Titanium Implants Made by Selective Laser Melting. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Li L, Shi J, Zhang K, Yang L, Yu F, Zhu L, Liang H, Wang X, Jiang Q. Early osteointegration evaluation of porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds designed based on triply periodic minimal surface models. J Orthop Translat 2019; 19:94-105. [PMID: 31844617 PMCID: PMC6896722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The graded porous structures were designed using triply periodic minimal surfaces models to mimic the biomechanical properties of bone. The mechanical properties and bone formation ability were evaluated to explore the feasibility of the design method in bone tissue engineering. METHODS The scaffolds were designed using a P-surface with different pore sizes. All materials were fabricated using 3D printing technology and the mechanical properties were tested by an electronic universal testing device. The biomechanical properties were then analyzed by finite element method, while the ontogenesis of the material in vivo was examined by implanting the scaffolds for five weeks in pigs. RESULTS According to the obtained results, the pore size ranged between 100 μm to about 700 μm and porosity were around 49.54%. The graded porous architectures can decrease the stiffness of implants and reduce the stress shielding effect. In addition, these porous structures can stimulate bone ingrowth and achieve a stable interface between implants and surrounding bone tissues after 5 weeks' implantation. The micro-CT results also demonstrated the obviously bone formation around all the porous structures. CONCLUSION To sum up, the triply periodic minimal surfaces based graded porous structure is effective in decreasing the stress shielding effect, promoting early osteogenesis and osteointegration. This is the first research to explore the effect of this kind of porous structures on bone formation in vivo where the obtained results supported the previous theoretical research on the application potential in bone tissue engineering. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE Porous architecture designed using triply periodic minimal surface models can achieve gradually changed pore size and appropriate porosity for bone regeneration. This kind of structure can mimic the Young's modulus of natural bone tissue, improve the stress transmission capability and dismiss the stress shielding effect. It also can stimulate the early bone integration in vivo and enhance the binding force between bone and implants, which may bring a new design method for orthopaedic implants and their surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huixin Liang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Zhang Q, Xie X, Xiao D, Lin Y. Review of craniofacial regeneration in China. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47 Suppl 1:107-117. [PMID: 30868603 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Tissue engineering has been recognised as one of the most effective means to form a new viable tissue for medical purpose. Tissue engineering involves a combination of scaffolds, cells, suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors, and engineering and materials methods. This review covered some biomedicine, such as biomaterials, bioactive factors, and stem cells, and manufacturing technologies used in tissue engineering in the oral maxillofacial region, especially in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data for this review were identified by searches of Web of Science and PubMed, and references from relevant articles using the search terms "biomaterials", "oral tissue regeneration", "bioactive factors" and "stem cells". Only articles published in English between 2013 and 2018 were included. CONCLUSION The combination of stem cells, bioactive factors and 3D scaffolds could be of far-reaching significance for the future therapies in tissue repair or tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the review also mentions issues that need to be solved in the application of these biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dexuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Mechanical performance of additively manufactured meta-biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2019; 85:41-59. [PMID: 30590181 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) (=3D printing) and rational design techniques have enabled development of meta-biomaterials with unprecedented combinations of mechanical, mass transport, and biological properties. Such meta-biomaterials are usually topologically ordered and are designed by repeating a number of regular unit cells in different directions to create a lattice structure. Establishing accurate topology-property relationships is of critical importance for these materials. In this paper, we specifically focus on AM metallic meta-biomaterials aimed for application as bone substitutes and orthopaedic implants and review the currently available evidence regarding their mechanical performance under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions. The topology-property relationships are reviewed for regular beam-based lattice structures, sheet-based lattice structures including those based on triply periodic minimal surface, and graded designs. The predictive models used for establishing the topology-property relationships including analytical and computational models are covered as well. Moreover, we present an overview of the effects of the AM processes, material type, tissue regeneration, biodegradation, surface bio-functionalization, post-manufacturing (heat) treatments, and loading profiles on the quasi-static mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of AM meta-biomaterials. AM meta-biomaterials exhibiting unusual mechanical properties such as negative Poisson's ratios (auxetic meta-biomaterials), shape memory behavior, and superelasitcity as well as the potential applications of such unusual behaviors (e.g. deployable implants) are presented too. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Additive manufacturing enables fabrication of meta-biomaterials with rare combinations of topological, mechanical, and mass transport properties. Given that the micro-scale topological design determines the macro-scale properties of meta-biomaterials, establishing topology-property relationships is the central research question when rationally designing meta-biomaterials. The interest in understanding the relationship between the topological design and material type on the one hand and the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of meta-biomaterials on the other hand is currently booming. This paper presents and critically evaluates the most important trends and findings in this area with a special focus on the metallic biomaterials used for skeletal applications to enable researchers better understand the current state-of-the-art and to guide the design of future research projects.
