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Mammana M, Bonis A, Verzeletti V, Dell'Amore A, Rea F. Tracheal Tissue Engineering: Principles and State of the Art. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:198. [PMID: 38391684 PMCID: PMC10886658 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients affected by long-segment tracheal defects or stenoses represent an unsolved surgical issue, since they cannot be treated with the conventional surgery of tracheal resection and consequent anastomosis. Hence, different strategies for tracheal replacement have been proposed (synthetic materials, aortic allografts, transplantation, autologous tissue composites, and tissue engineering), each with advantages and drawbacks. Tracheal tissue engineering, on the other hand, aims at recreating a fully functional tracheal substitute, without the need for the patient to receive lifelong immunosuppression or endotracheal stents. Tissue engineering approaches involve the use of a scaffold, stem cells, and humoral signals. This paper reviews the main aspects of tracheal TE, starting from the choice of the scaffold to the type of stem cells that can be used to seed the scaffold, the methods for their culture and expansion, the issue of graft revascularization at the moment of in vivo implantation, and experimental models of tracheal research. Moreover, a critical insight on the state of the art of tracheal tissue engineering is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mammana
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonis
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Verzeletti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Dell'Amore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Shen Z, Sun F, Shan Y, Lu Y, Wu C, Zhang B, Wu Q, Yuan L, Zhu J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Yang W, Fan Y, Shi H. Construction of a novel cell-free tracheal scaffold promoting vascularization for repairing tracheal defects. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100841. [PMID: 37920292 PMCID: PMC10618521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional vascularization is crucial for maintaining the long-term patency of tissue-engineered trachea and repairing defective trachea. Herein, we report the construction and evaluation of a novel cell-free tissue-engineered tracheal scaffold that effectively promotes vascularization of the graft. Our findings demonstrated that exosomes derived from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC-Exos) enhance the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Taking advantage of the angiogenic properties of EPC-Exos, we utilized methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) as a carrier for endothelial progenitor cell exosomes and encapsulated them within a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold to fabricate a composite tracheal scaffold. The results demonstrated the excellent angiogenic potential of the methacrylate gelatin/vascular endothelial progenitor cell exosome/polycaprolactone tracheal scaffold. Furthermore, in vivo reconstruction of tracheal defects revealed the capacity of this composite tracheal stent to remodel vasculature. In conclusion, we have successfully developed a novel tracheal stent composed of methacrylate gelatin/vascular endothelial progenitor exosome/polycaprolactone, which effectively promotes angiogenesis for tracheal repair, thereby offering significant prospects for clinical and translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Taizhou People's Hospital, The Department of Thoracic Surgery, 225399, China
| | - Yibo Shan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cong Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Boyou Zhang
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yilun Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaojing Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Fan
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongcan Shi
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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3
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Liu Y, Zheng K, Meng Z, Wang L, Liu X, Guo B, He J, Tang X, Liu M, Ma N, Li X, Zhao J. A cell-free tissue-engineered tracheal substitute with sequential cytokine release maintained airway opening in a rabbit tracheal full circumferential defect model. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122208. [PMID: 37352607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a cell-free tissue-engineered tracheal substitute was developed, which is based on a 3D-printed polycaprolactone scaffold coated with a gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1) sequentially embedded, to facilitate cell recruitment and differentiation toward chondrocyte-phenotype. TGF-β was loaded onto polydopamine particles, and then encapsulated into the GelMA together with SDF-1, and called G/S/P@T, which was used to coat 3D-printed PCL scaffold to form the tracheal substitute. A rapid release of SDF-1 was observed during the first week, followed by a slow and sustained release of TGF-β for approximately four weeks. The tracheal substitute significantly promoted the recruitment of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro, and enhanced the ability of MSCs to differentiate towards chondrocyte phenotype. Implantation of the tissue-engineered tracheal substitute with a rabbit tracheal anterior defect model improved regeneration of airway epithelium, recruitment of endogenous MSCs and expression of markers of chondrocytes at the tracheal defect site. Moreover, the tracheal substitute maintained airway opening for 4 weeks in a tracheal full circumferential defect model with airway epithelium coverage at the defect sites without granulation tissue accumulation in the tracheal lumen or underneath. The promising results suggest that this simple, cell-free tissue-engineered tracheal substitute can be used directly after tracheal defect removal and should be further developed towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kaifu Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China; Department of General Surgery, The 991st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441000, China
| | - Zijie Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The 980th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 052460, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, And Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiyang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
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4
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Shen Z, Xia T, Zhao J, Pan S. Current status and future trends of reconstructing a vascularized tissue-engineered trachea. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:428-444. [PMID: 37171223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2212052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternative treatment of long tracheal defects remains one of the challenges faced by thoracic surgeons. Tissue engineering has shown great potential in addressing this regenerative medicine conundrum and the technology to make tracheal grafts using this technique is rapidly maturing, leading to unique therapeutic approaches. However, the clinical application of tissue-engineered tracheal implants is limited by insufficient revascularization. Among them, realizing the vascularization of a tissue-engineered trachea is the most challenging problem to overcome. To achieve long-term survival after tracheal transplantation, an effective blood supply must be formed to support the metabolism of seeded cells and promote tissue healing and regeneration. Otherwise, repeated infection, tissue necrosis, lumen stenosis lack of effective epithelialization, need for repeated bronchoscopy after surgery, and other complications will be inevitable and lead to graft failure and a poor outcome. Here we review and analyze various tissue engineering studies promoting angiogenesis in recent years. The general situation of reconstructing a vascularized tissue-engineered trachea, including current problems and future development trends, is elaborated from the perspectives of seed cells, scaffold materials, growth factors and signaling pathways, surgical interventions in animal models and clinical applications. This review also provides ideas and methods for the further development of better biocompatible tracheal substitutes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Li J, Chen X, Hu M, Wei J, Nie M, Chen J, Liu X. The application of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in tissue engineering: a review. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:62. [PMID: 37337190 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized vascular matrix is a natural polymeric biomaterial that comes from arteries or veins which are removed the cellular contents by physical, chemical and enzymatic means, leaving only the cytoskeletal structure and extracellular matrix to achieve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation and creating a suitable microenvironment for their growth. In recent years, the decellularized vascular matrix has attracted much attention in the field of tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to its remarkable cytocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to induce tissue regeneration. Firstly, this review introduces its basic properties and preparation methods; then, it focuses on the application and research of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in vascular tissue engineering in terms of current in vitro and in vivo studies, and briefly outlines its applications in other tissue engineering fields; finally, it looks into the advantages and drawbacks to be overcome in the application of decellularized vascular matrix materials. In conclusion, as a new bioactive material for building engineered tissue and repairing tissue defects, decellularized vascular matrix will be widely applied in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Stomatology Technology, School of Medical Technology, Sichuan College of Traditional Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Miaoling Hu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Minhai Nie
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China.
