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Zhou W, Rahman MSU, Sun C, Li S, Zhang N, Chen H, Han CC, Xu S, Liu Y. Perspectives on the Novel Multifunctional Nerve Guidance Conduits: From Specific Regenerative Procedures to Motor Function Rebuilding. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307805. [PMID: 37750196 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury potentially destroys the quality of life by inducing functional movement disorders and sensory capacity loss, which results in severe disability and substantial psychological, social, and financial burdens. Autologous nerve grafting has been commonly used as treatment in the clinic; however, its rare donor availability limits its application. A series of artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) with advanced architectures are also proposed to promote injured peripheral nerve regeneration, which is a complicated process from axon sprouting to targeted muscle reinnervation. Therefore, exploring the interactions between sophisticated NGC complexes and versatile cells during each process including axon sprouting, Schwann cell dedifferentiation, nerve myelination, and muscle reinnervation is necessary. This review highlights the contribution of functional NGCs and the influence of microscale biomaterial architecture on biological processes of nerve repair. Progressive NGCs with chemical molecule induction, heterogenous topographical morphology, electroactive, anisotropic assembly microstructure, and self-powered electroactive and magnetic-sensitive NGCs are also collected, and they are expected to be pioneering features in future multifunctional and effective NGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education Guangdong province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chengmei Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education Guangdong province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Nuozi Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Charles C Han
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Castro VO, Livi S, Sperling LE, Dos Santos MG, Merlini C. Biodegradable Electrospun Conduit with Aligned Fibers Based on Poly(lactic- co-glycolic Acid) (PLGA)/Carbon Nanotubes and Choline Bitartrate Ionic Liquid. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1536-1546. [PMID: 38346264 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Functionally active aligned fibers are a promising approach to enhance neuro adhesion and guide the extension of neurons for peripheral nerve regeneration. Therefore, the present study developed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-aligned electrospun mats and investigated the synergic effect with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Choline Bitartrate ionic liquid (Bio-IL) on PLGA fibers. Morphology, thermal, and mechanical performances were determined as well as the hydrolytic degradation and the cytotoxicity. Results revealed that electrospun mats are composed of highly aligned fibers, and CNTs were aligned and homogeneously distributed into the fibers. Bio-IL changed thermal transition behavior, reduced glass transition temperature (Tg), and favored crystal phase formation. The mechanical properties increased in the presence of CNTs and slightly decreased in the presence of the Bio-IL. The results demonstrated a decrease in the degradation rate in the presence of CNTs, whereas the use of Bio-IL led to an increase in the degradation rate. Cytotoxicity results showed that all the electrospun mats display metabolic activity above 70%, which demonstrates that they are biocompatible. Moreover, superior biocompatibility was observed for the electrospun containing Bio-IL combined with higher amounts of CNTs, showing a high potential to be used in nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Oliveira Castro
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-535, Brazil
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne F-69621 Cédex, France
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Villeurbanne F-69621 Cédex, France
| | - Laura Elena Sperling
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Garrido Dos Santos
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Merlini
- Materials Engineering Special Coordination, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Blumenau, Santa Catarina 89036-002, Brazil
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Qi W, Zhang R, Wang Z, Du H, Zhao Y, Shi B, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang P. Advances in the Application of Black Phosphorus-Based Composite Biomedical Materials in the Field of Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:242. [PMID: 38399457 PMCID: PMC10892510 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Black Phosphorus (BP) is a new semiconductor material with excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and optical and electrophysical properties. A growing number of studies show that BP has high potential applications in the biomedical field. This article aims to systematically review the research progress of BP composite medical materials in the field of tissue engineering, mining BP in bone regeneration, skin repair, nerve repair, inflammation, treatment methods, and the application mechanism. Furthermore, the paper discusses the shortcomings and future recommendations related to the development of BP. These shortcomings include stability, photothermal conversion capacity, preparation process, and other related issues. However, despite these challenges, the utilization of BP-based medical materials holds immense promise in revolutionizing the field of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (W.Q.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (W.Q.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zaishang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China;
| | - Haitao Du
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiwu Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bin Shi
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan 250062, China;
| | - Yi Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; (H.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Gao X, Hou T, Wang L, Liu Y, Guo J, Zhang L, Yang T, Tang W, An M, Wen M. Aligned electrospun fibers of different diameters for improving cell migration capacity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113674. [PMID: 38039823 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun fibers have gained significant attention as scaffolds in skin tissue engineering due to their biomimetic properties, which resemble the fibrous extracellular matrix. The morphological characteristics of electrospun fibers play a crucial role in determining cell behavior. However, the effects of electrospun fibers' arrangement and diameters on human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) remain elusive. Here, we revealed the impact of electrospun fiber diameters (700 nm, 2000 nm, and 3000 nm) on HSFs' proliferation, migration, and functional expression. The results demonstrated that all fibers exhibited good cytocompatibility. HSFs cultured on nanofibers (700 nm diameter) displayed a more dispersed and elongated morphology. Conversely, fibers with a diameter of 3000 nm exhibited a reduced specific surface area and lower adsorption of adhesion proteins, resulting in enhanced cell migration speed and effective migration rate. Meanwhile, the expression levels of migration-related genes and proteins were upregulated at 48 h for the 3000 nm fibers. This study demonstrated the unique role of fiber diameters in controlling the physiological functions of cells, especially decision-making and navigating migration in complex microenvironments of aligned electrospun fibers, and highlights the utility of these bioactive substitutes in skin tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Tian Hou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Jiqiang Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, China; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
| | - Meiwen An
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
| | - Meiling Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength & Structural Impact, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Sadat Z, Lalebeigi F, Naderi N, Panahi L, Ganjali F, Mahdian S, Saadatidizaji Z, Mahdavi M, Chidar E, Soleimani E, Ghaee A, Maleki A, Zare I. Effects of mechanical properties of carbon-based nanocomposites on scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a comprehensive review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:337-366. [PMID: 38235087 PMCID: PMC10790973 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00554b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical properties, such as elasticity modulus, tensile strength, elongation, hardness, density, creep, toughness, brittleness, durability, stiffness, creep rupture, corrosion and wear, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and fatigue limit, are some of the most important features of a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the scaffolds used in tissue engineering must exhibit mechanical and biological behaviour close to the target tissue. Thus, a variety of materials has been studied for enhancing the mechanical performance of composites. Carbon-based nanostructures, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fibrous carbon nanostructures, and nanodiamonds (NDs), have shown great potential for this purpose. This is owing to their biocompatibility, high chemical and physical stability, ease of functionalization, and numerous surface functional groups with the capability to form covalent bonds and electrostatic interactions with other components in the composite, thus significantly enhancing their mechanical properties. Considering the outstanding capabilities of carbon nanostructures in enhancing the mechanical properties of biocomposites and increasing their applicability in tissue engineering and the lack of comprehensive studies on their biosafety and role in increasing the mechanical behaviour of scaffolds, a comprehensive review on carbon nanostructures is provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Farnaz Lalebeigi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Nooshin Naderi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Leila Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ganjali
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Sakineh Mahdian
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatidizaji
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Elham Chidar
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Erfan Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaee
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran P.O. Box 14395-1561 Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd Shiraz 7178795844 Iran
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Shar A, Shar A, Joung D. Carbon nanotube nanocomposite scaffolds: advances in fabrication and applications for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1299166. [PMID: 38179128 PMCID: PMC10764633 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1299166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite scaffolds have emerged as highly promising frameworks for tissue engineering research. By leveraging their intrinsic electrical conductivity and valuable mechanical properties, CNTs are commonly dispersed into polymers to create robust, electrically conductive scaffolds that facilitate tissue regeneration and remodeling. This article explores the latest progress and challenges related to CNT dispersion, functionalization, and scaffold printing techniques, including electrospinning and 3D printing. Notably, these CNT scaffolds have demonstrated remarkable positive effects across various cell culture systems, stimulating neuronal growth, promoting cardiomyocyte maturation, and facilitating osteocyte differentiation. These encouraging results have sparked significant interest within the regenerative medicine field, including neural, cardiac, muscle, and bone regenerations. However, addressing the concern of CNT cytotoxicity in these scaffolds remains critical. Consequently, substantial efforts are focused on exploring strategies to minimize cytotoxicity associated with CNT-based scaffolds. Moreover, researchers have also explored the intriguing possibility of utilizing the natural cytotoxic properties of CNTs to selectively target cancer cells, opening up promising avenues for cancer therapy. More research should be conducted on cutting-edge applications of CNT-based scaffolds through phototherapy and electrothermal ablation. Unlike drug delivery systems, these novel methodologies can combine 3D additive manufacturing with the innate physical properties of CNT in response to electromagnetic stimuli to efficiently target localized tumors. Taken together, the unique properties of CNT-based nanocomposite scaffolds position them as promising candidates for revolutionary breakthroughs in both regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Continued research and innovation in this area hold significant promise for improving healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Shar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Angela Shar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daeha Joung
