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Xu D, Li Z, Deng Z, Nie X, Pan Y, Cheng G. Degradation profiles of the poly(ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin electrospinning membranes and their potential applications in tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131124. [PMID: 38522701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Degradation profiles are critical for the optimal application of electrospun polymer nanofibers in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and drug delivery systems. In this study, natural and synthetic polymers and their composites were subjected to in vivo transplantation and in vitro treatment with lipases, macrophages, and acetic acid to evaluate their degradation patterns. The effects of environmental stimulation, surface wettability, and polymer components on the degradation profiles of the electrospinning poly(ε-caprolactone)/silk fibroin (PCL/SF) nanofibers were first evaluated. In vivo degradation study demonstrated that bulk degradation, characterized by the transition from microfibers to nanofibers, and surface erosion, characterized by fusion between the microfibers or direct erosion from both ends of the microfibers, occurred in the electrospun membranes; however, bulk degradation dominated their overall degradation. Furthermore, the degradation rates of the electrospun PCL/SF membranes varied according to the composition, morphology, and surface wettability of the composite membranes. After the incorporation of silk fibroin (SF), the degradation rate of the SF/PCL composite membranes was faster, accompanied by larger values of weight loss and molecular weight (Mw) loss when compared with that of the pure poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membrane, indicating a close relationship between degradation rate and hydrophilicity of the electrospinning membranes. The in vitro experimental results demonstrated that enzymes and oxidation partially resulted in the surface erosion of the PCL/SF microfibers. Consequently, bulk degradation and surface erosion coordinated with each other to enhance the hydrophilicity of the electrospinning membranes and accelerate the in vivo degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongli Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhennan Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Nie
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yihuai Pan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gu Cheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Fan S, Tan Y, Yuan X, Liu C, Wu X, Dai T, Ni S, Wang J, Weng Y, Zhao H. Regulation of the immune microenvironment by pioglitazone-loaded polylactic glycolic acid nanosphere composite scaffolds to promote vascularization and bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng 2024; 15:20417314241231452. [PMID: 38361536 PMCID: PMC10868507 DOI: 10.1177/20417314241231452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis is caused by multiple factors, and the inflammatory response, osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), regeneration of blood vessels, and other factors must be considered in bone tissue engineering. To effectively repair bone defect, it is important to decrease excessive inflammation, enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, and stimulate angiogenesis. Herein, nano-attapulgite (ATP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and gelatin (GEL) scaffolds were produced using 3D printing technology and pioglitazone (PIO)-containing polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanospheres were added. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, material scaffolds with PIO-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid nanospheres could reduce the inflammatory response by encouraging macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 and promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by activating the BMP2/Smad/RUNX2 signal pathway to repair bone defects. The vascularization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the PI3K/AKT/HIF1-/VEGF pathway was also encouraged. In vivo research using PIO-containing PLGA nanospheres revealed massive collagen deposition in skin models. These findings indicate a potentially effective scaffold for bone healing, when PLGA nanospheres-which contain the drug PIO-are combined with ATP/PVA/GEL scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yadong Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiuchen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ting Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Su Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yiping Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Li X, Coates DE. Hollow channels scaffold in bone regenerative: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:1702-1715. [PMID: 36794303 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2181066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone substitute materials have been extensively used for bone regeneration over the past 50 years. The development of novel materials, fabrication technologies and the incorporation and release of regenerative cytokines, growth factors, cells and antimicrobials has been driven by the rapid development in the field of additive manufacturing technology. There are still however, significant challenges that need addressing, including ways to better mediate the rapid vascularization of bone scaffolds to enhance subsequent regeneration and osteogenesis. Increasing construct porosity can accelerate the development of blood vessels in the scaffold, but doing so also weakens the constructs mechanical properties. A novel design for promoting rapid vascularization is to fabricate custom-made hollow channels as bone scaffolds. Summarized here are the current developments in hollow channels scaffold, including their biological attributes, physio-chemical properties, and effects on regeneration. An overview of recent developments in scaffold fabrication as they relate to hollow channel constructs and their structural features will be introduced with an emphasis on attributes that enhance new bone and vessel formation. Furthermore, the potential to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis by replicating the structure of real bone will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dawn Elizabeth Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bae G, Park T, Song IH. Surface Modification of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) by Ultraviolet (UV) Irradiation and IPA Rinsing. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1952. [PMID: 36422382 PMCID: PMC9695257 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is commonly applied to microfluidic devices due to its excellent biocompatibility, high optical transparency, and suitability for mass production. Recently, various surface treatment methods have been reported to improve the wettability of polymers, which is directly related to adhesion. In this research, the effect of a UV irradiation technique and an IPA rinsing technique as surface treatments for PMMA is investigated regarding the water contact angle of the PMMA surface. PMMA sheets that were 1.62 mm thick and commercially available were exposed to UV light with four different exposure times. Significant decreases in the water contact angle were observed after exposure to UV light, and the lowered contact angles due to the UV irradiation increased over time. According to the measurement, the water contact angle is a function of UV exposure dose as well as storage time after UV exposure. We examined the effect of a IPA rinsing process after UV irradiation and observed an increase in the water contact angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geundong Bae
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
| | - Taehyun Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungnam University, Changwon 51767, Korea
| | - In-Hyouk Song
- Department of Engineering Technology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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Hydrolysis of Bone-Replacing Materials Based on Polylactic Acid and Containing Hydroxyapatite in an In Vitro Experiment. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:99-103. [PMID: 36437338 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied the features of hydrolytic degradation of polylactic acid (PLLA) implants depending on their structural filling with hydroxyapatite (HA). The resistance to in vitro hydrolysis was tested for the following samples: PLLA without HA (control; group 1), PLLA/HA 25 wt% (group 2), and PLLA/HA 50 wt% (group 3). Samples were incubated at 37°C. In the hydrolysate, lactate, calcium ions, and inorganic phosphate were determined. Additionally, the time of appearance of visual deformation and sample disintegration was recorded. PLLA degradation was higher in samples saturated with HA. The highest resistance to deformation was noted for samples without HA. Samples with a PLLA/HA 50 wt% demonstrated the maximum degradation of PLLA in combination with lower resistance to deformation and the highest bioavailability of calcium and phosphate. Group 2 samples are most promising for clinical use.
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Poddar D, Jain P. Surface modification of three-dimensional porous polymeric scaffolds in tissue engineering applications: A focus review on physical modifications methods. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poddar
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Purnima Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India
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Hedayati SK, Behravesh AH, Hasannia S, Kordi O, Pourghaumi M, Saed AB, Gashtasbi F. Additive manufacture of PCL/nHA scaffolds reinforced with biodegradable continuous Fibers: Mechanical Properties, in-vitro degradation Profile, and cell study. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Jampilek J, Placha D. Advances in Use of Nanomaterials for Musculoskeletal Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1994. [PMID: 34959276 PMCID: PMC8703496 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide incidence of bone disorders and cartilage damage has been increasing and traditional therapy has reached its limits, nanomaterials can provide a new strategy in the regeneration of bones and cartilage. The nanoscale modifies the properties of materials, and many of the recently prepared nanocomposites can be used in tissue engineering as scaffolds for the development of biomimetic materials involved in the repair and healing of damaged tissues and organs. In addition, some nanomaterials represent a noteworthy alternative for treatment and alleviating inflammation or infections caused by microbial pathogens. On the other hand, some nanomaterials induce inflammation processes, especially by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, it is necessary to know and understand their effects in living systems and use surface modifications to prevent these negative effects. This contribution is focused on nanostructured scaffolds, providing a closer structural support approximation to native tissue architecture for cells and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, which results in cartilage and bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Placha
- Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
- Centre ENET, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
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Dou T, Zhou B, Hu S, Zhang P. Evolution of the structural polymorphs of poly(l-lactic acid) during the in vitro mineralization of its hydroxyapatite nanocomposites by attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared mapping coupled with principal component analysis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Bahraminasab M, Arab S, Ghaffari S. Osteoblastic cell response to Al 2O 3-Ti composites as bone implant materials. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2021; 12:247-259. [PMID: 35677667 PMCID: PMC9124877 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alumina-titanium (Al2O3-Ti) composites with enhanced mechanical and corrosion properties have been recently developed for potential applications in orthopaedics and hard tissue replacements. However, before any clinical use, their interactions with biological environment must be examined. Methods: The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the biocompatibility of three Al2O3-Ti composites having 25, 50, and 75 volume percentages of titanium. These materials were made by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured onto the sample discs to evaluate the cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and adhesion. Furthermore, the apatite formation ability and wettability of the composites were analysed. Pure Ti (100Ti) and monolithic Al2O3 (0Ti) were also fabricated by SPS and biological characteristics of the composites were compared with them. Results: The results showed that cell viability to 75Ti (95.0%), 50Ti (87.3%), and 25Ti (63.9%) was superior when compared with 100Ti (42.7%). Pure Al2O3 also caused very high cell viability (89.9%). Furthermore, high cell proliferation was seen at early stage for 50Ti, while the cells exposed to 75Ti proliferated more at late stages. Cell differentiation was approximately equal between different groups, and increased by time. Matrix mineralization was higher on the composite surfaces rather than on 0Ti and 100Ti. Moreover, the cells adhered differently to the surfaces of different biomaterials where more spindle-shaped configuration was found on 100Ti, slightly enlarged cells with dendritic shape and early pseudopodia were observed on 75Ti, and more enlarged cells with long dendritic extensions were found on 0Ti, 25Ti, and 50Ti. The results of EDS analysis showed that both Ca and P deposited on the surfaces of all materials, after 20 days of immersion in SBF. Conclusion: Our in-vitro findings demonstrated that the 75Ti, 50Ti, and 25Ti composites have high potential to be used as load-bearing orthopedic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Bahraminasab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Arab
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Somaye Ghaffari
- Department of Ceramics, Materials and Energy Research Center, P.O. Box 31787316, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
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Strategies for inclusion of growth factors into 3D printed bone grafts. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:569-585. [PMID: 34156062 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There remains a critical need to develop new technologies and materials that can meet the demands of treating large bone defects. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has allowed the creation of personalized and customized bone grafts, with specific control in both macro- and micro-architecture, and desired mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the biomaterials used for the production of these bone grafts often possess poor biological properties. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs), which are the natural orchestrators of the physiological healing process, into 3D printed bone grafts, represents a promising strategy to achieve the bioactivity required to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the possible strategies used to incorporate GFs to 3D printed constructs are presented with a specific focus on bone regeneration. In particular, the strengths and limitations of different methods, such as physical and chemical cross-linking, which are currently used to incorporate GFs to the engineered constructs are critically reviewed. Different strategies used to present one or more GFs to achieve simultaneous angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for enhanced bone regeneration are also covered in this review. In addition, the possibility of combining several manufacturing approaches to fabricate hybrid constructs, which better mimic the complexity of biological niches, is presented. Finally, the clinical relevance of these approaches and the future steps that should be taken are discussed.
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Li J, Yan JF, Wan QQ, Shen MJ, Ma YX, Gu JT, Gao P, Tang XY, Yu F, Chen JH, Tay FR, Jiao K, Niu LN. Matrix stiffening by self-mineralizable guided bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:112-125. [PMID: 33582360 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Collagen membranes produced in vitro with different degrees of intrafibrillar mineralization are potentially useful for guided bone regeneration (GBR). However, highly-mineralized collagen membranes are brittle and difficult for clinical manipulation. The present study aimed at developing an intrafibrillar self-mineralization strategy for GBR membrane by covalently conjugating high-molecular weight polyacrylic acid (HPAA) on Bio-Gide® membranes (BG). The properties of the self-mineralizable membranes (HBG) and their potential to induce bone regeneration were investigated. The HBG underwent the progressive intrafibrillar mineralization as well as the increase in stiffness after immersed in supersaturated calcium phosphate solution, osteogenic medium, or after being implanted into a murine calvarial bone defect. The HBG promoted in-situ bone regeneration via stimulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Hippo signaling was inhibited when MSCs were cultured on the self-mineralized HBG, and in HBG-promoted MSC osteogenesis during in-situ bone regeneration. This resulted in translocation of the transcription co-activators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) into the nucleus to induce transcription of genes promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that HBG possessed the ability to self-mineralize in situ via intrafibrillar mineralization. The increase in stiffness of the extracellular matrix expedited in-situ bone regeneration by inactivating the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling cascade. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes made of naturally derived collagen have been widely used in the bone defect restoration. However, application of collagen GBR membranes run into the bottleneck with the challenges like insufficient stress strength, relatively poor dimensional stability and unsatisfactory osteoinductivity. This study develops a modified GBR membrane that can undergo progressive self-mineralization and matrix stiffening in situ. Increase in extracellular matrix stiffness provides the mechanical cues required for MSCs differentiation and expedites in-situ bone regeneration by inactivating the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling cascade.