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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6
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Derman ID, Singh YP, Saini S, Nagamine M, Banerjee D, Ozbolat IT. Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200267. [PMID: 36658734 PMCID: PMC10121779 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Clinical lung transplantation has rapidly established itself as the gold standard of treatment for end-stage lung diseases in a restricted group of patients since the first successful lung transplant occurred. Although significant progress has been made in lung transplantation, there are still numerous obstacles on the path to clinical success. The development of bioartificial lung grafts using patient-derived cells may serve as an alternative treatment modality; however, challenges include developing appropriate scaffold materials, advanced culture strategies for lung-specific multiple cell populations, and fully matured constructs to ensure increased transplant lifetime following implantation. This review highlights the development of tissue-engineered tracheal and lung equivalents over the past two decades, key problems in lung transplantation in a clinical environment, the advancements made in scaffolds, bioprinting technologies, bioreactors, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technologies. The review aims to fill the lacuna in existing literature toward a holistic bioartificial lung tissue, including trachea, capillaries, airways, bifurcating bronchioles, lung disease models, and their clinical translation. Herein, the efforts are on bridging the application of lung tissue engineering methods in a clinical environment as it is thought that tissue engineering holds enormous promise for overcoming the challenges associated with the clinical translation of bioengineered human lung and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shweta Saini
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India
| | - Momoka Nagamine
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University; University Park, PA,16802, USA
| | - Dishary Banerjee
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Jain P, Kathuria H, Dubey N. Advances in 3D bioprinting of tissues/organs for regenerative medicine and in-vitro models. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121639. [PMID: 35779481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition in animal models during preclinical studies because disease phenotype differs between humans and animals. Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) is evolving into an unparalleled multidisciplinary technology for engineering three-dimensional (3D) biological tissue with complex architecture and composition. The technology has emerged as a key driver by precise deposition and assembly of biomaterials with patient's/donor cells. This advancement has aided in the successful fabrication of in vitro models, preclinical implants, and tissue/organs-like structures. Here, we critically reviewed the current state of 3D-bioprinting strategies for regenerative therapy in eight organ systems, including nervous, cardiovascular, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine and exocrine, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary systems. We also focus on the application of 3D bioprinting to fabricated in vitro models to study cancer, infection, drug testing, and safety assessment. The concept of in situ 3D bioprinting is discussed, which is the direct printing of tissues at the injury or defect site for reparative and regenerative therapy. Finally, issues such as scalability, immune response, and regulatory approval are discussed, as well as recently developed tools and technologies such as four-dimensional and convergence bioprinting. In addition, information about clinical trials using 3D printing has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Nusmetic Pte Ltd, Makerspace, I4 Building, 3 Research Link Singapore, 117602, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Neishabouri A, Soltani Khaboushan A, Daghigh F, Kajbafzadeh AM, Majidi Zolbin M. Decellularization in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Evaluation, Modification, and Application Methods. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:805299. [PMID: 35547166 PMCID: PMC9081537 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.805299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction of different tissues using scaffolds and materials is a major element in regenerative medicine. The regeneration of whole organs with decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has remained a goal despite the use of these materials for different purposes. Recently, decellularization techniques have been widely used in producing scaffolds that are appropriate for regenerating damaged organs and may be able to overcome the shortage of donor organs. Decellularized ECM offers several advantages over synthetic compounds, including the preserved natural microenvironment features. Different decellularization methods have been developed, each of which is appropriate for removing cells from specific tissues under certain conditions. A variety of methods have been advanced for evaluating the decellularization process in terms of cell removal efficiency, tissue ultrastructure preservation, toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical resistance in order to enhance the efficacy of decellularization methods. Modification techniques improve the characteristics of decellularized scaffolds, making them available for the regeneration of damaged tissues. Moreover, modification of scaffolds makes them appropriate options for drug delivery, disease modeling, and improving stem cells growth and proliferation. However, considering different challenges in the way of decellularization methods and application of decellularized scaffolds, this field is constantly developing and progressively moving forward. This review has outlined recent decellularization and sterilization strategies, evaluation tests for efficient decellularization, materials processing, application, and challenges and future outlooks of decellularization in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afarin Neishabouri
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Daghigh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin, ; Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh,
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin, ; Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh,
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9
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Lee DY, Lee SY, Jung JW, Kim JH, Oh DH, Kim HW, Kang JH, Choi JS, Kim GD, Joo ST, Hur SJ. Review of technology and materials for the development of cultured meat. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8591-8615. [PMID: 35466822 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2063249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cultured meat production technology suggested that can solve the problems of traditional meat production such as inadequate breeding environment, wastewater, methane gas generation, and animal ethics issues. Complementing cultured meat production methods, sales and safety concerns will make the use of cultured meat technology easier. This review contextualizes the commercialization status of cultured meat and the latest technologies and challenges associated with its production. Investigation was conducted on materials and basic cell culture technique for cultured meat culture is presented. The development of optimal cultured meat technology through these studies will be an innovative leap in food technology. The process of obtaining cells from animal muscle, culturing cells, and growing cells into meat are the basic processes of cultured meat production. The substances needed to production of cultured meat were antibiotics, digestive enzymes, basal media, serum or growth factors. Although muscle cells have been produced closer to meat due to the application of scaffolds materials and 3 D printing technology, still a limit to reducing production costs enough to be used as foods. In addition, developing edible materials is also a challenge because the materials used to produce cultured meat are still not suitable for food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Oh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeop Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Kangwong, Korea
| | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Liu C, Feng B, He S, Liu Y, Chen L, Chen Y, Yao Z, Jian M. Preparation and evaluation of a silk fibroin–polycaprolactone biodegradable biomimetic tracheal scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1292-1305. [PMID: 35061311 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai‐Sheng Liu
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Bo‐Wen Feng
- Department of Child Healthcare Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou China
| | - Shao‐Ru He
- School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yu‐Mei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yan‐Ling Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi‐Ye Yao
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Min‐Qiao Jian
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