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Wasnik K, Gupta PS, Mukherjee S, Oviya A, Prakash R, Pareek D, Patra S, Maity S, Rai V, Singh M, Singh G, Yadav DD, Das S, Maiti P, Paik P. Poly( N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) Hydrogel Mimics the Cellular Microenvironment and Promotes Neurite Growth with Protection from Oxidative Stress. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5644-5661. [PMID: 37993284 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the glycine-based acryloyl monomer is polymerized to obtain a neurogenic polymeric hydrogel for regenerative applications. The synthesized poly(N-acryloylglycine-acrylamide) [poly(NAG-b-A)] nanohydrogel exhibits high swelling (∼1500%) and is mechanically very stable, biocompatible, and proliferative in nature. The poly(NAG-b-A) nanohydrogel provides a stable 3D extracellular mimetic environment and promotes healthy neurite growth for primary cortical neurons by facilitating cellular adhesion, proliferation, actin filament stabilization, and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the protective role of the poly(NAG-b-A) hydrogel for the neurons in oxidative stress conditions is revealed and it is found that it is a clinically relevant material for neuronal regenerative applications, such as for promoting nerve regeneration via GSK3β inhibition. This hydrogel additionally plays an important role in modulating the biological microenvironment, either as an agonist and antagonist or as an antioxidant. Furthermore, it favors the physiological responses and eases the neurite growth efficiency. Additionally, we found out that the conversion of glycine-based acryloyl monomers into their corresponding polymer modulates the mechanical performance, mimics the cellular microenvironment, and accelerates the self-healing capability due to the responsive behavior towards reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the p(NAG-b-A) hydrogel could be a potential candidate to induce neuronal regeneration since it provides a physical cue and significantly boosts neurite outgrowth and also maintains the microtubule integrity in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Wasnik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Prem Shankar Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Alagu Oviya
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Divya Pareek
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Somedutta Maity
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500 046, India
| | - Vipin Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Monika Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Desh Deepak Yadav
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Santanu Das
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221 005, India
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Ranjbar N, Bakhshandeh B, Pennisi CP. Electroconductive Nanofibrous Scaffolds Enable Neuronal Differentiation in Response to Electrical Stimulation without Exogenous Inducing Factors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1438. [PMID: 38136029 PMCID: PMC10740536 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various biochemical and biophysical inducers for neural regeneration, electrical stimulation (ES) has recently attracted considerable attention as an efficient means to induce neuronal differentiation in tissue engineering approaches. The aim of this in vitro study was to develop a nanofibrous scaffold that enables ES-mediated neuronal differentiation in the absence of exogenous soluble inducers. A nanofibrous scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) was fabricated via electrospinning and its physicochemical properties were investigated. The cytocompatibility of the electrospun composite with the PC12 cell line and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was investigated. The results showed that the PCL/PLLA/SWNT nanofibrous scaffold did not exhibit cytotoxicity and supported cell attachment, spreading, and proliferation. ES was applied to cells cultured on the nanofibrous scaffolds at different intensities and the expression of the three neural markers (Nestin, Microtubule-associated protein 2, and β tubulin-3) was evaluated using RT-qPCR analysis. The results showed that the highest expression of neural markers could be achieved at an electric field intensity of 200 mV/cm, suggesting that the scaffold in combination with ES can be an efficient tool to accelerate neural differentiation in the absence of exogenous soluble inducers. This has important implications for the regeneration of nerve injuries and may provide insights for further investigations of the mechanisms underlying ES-mediated neuronal commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Ranjbar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Cristian Pablo Pennisi
- Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9260 Gistrup, Denmark
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Rahman M, Mahady Dip T, Padhye R, Houshyar S. Review on electrically conductive smart nerve guide conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1916-1950. [PMID: 37555548 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
At present, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are one of the leading causes of substantial impairment around the globe. Complete recovery of nerve function after an injury is challenging. Currently, autologous nerve grafts are being used as a treatment; however, this has several downsides, for example, donor site morbidity, shortage of donor sites, loss of sensation, inflammation, and neuroma development. The most promising alternative is the development of a nerve guide conduit (NGC) to direct the restoration and renewal of neuronal axons from the proximal to the distal end to facilitate nerve regeneration and maximize sensory and functional recovery. Alternatively, the response of nerve cells to electrical stimulation (ES) has a substantial regenerative effect. The incorporation of electrically conductive biomaterials in the fabrication of smart NGCs facilitates the function of ES throughout the active proliferation state. This article overviews the potency of the various categories of electroactive smart biomaterials, including conductive and piezoelectric nanomaterials, piezoelectric polymers, and organic conductive polymers that researchers have employed latterly to fabricate smart NGCs and their potentiality in future clinical application. It also summarizes a comprehensive analysis of the recent research and advancements in the application of ES in the field of NGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafijur Rahman
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Australia
- Department of Dyes and Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahady Dip
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Yarn Engineering, Bangladesh University of Textiles, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajiv Padhye
- Center for Materials Innovation and Future Fashion (CMIFF), School of Fashion and Textiles, RMIT University, Brunswick, Australia
| | - Shadi Houshyar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lan D, Wu B, Zhang H, Chen X, Li Z, Dai F. Novel Bioinspired Nerve Scaffold with High Synchrony between Biodegradation and Nerve Regeneration for Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5451-5466. [PMID: 37917398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphological structure reconstruction and functional recovery of long-distance peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are global medical challenges. Biodegradable nerve scaffolds that provide mechanical support for the growth and extension of neurites are a desired way to repair long-distance PNI. However, the synchrony of scaffold degradation and nerve regeneration is still challenging. Here, a novel bioinspired multichannel nerve guide conduit (MNGC) with topographical cues based on silk fibroin and ε-polylysine modification was constructed. This conduit (SF(A) + PLL MNGC) exhibited sufficient mechanical strength, excellent degradability, and favorable promotion of cell growth. Peripheral nerve repairing was evaluated by an in vivo 10 mm rat sciatic model. In vivo evidence demonstrated that SF(A) + PLL MNGC was completely biodegraded in the body within 4 weeks after providing sufficient physical support and guide for neurite extension, and a 10 mm sciatic nerve defect was effectively repaired without scar formation, indicating a high synchronous effect of scaffold biodegradation and nerve regeneration. More importantly, the regenerated nerve of the SF(A) + PLL MNGC group showed comparable morphological reconstruction and functional recovery to that of autologous nerve transplantation. This work proved that the designed SF(A) + PLL MNGC has potential for application in long-distance PNI repair in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Baiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Mao W, Lee E, Cho W, Kang BJ, Yoo HS. Cell-directed assembly of luminal nanofibril fillers in nerve conduits for peripheral nerve repair. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122209. [PMID: 37421670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have attracted significant attention in the field of tissue engineering, particularly in nerve and muscle regeneration, owing to their excellent electrical conductivity. This paper reports the fabrication of cell-mixable rGO-decorated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrils (NFs) to promote peripheral nerve repair with the assistant of electron transmission by rGO and cytokine paracrine by stem cells. Oxidized GO (GO-COOH) and branched polyethylenimine are layer-by-layer coated on hydrolyzed PCL NFs via electrostatic interaction, and the number of layering is manipulated to adjust the GO-COOH coating amount. The decorated GO-COOH is reduced in situ to rGO for electrical conductivity retrieval. PC12 cells cultivated with rGO-coated NF demonstrate spontaneous cell sheet assembly, and neurogenic differentiation is observed upon electrical stimulation. When transplant nerve guidance conduit containing the assembly of rGO-coated NF and adipose-derived stem cell to the site of neurotmesis injury of a sciatic nerve, animal movement is enhanced and autotomy is ameliorated for 8 weeks compared to transplanting the hollow conduit only. Histological analysis results reveal higher levels of muscle mass and lower levels of collagen deposition in the triceps surae muscle of the rGO-coated NF-treated legs. Therefore, the rGO-layered NF can be tailored to repair peripheral nerve injuries in combination with stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbee Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lin YH, Liu EW, Lin YJ, Ng HY, Lee JJ, Hsu TT. The Synergistic Effect of Electrical Stimulation and Dermal Fibroblast Cells-Laden 3D Conductive Hydrogel for Full-Thickness Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11698. [PMID: 37511457 PMCID: PMC10380226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, most patients with poor wound healing suffer from generalized skin damage, usually accompanied by other complications, so developing therapeutic strategies for difficult wound healing has remained extremely challenging until now. Current studies have indicated that electrical stimulation (ES) to cutaneous lesions enhances skin regeneration by activating intracellular signaling cascades and secreting skin regeneration-related cytokine. In this study, we designed different concentrations of graphene in gelatin-methacrylate (GelMa) to form the conductive composite commonly used in wound healing because of its efficiency compared to other conductive thermo-elastic materials. The results demonstrated the successful addition of graphene to GelMa while retaining the original physicochemical properties of the GelMa bioink. In addition, the incorporation of graphene increased the interactions between these two biomaterials, leading to an increase in mechanical properties, improvement in the swelling ratio, and the regulation of degradation characteristics of the biocomposite scaffolds. Moreover, the scaffolds exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, increasing proliferation and wound healing-related growth factor secretion from human dermal fibroblasts. Overall, the HDF-laden 3D electroconductive GelMa/graphene-based hydrogels developed in this study are ideal biomaterials for skin regeneration applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hong Lin