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Mirică IC, Furtos G, Lucaciu O, Pascuta P, Vlassa M, Moldovan M, Campian RS. Electrospun Membranes Based on Polycaprolactone, Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Metronidazole. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040931. [PMID: 33669270 PMCID: PMC7920077 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop new electrospun membranes (EMs) based on polycaprolactone (PCL) with or without metronidazole (MET)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) content. New nHAP with a mean diameter of 34 nm in length was synthesized. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) were used for structural characterization of precursors and EMs. The highest mechanical properties (the force at maximum load, Young's modulus and tensile strength) were found for the PCL membranes, and these properties decreased for the other samples in the following order: 95% PCL + 5% nHAP > 80% PCL + 20% MET > 75% PCL + 5% nHAP + 20% MET. The stiffness increased with the addition of 5 wt.% nHAP. The SEM images of EMs showed randomly oriented bead-free fibers that generated a porous structure with interconnected macropores. The fiber diameter showed values between 2 and 16 µm. The fiber diameter increased with the addition of nHAP filler and decreased when MET was added. New EMs with nHAP and MET could be promising materials for guided bone regeneration or tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Codruţa Mirică
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-C.M.); (O.L.); (R.-S.C.)
| | - Gabriel Furtos
- Department of Dental Materials, Babes-Bolyai University-Raluca Ripan, Institute of Research in Chemistry, Fantanele Street 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-364-405972
| | - Ondine Lucaciu
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-C.M.); (O.L.); (R.-S.C.)
| | - Petru Pascuta
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului Street 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Vlassa
- Department of Dental Materials, Babes-Bolyai University-Raluca Ripan, Institute of Research in Chemistry, Fantanele Street 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Mărioara Moldovan
- Department of Dental Materials, Babes-Bolyai University-Raluca Ripan, Institute of Research in Chemistry, Fantanele Street 30, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Radu-Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.-C.M.); (O.L.); (R.-S.C.)
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Venkatraman SK, Choudhary R, Krishnamurithy G, Raghavendran HRB, Murali MR, Kamarul T, Suresh A, Abraham J, Swamiappan S. Biomineralization, mechanical, antibacterial and biological investigation of larnite and rankinite bioceramics. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 118:111466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Ochoa-Segundo EI, González-Torres M, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Huerta-Martínez BM, Melgarejo-Ramírez Y, Leyva-Gómez G, Rivera-Muñoz EM, Cortés H, Velasquillo C, Vargas-Muñoz S, Rodríguez-Talavera R. Gamma radiation-induced grafting of n-hydroxyethyl acrylamide onto poly(3-hydroxybutyrate): A companion study on its polyurethane scaffolds meant for potential skin tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111176. [PMID: 32806310 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the synthesis, characterization, and search for a biotechnological application proposal for poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid] (PHB) grafted with the n-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) monomer. The novel copolymer was prepared by 60Co gamma radiation-induced-graft polymerization. The effect of different solvents in the graft polymerization; the degree of grafting, crystallinity, and hydrophilicity; the morphology and the thermal properties were evaluated. The polyurethane fabricated from the grafted PHB was suggested as a scaffold. The enzymatic degradation behavior and the spectroscopic, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties of the composites were assessed. According to the results, the successful grafting of HEAA onto PHB was verified. The grafting was significantly affected by the type of solvent employed. A decreased crystallinity and increased hydrophilicity of the graft copolymer, concerning the PHB, was found. An increased roughness was observed in the morphology of the polymer after grafting. The thermodynamic parameters, except for the glass transition temperature, also decreased for the synthetic biopolymer. The intended use of these scaffolds for skin tissue engineering was supported by a proper degradability and degree of porosity, improved mechanical properties, the optimal culture of human fibroblasts, and its transfection with a plasmid vector containing an enhanced green fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ivan Ochoa-Segundo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Laboratorio de Tejido Conjuntivo, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | | | - Yaaziel Melgarejo-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Eric M Rivera-Muñoz
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230, Mexico
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Cristina Velasquillo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luís Guillermo Ibarra", Ciudad de Mexico 14389, Mexico