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11
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Mokhber Dezfuli M, Saghebi SR, Shadmehr MB, Abbasidezfouli A. Post-intubation tracheal stenosis in pediatric age group: single-center experiences of 24 years. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 70:553-558. [PMID: 34997919 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-021-01767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) is an iatrogenic injury that involves some patients. Given the importance of this issue and the referral of a significant number of children with tracheal stenosis to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, the present study investigated tracheal stenosis following prolonged intubation in the pediatric age group. METHODS In this observational retrospective study, from 1994 to 2018, the medical records of all children under 14 years of age with a history of PITS were reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics including signs and symptoms, the underlying condition that leads to intubation, duration of intubation, type of stenosis, and the therapeutic approach, type of surgery, and follow-up were collected and analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS Among 161 patients with a mean age of 9.8 ± 4.2 years, 69% were male. The site of stenosis was limited to the trachea in 47% and others both trachea and subglottic area were involved. The most common cause of intubation was trauma. The most common symptoms were dyspnea and wheezing. Success rates of reconstruction were 93.75% in type I, 82.15% in type II, and 35.70% in type III. Among the 16 patients who underwent Type III surgery, decannulation was not performed in 11 patients. Traction in the anastomosis and complications were stated in 26 and 10% of the patients respectively, a mortality rate of 8.7% was also reported. CONCLUSION In the case of endotracheal intubation, PITS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea in children as well as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mokhber Dezfuli
- Lung Transplantation Research Center (LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Saghebi
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Behgam Shadmehr
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollah Abbasidezfouli
- Lung Transplantation Research Center (LTRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Backes EH, Harb SV, Beatrice CAG, Shimomura KMB, Passador FR, Costa LC, Pessan LA. Polycaprolactone usage in additive manufacturing strategies for tissue engineering applications: A review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1479-1503. [PMID: 34918463 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been extensively applied on tissue engineering because of its low-melting temperature, good processability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, mechanical resistance, and relatively low cost. The advance of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies in the past decade have boosted the fabrication of customized PCL products, with shorter processing time and absence of material waste. In this context, this review focuses on the use of AM techniques to produce PCL scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications, including bone, muscle, cartilage, skin, and cardiovascular tissue regeneration. The search for optimized geometry, porosity, interconnectivity, controlled degradation rate, and tailored mechanical properties are explored as a tool for enhancing PCL biocompatibility and bioactivity. In addition, rheological and thermal behavior is discussed in terms of filament and scaffold production. Finally, a roadmap for future research is outlined, including the combination of PCL struts with cell-laden hydrogels and 4D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Henrique Backes
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Samarah Vargas Harb
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto Gonçalves Beatrice
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Kawany Munique Boriolo Shimomura
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Lidiane Cristina Costa
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Pessan
- Materials Engineering Department, Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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13
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Extracellular Matrix Scaffold Using Decellularized Cartilage for Hyaline Cartilage Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34582025 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82735-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The repair of osteochondral defects is among the top ten medical needs of humans in the 21st centuries with many countries facing rapidly aging population involved with osteoarthritis as a major contributor to global disease burden. Tissue engineering methods have offered new windows of hope to treat such disorders and disabilities. Regenerative approaches to cartilage injuries require careful replication of the complex microenvironment of the native tissue. The decellularized hyaline cartilage derived from human allografts or xenografts is potentially an ideal scaffold, simulating the mechanical and biochemical properties, as well as biological microarchitecture of the hyaline cartilage. There have been many attempts to regenerate clinically viable hyaline cartilage tissue using decellularized cartilage-derived extracellular matrix with stem cell technology. This chapter describes the reproducible methods for hyaline cartilage decellularization and recellularization. In addition, quality control and characterization requirements of the product at each step, as well as the clinical applications of final product have been discussed.
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14
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Sun F, Lu Y, Wang Z, Shi H. Vascularization strategies for tissue engineering for tracheal reconstruction. Regen Med 2021; 16:549-566. [PMID: 34114475 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering technology provides effective alternative treatments for tracheal reconstruction. The formation of a functional microvascular network is essential to support cell metabolism and ensure the long-term survival of grafts. Although several tracheal replacement therapy strategies have been developed in the past, the critical significance of the formation of microvascular networks in 3D scaffolds has not attracted sufficient attention. Here, we review key technologies and related factors of microvascular network construction in tissue-engineered trachea and explore optimized preparation processes of vascularized functional tissues for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine for Prevention & Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine for Prevention & Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine for Prevention & Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
| | - Hongcan Shi
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine for Prevention & Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, PR China
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15
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Wang Z, Sun F, Lu Y, Zhang B, Zhang G, Shi H. Rapid Preparation Method for Preparing Tracheal Decellularized Scaffolds: Vacuum Assistance and Optimization of DNase I. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10637-10644. [PMID: 34056217 PMCID: PMC8153783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized scaffolds are an effective way for tracheal tissue engineering to perform alternative treatments. However, clinically used decellularized tracheal scaffolds have a long preparation cycle. The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of decellularization by vacuum assistance and optimizing the concentration of DNase I in the decellularization process and to quickly obtain tracheal decellularized scaffolds. The trachea of New Zealand white rabbits was decellularized with 2, 4, 6, and 8 KU/mL DNase I under vacuum. The performance of the decellularized tracheal scaffold was evaluated through histological analysis, immunohistochemical staining, DNA residue, extracellular matrix composition, scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties, cell compatibility, and in vivo experiments. Histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the native trachea, the hierarchical structure of the decellularized trachea remained unchanged after decellularization, nonchondrocytes were effectively removed, and the antigenicity of the scaffold was significantly weakened. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantitative analysis showed that the amount of residual DNA in the 6-KU group was significantly decreased. Scanning electron microscopy and mechanical tests showed that small gaps appeared in the basement membrane of the 6-KU group, and the mechanical properties decreased. The CCK-8 test results and in vivo experiments showed that the 6-KU group's acellular scaffold had good cell compatibility and new blood vessels were visible on the surface. Taken together, the 6-KU group could quickly prepare rabbit tracheal scaffolds with good decellularization effects in only 2 days, which significantly shortened the preparation cycle reducing the required cost.