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - En-Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jhen Lin
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Yee Ng
- Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jr Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 404332, Taiwan
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13
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Li NY, Vorrius B, Ge J, Qiao Z, Zhu S, Katarincic J, Chen Q. Matrilin-2 within a three-dimensional lysine-modified chitosan porous scaffold enhances Schwann cell migration and axonal outgrowth for peripheral nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1142610. [PMID: 37223659 PMCID: PMC10201561 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1142610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Matrilin-2 is a key extracellular matrix protein involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. We sought to develop a biomimetic scaffold to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration by incorporating matrilin-2 within a chitosan-derived porous scaffold. We hypothesized that the use of such a novel biomaterial delivers microenvironmental cues to facilitate Schwann cell (SC) migration and enhance axonal outgrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration. Materials and Methods: The effect of matrilin-2 on SC migration was evaluated with agarose drop migration assay on matrilin-2 coated dishes. SC adhesion was determined with SCs cultured atop tissue culture dishes coated with matrilin-2. Various formulations of chitosan vs matrilin-2 in scaffold constructs were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold on SC migration in the collagen conduits was determined by capillary migration assays. Neuronal adhesion and axonal outgrowth were evaluated with three-dimensional (3D) organotypic assay of dorsal root ganglions (DRG). DRG axonal outgrowth within the scaffolds was determined by immunofluorescence staining of neurofilaments. Results: Matrilin-2 induced SC migration and enhanced its adhesion. A formulation of 2% chitosan with matrilin-2 demonstrated an optimal 3D porous architecture for SC interaction. Matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold enabled SCs to migrate against gravity within conduits. Chemical modification of chitosan with lysine (K-chitosan) further improved DRG adhesion and axonal outgrowth than the matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold without lysine modification. Conclusion: We developed a matrilin-2/K-chitosan scaffold to mimic extracellular matrix cues and provide a porous matrix to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration. Taking advantage of matrilin-2's capability to stimulate SC migration and adhesion, we formulated a porous matrilin-2/chitosan scaffold to support axongal outgrowth. Chemical modification of chitosan with lysine further improved matrilin-2 bioactivity in the 3D scaffold. The 3D porous matrilin-2/K-chitosan scaffolds have high potential for enhancing nerve repair by stimulating SC migration, neuronal adhesion, and axonal outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill Y. Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brandon Vorrius
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jonathan Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhen Qiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Julia Katarincic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Nanomedicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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14
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Wang J, Liu Y, Lv M, Zhao X, So KF, Li H, EL-Newehy M, EL-Hamshary H, Morsi Y, Mo X. Regulation of nerve cells using conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for controlled release of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides and nerve growth factor. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad038. [PMID: 37215435 PMCID: PMC10196224 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, more and more patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury due to trauma, tumor and other causes worldwide. Biomaterial-based nerve conduits are increasingly recognized as a potential alternative to nerve autografts for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. However, an ideal nerve conduit must offer topological guidance and biochemical and electrical signal transduction mechanisms. In this work, aligned conductive nanofibrous scaffolds comprising polylactic-co-glycolic acid and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning, and nerve growth factor (NGF) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) purified from the wolfberry were loaded on the core and shell layers of the nanofibers, respectively. LBP were confirmed to accelerate long-distance axon regeneration after severe peripheral nerve injury. In addition, the synergistic promotion of LBP and NGF on nerve cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth was demonstrated. MWCNTs were introduced into the aligned fibers to further increase the electrical conductivity, which promoted the directional growth and neurite extension of neurons in vitro. Further, the combination of conductive fibrous scaffolds with electrical stimulation that mimics endogenous electric fields significantly promoted the differentiation of PC12 cells and the axon outgrowth of neurons. Based on robust cell-induced behaviors, conductive composite fibers with optimized fiber alignment may be used for the promotion of nerve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201306, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Lv
- University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kwok Fai So
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed EL-Newehy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany EL-Hamshary
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, P.O. Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Boroondara, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Xiumei Mo
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (X.M.)
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15
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He C, Lv Q, Liu Z, Long S, Li H, Xiao Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Liu C, Wang Z. Random and aligned electrostatically spun PLLA nanofibrous membranes enhance bone repair in mouse femur midshaft defects. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1582-1592. [PMID: 36662630 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221144220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-segment bone defects are a common clinical challenge and abstract biomaterials are a promising therapy. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrostatic spinning have a good bone repair potential. However, there are random and aligned surface morphologies of electrostatic spun PLLA nanofibrous membranes, which can affect the migration, proliferation, and differentiation ability of cells. The role of surface morphology in the repair of long bone defects in vivo is currently unknown. In this study, random and aligned electrostatically spun PLLA nanofibrous membranes were prepared, characterised, and implanted into a femur midshaft defect mouse model. The ability of electrostatically spun PLLA nanofibrous membranes to enhance bone repair was tested using X-ray photography, high-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and pathological section specimens. The results showed that both random and aligned electrostatically spun PLLA nanofibrous membranes enhanced bone regeneration at bone defects, but the aligned ones exhibited superior results. These results provide a theoretical basis for engineering the surface morphology of bone repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai He
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,The Basic Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong Lv
- Outpatient Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhui Liu
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shengyu Long
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haohan Li
- The First Clinical College of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- The Basic Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingyu Yang
- The Basic Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- The Basic Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cai Liu
- The Basic Medical School of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Provincial Clinical Medical for Bone and Joint Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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16
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Bizeau J, Adam A, Nadal C, Francius G, Siniscalco D, Pauly M, Bégin-Colin S, Mertz D. Protein sustained release from isobutyramide-grafted stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100130. [PMID: 36156982 PMCID: PMC9494245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are great therapeutic candidates as endogenous biomolecules providing a wide range of applications. However, their delivery suffers from some limitations and specifically designed delivery systems having an efficient protein anchoring and delivery strategy are still needed. In this work, we propose to combine large pore stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) with isobutyramide (IBAM), as a “glue” molecule which has been shown promising for immobilization of various biomacromolecules at silica surface. We address here for the first time the ability of such IBAM-modified NPs to sustainably deliver proteins over a prolonged time. In this work, a quantitative loading study of proteins (serum albumin (HSA), peroxidase (HRP), immunoglobulin (IgG) and polylysine (PLL)) on STMS@IBAM is first presented using three complementary detection techniques to ensure precision and avoid protein quantification issues. The results demonstrated a high loading capacity for HSA and HRP (≥ ca. 350 μg.mg−1) but a moderate one for IgG and PLL. After evaluating the physicochemical properties of the loaded particles and their stability over scaling-up and washings, the ability of STMS@IBAM to release proteins over prolonged time was evaluated in equilibrium (static) and flow mimicking (dynamic) conditions and at different temperatures (25, 37, 45 °C). Results show not only the potential of such “glue” functionalized STMS to release proteins in a sustained way, but also the retention of the biological activity of immobilized and released HRP, used as an enzyme model. Finally, an AFM-force spectroscopy study was conducted to decipher the interactions between IBAM and proteins, showing the involvement of different interactions in the adsorption and release processes. Isobutyramide bound stellate mesoporous silica allow the immobilization of various proteins. Protein release was achieved from the nanoparticles in a sustained way in buffer. Peroxidase activity was retained whether in immobilized or released conditions. Choice of protein detection techniques was shown to be crucial. AFM-spectroscopy was used to investigate IBAM-protein intermolecular bonding.
