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Wojtas D, Mzyk A, Li R, Zehetbauer M, Schafler E, Jarzębska A, Sułkowski B, Schirhagl R. Verifying the cytotoxicity of a biodegradable zinc alloy with nanodiamond sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213927. [PMID: 38917649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Metals are widely utilized as implant materials for bone fixtures as well as stents. Biodegradable versions of these implants are highly desirable since patients do not have to undergo a second surgery for the materials to be removed. Attractive options for such materials are zinc silver alloys since they also offer the benefit of being antibacterial. However, it is important to investigate the effect of the degradation products of such alloys on the surrounding cells, taking into account silver cytotoxicity. Here we investigated zinc alloyed with 1 % of silver (Zn1Ag) and how differently concentrated extracts (1 %-100 %) of this material impact human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). More specifically, we focused on free radical generation and oxidative stress as well as the impact on cell viability. To determine free radical production we used diamond-based quantum sensing as well as conventional fluorescent assays. The viability was assessed by observing cell morphology and the metabolic activity via the MTT assay. We found that 1 % and 10 % extracts are well tolerated by the cells. However, at higher extract concentrations we observed severe impact on cell viability and oxidative stress. We were also able to show that quantum sensing was able to detect significant free radical generation even at the lowest tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wojtas
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia; Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aldona Mzyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Health Technology, Danish Technical University, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Runrun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Zehetbauer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Erhard Schafler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Anna Jarzębska
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sułkowski
- Faculty of Non-ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Romana Schirhagl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AW Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Anderson D, Le H, Vu H, Johnson J, Aslan J, Goldman J, Hinds M. Thrombogenicity of biodegradable metals. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:411-421. [PMID: 38774458 PMCID: PMC11107095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals offer a promising means to ameliorate many of the long-term risks associated with vascular devices made of conventional biostable stent metals. While numerous biodegradable metal alloys have been developed and characterized in animal models, knowledge of their blood reactivity and thrombogenicity remains unknown. Metal hemocompatibility is particularly valuable because current generation drug-eluting stents pose a significant long-term thrombosis risk. In this study, four pure metals, widely used as degradable base materials (Fe, Zn, Mg, and Mo), and three alloys commonly used in cardiovascular devices [NiTi, CoCr, and stainless steel (SS)] were evaluated. This work examined how each of these metals activate platelets, coagulation factors, and inflammation using in vitro hemocompatibility assays and a clinically relevant ex vivo non-human primate arteriovenous shunt model. Testing found that while all metals promoted a downstream activation of platelets and coagulation in flowing whole blood, platelet and fibrin attachment to Mg was markedly reduced. Additionally, Fe and Mo trended toward higher platelet attachment and contact pathway activation. Overall, the results suggest that Mg may delay clot initiation, but not eliminate clot formation, indicating the importance of understanding thrombosis in Mg alloys that are currently being developed for clinical use as biodegradable stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E.J. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - H.H. Le
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - H. Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J.E. Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J. Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - M.T. Hinds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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3
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Chen S, Du T, Zhang H, Qi J, Zhang Y, Mu Y, Qiao A. Methods for improving the properties of zinc for the application of biodegradable vascular stents. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 156:213693. [PMID: 37992478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable stents can support vessels for an extended period, maintain vascular patency, and progressively degrade once vascular remodeling is completed, thereby reducing the constraints of traditional metal stents. An ideal degradable stent must have good mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility. Zinc has become a new type of biodegradable metal after magnesium and iron, owing to its suitable degradation rate and good biocompatibility. However, zinc's poor strength and ductility make it unsuitable as a vascular stent material. Therefore, this paper reviewed the primary methods for improving the overall properties of zinc. By discussing the mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and biocompatibility of various improvement strategies, we found that alloying is the most common, simple, and effective method to improve mechanical properties. Deformation processing can further improve the mechanical properties by changing the microstructures of zinc alloys. Surface modification is an important means to improve the biological activity, blood compatibility and corrosion resistance of zinc alloys. Meanwhile, structural design can not only improve the mechanical properties of the vascular stents, but also endow the stents with special properties such as negative Poisson 's ratio. Manufacturing zinc alloys with excellent degradation properties, improved mechanical properties and strong biocompatibility and exploring their mechanism of interaction with the human body remain areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Chen
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Du
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanbing Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Mu
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aike Qiao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China.