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16
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She Y, Fan Z, Wang L, Li Y, Sun W, Tang H, Zhang L, Wu L, Zheng H, Chen C. 3D Printed Biomimetic PCL Scaffold as Framework Interspersed With Collagen for Long Segment Tracheal Replacement. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629796. [PMID: 33553186 PMCID: PMC7859529 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of tissue engineering technology has provided new methods for tracheal replacement. However, none of the previously developed biomimetic tracheas exhibit both the anatomy (separated-ring structure) and mechanical behavior (radial rigidity and longitudinal flexibility) mimicking those of native trachea, which greatly restricts their clinical application. Herein, we proposed a biomimetic scaffold with a separated-ring structure: a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold with a ring-hollow alternating structure was three-dimensionally printed as a framework, and collagen sponge was embedded in the hollows amid the PCL rings by pouring followed by lyophilization. The biomimetic scaffold exhibited bionic radial rigidity based on compressive tests and longitudinal flexibility based on three-point bending tests. Furthermore, the biomimetic scaffold was recolonized by chondrocytes and developed tracheal cartilage in vitro. In vivo experiments showed substantial deposition of tracheal cartilage and formation of a biomimetic trachea mimicking the native trachea both structurally and mechanically. Finally, a long-segment tracheal replacement experiment in a rabbit model showed that the engineered biomimetic trachea elicited a satisfactory repair outcome. These results highlight the advantage of a biomimetic trachea with a separated-ring structure that mimics the native trachea both structurally and mechanically and demonstrates its promise in repairing long-segment tracheal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlang She
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinze Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Padalhin A, Ventura R, Kim B, Sultana T, Park CM, Lee BT. Boosting osteogenic potential and bone regeneration by co-cultured cell derived extracellular matrix incorporated porous electrospun scaffold. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:779-798. [PMID: 33375905 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1869879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Implants for bone regeneration to remedy segmental bone defects, osteomyelitis, necrotic bone tissue and non-union fractures have worldwide appeal. Although biomaterials offer most of the advantages by improving tissue growth but developments are more commonly achieved via biologically derived molecules. To aid site specific bone tissue regeneration by synthetic scaffold, cell derived extracellular matrix (ECM) can be a crucial component. In this study, co-cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell and osteoblastic cells derived ECM incorporated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes were assessed for bone tissue engineering application. The preliminary experimental details indicated that, co-culture of cells supported enhanced in vitro ECM synthesis followed by successful deposition of osteoblastic ECM into electrospun membranes. The acellular samples revealed retention of ECM related biomacromolecules (collagen, glycosaminoglycan) and partial recovery of pores after decellularization. In vitro biocompatibility tests ensured improvement of proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in decellularized ECM containing membrane (PCL-ECM) compared to bare membrane (PCL-B) which was further confirmed by osteogenic marker proteins expression analysis. The decellularized PCL-ECM membrane allowed great improvement of bone regeneration over the bare membrane (PCL-B) in 8 mm size critical sized rat skull defects at 2 months of post implantation. In short, the outcome of this study could be impactful in development and application of cell derived ECM based synthetic electrospun templates for bone tissue engineering application.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Padalhin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Reiza Ventura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tamanna Sultana
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Mi Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Boys AJ, Barron SL, Tilev D, Owens RM. Building Scaffolds for Tubular Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:589960. [PMID: 33363127 PMCID: PMC7758256 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.589960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow organs and tissue systems drive various functions in the body. Many of these hollow or tubular systems, such as vasculature, the intestines, and the trachea, are common targets for tissue engineering, given their relevance to numerous diseases and body functions. As the field of tissue engineering has developed, numerous benchtop models have been produced as platforms for basic science and drug testing. Production of tubular scaffolds for different tissue engineering applications possesses many commonalities, such as the necessity for producing an intact tubular opening and for formation of semi-permeable epithelia or endothelia. As such, the field has converged on a series of manufacturing techniques for producing these structures. In this review, we discuss some of the most common tissue engineered applications within the context of tubular tissues and the methods by which these structures can be produced. We provide an overview of the general structure and anatomy for these tissue systems along with a series of general design criteria for tubular tissue engineering. We categorize methods for manufacturing tubular scaffolds as follows: casting, electrospinning, rolling, 3D printing, and decellularization. We discuss state-of-the-art models within the context of vascular, intestinal, and tracheal tissue engineering. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future for these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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19
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Barthes J, Lagarrigue P, Riabov V, Lutzweiler G, Kirsch J, Muller C, Courtial EJ, Marquette C, Projetti F, Kzhyskowska J, Lavalle P, Vrana NE, Dupret-Bories A. Biofunctionalization of 3D-printed silicone implants with immunomodulatory hydrogels for controlling the innate immune response: An in vivo model of tracheal defect repair. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120549. [PMID: 33278685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in 3D-printed silicone (PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane) implants present prospects for personalized implants with highly accurate anatomical conformity. However, a potential adverse effect, such as granuloma formation due to immune reactions, still exists. One potential way to overcome this problem is to control the implant/host interface using immunomodulatory coatings. In this study, a new cytokine cocktail composed of interleukin-10 and prostaglandin-E2 was designed to decrease adverse immune reactions and promote tissue integration by fixing macrophages into M2 pro-healing phenotype for an extended period of time. In vitro, the cytokine cocktail maintained low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) secretions and induced the secretion of IL-10 and the upregulation of multifunctional scavenging and sorting receptor stabilin-1, expressed by M2 macrophages. This cocktail was then loaded in a gelatine-based hydrogel to develop an immunomodulatory material that could be used as a coating for medical devices. The efficacy of this coating was demonstrated in an in vivo rat model during the reconstruction of a tracheal defect by 3D-printed silicone implants. The coating was stable on the silicone implants for over 2 weeks, and the controlled release of the cocktail components was achieved for at least 14 days. In vivo, only 33% of the animals with bare silicone implants survived, whereas 100% of the animals survived with the implant equipped with the immunomodulatory hydrogel. The presence of the hydrogel and the cytokine cocktail diminished the thickness of the inflammatory tissue, the intensity of both acute and chronic inflammation, the overall fibroblastic reaction, the presence of oedema and the formation of fibrinoid (assessed by histology) and led to a 100% survival rate. At the systemic level, the presence of immunomodulatory hydrogels significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, CXCL1 and MCP-1 levels at day 7 and significantly decreased IL-1α, IL-1β, CXCL1 and MCP-1 levels at day 21. The ability of this new immunomodulatory hydrogel to control the level of inflammation once applied to a 3D-printed silicone implant has been demonstrated. Such thin coatings can be applied to any implants or scaffolds used in tissue engineering to diminish the initial immune response, improve the integration and functionality of these materials and decrease potential complications related to their presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barthes
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France.