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17
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Lee JJ, Ng HY, Lin YH, Liu EW, Lin TJ, Chiu HT, Ho XR, Yang HA, Shie MY. The 3D printed conductive grooved topography hydrogel combined with electrical stimulation for synergistically enhancing wound healing of dermal fibroblast cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213132. [PMID: 36215748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with extensive cutaneous damage resulting from poor wound healing often have other comorbidities such as diabetes that may lead to impaired skin functions and scar formation. Many recent studies have shown that the application of electrical stimulation (ES) to cutaneous lesions significantly improves skin regeneration via activation of AKT intracellular signaling cascades and secretion of regeneration-related growth factors. In this study, we fabricated varying concentrations of gelatin-methacrylate (GelMa) hydrogels with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), which is a conductive material commonly used in tissue engineering due to its efficiency among conductive thermo-elastic materials. The results showed successful modification of PEDOT:PSS with GelMa while retaining the original structural characteristics of the GelMa hydrogels. In addition, the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS increased the interactions between both the materials, thus leading to enhanced mechanical strength, improved swelling ratio, and decreased hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. Our GelMa/PEDOT:PSS scaffolds were designed to have micro-grooves on the surfaces of the scaffolds for the purpose of directional guiding. In addition, our scaffolds were shown to have excellent electrical conductivity, thus leading to enhanced cellular proliferation and directional migration and orientation of human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo studies revealed that the GelMa/PEDOT:PSS scaffolds with electrical stimulation were able to induce full skin thickness regeneration, as seen from the various stainings. These results indicate the potential of GelMa/PEDOT:PSS as an electro-conductive biomaterial for future skin regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jr Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Yee Ng
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - En-Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Rong Ho
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-An Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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18
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Zheng S, Tian Y, Ouyang J, Shen Y, Wang X, Luan J. Carbon nanomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. Front Chem 2022; 10:990362. [PMID: 36171994 PMCID: PMC9510755 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.990362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are some of the state-of-the-art materials used in drug-delivery and tissue-engineering research. Compared with traditional materials, carbon nanomaterials have the advantages of large specific surface areas and unique properties and are more suitable for use in drug delivery and tissue engineering after modification. Their characteristics, such as high drug loading and tissue loading, good biocompatibility, good targeting and long duration of action, indicate their great development potential for biomedical applications. In this paper, the synthesis and application of carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene in drug delivery and tissue engineering are reviewed in detail. In this review, we discuss the current research focus and existing problems of carbon nanomaterials in order to provide a reference for the safe and effective application of carbon nanomaterials in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolie Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Wang, ; Jian Luan,
| | - Jian Luan
- College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyu Wang, ; Jian Luan,
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19
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Selection and Characterization of Single-Stranded DNA Aptamers of Diagnostic Potential against the Whole Zika Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091867. [PMID: 36146678 PMCID: PMC9504500 DOI: 10.3390/v14091867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus became a major public health problem in early 2015, when cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome and microcephaly were associated with viral infection. Currently, ZIKV is endemic in all tropical areas of the world, and the chance for future Zika epidemics remains very real and accurate diagnosis is crucial. The aim of this work was to select specific ssDNA aptamers that bind to the entire Zika virus and can be used to compose specific diagnostics, without cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Zika virus was cultivated in Vero cells and used as a target for aptamer selection. Aptamers specific for the ZIKV were selected using whole-virus SELEX, with counterselection for other flavivirus. Secondary and tertiary structures were evaluated and the molecular anchoring between the aptamers and target were simulated by the HDOCK server. Aptamer interaction was evaluated by ELISA/ELASA and the dissociation constant (Kd) was calculated by thermophoresis. Four ZIKV-specific aptamers were selected. The best two were further characterized and proved to be specific for ZIKV. Aptamers are capable of binding specifically to the ZIKV and differentiate from Dengue virus. The aptamers selected in this work can be used as capture agents in the composition of diagnostic tests to specifically detect ZIKV infection.
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20
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Zhao G, Zhou H, Jin G, Jin B, Geng S, Luo Z, Ge Z, Xu F. Rational Design of Electrically Conductive Biomaterials toward Excitable Tissues Regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Gold nanorods decorated polycaprolactone/cellulose acetate hybrid scaffold for PC12 cells proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:511-520. [PMID: 35240215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic and natural polymers have recently received considerable attention due to the exclusive potential for supporting the regenerative cellular processes in peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). Gold nanorods (GNRs) decorated polycaprolactone (PCL)/cellulose acetate (CA) nanocomposite (PCL/CA/GNR) were fabricated via electrospinning to improve PC12 cells attachment and growth or scaffold cues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corroborated the GNR distribution (23 ± 2 nm length and 3/1 Aspect ratio) and suitable average dimension of 800 nm for the fibers; also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) represented block-free and smooth fibers without perturbation. Because of gold nanorods incorporation, electrical conductivity of PCL/CA/GNR increased ~21%. Water contact angle data emphasized PCL/CA/GNR surface is more wettable that PCL/CA (<90° at 62 s). Real-time PCR technique (RT-PCR) demonstrated overexpression of β-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) on PCL/CA/GNR compared to PCL/CA composite. Additionally, evaluated of the maturation and neurogenic differentiation of PC12 cells emphasized overexpression of nestin and β-tubulin by Immunocytochemistry staining onto PCL/CA/GNR in comparison to PCL/CA composite. Notably, these recently developed hybrid scaffolds could be considered for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) regeneration.
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Mohammadalizadeh Z, Bahremandi-Toloue E, Karbasi S. Recent advances in modification strategies of pre- and post-electrospinning of nanofiber scaffolds in tissue engineering. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Kiyotake EA, Martin MD, Detamore MS. Regenerative rehabilitation with conductive biomaterials for spinal cord injury. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:43-64. [PMID: 33326879 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The individual approaches of regenerative medicine efforts alone and rehabilitation efforts alone have not yet fully restored function after severe spinal cord injury (SCI). Regenerative rehabilitation may be leveraged to promote regeneration of the spinal cord tissue, and promote reorganization of the regenerated neural pathways and intact spinal circuits for better functional recovery for SCI. Conductive biomaterials may be a linchpin that empowers the synergy between regenerative medicine and rehabilitation approaches, as electrical stimulation applied to the spinal cord could facilitate neural reorganization. In this review, we discuss current regenerative medicine approaches in clinical trials and the rehabilitation, or neuromodulation, approaches for SCI, along with their respective translational limitations. Furthermore, we review the translational potential, in a surgical context, of conductive biomaterials (e.g., conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, metallic nanoparticle-based materials) as they pertain to SCI. While pre-formed scaffolds may be difficult to translate to human contusion SCIs, injectable composites that contain blended conductive components and can form within the injury may be more translational. However, given that there are currently no in vivo SCI studies that evaluated conductive materials combined with rehabilitation approaches, we discuss several limitations of conductive biomaterials, including demonstrating safety and efficacy, that will need to be addressed in the future for conductive biomaterials to become SCI therapeutics. Even so, the use of conductive biomaterials creates a synergistic opportunity to merge the fields of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation and redefine what regenerative rehabilitation means for the spinal cord. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: For spinal cord injury (SCI), the individual approaches of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation are insufficient to fully restore functional recovery; however, the goal of regenerative rehabilitation is to combine these two disparate fields to maximize the functional outcomes. Concepts similar to regenerative rehabilitation for SCI have been discussed in several reviews, but for the first time, this review considers how conductive biomaterials may synergize the two approaches. We cover current regenerative medicine and rehabilitation approaches for SCI, and the translational advantages and disadvantages, in a surgical context, of conductive biomaterials used in biomedical applications that may be additionally applied to SCI. Furthermore, we identify the current limitations and translational challenges for conductive biomaterials before they may become therapeutics for SCI.
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Wei Q, Wang S, Han F, Wang H, Zhang W, Yu Q, Liu C, Ding L, Wang J, Yu L, Zhu C, Li B, Bl, Cz, Cz, Cz, Qw, Sw, Fh, Hw, Wz, Qy, Cl, Ld, Jw, Ly, Cz, Qw. Cellular modulation by the mechanical cues from biomaterials for tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2021; 2:323-342. [PMID: 35837415 PMCID: PMC9255801 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment are known to be significant in modulating the fate of stem cells to guide developmental processes and maintain bodily homeostasis. Tissue engineering has provided a promising approach to the repair or regeneration of damaged tissues. Scaffolds are fundamental in cell-based regenerative therapies. Developing artificial ECM that mimics the mechanical properties of native ECM would greatly help to guide cell functions and thus promote tissue regeneration. In this review, we introduce various mechanical cues provided by the ECM including elasticity, viscoelasticity, topography, and external stimuli, and their effects on cell behaviours. Meanwhile, we discuss the underlying principles and strategies to develop natural or synthetic biomaterials with different mechanical properties for cellular modulation, and explore the mechanism by which the mechanical cues from biomaterials regulate cell function toward tissue regeneration. We also discuss the challenges in multimodal mechanical modulation of cell behaviours and the interplay between mechanical cues and other microenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qifan Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Luguang Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,Corresponding authors: Caihong Zhu, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China,China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,Corresponding authors: Caihong Zhu, ; Bin Li,
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Czerwińska-Główka D, Skonieczna M, Barylski A, Golba S, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Cwalina B, Krukiewicz K. Bifunctional conducting polymer matrices with antibacterial and neuroprotective effects. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 144:108030. [PMID: 34896782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in the field of neural tissue engineering include the design of advanced biomaterials combining excellent electrochemical performance with versatile biological characteristics. The purpose of this work was to develop an antibacterial and neuroprotective coating based on a conducting polymer - poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP), loaded with an antibiotic agent - tetracycline (Tc). Employing an electrochemical technique to immobilize Tc within a growing polymer matrix allowed to fabricate robust PEDOP/Tc coatings with a high charge storage capacity (63.65 ± 6.05 mC/cm2), drug release efficiency (629.4 µg/cm2 ± 62.7 µg/cm2), and low charge transfer resistance (2.4 ± 0.1 kΩ), able to deliver a stable electrical signal. PEDOP/Tc were found to exhibit strong antimicrobial effects against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, expressed through negligible adhesion, reduction in viability, and a characteristic elongation of bacterial cells. Cytocompatibility and neuroprotective effects were evaluated using a rat neuroblastoma B35 cell line, and were analyzed using MTT, cell cycle, and Annexin-V apoptosis assays. The presence of Tc was found to enhance neural cell viability and neurite outgrowth. The results confirmed that PEDOP/Tc can serve as an efficient neural electrode coating able to enhance charge transfer, as well as to exhibit bifunctional biological characteristics, different for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adrian Barylski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Cwalina