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4
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Ron T, Leon A, Kafri A, Ashraf A, Na J, Babu A, Banerjee R, Brookbank H, Muddaluri SR, Little KJ, Aghion E, Pixley S. Nerve Regeneration with a Scaffold Incorporating an Absorbable Zinc-2% Iron Alloy Filament to Improve Axonal Guidance. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2595. [PMID: 38004574 PMCID: PMC10674795 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve damage that results in lost segments requires surgery, but currently available hollow scaffolds have limitations that could be overcome by adding internal guidance support. A novel solution is to use filaments of absorbable metals to supply physical support and guidance for nerve regeneration that then safely disappear from the body. Previously, we showed that thin filaments of magnesium metal (Mg) would support nerve regeneration. Here, we tested another absorbable metal, zinc (Zn), using a proprietary zinc alloy with 2% iron (Zn-2%Fe) that was designed to overcome the limitations of both Mg and pure Zn metal. Non-critical-sized gaps in adult rat sciatic nerves were repaired with silicone conduits plus single filaments of Zn-2%Fe, Mg, or no metal, with autografts as controls. After seventeen weeks, all groups showed equal recovery of function and axonal density at the distal end of the conduit. The Zn alloy group showed some improvements in early rat health and recovery of function. The alloy had a greater local accumulation of degradation products and inflammatory cells than Mg; however, both metals had an equally thin capsule (no difference in tissue irritation) and no toxicity or inflammation in neighboring nerve tissues. Therefore, Zn-2%Fe, like Mg, is biocompatible and has great potential for use in nervous tissue regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Ron
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Avi Leon
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Alon Kafri
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Nuclear Research Centre-Negev, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - Ahmed Ashraf
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - John Na
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ashvin Babu
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Runima Banerjee
- College of Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Hunter Brookbank
- College of Arts & Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Kevin J. Little
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Pediatric Hand & Upper Extremity Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eli Aghion
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sarah Pixley
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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5
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Tettey F, Saudi S, Davies D, Shrestha S, Johnson K, Fialkova S, Subedi K, Bastakoti BP, Sankar J, Desai S, Bhattarai N. Fabrication and Characterization of Zn Particle Incorporated Fibrous Scaffolds for Potential Application in Tissue Healing and Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48913-48929. [PMID: 37847523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) metal and its alloys have received a lot of interest in biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. Bulk Zn has been successfully utilized in a variety of implant applications, most notably as bioabsorbable cardiac stents and orthopedic fixation devices, where it provides adequate mechanical properties while also releasing helpful Zn ions (Zn2+) during degradation. Such beneficial ions are dose-dependent and, when released in excess, can induce cellular toxicity. In this study, we hypothesize that embedding Zn metal particles into a polymer nanofibrous scaffold will enable control of the degradation and time release of the Zn2+. We designed and fabricated two polymer scaffolds, polycaprolactone (PCL) and polycaprolactone-chitosan (PCL-CH). Each scaffold had an increasing amount of Zn. Several physicochemical properties such as fiber morphology, crystallinity, mechanical strength, hydrophilicity, degradation and release of Zn2+, thermal properties, chemical compositions, and so forth were characterized and compared with the PCL fibrous scaffold. The biological properties of the scaffolds were evaluated in vitro utilizing direct and indirect cytotoxicity assays and cell viability. All the data show that the addition of Zn changed various physical properties of the PCL and PCL-CH scaffolds except their chemical structure. Further investigation reveals that the PCL-CH scaffolds degrade the Zn particles relatively faster than the PCL because the presence of the hydrophilic CH influences the faster release of Zn2+ in cell culture conditions as compared to the PCL fibrous scaffold. The combined advantages of CH and Zn in the PCL scaffold enriched 3T3 fibroblast cells' survival and proliferation except the ones with the higher concentration of Zn particles. These new composite scaffolds are promising and can be further considered for tissue healing and regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Tettey
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Sheikh Saudi
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Dekonti Davies
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Sita Shrestha
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Kalene Johnson
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Svitlana Fialkova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Kiran Subedi
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Bishnu P Bastakoti
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Jagannathan Sankar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Salil Desai
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Narayan Bhattarai
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
- Center of Excellence in Product Design and Advanced Manufacturing, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
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6