| | - P Lagarrigue
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - V Riabov
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - G Lutzweiler
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Kirsch
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - C Muller
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - E-J Courtial
- 3d.FAB, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - C Marquette
- 3d.FAB, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - F Projetti
- Department of Pathology, 18 rue du general Catroux, 87039, Limoges Cedex 1, France
| | - J Kzhyskowska
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical, Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany; German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - P Lavalle
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - N E Vrana
- Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale, INSERM UMR1121 "Biomaterials and Bioengineering", 11 Rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg, France; Spartha Medical, 14B rue de La Canardière, 67100, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Dupret-Bories
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, 31009, Toulouse, France.
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20
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Heilingoetter A, Smith S, Malhotra P, Johnson J, Chiang T. Applications of Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering in Otolaryngology. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020; 130:395-404. [PMID: 32975429 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420959692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In tissue engineering, biomaterials create a 3D scaffold for cell-to-cell adhesion, proliferation and tissue formation. Because of their similarity to extracellular matrix and architectural adaptability, nanofibers are of particular interest in tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a well-documented technique for nanofiber production for tissue engineering scaffolds. Here we present literature on the applications of electrospinning in the field of otolaryngology. REVIEW METHODS A PubMed database search was performed to isolate articles published about applications of electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering in otolaryngology. Study design, size, material tested, site of application within the head and neck, and outcomes were obtained for each study. RESULTS Almost all data on electrospinning in otolaryngology was published in the last 6 years (84%), highlighting its novelty. A total of 25 pre-clinical studies were identified: 9 in vitro studies, 5 in vivo animal studies, and 11 combination studies. Sites of application included: tracheal reconstruction (n = 16), tympanic membrane repair (n = 3), cranial nerve regeneration (n = 3), mastoid osteogenesis (n = 1) and ear/nose chondrogenesis (n = 2). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Tissue engineering is a burgeoning field, with recent innovative applications in the field of otolaryngology. Electrospun nanofibers specifically have relevant applications in the field of otolaryngology, due in part to their similarity to native extracellular matrix, with emerging areas of interest being tympanic membrane repair, cranial nerve regeneration and tracheal reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Heilingoetter
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sharon Smith
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Prashant Malhotra
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jed Johnson
- Nanofiber Solutions, Inc., Hilliard, OH, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Niermeyer WL, Rodman C, Li MM, Chiang T. Tissue engineering applications in otolaryngology-The state of translation. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:630-648. [PMID: 32864434 PMCID: PMC7444782 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While tissue engineering holds significant potential to address current limitations in reconstructive surgery of the head and neck, few constructs have made their way into routine clinical use. In this review, we aim to appraise the state of head and neck tissue engineering over the past five years, with a specific focus on otologic, nasal, craniofacial bone, and laryngotracheal applications. A comprehensive scoping search of the PubMed database was performed and over 2000 article hits were returned with 290 articles included in the final review. These publications have addressed the hallmark characteristics of tissue engineering (cellular source, scaffold, and growth signaling) for head and neck anatomical sites. While there have been promising reports of effective tissue engineered interventions in small groups of human patients, the majority of research remains constrained to in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at furthering the understanding of the biological processes involved in tissue engineering. Further, differences in functional and cosmetic properties of the ear, nose, airway, and craniofacial bone affect the emphasis of investigation at each site. While otolaryngologists currently play a role in tissue engineering translational research, continued multidisciplinary efforts will likely be required to push the state of translation towards tissue-engineered constructs available for routine clinical use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cole Rodman
- The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Michael M. Li
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Department of OtolaryngologyNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
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McCrary MW, Bousalis D, Mobini S, Song YH, Schmidt CE. Decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro modeling of healthy and diseased tissues. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:1-19. [PMID: 32464269 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical engineers are at the forefront of developing novel treatments to improve human health, however, many products fail to translate to clinical implementation. In vivo pre-clinical animal models, although the current best approximation of complex disease conditions, are limited by reproducibility, ethical concerns, and poor accurate prediction of human response. Hence, there is a need to develop physiologically relevant, low cost, scalable, and reproducible in vitro platforms to provide reliable means for testing drugs, biomaterials, and tissue engineered products for successful clinical translation. One emerging approach of developing physiologically relevant in vitro models utilizes decellularized tissues/organs as biomaterial platforms for 2D and 3D models of healthy and diseased tissue. Decellularization is a process that removes cellular content and produces tissue-specific extracellular matrix scaffolds that can more accurately recapitulate an organ/tissue's native microenvironment compared to other natural or synthetic materials. Decellularized tissues hold enormous potential for in vitro modeling of various disease phenotypes and tissue responses to drugs or external conditions such as aging, toxin exposure, or even implantation. In this review, we highlight the need for in vitro models, the advantages and limitations of implementing decellularized tissues, and considerations of the decellularization process. We discuss current research efforts towards applying decellularized tissues as platforms to generate in vitro models of healthy and diseased tissues, and where we foresee the field progressing. A variety of organs/tissues are discussed, including brain, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, skin, and tongue. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Many biomedical products fail to reach clinical translation due to animal model limitations. Development of physiologically relevant in vitro models can provide a more economic, scalable, and reproducible means of testing drugs/therapeutics for successful clinical translation. The use of decellularized tissues as platforms for in vitro models holds promise, as these scaffolds can effectively replicate native tissue complexity, but is not widely explored. This review discusses the need for in vitro models, the promise of decellularized tissues as biomaterial substrates, and the current research applying decellularized tissues towards the creation of in vitro models. Further, this review provides insights into the current limitations and future of such in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Deanna Bousalis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Instituto de Micro y Nanotechnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC), Calle Isaac Newton 8, 28760 Madrid, Tres Cantos, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Nicolás Cabrera, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Young Hye Song