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S.Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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26
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Khan ZM, Wilts E, Vlaisavljevich E, Long TE, Verbridge SS. Electroresponsive Hydrogels for Therapeutic Applications in the Brain. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100355. [PMID: 34800348 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroresponsive hydrogels possess a conducting material component and respond to electric stimulation through reversible absorption and expulsion of water. The high level of hydration, soft elastomeric compliance, biocompatibility, and enhanced electrochemical properties render these hydrogels suitable for implantation in the brain to enhance the transmission of neural electric signals and ion transport. This review provides an overview of critical electroresponsive hydrogel properties for augmenting electric stimulation in the brain. A background on electric stimulation in the brain through electroresponsive hydrogels is provided. Common conducting materials and general techniques to integrate them into hydrogels are briefly discussed. This review focuses on and summarizes advances in electric stimulation of electroconductive hydrogels for therapeutic applications in the brain, such as for controlling delivery of drugs, directing neural stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis, improving neural biosensor capabilities, and enhancing neural electrode-tissue interfaces. The key challenges in each of these applications are discussed and recommendations for future research are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerin M Khan
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Emily Wilts
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eli Vlaisavljevich
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Timothy E Long
- Biodesign Center for Sustainable Macromolecular Materials and Manufacturing, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Virginia Tech - Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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27
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Pinho TS, Cunha CB, Lanceros-Méndez S, Salgado AJ. Electroactive Smart Materials for Neural Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6604-6618. [PMID: 35006964 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Repair in the human nervous system is a complex and intertwined process that offers significant challenges to its study and comprehension. Taking advantage of the progress in fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the scientific community has witnessed a strong increase of biomaterial-based approaches for neural tissue regenerative therapies. Electroactive materials, increasingly being used as sensors and actuators, also find application in neurosciences due to their ability to deliver electrical signals to the cells and tissues. The use of electrical signals for repairing impaired neural tissue therefore presents an interesting and innovative approach to bridge the gap between fundamental research and clinical applications in the next few years. In this review, first a general overview of electroactive materials, their historical origin, and characteristics are presented. Then a comprehensive view of the applications of electroactive smart materials for neural tissue regeneration is presented, with particular focus on the context of spinal cord injury and brain repair. Finally, the major challenges of the field are discussed and the main challenges for the near future presented. Overall, it is concluded that electroactive smart materials play an ever-increasing role in neural tissue regeneration, appearing as potentially valuable biomaterials for regenerative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Pinho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristiana B Cunha
- Stemmatters, Biotecnologia e Medicina Regenerativa SA, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Center of Physics, University of Minho, 4710-058 Braga, Portugal.,BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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28
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Sun W, Taylor CS, Zhang Y, Gregory DA, Tomeh MA, Haycock JW, Smith PJ, Wang F, Xia Q, Zhao X. Cell guidance on peptide micropatterned silk fibroin scaffolds. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:380-390. [PMID: 34186409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Guiding neuronal cell growth is desirable for neural tissue engineering but is very challenging. In this work, a self-assembling ultra-short surfactant-like peptide I3K which possesses positively charged lysine head groups, and hydrophobic isoleucine tails, was chosen to investigate its potential for guiding neuronal cell growth. The peptides were able to self-assemble into nanofibrous structures and interact strongly with silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, providing a niche for neural cell attachment and proliferation. SF is an excellent biomaterial for tissue engineering. However neuronal cells, such as rat PC12 cells, showed poor attachment on pure regenerated SF (RSF) scaffold surfaces. Patterning of I3K peptide nanofibers on RSF surfaces significantly improved cellular attachment, cellular density, as well as morphology of PC12 cells. The live / dead assay confirmed that RSF and I3K have negligible cytotoxicity against PC12 cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to image the topography and neurite formation of PC12 cells, where results revealed that self-assembled I3K nanofibers can support the formation of PC12 cell neurites. Immunolabelling also demonstrated that coating of I3K nanofibers onto the RSF surfaces not only increased the percentage of cells bearing neurites but also increased the average maximum neurite length. Therefore, the peptide I3K could be used as an alternative to poly-l-lysine for cell culture and tissue engineering applications. As micro-patterning of neural cells to guide neurite growth is important for developing nerve tissue engineering scaffolds, inkjet printing was used to pattern self-assembled I3K peptide nanofibers on RSF surfaces for directional control of PC12 cell growth. The results demonstrated that inkjet-printed peptide micro-patterns can effectively guide the cell alignment and organization on RSF scaffold surfaces, providing great potential for nerve regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Caroline S Taylor
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - David A Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - John W Haycock
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Patrick J Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4BJ, UK
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Centre, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Centre, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK; School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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29
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Chen T, Jiang H, Zhu Y, Chen X, Zhang D, Li X, Shen F, Xia H, Min Y, Xie K. Highly Ordered 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds as a Versatile Culture Platform for Nerve Cells Growth. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100047. [PMID: 33893711 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds provide an encouraging alternative for nerve injuries due to their biological support for nerve cell growth, which can be used for neuronal repair. Nerve cells have been reported to be mostly cultured on 2D scaffolds that cannot mimic the native extracellular matrix. Herein, highly ordered 3D scaffolds are fabricated for nerve cell culture by melt electrospinning writing, the microstructures and geometries of the scaffolds could be well modulated. An effective strategy for scaffold surface modification to promote nerve cell growth is proposed. The effects of scaffolds with different surface modifications, viz., plasma treatment, single poly-D-lysine (PDL) coating after plasma treatment, single laminin (LM) coating after plasma treatment, double PDL and LM coatings after plasma treatment, on PC12 cell growth are evaluated. Experiments show the scaffold modified with double PDL and LM coatings after plasma treatment facilitated the growth of PC12 cells most effectively, indicating the synergistic effect of PDL and LM on the growth of nerve cells. This is the first systematic and quantitative study of the effects of different scaffold surface modifications on nerve cell growth. The above results provide a versatile culture platform for growing nerve cells, and for recovery from peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkuo Chen
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yibin Zhu
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xueliu Chen
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dao Zhang
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fangcheng Shen
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongyan Xia
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yonggang Min
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kang Xie
- Dongyuan Synergy Innovation Institute for Modern Industries of GDUT, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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30
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An D, Fu J, Xie Z, Xing C, Zhang B, Wang B, Qiu M. Progress in the therapeutic applications of polymer-decorated black phosphorus and black phosphorus analog nanomaterials in biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:7076-7120. [PMID: 32648567 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wonderful black phosphorus (BP) and some BP analogs (BPAs) have been increasingly studied for their biomedical applications owing to their fascinating properties and biodegradability, but opportunities and challenges have always coexisted in their study. Poor stability upon exposure to the natural environment is the major obstacle hampering their in vivo applications. BP/polymer and BPAs/polymer nanocomposites can not only efficiently prevent their oxidation and aggregation but also exhibit "biological activity" due to synergistic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the synthesis methods and stability strategies of BP/polymer and BPAs/polymer. Then, advances pertaining to their exciting therapeutic applications in various fields are systematically introduced, such as cancer therapy (phototherapy, drug delivery, and synergistic immunotherapy), bone regeneration, and neurogenesis. Some challenges for future clinical trials and possible directions for further study are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Jianye Fu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, Shenzhen 518116, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Xing
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Meng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China.
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Huang Z, Sun M, Li Y, Guo Z, Li H. Reduced graphene oxide-coated electrospun fibre: effect of orientation, coverage and electrical stimulation on Schwann cells behavior. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2656-2665. [PMID: 33634296 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrical signals are present in the extracellular spaces between neural cells. To mimic the electrophysiological environment for peripheral nerve regeneration, this study was intended to investigate how conductive graphene-based fibrous scaffolds with aligned topography regulate Schwann cell behavior in vitro via electrical stimulation (ES). To this end, randomly- and uniaxially-aligned polycaprolactone fibrous scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, followed by coating with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via vacuum filteration. SEM revealed that rGO was successfully coated on the fibers without changing their alignment, and also brought about an improvement in mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. The electrical conductivity of the rGO-coated fibrous scaffold was up to 0.105 S m-1. When Schwann cells were seeded on the scaffolds and stimulated by 10 mV in vitro, it was found that either the alignment of the fibers or ES led to a higher level of proliferation and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression of Schwann cells. Further, ES at the aligned fibrous topography enhanced the expression of NGF, the proliferation of Schwann cells, and enhanced the cell migration rate by more than 60% compared to either ES or the oriented fibers alone. The application of exogenous electric cues mediated by templated biomaterials provides profound insights for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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32
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The effects of alignment and diameter of electrospun fibers on the cellular behaviors and osteogenesis of BMSCs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111787. [PMID: 33545913 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrospun fiber scaffolds, due to their mimicry of bone extracellular matrix (ECM), have become an important biomaterial widely applied in bone tissue engineering in recent years. While topographic cues of electrospun membranes such as alignment and diameter played vital roles in determining cellular behaviors. Yet few researches about the effects of these two significant parameters on osteogenesis have been reported. Thus, the present work explored the influence of aligned and random poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fiber matrices with diameters of nanoscale (0.6 μm) and microscale (1.2 μm), respectively, on cellular responses of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and osteogenesis. Our results revealed that aligned nanofibers (AN) could affect cell morphology and promote the migration of BMSCs after 24 h of cell culturing. Besides, AN group was observed to possess excellent biocompatibility and have significantly improved cell growth comparing with random nanofibers. More importantly, in vitro osteogenesis researches including ALP and Alizarin Red S staining, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that BMSCs culturing on AN group exhibited higher osteogenic induction proficiency than that on aligned microfibers (AM) and random fiber substrates (RN and RM). Accordingly, aligned nanofiber scaffolds have greater application potential in bone tissue engineering.