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Wu M, Xun M, Chen Y. Adaptation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell to Degradable Metal Stent Implantation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37364226 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Iron-, magnesium-, or zinc-based metal vessel stents support vessel expansion at the period early after implantation and degrade away after vascular reconstruction, eliminating the side effects due to the long stay of stent implants in the body and the risks of restenosis and neoatherosclerosis. However, emerging evidence has indicated that their degradation alters the vascular microenvironment and induces adaptive responses of surrounding vessel cells, especially vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). VSMCs are highly flexible cells that actively alter their phenotype in response to the stenting, similarly to what they do during all stages of atherosclerosis pathology, which significantly influences stent performance. This Review discusses how biodegradable metal stents modify vascular conditions and how VSMCs respond to various chemical, biological, and physical signals attributable to stent implantation. The focus is placed on the phenotypic adaptation of VSMCs and the clinical complications, which highlight the importance of VSMC transformation in future stent design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Wu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Min Xun
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 410001, China
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7
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Yang H, Jin D, Rao J, Shi J, Li G, Wang C, Yan K, Bai J, Bao G, Yin M, Zheng Y. Lithium-Induced Optimization Mechanism for an Ultrathin-Strut Biodegradable Zn-Based Vascular Scaffold. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301074. [PMID: 36920258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To reduce incidences of in-stent restenosis and thrombosis, the use of a thinner-strut stent has been clinically proven to be effective. Therefore, the contemporary trend is toward the use of ultrathin-strut (≤70 µm) designs for durable stents. However, stents made from biodegradable platforms have failed to achieve intergenerational breakthroughs due to their excessively thick struts. Here, microalloying is used to create an ultrathin-strut (65 µm) zinc (Zn) scaffold with modified biodegradation behavior and improved biofunction, by adding lithium (Li). The scaffold backbone consists of an ultrafine-grained Zn matrix (average grain diameter 2.28 µm) with uniformly distributed nanoscale Li-containing phases. Grain refinement and precipitation strengthening enable it to achieve twice the radial strength with only 40% of the strut thickness of the pure Zn scaffold. Adding Li alters the thermodynamic formation pathways of products during scaffold biodegradation, creating an alkaline microenvironment. Li2 CO3 may actively stabilize this microenvironment due to its higher solubility and better buffering capability than Zn products. The co-release of ionic zinc and lithium enhances the beneficial differential effects on activities of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, resulting in good endothelialization and limited intimal hyperplasia in porcine coronary arteries. The findings here may break the predicament of the next-generation biodegradable scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Jiancun Rao
- AIM Lab, Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jiahui Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Guannan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, P. R. China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, P. R. China
| | - Guo Bao
- Department of Reproduction and Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Meng Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Shanghai, 200127, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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8
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Bioresorbable vascular metallic scaffolds: Current status and research trends. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Improved biocompatibility of Zn-Ag-based stent materials by microstructure refinement. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:416-426. [PMID: 35367631 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The metallurgical engineering of bioresorbable zinc (Zn)-based medical alloys would greatly benefit from clarification of the relationships between material properties and biological responses. Here we investigate the biocompatibility of three Zn-based silver (Ag)-containing alloys, ranging from binary to quinary alloy systems. Selected binary and quinary Zn-Ag-based alloys underwent solution treatment (ST) to increase the solubility of Ag-rich phases within the Zn bulk matrix, yielding two different microstructures (one without ST and a different one with ST) with the same elemental composition. This experimental design was intended to clarify the relationship between elemental profile/microstructure and biocompatibility for the Zn-Ag system. We found that the quinary alloy system (Zn-4Ag-0.8Cu-0.6Mn-0.15Zr) performed significantly better, in terms of histomorphometry, than any alloy system we have evaluated to date. Furthermore, when solution treated to increase strength and ductility and reduce the fraction of Ag-rich phases, the quinary alloy's biocompatibility further improved. In vitro corrosion testing and metallographic analysis of in vivo implants demonstrated a more uniform mode of corrosion for the solution treated alloy. We conclude that Zn-Ag alloys can be engineered through alloying to substantially reduce neointimal growth. The positive effect on neointimal growth can be further enhanced by dissolving the AgZn3 precipitates in the Zn matrix to improve the corrosion uniformity. These findings demonstrate that neointimal-forming cells can be regulated by elemental additions and microstructural changes in degradable Zn-based implant materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The metallurgical engineering of bioresorbable zinc (Zn)-based medical alloys would greatly benefit from clarification of the relationships between material properties and biological responses. Here, selected binary and quinary Zn-Ag-based alloys underwent solution treatment (ST) to increase the solubility of Ag-rich phases within the Zn bulk matrix, yielding two different microstructures (one without ST and a different one with ST) with the same elemental composition. We found that applying a thermal treatment restores mechanical strength and mitigates the strain rate sensitivity of Zn-Ag alloys by dissolving AgZn3 precipitates. Ag-rich nano-precipitates in Zn decrease biocompatibility, a phenomenon that can be counteracted by dissolving the AgZn3 precipitates in the bulk Zn matrix.