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 134 White Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Dr. BMS J257, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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Badekila AK, Kini S, Jaiswal AK. Fabrication techniques of biomimetic scaffolds in three-dimensional cell culture: A review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:741-762. [PMID: 32657458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last four decades, several researchers worldwide have routinely and meticulously exercised cell culture experiments in two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Using traditionally existing 2D models, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs has been inappropriately validated due to the failure in generating the precise therapeutic response. Fortunately, a 3D model addresses the foregoing limitations by recapitulating the in vivo environment. In this context, one has to contemplate the design of an appropriate scaffold for favoring the organization of cell microenvironment. Instituting pertinent model on the platter will pave way for a precise mimicking of in vivo conditions. It is because animal cells in scaffolds oblige spontaneous formation of 3D colonies that molecularly, phenotypically, and histologically resemble the native environment. The 3D culture provides insight into the biochemical aspects of cell-cell communication, plasticity, cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, signaling mechanisms, differentiation, and cell death. Focusing on these criteria, this paper discusses in detail, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources. The paper also reviews the well-founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana K Badekila
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hamzah MSA, Razak SIA, Kadir MRA, Bohari SPM, Nayan NHM, Thangaraj Anand JS. Fabrication and evaluation of polylactic acid/pectin composite scaffold via freeze extraction for tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020; 40:421-431. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This work reports the fabrication and characterizations of porous scaffold made up of polylactic acid (PLA) with the inclusion of pectin (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 wt%) for potential tissue engineering material. The composite scaffold was prepared using a facile method of freeze extraction. Based on the physical evaluations, the scaffold was suggested to be optimum at 5 wt% of pectin loading. Water contact angle of the scaffold was significantly reduced to 46.5o with the inclusion of 5 wt% of pectin. Morphological and topographic of the PLA scaffold revealed that the pectin induced more porous structure and its surface became rougher which was suitable for cell attachment and proliferation. In vitro studies of the PLA/pectin composite scaffold using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromidelt (MTT) assay revealed good biocompatibility whereas Live-Dead kit assay resulted in 91% cell viability after 7 days of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Syahir Anwar Hamzah
- Faculty of Engineering Technology , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat, 86400 , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Saiful Izwan Abd Razak
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials , Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81300 , Skudai , Johor , Malaysia
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group , School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences , Faculty of Engineering , 81300 , Skudai , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group , School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences , Faculty of Engineering , 81300 , Skudai , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Siti Pauliena Mohd Bohari
- BioInspired Device and Tissue Engineering Research Group , School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences , Faculty of Engineering , 81300 , Skudai , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Nadirul Hasraf Mat Nayan
- Faculty of Engineering Technology , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat, 86400 , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Joseph Sahaya Thangaraj Anand
- Sustainable and Responsive Manufacturing Group , Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan , Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka , Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, 76100 , Melaka , Malaysia
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25
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Dhasmana A, Singh A, Rawal S. Biomedical grafts for tracheal tissue repairing and regeneration "Tracheal tissue engineering: an overview". J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:653-672. [PMID: 32064791 DOI: 10.1002/term.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Airway system is a vital part of the living being body. Trachea is the upper respiratory portion that connects nostril and lungs and has multiple functions such as breathing and entrapment of dust/pathogen particles. Tracheal reconstruction by artificial prosthesis, stents, and grafts are performed clinically for the repairing of damaged tissue. Although these (above-mentioned) methods repair the damaged parts, they have limited applicability like small area wounds and lack of functional tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering helps to overcome the above-mentioned problems by modifying the traditional used stents and grafts, not only repair but also regenerate the damaged area to functional tissue. Bioengineered tracheal replacements are biocompatible, nontoxic, porous, and having 3D biomimetic ultrastructure with good mechanical strength, which results in faster and better tissue regeneration. Till date, the bioengineered tracheal replacements studies have been going on preclinical and clinical levels. Besides that, still many researchers are working at advance level to make extracellular matrix-based acellular, 3D printed, cell-seeded grafts including living cells to overcome the demand of tissue or organ and making the ready to use tracheal reconstructs for clinical application. Thus, in this review, we summarized the tracheal tissue engineering aspects and their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Dhasmana
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Atul Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sagar Rawal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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26
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Fast cyclical-decellularized trachea as a natural 3D scaffold for organ engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Natural biomacromolecule based composite scaffolds from silk fibroin, gelatin and chitosan toward tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1285-1294. [PMID: 31733251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natupolymer-based scaffolds can increase cell affinity to biomaterials and improve cell responses. Silk fibroin, chitosan and gelatin that mimic the properties of natural extra-cellular matrix (ECM) were chosen due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability and less immunogenic reactions. We prepared composite scaffolds with different blending ratios of silk fibroin-chitosan-gelatin by freeze-drying technique. Silk fibroin was extracted from the Bombyx mori silkworm. The scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface wettability, swelling measurements, In Vitro enzymatic degradation measurements and tensile test. The composite scaffolds showed pore sizes from 125 μm to 175 μm, good interconnectivity between pores and suitable porosity which are desirable for cell growth. The addition of chitosan-gelatin to silk fibroin increased water uptake and degradation rate and reduced mechanical strength but silk fibroin affect reversely on the degradation and mechanical strength of composite scaffolds. Biocompatibility of scaffolds was demonstrated by MTT-assay and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining which lead to the growth and adhesion of endothelial cells. In this study, the fabricated composite scaffolds have the potential for tissue engineering applications.