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Abstract
Additively manufactured (AM, =3D printed) porous metallic biomaterials with topologically ordered unit cells have created a lot of excitement and are currently receiving a lot of attention given their great potential for improving bone tissue regeneration and preventing implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering
- Delft University of Technology (TU Delft)
- Delft
- The Netherlands
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Yuan L, Ding S, Wen C. Additive manufacturing technology for porous metal implant applications and triple minimal surface structures: A review. Bioact Mater 2018; 4:56-70. [PMID: 30596158 PMCID: PMC6305839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the fabrication methods of orthopedic implants and devices have been greatly developed. Additive manufacturing technology allows the production of complex structures with bio-mimicry features, and has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional fabrication methods. This review explores open-cellular structural design for porous metal implant applications, in relation to the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Several types of additive manufacturing techniques including selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting, are discussed for different applications. Additive manufacturing through powder bed fusion shows great potential for the fabrication of high-quality porous metal implants. However, the powder bed fusion technique still faces two major challenges: it is high cost and time-consuming. In addition, triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures are also analyzed in this paper, targeting the design of metal implants with an enhanced biomorphic environment. Orthopedic implants should exhibit biocompatibility and biomechanical compatibility. The elastic modulus of an implant should closely match that of natural bone. TPMS structures possess excellent biomimicry in supporting cell activities. AM technology allows the production of bone implant with biomimicry features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Songlin Ding
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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Wang JH, Ren J, Liu W, Wu XY, Gao MX, Bai PK. Effect of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of Co-Cr Alloy. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091546. [PMID: 30150584 PMCID: PMC6164890 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to the rapid melting and solidification mechanisms involved in selective laser melting (SLM), CoCrMo alloys fabricated by SLM differ from the cast form of the same alloy. In this study, the relationship between process parameters and the morphology and macromechanical properties of cobalt-chromium alloy micro-melting pools is discussed. By measuring the width and depth of the molten pool, a theoretical model of the molten pool is established, and the relationship between the laser power, the scanning speed, the scanning line spacing, and the morphology of the molten pool is determined. At the same time, this study discusses the relationship between laser energy and molding rate. Based on the above research, the optimal process for the laser melting of cobalt-chromium alloy in the selected area is obtained. These results will contribute to the development of biomedical CoCr alloys manufactured by SLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Ming-Xiang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Pei-Kang Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
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Compressive characteristics of radially graded porosity scaffolds architectured with minimal surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:254-267. [PMID: 30184749 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds with gradient pore characteristics have received a great deal of attention as they can better mimic the structure of the native tissues and concurrently meet both biological and mechanical requirements. In the present study, the effects of porosity geometry and porosity gradient patterns on the deformation mechanism and compressive mechanical properties of the structures were investigated in the context of stretching (I-WP and P surfaces) versus bending dominated (D surface) triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) based architectures. Different gradient patterns were found to significantly alter the deformation mechanism. Radial gradient patterns (perpendicular to loading direction) provide higher deformability while longitudinally graded scaffolds suffer from low failure strain. In the stretching dominated architectures vertical cracks propagated under compression due to the materials transverse expansion under compression. Deformations in the bending dominated architectures, however, were accompanied by a progressive collapse owing to the shearing of the struts. In general, stretching dominated structures showed the higher mechanical properties and provided more efficiency under mechanical loads. Finite Element simulations also demonstrated a high capability for predicting the deformation as well as mechanical responses (especially for elastic properties) and can be used as a tool for designing multifunctional gradient porous scaffolds.
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27
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Chen L, Komasa S, Hashimoto Y, Hontsu S, Okazaki J. In Vitro and In Vivo Osteogenic Activity of Titanium Implants Coated by Pulsed Laser Deposition with a Thin Film of Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041127. [PMID: 29642566 PMCID: PMC5979563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To enhance biocompatibility, osteogenesis, and osseointegration, we coated titanium implants, by krypton fluoride (KrF) pulsed laser deposition, with a thin film of fluoridated hydroxyapatite (FHA). Coating was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), while physicochemical properties were evaluated by attenuated reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Calcium deposition, osteocalcin production, and expression of osteoblast genes were significantly higher in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seeded on FHA-coated titanium than in cells seeded on uncoated titanium. Implantation into rat femurs also showed that the FHA-coated material had superior osteoinductive and osseointegration activity in comparison with that of traditional implants, as assessed by microcomputed tomography and histology. Thus, titanium coated with FHA holds promise as a dental implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Chen
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Yoshiya Hashimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Hontsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
| | - Joji Okazaki
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
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Fabricating High-Quality 3D-Printed Alloys for Dental Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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