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10
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Niu L, Liu Z, Geng X, Zhong X, Zhao H, Zhang H, Xi Resource J, Feng Z, Zhang F, Ye L. Anti-coagulation and anti-hyperplasia coating for retrievable vena cava filters by electrospraying and their performance in vivo. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121690. [PMID: 35331832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel drug eluting retrievable vena cava filter (RVCF) with a heparin-modified poly(ε-caprolactone) (hPCL) coating containing rapamycin was prepared by electrospraying. The in vitro drug release pattern showed that the encapsulated rapamycin in the coating can be sustainably released within one month, whereas activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and in vitro cell culture showed that the drug eluting RVCF can effectively extend blood clotting time and inhibit smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, respectively. The as-prepared drug eluting RVCF and corresponding commercial RVCF were implanted into the vena cava of sheep. The retrieval operation at a predetermined time point showed that the drug eluting RVCF had a much higher retrieval rate than the commercial RVCF. Comprehensive investigations, including histological, immunohistological and immunofluorescence analyses, on explanted veins were carried out. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared RVCF possessed excellent antihyperplasia properties in vivo, significantly improving the retrieval rate and extending the in vivo dwelling time in sheep. Consequently, the drug eluting RVCF has promising potential for application in the clinic to improve RVCF retrieval rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyuan Niu
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Xue Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuanshu Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101100, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jianing Xi Resource
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China.
| | - Zengguo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lin Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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11
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Preliminary Investigation on Degradation Behavior and Cytocompatibility of Ca-P-Sr Coated Pure Zinc. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zinc and its alloys show a good application prospect as a new biodegradable material. However, one of the drawbacks is that Zn and its alloys would induce the release of more Zn ions, which are reported to be cytotoxic to cells. In this study, a Ca-P-Sr bioactive coating was prepared on the surface of pure zinc by the hydrothermal method to address this issue. The morphology, thickness, and composition were characterized, and the effects of the coating on the degradation, cell viability, and ALP staining were investigated. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of pure zinc was reduced, while the cytocompatibility was significantly improved after pure zinc was treated with Ca-P-Sr coating. It is considered that the Ca-P-Sr bioactive coating prepared by the hydrothermal method has promising application in the clinic.
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12
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Recent advances and directions in the development of bioresorbable metallic cardiovascular stents: Insights from recent human and in vivo studies. Acta Biomater 2021; 127:1-23. [PMID: 33823325 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, significant advancements have been made regarding the material formulation, iterative design, and clinical translation of metallic bioresorbable stents. Currently, magnesium-based (Mg) stent devices have remained at the forefront of bioresorbable stent material development and use. Despite substantial advances, the process of developing novel absorbable stents and their clinical translation is time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. These challenges, coupled with the continuous refinement of alternative bioresorbable metallic bulk materials such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), have intensified the search for an ideal absorbable metallic stent material. Here, we discuss the most recent pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the efficacy of bioresorbable metallic stents and material candidates. From this perspective, strategies to improve the clinical performance of bioresorbable metallic stents are considered and critically discussed, spanning material alloy development, surface manipulations, material processing techniques, and preclinical/biological testing considerations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent efforts in using Mg, Fe, and Zn based materials for bioresorbable stents include elemental profile changes as well as surface modifications to improve each of the three classes of materials. Although a variety of alloys for absorbable metallic stents have been developed, the ideal absorbable stent material has not yet been discovered. This review focuses on the state of the art for bioresorbable metallic stent development. It covers the three bulk materials used for degradable stents (Mg, Fe, and Zn), and discusses their advances from a translational perspective. Strategies to improve the clinical performance of bioresorbable metallic stents are considered and critically discussed, spanning material alloy development, surface manipulations, material processing techniques, and preclinical/biological testing considerations.
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Oliver AA, Guillory RJ, Flom KL, Morath LM, Kolesar TM, Mostaed E, Sikora-Jasinska M, Drelich JW, Goldman J. Analysis of vascular inflammation against bioresorbable Zn-Ag based alloys. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6779-6789. [PMID: 33644704 PMCID: PMC7905847 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has emerged as a promising bioresorbable stent material due to its satisfactory corrosion behavior and excellent biocompatibility. However, for load bearing implant applications, alloying is required to boost its mechanical properties as pure Zn exhibits poor strength. Unfortunately, an increase in inflammation relative to pure Zn is a commonly observed side-effect of Zn alloys. Consequently, the development of a Zn-based alloy that can simultaneously feature improved mechanical properties and suppress inflammatory responses is a big challenge. Here, a bioresorbable, biocompatible Zn-Ag-based quinary alloy was comprehensively evaluated in vivo, in comparison to reference materials. The inflammatory and smooth muscle cellular response was characterized and correlated to metrics of neointimal growth. We found that implantation of the quinary alloy was associated with significantly improved inflammatory activities relative to the reference materials. Additionally, we found that inflammation, but not smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, significantly correlates to neointimal growth for Zn alloys. The results suggest that inflammation is the main driver of neointimal growth for Zn-based alloys and that the quinary Zn-Ag-Mn-Zr-Cu alloy may impart inflammation-resistance properties to arterial implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Oliver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Roger J. Guillory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Katie L. Flom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Lea M. Morath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Timothy M. Kolesar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Ehsan Mostaed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | | | - Jaroslaw W. Drelich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
| | - Jeremy Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, USA
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Insight into role and mechanism of Li on the key aspects of biodegradable Zn Li alloys: Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:111049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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