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28
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Gao X, Han S, Zhang R, Liu G, Wu J. Progress in electrospun composite nanofibers: composition, performance and applications for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7075-7089. [PMID: 31660575 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01730e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel methods to fabricate optimal scaffolds that mimic both mechanical and functional properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has always been the "holy grail" in tissue engineering. In recent years, electrospinning has emerged as an attractive material fabrication method and has been widely applied in tissue engineering due to its capability of producing non-woven and nanoscale fibers. However, from the perspective of biomimicry, it is difficult for single-component electrospun fiber membranes to achieve the biomimetic purposes of the multi-component extracellular matrix. Based on electrospinning, various functional components can be efficiently and expediently introduced into the membranes, and through the complementation and correlation of the properties of each component, composite materials with comprehensive and superior properties are obtained while maintaining the primitive merits of each component. In this review, we will provide an overview of the attempts made to fabricate electrospinning-based composite tissue engineering materials in the past few decades, which have been divided into organic additives, inorganic additives and organic-inorganic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xize Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Ruhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P. R. China. and Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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29
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Han Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Chang F, Ding J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2019; 8:E886. [PMID: 31412678 PMCID: PMC6721852 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. MSCs are easily extracted from the bone marrow, fat, and synovium, and differentiate into various cell lineages according to the requirements of specific biomedical applications. As MSCs do not express significant histocompatibility complexes and immune stimulating molecules, they are not detected by immune surveillance and do not lead to graft rejection after transplantation. These properties make them competent biomedical candidates, especially in tissue engineering. We present a brief overview of MSC extraction methods and subsequent potential for differentiation, and a comprehensive overview of their preclinical and clinical applications in regenerative medicine, and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuezhou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Yuping Han
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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30
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Wu W, Jia S, Chen W, Liu X, Zhang S. Fast degrading elastomer stented fascia remodels into tough and vascularized construct for tracheal regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 101:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Fabrication and Characterization of Bioresorbable Drug-coated Porous Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091438. [PMID: 31052587 PMCID: PMC6539797 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioresorbable polymers have been studied for several decades as attractive candidates for promoting the advancement of medical science and bio-technology in modern society. In particular, with a well-defined architecture, bioresorbable polymers have prominent advantages over their bulk counterparts for applications in biomedical and implant devices, such as cell delivery, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and hydrogels as well as in the pharmaceutical fields. Biocompatible implant devices based on bioresorbable materials (for instance, bioresorbable polymers that combine the unique advantages of biocompability and easy handling) have emerged as a highly active field due to their promising applications in artificial implant systems and biomedical devices. In this paper, we report an approach to fabricate porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds using a 3D printing system. And its surface was treated to a hydrophilic surface using plasma treatment. Then, the aspirin and atorvastatin calcium salt mixture was dip coated onto the surface. The drug coating technology was used to deposit the drug material onto the scaffold surface. Our porous PCL scaffold was coated with aspirin and atorvastatin calcium salt to reduce the blood LDL cholesterol and restenosis. These results suggest that our approach may provide a promising scaffold for developing bioresorbable drug-delivery-biomaterials. We further demonstrate that our bioresorbable medical device can be used as vascular scaffolds to provide a wide range of applications for the design of medical devices.
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32
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Enyuan Q, Mingpeng X, Luoman G, Jinghua G, Yu L, Wentao L, Changchun H, Lihua L, Xiaoyan M, Lei Z, Guangnan L. Erythromycin combined with corticosteroid reduced inflammation and modified trauma-induced tracheal stenosis in a rabbit model. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2019; 12:1753466618773707. [PMID: 29781361 PMCID: PMC5966843 DOI: 10.1177/1753466618773707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy are subject to benign tracheal stenosis (TS), for which current therapies are unsatisfactory. We conducted a preliminary investigation of drugs and drug combinations for the prevention and treatment of TS in a rabbit model. Methods: Fifty-four rabbits were apportioned into nine groups according to treatment: sham-operated control; untreated TS model; amikacin; budesonide; erythromycin; penicillin; amikacin + budesonide; erythromycin + budesonide; and penicillin + budesonide. TS was induced by abrasion during surgery. The drugs were applied for 7 days before and 10 days after the surgery. Rabbits were killed on the eleventh day. Tracheal specimens were processed for determining alterations in the thicknesses of tracheal epithelium and lamina propria via hematoxylin and eosin. The tracheal mRNA (assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction) expressions of the following fibrotic-related factors were determined: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF- β1), collagen type I (COL1A1), collagen type III (COL3A1), and interleukin-17 (IL-17). The protein levels of TGF-β1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 were determined through immunohistochemistry and integrated optical densities. Results: Compared with all other groups, the untreated TS model had significantly thicker tracheal epithelium and lamina propria, and higher mRNA and protein levels of all targeted fibrotic factors. The mRNA and protein levels of the targeted fibrotic factors in all the drug-treated groups were lower than those of the untreated TS model, and differences were most significant in the erythromycin + budesonide group. Conclusions: Erythromycin combined with budesonide may reduce inflammation and modify fibrosis progression in TS after tracheal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Enyuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xu Mingpeng
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Gan Luoman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gan Jinghua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Wentao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hou Changchun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Lihua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Meng Xiaoyan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liu Guangnan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, China