| | - Susana Vargas-Muñoz
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230, Mexico
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16
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Qin T, Li X, Long H, Bin S, Xu Y. Bioactive Tetracalcium Phosphate Scaffolds Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering for Bone Regeneration Applications. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102268. [PMID: 32423078 PMCID: PMC7287688 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), a potential biological scaffold material, has attracted increasing interest for bone regeneration applications due to its good biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this research, three-dimensional porous TTCP scaffolds were manufactured via selective laser sintering (SLS), and an in-depth and meticulous study on the influence of laser power on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TTCP scaffolds was performed. The results showed that the TTCP particles fused together and formed a solid object due to the decrease in the number of micro-pores in the scaffold as the laser power increased from 6 W to 9 W. The maximum compressive strength that the scaffold could withstand and the strength of the fracture toughness were 11.87 ± 0.64 MPa and 1.12 ± 0.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively. When the laser power increased from 9 W to 10 W, the TTCP grains grew abnormally, resulting in diminished mechanical properties. The bioactivity tests showed that the surfaces of the scaffolds were entirely covered by bone-like apatite layers after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) for three days, indicating that the scaffolds exhibit excellent bioactivity. Moreover, cell experiments showed that the TTCP scaffolds had good biocompatibility. This study indicated that SLS-fabricated TTCP scaffolds may be a promising candidate for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (T.Q.); (X.L.)
- College of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (T.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui Long
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512000, China;
| | - Shizhen Bin
- Research Institute of Light Alloys, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-773-5895922 (S.B.); Fax: +86-773-3693600 (S.B.)
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Efficient Power System and Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-773-5895922 (S.B.); Fax: +86-773-3693600 (S.B.)
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17
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Cao L, Liu W, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Gao D, He T, Liu Y, Zou Z, Mo Y, Peng S, Shuai C. Linc02349 promotes osteogenesis of human umbilical cord-derived stem cells by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-25-3p and miR-33b-5p. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12814. [PMID: 32346990 PMCID: PMC7260076 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Increasing evidences suggest that inducing mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts has been as an especially important component in the prevention and therapy for degenerative bone disease. Here, we identify a novel lncRNA, linc02349, which increases significantly during osteogenic differentiation. Materials and methods Human umbilical cord‐derived stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) and dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells were used. Overexpression and knockdown of linc02349 in cell lines were generated using lentiviral‐mediated gene delivery method. Bioinformatics prediction, Ago2‐RIP assay and dual‐luciferase reporter system were employed to examine miRNA which interacts with linc02349. The RNA FISH assay was performed to identify the subcelluar location of linc02349. Alizarin Red S staining, ALP staining and qPCR were applied to identify the osteogenic differentiation. The potential linc02349‐regulated genes, miR‐25‐3p and miR‐33b‐5p, were explored by ChIP, RIP and Western blotting assays. Micro‐CT was used to measure the osteogenic content in bone formation assay in vivo. Results Linc02349 overexpression improves osteogenic differentiation by in vitro and in vivo analysis. Mechanistically, linc02349 acts as a molecular sponge for miR‐25‐3p and miR‐33b‐5p to control expression abundance of SMAD5 and Wnt10b, respectively, which eventually activated Dlx5/OSX pathway and hence promoted osteogenic differentiation. In addition, we revealed that STAT3 interacts with linc02349 promoter region and positively regulates the linc02349 transcriptional activity. Conclusion These findings identify that linc02349 modulates the osteogenic differentiation through acting as a sponge RNA of miR‐25‐3p and miR‐33b‐5p and regulating SMAD5 and Wnt10b, and proposed a new interaction between STAT3 and linc02349, which could be a potential target in the process the osteogenesis of hUC‐MSCs for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Nation Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yancheng Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zi Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqing Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China.,State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Zhang B, Guo L, Chen H, Ventikos Y, Narayan RJ, Huang J. Finite element evaluations of the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds by direct ink writing: Effects of pore geometry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Shuai C, Li Y, Yang W, Yu L, Yang Y, Peng S, Feng P. Graphene Oxide Induces Ester Bonds Hydrolysis of Poly-l-lactic Acid Scaffold to Accelerate Degradation. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:249. [PMID: 32782986 PMCID: PMC7415862 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i1.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) possesses good biocompatibility and bioabsorbability as scaffold material, while slow degradation rate limits its application in bone tissue engineering. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was introduced into the PLLA scaffold prepared by selective laser sintering to accelerate degradation. The reason was that GO with a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups attracted water molecules and transported them into scaffold through the interface microchannels formed between lamellar GO and PLLA matrix. More importantly, hydrogen bonding interaction between the functional groups of GO and the ester bonds of PLLA induced the ester bonds to deflect toward the interfaces, making water molecules attack the ester bonds and thereby breaking the molecular chain of PLLA to accelerate degradation. As a result, some micropores appeared on the surface of the PLLA scaffold, and mass loss was increased from 0.81% to 4.22% after immersing for 4 weeks when 0.9% GO was introduced. Besides, the tensile strength and compressive strength of the scaffolds increased by 24.3% and 137.4%, respectively, due to the reinforced effect of GO. In addition, the scaffold also demonstrated good bioactivity and cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Youwen Yang
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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20
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Shuai C, Li S, Peng S, Yang Y, Gao C. Hydrolytic Expansion Induces Corrosion Propagation for Increased Fe Biodegradation. Int J Bioprint 2020; 6:248. [PMID: 32782985 PMCID: PMC7415857 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v6i1.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe is regarded as a promising bone implant material due to inherent degradability and high mechanical strength, but its degradation rate is too slow to match the healing rate of bone. In this work, hydrolytic expansion was cleverly exploited to accelerate Fe degradation. Concretely, hydrolyzable Mg2Si was incorporated into Fe matrix through selective laser melting and readily hydrolyzed in a physiological environment, thereby exposing more surface area of Fe matrix to the solution. Moreover, the gaseous hydrolytic products of Mg2Si acted as an expanding agent and cracked the dense degradation product layers of Fe matrix, which offered rapid access for solution invasion and corrosion propagation toward the interior of Fe matrix. This resulted in the breakdown of protective degradation product layers and even the direct peeling off of Fe matrix. Consequently, the degradation rate for Fe/Mg2Si composites (0.33 mm/y) was significantly improved in comparison with that of Fe (0.12 mm/y). Meanwhile, Fe/Mg2Si composites were found to enable the growth and proliferation of MG-63 cells, showing good cytocompatibility. This study indicated that hydrolytic expansion may be an effective strategy to accelerate the degradation of Fe-based implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Youwen Yang
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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21
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Shuai C, Yu L, Yang W, Peng S, Zhong Y, Feng P. Phosphonic Acid Coupling Agent Modification of HAP Nanoparticles: Interfacial Effects in PLLA/HAP Bone Scaffold. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E199. [PMID: 31940986 PMCID: PMC7023562 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the interfacial bonding between hydroxyapatite (HAP) and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), 2-Carboxyethylphosphonic acid (CEPA), a phosphonic acid coupling agent, was introduced to modify HAP nanoparticles. After this. the PLLA scaffold containing CEPA-modified HAP (C-HAP) was fabricated by selective laser sintering (frittage). The specific mechanism of interfacial bonding was that the PO32- of CEPA formed an electrovalent bond with the Ca2+ of HAP on one hand, and on the other hand, the -COOH of CEPA formed an ester bond with the -OH of PLLA via an esterification reaction. The results showed that C-HAP was homogeneously dispersed in the PLLA matrix and that it exhibited interconnected morphology pulled out from the PLLA matrix due to the enhanced interfacial bonding. As a result, the tensile strength and modulus of the scaffold with 20% C-HAP increased by 1.40 and 2.79 times compared to that of the scaffold with HAP, respectively. In addition, the scaffold could attract Ca2+ in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution by the phosphonic acid group to induce apatite layer formation and also release Ca2+ and PO43- by degradation to facilitate cell attachment, growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yancheng Zhong
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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