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Brito GC, Sousa GF, Santana MV, Aguiar Furtado AS, E Silva MDCS, Lima Verde TFC, Barbosa R, Alves TS, Reis Vasconcellos LM, Sobral Silva LA, Freitas Viana VG, Figueredo-Silva J, Maia Filho ALM, Marciano FR, Lobo AO. In Situ Printing of Polylactic Acid/Nanoceramic Filaments for the Repair of Bone Defects Using a Portable 3D Device. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39033545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In situ 3D printing is attractive for the direct repair of bone defects in underdeveloped countries and in emergency situations. So far, the lack of an interesting method to produce filament using FDA-approved biopolymers and nanoceramics combined with a portable strategy limits the use of in situ 3D printing. Herein, we investigated the osseointegration of new nanocomposite filaments based on polylactic acid (PLA), laponite (Lap), and hydroxyapatite (Hap) printed directly at the site of the bone defect in rats using a portable 3D printer. The filaments were produced using a single-screw extruder (L/D = 26), without the addition of solvents that can promote the toxicity of the materials. In vitro performance was evaluated in the cell differentiation process with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by an alkaline phosphatase activity test and visualization of mineralization nodules; a cell viability test and total protein dosage were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity. For the in vivo analysis, the PLA/Lap composite filaments with a diameter of 1.75 mm were printed directly into bone defects of Wistar rats using a commercially available portable 3D printer. Based on the in vitro and in vivo results, the in situ 3D printing technique followed by rapid cooling proved to be promising for bone tissue engineering. The absence of fibrous encapsulation and inflammatory processes became a good indicator of effectiveness in terms of biocompatibility parameters and bone tissue formation, and the use of the portable 3D printer showed a significant advantage in the application of this material by in situ printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Castro Brito
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fernandes Sousa
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Moises Virgens Santana
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - André Sales Aguiar Furtado
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Millena de Cassia Sousa E Silva
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Thiago Ferreira Candido Lima Verde
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa
- LAPCON─Laboratory of Polymers and Conjugated Materials, Technology Center CT, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Tatianny Soares Alves
- LAPCON─Laboratory of Polymers and Conjugated Materials, Technology Center CT, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Luana Marotta Reis Vasconcellos
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alvares Sobral Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) 777 Eng. Francisco José Longo Avenue, São José dos Campos 12245-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Galber Freitas Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Engineering, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFPI), Campus Teresina Central, Teresina 64001-270, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Figueredo-Silva
- Biotechnology Research Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina 64003-120, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Roberta Marciano
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
- Department of Physics, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Anderson Oliveira Lobo
- LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, Materials Science & Engineering Graduate Program, UFPI-Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Piauí, Brazil
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Kumar P, Shamim, Muztaba M, Ali T, Bala J, Sidhu HS, Bhatia A. Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1184-1194. [PMID: 38418691 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of bone tissue engineering as a trend in regenerative medicine is forcing scientists to create highly functional materials and scaffold construction techniques. Bone tissue engineering uses 3D bio-printed scaffolds that allow and stimulate the attachment and proliferation of osteoinductive cells on their surfaces. Bone grafting is necessary to expedite the patient's condition because the natural healing process of bones is slow. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is therefore suggested as a technique for the production process due to its simplicity, ability to create intricate components and movable forms, and low running costs. 3D-printed scaffolds can repair bone defects in vivo and in vitro. For 3D printing, various materials including metals, polymers, and ceramics are often employed but polymeric biofilaments are promising candidates for replacing non-biodegradable materials due to their adaptability and environment friendliness. This review paper majorly focuses on the fused deposition modeling approach for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds. In addition, it also provides information on biofilaments used in FDM 3D printing, applications, and commercial aspects of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India.