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De Santis MM, Bölükbas DA, Lindstedt S, Wagner DE. How to build a lung: latest advances and emerging themes in lung bioengineering. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01355-2016. [PMID: 29903859 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01355-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The only option at end-stage disease is lung transplantation, but there are not enough donor lungs to meet clinical demand. Alternative options to increase tissue availability for lung transplantation are urgently required to close the gap on this unmet clinical need. A growing number of tissue engineering approaches are exploring the potential to generate lung tissue ex vivo for transplantation. Both biologically derived and manufactured scaffolds seeded with cells and grown ex vivo have been explored in pre-clinical studies, with the eventual goal of generating functional pulmonary tissue for transplantation. Recently, there have been significant efforts to scale-up cell culture methods to generate adequate cell numbers for human-scale bioengineering approaches. Concomitantly, there have been exciting efforts in designing bioreactors that allow for appropriate cell seeding and development of functional lung tissue over time. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art progress for each of these areas and to discuss promising new ideas within the field of lung bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M De Santis
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Deniz A Bölükbas
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Lindstedt
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart and Lung Transplantation, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden .,Lung Repair and Regeneration (LRR), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Chamundeswari VN, Chuah YJ, Loo SCJ. Multidrug-eluting bi-layered microparticle-mesh scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3340-3347. [PMID: 32254391 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00397a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based tissue engineering necessitates the development of a biocompatible scaffold, as a structural support, that provides a continuous supply of bioactive molecules for specific lineage differentiation. While incorporating bioactive molecules within a scaffold to improve stem cell differentiation has been reported in the literature, there is minimal evidence of any scaffold that can deliver a customized concoction of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactive molecules to induce in situ lineage differentiation without any external supplements. In this study, we established a bioactive, drug-eluting bi-layered microparticle-mesh scaffold (BMMS) using the electrospinning technique. This BMMS was co-encapsulated with hydrophobic dexamethasone (in the mesh), hydrophilic ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate or proline (in the microparticles). We hypothesized that a sustained-releasing BMMS can direct in situ specific lineage differentiation of MSCs (e.g. osteogenic and chondrogenic) in a minimally supplemented culture environment into musculoskeletal tissues. The characterization of this BMMS revealed good encapsulation efficiencies of the bioactive molecules with sustained-releasing capabilities. The release kinetics of each drug was further analyzed using mathematical drug-releasing models. These scaffolds were subsequently shown to have potential for osteogenic or chondrogenic lineage differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a minimally supplemented culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya N Chamundeswari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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35
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Liew WLA, Zhang Y. Laser-based fabrication of 3D hydrogel constructs using bessel beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Wintle BC, Boehm CR, Rhodes C, Molloy JC, Millett P, Adam L, Breitling R, Carlson R, Casagrande R, Dando M, Doubleday R, Drexler E, Edwards B, Ellis T, Evans NG, Hammond R, Haseloff J, Kahl L, Kuiken T, Lichman BR, Matthewman CA, Napier JA, ÓhÉigeartaigh SS, Patron NJ, Perello E, Shapira P, Tait J, Takano E, Sutherland WJ. A transatlantic perspective on 20 emerging issues in biological engineering. eLife 2017; 6:e30247. [PMID: 29132504 PMCID: PMC5685469 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biological engineering are likely to have substantial impacts on global society. To explore these potential impacts we ran a horizon scanning exercise to capture a range of perspectives on the opportunities and risks presented by biological engineering. We first identified 70 potential issues, and then used an iterative process to prioritise 20 issues that we considered to be emerging, to have potential global impact, and to be relatively unknown outside the field of biological engineering. The issues identified may be of interest to researchers, businesses and policy makers in sectors such as health, energy, agriculture and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie C Wintle
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Christian R Boehm
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdamGermany
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine Rhodes
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jennifer C Molloy
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Piers Millett
- Future of Humanity InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura Adam
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Malcolm Dando
- Division of Peace Studies and the Bradford Centre for International DevelopmentUniversity of BradfordBradfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert Doubleday
- Centre for Science and PolicyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric Drexler
- Future of Humanity InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Brett Edwards
- Department of Politics, Languages & International StudiesUniversity of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Ellis
- Centre for Synthetic Biology and InnovationImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas G Evans
- Department of PhilosophyUniversity of MassachusettsLowellUnited States
| | | | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Linda Kahl
- BioBricks FoundationSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Todd Kuiken
- Genetic Engineering & Society CenterNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Seán S ÓhÉigeartaigh
- Centre for the Study of Existential RiskUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Philip Shapira
- Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Alliance Manchester Business SchoolUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- School of Public PolicyGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Joyce Tait
- Innogen InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SYNBIOCHEM), Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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37
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Catauro M, Tranquillo E, Illiano M, Sapio L, Spina A, Naviglio S. The Influence of the Polymer Amount on the Biological Properties of PCL/ZrO₂ Hybrid Materials Synthesized via Sol-Gel Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1186. [PMID: 29039803 PMCID: PMC5666992 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organic/inorganic hybrid materials are attracting considerable attention in the biomedical area. The sol-gel process provides a convenient way to produce many bioactive organic-inorganic hybrids. Among those, poly(e-caprolactone)/zirconia (PCL/ZrO₂) hybrids have proved to be bioactive with no toxic materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these materials on the cellular response as a function of the PCL content, in order to evaluate their potential use in the biomedical field. For this purpose, PCL/ZrO₂ hybrids containing 6, 12, 24, and 50 wt % of PCL were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The effects of their presence on the NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell line carrying out direct cell number counting, MTT, cell damage assays, flow cytometry-based analysis of cell-cycle progression, and immunoblotting experiments. The results confirm and extend the findings that PCL/ZrO₂ hybrids are free from toxicity. The hybrids containing 12 and 24 wt % PCL, (more than 6 and 50 wt % ones) enhance cell proliferation when compared to pure ZrO₂ by affecting cell cycle progression. The finding that the content of PCL in PCL/ZrO₂ hybrids differently supports cell proliferation suggests that PCL/ZrO₂ hybrids could be useful tools with different potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Catauro
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Tranquillo
- Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy.
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Michela Illiano
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Spina
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Medical School, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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