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Wang W, Hou Y, Martinez D, Kurniawan D, Chiang WH, Bartolo P. Carbon Nanomaterials for Electro-Active Structures: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2946. [PMID: 33317211 PMCID: PMC7764097 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electrically conductive materials to impart electrical properties to substrates for cell attachment proliferation and differentiation represents an important strategy in the field of tissue engineering. This paper discusses the concept of electro-active structures and their roles in tissue engineering, accelerating cell proliferation and differentiation, consequently leading to tissue regeneration. The most relevant carbon-based materials used to produce electro-active structures are presented, and their main advantages and limitations are discussed in detail. Particular emphasis is put on the electrically conductive property, material synthesis and their applications on tissue engineering. Different technologies, allowing the fabrication of two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures in a controlled way, are also presented. Finally, challenges for future research are highlighted. This review shows that electrical stimulation plays an important role in modulating the growth of different types of cells. As highlighted, carbon nanomaterials, especially graphene and carbon nanotubes, have great potential for fabricating electro-active structures due to their exceptional electrical and surface properties, opening new routes for more efficient tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Yanhao Hou
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Dean Martinez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei E2-514, Taiwan; (D.M.); (D.K.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (Y.H.); (P.B.)
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Morad T, Hendler RM, Canji E, Weiss OE, Sion G, Minnes R, Polaq AHG, Merfeld I, Dubinsky Z, Nesher E, Baranes D. Aragonite-Polylysine: Neuro-Regenerative Scaffolds with Diverse Effects on Astrogliosis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2850. [PMID: 33260420 PMCID: PMC7760860 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials, especially when coated with adhesive polymers, are a key tool for restorative medicine, being biocompatible and supportive for cell adherence, growth, and function. Aragonite skeletons of corals are biomaterials that support survival and growth of a range of cell types, including neurons and glia. However, it is not known if this scaffold affects neural cell migration or elongation of neuronal and astrocytic processes, prerequisites for initiating repair of damage in the nervous system. To address this, hippocampal cells were aggregated into neurospheres and cultivated on aragonite skeleton of the coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Coral Skeleton (CS)), on naturally occurring aragonite (Geological Aragonite (GA)), and on glass, all pre-coated with the oligomer poly-D-lysine (PDL). The two aragonite matrices promoted equally strong cell migration (4.8 and 4.3-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and axonal sprouting (1.96 and 1.95-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). However, CS-PDL had a stronger effect than GA-PDL on the promotion of astrocytic processes elongation (1.7 vs. 1.2-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (3.8 vs. and 1.8-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). These differences are likely to emerge from a reaction of astrocytes to the degree of roughness of the surface of the scaffold, which is higher on CS than on GA. Hence, CS-PDL and GA-PDL are scaffolds of strong capacity to derive neural cell movements and growth required for regeneration, while controlling the extent of astrocytic involvement. As such, implants of PDL-aragonites have significant potential as tools for damage repair and the reduction of scar formation in the brain following trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzachy Morad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Roni Mina Hendler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Eyal Canji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Orly Eva Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Guy Sion
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Institute for Land Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 789, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, NSW 2642, Australia
| | - Refael Minnes
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel;
| | - Ania Hava Grushchenko Polaq
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Ido Merfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
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Li M, Wang X, Rajagopalan P, Zhang L, Zhan S, Huang S, Li W, Zeng X, Ye Q, Liu Y, Zhong K, Kim JM, Luo J, Dong S, Gu R, Wang X, Tan WQ. Toward Controlled Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing Based on a Precision Layered Skin Model. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8901-8910. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province PR China
| | - Pandey Rajagopalan
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shijie Zhan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Shuyi Huang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiangyu Zeng
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qikai Ye
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yulu Liu
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Jikui Luo
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shurong Dong
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rongcheng Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of ISEE, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Tan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province PR China
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Alvarado-Hidalgo F, Ramírez-Sánchez K, Starbird-Perez R. Smart Porous Multi-Stimulus Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Molecules 2020; 25:E5286. [PMID: 33202707 PMCID: PMC7697121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies have evaluated smart biomaterials as implantable scaffolds and their interaction with cells for biomedical applications. Porous materials have been used in tissue engineering as synthetic extracellular matrices, promoting the attachment and migration of host cells to induce the in vitro regeneration of different tissues. Biomimetic 3D scaffold systems allow control over biophysical and biochemical cues, modulating the extracellular environment through mechanical, electrical, and biochemical stimulation of cells, driving their molecular reprogramming. In this review, first we outline the main advantages of using polysaccharides as raw materials for porous scaffolds, as well as the most common processing pathways to obtain the adequate textural properties, allowing the integration and attachment of cells. The second approach focuses on the tunable characteristics of the synthetic matrix, emphasizing the effect of their mechanical properties and the modification with conducting polymers in the cell response. The use and influence of polysaccharide-based porous materials as drug delivery systems for biochemical stimulation of cells is also described. Overall, engineered biomaterials are proposed as an effective strategy to improve in vitro tissue regeneration and future research directions of modified polysaccharide-based materials in the biomedical field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarado-Hidalgo
- Centro de Investigación en Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, CEQIATEC, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Master Program in Medical Devices Engineering, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Karla Ramírez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, CEQIATEC, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, CIET, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Ricardo Starbird-Perez
- Centro de Investigación en Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos, CEQIATEC, Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago 159-7050, Costa Rica
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Wang J, Xiong H, Zhu T, Liu Y, Pan H, Fan C, Zhao X, Lu WW. Bioinspired Multichannel Nerve Guidance Conduit Based on Shape Memory Nanofibers for Potential Application in Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12579-12595. [PMID: 32786254 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Repairing peripheral nerve injury, especially long-range defects of thick nerves, is a great challenge in the clinic due to their limited regeneration capability. Most FDA-approved nerve guidance conduits with large hollow lumen are only suitable for short lesions, and their effects are unsatisfactory in repairing long gaps of thick nerves. Multichannel nerve guidance conduits have been shown to offer better regeneration of long nerve defects. However, existing approaches of fabricating multichannel nerve conduits are usually complicated and time-consuming. Inspired by the intelligent responsive shaping process of shape memory polymers, in this study, a self-forming multichannel nerve guidance conduit with topographical cues was constructed based on a degradable shape memory PLATMC polymer. With an initial tubular shape obtained by a high-temperature molding process, the electrospun shape memory nanofibrous mat could be temporarily formed into a planar shape for cell loading to realize the uniform distribution of cells. Then triggered by a physical temperature around 37 °C, it could automatically restore its permanent tubular shape to form the multichannel conduit. This multichannel conduit exhibits better performance in terms of cell growth and the repair of rat sciatic nerve defects. These results reveal that self-forming nerve conduits can be realized based on shape memory polymers; thus, the fabricated bioinspired multichannel nerve guidance conduit has great potential in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Tonghe Zhu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P.R. China
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Dos Santos DM, Correa DS, Medeiros ES, Oliveira JE, Mattoso LHC. Advances in Functional Polymer Nanofibers: From Spinning Fabrication Techniques to Recent Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:45673-45701. [PMID: 32937068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional polymeric micro-/nanofibers have emerged as promising materials for the construction of structures potentially useful in biomedical fields. Among all kinds of technologies to produce polymer fibers, spinning methods have gained considerable attention. Herein, we provide a recent review on advances in the design of micro- and nanofibrous platforms via spinning techniques for biomedical applications. Specifically, we emphasize electrospinning, solution blow spinning, centrifugal spinning, and microfluidic spinning approaches. We first introduce the fundamentals of these spinning methods and then highlight the potential biomedical applications of such micro- and nanostructured fibers for drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and sensing/biosensing. Finally, we outline the current challenges and future perspectives of spinning techniques for the practical applications of polymer fibers in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo M Dos Santos
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Correa
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliton S Medeiros
- Materials and Biosystems Laboratory (LAMAB), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMAT), Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, 58.051-900, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Juliano E Oliveira
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Embrapa Instrumentação, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with unique graphitic structure, superior mechanical, electrical, optical and biological properties, has attracted more and more interests in biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensor and tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the role of CNTs and their polymeric composites in tissue engineering applications, with emphasis on their usages in the nerve, cardiac and bone tissue regenerations. The intrinsic natures of CNTs including their physical and chemical properties are first introduced, explaining the structure effects on CNTs electrical conductivity and various functionalization of CNTs to improve their hydrophobic characteristics. Biosafety issues of CNTs are also discussed in detail including the potential reasons to induce the toxicity and their potential strategies to minimise the toxicity effects. Several processing strategies including solution-based processing, polymerization, melt-based processing and grafting methods are presented to show the 2D/3D construct formations using the polymeric composite containing CNTs. For the sake of improving mechanical, electrical and biological properties and minimising the potential toxicity effects, recent advances using polymer/CNT composite the tissue engineering applications are displayed and they are mainly used in the neural tissue (to improve electrical conductivity and biological properties), cardiac tissue (to improve electrical, elastic properties and biological properties) and bone tissue (to improve mechanical properties and biological properties). Current limitations of CNTs in the tissue engineering are discussed and the corresponded future prospective are also provided. Overall, this review indicates that CNTs are promising “next-generation” materials for future biomedical applications.
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Ghosh S, Haldar S, Gupta S, Bisht A, Chauhan S, Kumar V, Roy P, Lahiri D. Anisotropically Conductive Biodegradable Scaffold with Coaxially Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Directional Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5796-5812. [PMID: 35021810 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fascicular rearrangement of an injured peripheral nerve requires reconnection of nerve sprouts from anterior and Büngner bands from distal sides of the lesion, failing to which leads to inefficient regeneration of the injured nerve. However, existing neural scaffolds have limited neuroregeneration efficiency because of either the lack of alignment of fibers and a conductive second phase, leading to compromised electrical conductivity, or the lack of extracellular matrix components and in vivo validation. The present study reports a biocompatible, multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced, anisotropically conductive, electrospun, aligned nanofibrous scaffold, ensuring maximal peripheral nerve regeneration. Electrospinning parameters were modulated to deposit random and parallel fibers in separate scaffolds for comparative analysis on the effect of fiber alignment on regeneration. Both types of scaffolds were reinforced with MWCNTs to impart electrical conductivity. Nonreinforced scaffolds were nonconductive. In this comparative study, MWCNT-reinforced, aligned scaffolds showed better tensile property with increased conductivity along the direction of alignment, thereby ensuring an escalated neural-regeneration rate. Collectively, in vitro studies established the scaffolds to be highly biocompatible, promoting cell growth and proliferation. With 85% more anisotropic conductivity in the direction of the alignment and the degradation kinetics tuned to the regeneration regime, the MWCNT-reinforced, aligned scaffold efficiently healed injured sciatic nerves in rats within 30 days. Rigorous revivification of the tissue was due to coordinated Wallerian degeneration and expedited guided axonal regeneration. Structural and functional analysis of nerves in vivo showed the aligned, MWCNT-reinforced scaffold to be very efficient in peripheral sciatic nerve regeneration. This study notes the efficacy of the coaxially aligned, MWCNT-reinforced neural scaffold, with a capability of establishing remarkable advancement in the field of peripheral neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Swati Haldar
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharshi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Ankita Bisht
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharshi Markandeshwar University (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Lab, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Ghane N, Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Das O, Ramakrishna S. Regeneration of the peripheral nerve via multifunctional electrospun scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:437-452. [PMID: 32856425 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, electrospun scaffolds have proved to be advantageous in the field of nerve tissue regeneration by connecting the cavity among the proximal and distal nerve stumps growth cones and leading to functional recovery after injury. Multifunctional nanofibrous structure of these scaffolds provides enormous potential by combining the advantages of nano-scale topography, and biological science. In these structures, selecting the appropriate materials, designing an optimized structure, modifying the surface to enhance biological functions and neurotrophic factors loading, and native cell-like stem cells should be considered as the essential factors. In this systematic review paper, the fabrication methods for the preparation of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds in yarn or conduit architecture are reviewed. Subsequently, the utilized polymeric materials, including natural, synthetic and blend are presented. Finally, their surface modification techniques, as well as, the recent advances and outcomes of the scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ghane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Khalili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Oisik Das
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
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Barati D, Watkins K, Wang Z, Yang F. Injectable and Crosslinkable PLGA-Based Microribbons as 3D Macroporous Stem Cell Niche. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905820. [PMID: 32338432 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been widely used as a tissue engineering scaffold. However, conventional PLGA scaffolds are not injectable, and do not support direct cell encapsulation, leading to poor cell distribution in 3D. Here, a method for fabricating injectable and intercrosslinkable PLGA microribbon-based macroporous scaffolds as 3D stem cell niche is reported. PLGA is first fabricated into microribbon-shape building blocks with tunable width using microcontact printing, then coated with fibrinogen to enhance solubility and injectability using aqueous solution. Upon mixing with thrombin, firbornogen-coated PLGA microribbons can intercrosslink into 3D scaffolds. When subject to cyclic compression, PLGA microribbon scaffolds exhibit great shock-absorbing capacity and return to their original shape, while conventional PLGA scaffolds exhibit permanent deformation after one cycle. Using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a model cell type, it is demonstrated that PLGA μRB scaffolds support homogeneous cell encapsulation, and robust cell spreading and proliferation in 3D. After 28 days of culture in osteogenic medium, hMSC-seeded PLGA μRB scaffolds exhibit an increase in compressive modulus and robust bone formation as shown by staining of alkaline phosphatase, mineralization, and collagen. Together, the results validate PLGA μRBs as a promising injectable, macroporous, non-hydrogel-based scaffold for cell delivery and tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Barati
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kira Watkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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43
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Fusaro L, Calvo Catoira M, Ramella M, Sacco Botto F, Talmon M, Fresu LG, Hidalgo-Bastida A, Boccafoschi F. Polylysine Enriched Matrices: A Promising Approach for Vascular Grafts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:281. [PMID: 32318560 PMCID: PMC7147808 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death in developed countries. Modern surgical methods show poor efficiency in the substitution of small-diameter arteries (<6 mm). Due to the difference in mechanical properties between the native artery and the substitute, the behavior of the vessel wall is a major cause of inefficient substitutions. The use of decellularized scaffolds has shown optimal prospects in different applications for regenerative medicine. The purpose of this work was to obtain polylysine-enriched vascular substitutes, derived from decellularized porcine femoral and carotid arteries. Polylysine acts as a matrix cross-linker, increasing the mechanical resistance of the scaffold with respect to decellularized vessels, without altering the native biocompatibility and hemocompatibility properties. The biological characterization showed an excellent biocompatibility, while mechanical tests displayed that the Young's modulus of the polylysine-enriched matrix was comparable to native vessel. Burst pressure test demonstrated strengthening of the polylysine-enriched matrix, which can resist to higher pressures with respect to native vessel. Mechanical analyses also show that polylysine-enriched vessels presented minimal degradation compared to native. Concerning hemocompatibility, the performed analyses show that polylysine-enriched matrices increase coagulation time, with respect to commercial Dacron vascular substitutes. Based on these findings, polylysine-enriched decellularized vessels resulted in a promising approach for vascular substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Calvo Catoira
- Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy.,Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Martina Ramella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Sacco Botto
- Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Araida Hidalgo-Bastida
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Surface Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy.,Tissuegraft srl, Novara, Italy
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44
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Villanueva-Flores F, Castro-Lugo A, Ramírez OT, Palomares LA. Understanding cellular interactions with nanomaterials: towards a rational design of medical nanodevices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:132002. [PMID: 31770746 PMCID: PMC7105107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5bc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical applications increasingly require fully characterized new nanomaterials. There is strong evidence showing that nanomaterials not only interact with cells passively but also actively, mediating essential molecular processes for the regulation of cellular functions, but we are only starting to understand the mechanisms of those interactions. Systematic studies about cell behavior as a response to specific nanoparticle properties are scarce in the literature even when they are necessary for the rational design of medical nanodevices. Information in the literature shows that the physicochemical properties determine the bioactivity, biocompatibility, and safety of nanomaterials. The information available regarding the interaction and responses of cells to nanomaterials has not been analyzed and discussed in a single document. Hence, in this review, we present the latest advances about cellular responses to nanomaterials and integrate the available information into concrete considerations for the development of innovative, efficient, specific and, more importantly, safe biomedical nanodevices. We focus on how physicochemical nanoparticle properties (size, chemical surface, shape, charge, and topography) influence cell behavior in a first attempt to provide a practical guide for designing medical nanodevices, avoiding common experimental omissions that may lead to data misinterpretation. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the systematic study of nano-bio interactions to acquire sufficient reproducible information that allows accurate control of cell behavior based on tuning of nanomaterial properties. This information is useful to guide the design of specific nanodevices and nanomaterials to elicit desired cell responses, like targeting, drug delivery, cell attachment, differentiation, etc, or to avoid undesired side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Villanueva-Flores
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ave. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
Villanueva-Flores F: ; Castro-Lugo A: ; Ramírez O: ; Palomares L:
| | - Andrés Castro-Lugo
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ave. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
Villanueva-Flores F: ; Castro-Lugo A: ; Ramírez O: ; Palomares L:
| | - Octavio T Ramírez
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ave. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
Villanueva-Flores F: ; Castro-Lugo A: ; Ramírez O: ; Palomares L:
| | - Laura A Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ave. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, México
Villanueva-Flores F: ; Castro-Lugo A: ; Ramírez O: ; Palomares L:
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Angulo-Pineda C, Srirussamee K, Palma P, Fuenzalida VM, Cartmell SH, Palza H. Electroactive 3D Printed Scaffolds Based on Percolated Composites of Polycaprolactone With Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide for Antibacterial and Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E428. [PMID: 32121237 PMCID: PMC7152842 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Applying electrical stimulation (ES) could affect different cellular mechanisms, thereby producing a bactericidal effect and an increase in human cell viability. Despite its relevance, this bioelectric effect has been barely reported in percolated conductive biopolymers. In this context, electroactive polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with conductive Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (TrGO) nanoparticles were obtained by a 3D printing method. Under direct current (DC) along the percolated scaffolds, a strong antibacterial effect was observed, which completely eradicated S. aureus on the surface of scaffolds. Notably, the same ES regime also produced a four-fold increase in the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells attached to the 3D conductive PCL/TrGO scaffold compared with the pure PCL scaffold. These results have widened the design of novel electroactive composite polymers that could both eliminate the bacteria adhered to the scaffold and increase human cell viability, which have great potential in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Angulo-Pineda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
- Millenium Nuclei in Soft Smart Mechanical Metamaterials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
| | - Kasama Srirussamee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Patricia Palma
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile;
| | | | - Sarah H. Cartmell
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Humberto Palza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
- Millenium Nuclei in Soft Smart Mechanical Metamaterials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370456, Chile
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Shitole AA, Raut P, Giram P, Rade P, Khandwekar A, Garnaik B, Sharma N. Poly (vinylpyrrolidone)‑iodine engineered poly (ε-caprolactone) nanofibers as potential wound dressing materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110731. [PMID: 32204042 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Facilitating the process of wound healing and effective treatment of wounds remains a serious challenge in healthcare. Wound dressing materials play a major role in the protection of wounds and in accelerating the natural healing process. In the present study, novel core/shell (c/s) nanofibrous mats of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)‑iodine (PVPI) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were fabricated using a co-axial electrospinning process followed by their surface modification with poly-l-lysine. The developed nanofibrous mats were extensively characterized for their physicochemical properties using various analytical techniques. The core/shell structure of the PVP-I/PCL nanofibers was confirmed using TEM analysis. The PVP-I release studies showed an initial burst phase followed by a sustained release pattern of PVP-I over a period of 30 days. The developed nanofibers exhibited higher BSA and fibrinogen adsorption as compared to pristine PCL. Cytotoxicity studies using MTT assay demonstrated that the PVP-I/PCL (c/s) nanofibers were cytocompatible at optimized PVP-I concentration (3 wt%). The PCL-poly-l-lysine and PVP-I/PCL-poly-l-lysine nanofibers exhibited higher cell viability (24.2% and 21.4% higher at day 7) when compared to uncoated PCL and PVP-I/PCL nanofibers. The PVP-I/PCL nanofibers showed excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. The inflammatory response of Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage cells towards the nanofibers was studied using RT-PCR. It revealed that the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were significantly upregulated on PCL nanofibers, while their expression was comparatively lower on poly-l-lysine coated PCL or PVP-I/PCL(c/s) nanofibers. Overall, the study highlights the ability of poly-l-lysine coated PVP-I/PCL (c/s) nanofibers as potential wound dressing materials effectively facilitating the early stage wound healing and repair process by virtue of their selective modulation of inflammation, cell adhesion and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya A Shitole
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Raut
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prabhanjan Giram
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Rade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anand Khandwekar
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University (ADYPU), Charholi Budruk, Pune 412105, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Baijayantimala Garnaik
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeti Sharma
- School of Engineering, Ajeenkya DY Patil University (ADYPU), Charholi Budruk, Pune 412105, Maharashtra, India.
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47
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Lin CC, Chang JJ, Yung MC, Huang WC, Chen SY. Spontaneously Micropatterned Silk/Gelatin Scaffolds with Topographical, Biological, and Electrical Stimuli for Neuronal Regulation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1144-1153. [PMID: 33464846 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective integration of stimulation and direction in bionic scaffolds by materials and microstructure design has been the focus in the advancement of nerve regeneration. Hydrogels are the most promising biomimicked materials used in developing nerve grafts, but the highly hydrated networks limit the fabrication of hydrogel materials into complex biomedical devices. Herein, facile lithography-free and spontaneously micropatterned techniques were used to fabricate a smart protein hydrogel-based scaffold, which carried topographical, electrical, and chemical induction for neural regulation. The synthesized tissue-mimicked silk-gelatin (SG)/polylactic acid bilayer system can self-form three-dimensional ordered corrugation micropatterns with well-defined dimensions (wavelength, λ) based on the stress-induced topography. Through magnetically and topographically guided deposition of the synthesized nerve growth factor-incorporated Fe3O4-graphene nanoparticles (GFPNs), a biologically and electrically conductive cell passage with one-dimensional directionality was constructed to allow for a controllable constrained geometric effect on neuronal adhesion, differentiation, and neurite orientation. Particularly, the SG with corrugation patterns of λ ≈ 30 μm resulted in the optimal cell adhesion and differentiation in response to the pattern guidance. Furthermore, the additional electrical stimulation applied on GFPN-deposited SG resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the neurite elongation by day 7, finally leading to the neuronal connection by day 21. Such a hydrogel device with synergistic effects of physical and chemical enhancement on neuronal activity provides an expectable opportunity in the development of next-generation nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Jing Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chi Yung
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, R.O.C.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, R.O.C
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48
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Amani H, Kazerooni H, Hassanpoor H, Akbarzadeh A, Pazoki-Toroudi H. Tailoring synthetic polymeric biomaterials towards nerve tissue engineering: a review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3524-3539. [PMID: 31437011 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1639723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is known as a crucial part of the body and derangement in this system can cause potentially lethal consequences or serious side effects. Unfortunately, the nervous system is unable to rehabilitate damaged regions following seriously debilitating disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury and brain trauma which, in turn, lead to the reduction of quality of life for the patient. Major challenges in restoring the damaged nervous system are low regenerative capacity and the complexity of physiology system. Synthetic polymeric biomaterials with outstanding properties such as excellent biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity find a wide range of applications in biomedical fields especially neural implants and nerve tissue engineering scaffolds. Despite these advancements, tailoring polymeric biomaterials for design of a desired scaffold is fundamental issue that needs tremendous attention to promote the therapeutic benefits and minimize adverse effects. This review aims to (i) describe the nervous system and related injuries. Then, (ii) nerve tissue engineering strategies are discussed and (iii) physiochemical properties of synthetic polymeric biomaterials systematically highlighted. Moreover, tailoring synthetic polymeric biomaterials for nerve tissue engineering is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hanif Kazerooni
- Biotechnology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Hassanpoor
- Department of Cognitive Science, Dade Pardazi, Shenakht Mehvar, Atynegar (DSA) Institute , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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49
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Cheng H, Jin W, Huang X, Liu X, Wang F, Guo X, Wu Y, Ying Y, Wen Y, Yang H. A flexible carbon nanotube-modified poly(styrene-butadiene)-based dopamine sensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:015505. [PMID: 31509820 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a multi-walled carbon nanotube-modified flexible poly(styrene-butadiene) fiber membrane material was prepared for the sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine (DA) in human serum and DA injection. The flexible fiber membrane prepared by electrospinning technology is expected to realize its application in wearable devices. The obtained conductive film-based electrochemical sensor can effectively minimize interference caused by ascorbic acid and uric acid. Under the optimized experimental conditions of differential pulse voltammetry, DA gives a linear response in the range of 1-650 μM (R2 = 0.996). The detection limit of DA (signal-to noise ratio = 3) was determined to be 0.062 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
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50
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Qian Y, Yuan WE, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Qu X, Fan C. Concentrically Integrative Bioassembly of a Three-Dimensional Black Phosphorus Nanoscaffold for Restoring Neurogenesis, Angiogenesis, and Immune Homeostasis. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8990-9001. [PMID: 31790262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus is well known for its excellent electromechanical properties. Although it has previously been used for therapeutic drug delivery in cancer, it has never been applied as an electroactive polymer for post-trauma tissue regeneration (e.g., in cardiac muscles and neurons). The major concern currently preventing such applications is its controversial biosafety profile in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the production of a concentrically integrative layer-by-layer bioassembled black phosphorus nanoscaffold. This scaffold has remarkable electrical conductivity, permitting smooth release into the surrounding microenvironment. We confirmed that, under mild oxidative stress, our black phosphorus nanoscaffold induced angiogenesis and neurogenesis and stimulated calcium-dependent axon regrowth and remyelination. Long-term in vivo implantation of this nanoscaffold during severe neurological defect regeneration induced negligible toxicity levels. These results provide new insight into the regenerative capability of manufactured 3D scaffolds using neuroengineered 2D black phosphorus nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Wei-En Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yunqi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science , Duke University , 144 Hudson Hall, Box 90300, Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233 , China
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