| | - Shamim
- IIMT College of Medical Sciences, IIMT University, Ganga Nagar, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Mohammad Muztaba
- Department of Pharmacology, Praduman Singh Sikshan Prasikshan Sansthan Pharmacy College, Phutahiya Sansarpur, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, 272001, India
| | - Tarmeen Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Subhartipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250005, India
| | - Jyoti Bala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Haramritpal Singh Sidhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Giani Zail Singh Campus College of Engineering & Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, India
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Parvanda R, Kala P, Sharma V. Bibliometric Analysis-Based Review of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing Method (1994-2020). 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:383-405. [PMID: 38389670 PMCID: PMC10880680 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at the detailed bibliometric analysis (BA) of fused deposition modeling (FDM) to understand the trend and research area. Web of Science database was used for extracting data using keywords, and 2793 documents were analyzed. From the analysis, the most influential and productive authors, countries, sources, and so on were identified and corresponding interrelations were represented by a three-field plot. Lotka's law was derived for author productivity and its reliability was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Bradford's law was used for identifying the core sources contributing to the field of FDM. From the trend topic analysis, it was found that initially the research was focused upon removing error related to deposition as well as part orientation, but with the course of time, it diversified to include topics such as optimization of printing parameters, materials, and applications. Based on the inferences from BA, the article also discusses on current research trend and highlights certain future areas for research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Parvanda
- Mechanical Engineering Department, BITS Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Prateek Kala
- Mechanical Engineering Department, BITS Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Kumar M, Sharma V. Shape Memory Effect of Four-Dimensional Printed Polylactic Acid-Based Scaffold with Nature-Inspired Structure. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:10-23. [PMID: 38389686 PMCID: PMC10880677 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The four-dimensional (4D) printing is an evolving technology that has immense scope in various fields of science and technology owing to ever-challenging needs of human. It is an innovative upgradation of 3D printing procedure, which instills smart capabilities into materials such that they respond to external stimulus. This article aims to investigate the feasibility of 4D printing of polylactic acid (PLA)-based composite scaffolds fabricated by incorporating four different nature-inspired architectures (honeycomb, giant water lily, spiderweb, and nautilus shell). The composites were developed by adding 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of Calcium Phosphate (CaP) into PLA. Various thermomechanical tests were accomplished to evaluate the properties of developed material. Furthermore, the shape memory characteristics of these scaffolds were examined using thermally controlled conditions. The characterization tests displayed favorable outcomes in terms of thermal stability and hydrophilic nature of the PLA and PLA/CaP composite materials. It was found that the honeycomb structure showed the best shape memory and mechanical behavior among the four designs. Furthermore, the introduction of CaP was found to enhance mechanical strength and shape memory property, whereas the surface integrity was adversely affected. This study can play a vital role in developing self-fitting high-shape recovery biomedical scaffolds for bone-repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar
- Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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Zarei M, Hasanzadeh Azar M, Sayedain SS, Shabani Dargah M, Alizadeh R, Arab M, Askarinya A, Kaviani A, Beheshtizadeh N, Azami M. Material extrusion additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid)/Ti6Al4V@calcium phosphate core-shell nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128040. [PMID: 37981284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of porous scaffolds with appropriate mechanical and biological features for the host tissue is one of the challenges in repairing critical-size bone defects. With today's three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, scaffolds can be customized and personalized, thereby eliminating the problems associated with conventional methods. In this work, after preparing Ti6Al4V/Calcium phosphate (Ti64@CaP) core-shell nanocomposite via a solution-based process, by taking advantage of fused deposition modeling (FDM), porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-Ti64@CaP nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that nanostructured calcium phosphate was distributed uniformly on the surface of Ti64 particles. Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that calcium phosphate forms an octacalcium phosphate (OCP) phase. As a result of incorporating 6 wt% Ti64@CaP into the PLA, the compressive modulus and ultimate compressive strength values increased from 1.4 GPa and 29.5 MPa to 2.0 GPa and 53.5 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, the differential scanning calorimetry results revealed an increase in the glass transition temperature of PLA, rising from 57.0 to 62.4 °C, due to the addition of 6 wt% Ti64@CaP. However, it is worth noting that there was a moderate decrease in the crystallization and melting temperatures of the nanocomposite filament, which dropped from 97.0 to 89.5 °C and 167 to 162.9 °C, respectively. The scaffolds were seeded with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) to investigate their biocompatibility and cell proliferation. Calcium deposition, ALP activity, and bone-related proteins and genes were also used to evaluate the bone differentiation potential of hADSCs. The obtained results showed that introducing Ti64@CaP considerably improved in vitro biocompatibility, facilitating the attachment, differentiation, and proliferation of hADSCs. Considering the findings of this study, the 3D-printed nanocomposite scaffold could be considered a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Zarei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hasanzadeh Azar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Shahab Sayedain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Alizadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Arab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Askarinya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kaviani
- Polymeric Materials Research Group (PMRG), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Madar Saheb MA, Kanagaraj M, Kannan S. Exploring the Biomedical Potential of PLA/Dysprosium Phosphate Composites via Extrusion-Based 3D Printing: Design, Morphological, Mechanical, and Multimodal Imaging and Finite Element Modeling. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5414-5425. [PMID: 37949434 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation demonstrates the feasibility of dysprosium phosphate (DyPO4) as an efficient additive in polylactide (PLA) to develop 3D printed scaffolds through the material extrusion (MEX) principle for application in bone tissue engineering. Initially, uniform sized particles of DyPO4 with tetragonal crystal setting are obtained and subsequently blended with different concentrations of PLA to extrude in the form of filaments. A maximum of 20 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix has been successfully drawn to yield a defect free filament. The resultant filaments were 3D printed through material extrusion methodology. The structural and morphological analysis confirmed the successful reinforcement of DyPO4 throughout the PLA matrix in all of the 3D printed components. All of the PLA/DyPO4 composites exhibited magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography contrasting properties, which were dependent on the dysprosium content in the PLA matrix. The detailed mechanical evaluation of the 3D printed PLA/DyPO4 composites ensured good strength accomplished by the reinforcement of 5 wt % DyPO4 in PLA matrix, beyond which a gradual decline in the strength is noticed. Representative volume elements models were developed to realize the intrinsic property of the PLA/DyPO4 composite, and finite element analysis under both static and dynamic loading conditions has been performed to account for the reliability of experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murugan Kanagaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Sanjeevi Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
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Mushtaq Alam M, Sugail M, Kannan S. Development, Physiochemical characterization, Mechanical and Finite element analysis of 3D printed Polylactide-β-TCP/α-Al 2O 3 composite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106161. [PMID: 37801964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, material extrusion (MEX) technique is utilized to develop 3D printed models based on reinforcing β-Ca3(PO4)2/α-Al2O3 composite in polylactide (PLA) matrix. β-Ca3(PO4)2/α-Al2O3 composite has been synthesized through co-precipitation method and the phase content of β-Ca3(PO4)2 and α-Al2O3 components are respectively determined as 64 and 36 wt%. The resultant β-Ca3(PO4)2/α-Al2O3 composite mixed with PLA at various weight ratios were extruded as filaments and subsequently 3D printed into definite shapes for the physiochemical, morphological and mechanical evaluation. 3D printed bodies that comprise 5 wt % β-Ca3(PO4)2/α-Al2O3 composite yielded an increasing tensile, compressive and flexural strength in the corresponding order of ∼15, ∼15 and 22% than 3D printed pure PLA. Further, the Representative volume element (RVE) unit cells developed based on the various investigated compositions of PLA-β-Ca3(PO4)2/α-Al2O3 were subjected to mechanical evaluation through Finite element analysis (FEA) under both static and dynamic loading conditions on ASTM standard specimens. The results from experimental and FEA analysis demonstrated good uniformity that confirmed the reinforcement of 5 wt % β-Ca3(PO4)2/α-Al2O3 in PLA matrix as an optimum combination to yield better mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mushtaq Alam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Mohamed Sugail
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - S Kannan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India.
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Mohol SS, Kumar M, Sharma V. PLA-based nature-inspired architecture for bone scaffolds: A finite element analysis. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107163. [PMID: 37329619 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The implantation of bio-degradable scaffolds is considered as a promising approach to address the repair of bone defects. This article aims to develop a computational approach to study the mechanical behaviour, fluid dynamic, and degradation impact on polylactic acid scaffolds with nature-inspired design structures. Scaffold design is considered to be one of the main factors for the regulation of mechanical characteristics and fluid flow dynamics. In this article, five scaffolds with different nature-inspired architectures have been designed within a specific porosity range. Based on finite element analysis, their mechanical behaviour and computational fluid dynamic study are performed to evaluate the respective properties of different scaffolds. In addition, diffusion-governed degradation analysis of the scaffolds has been performed to compute the total time required for the scaffold to degrade within a given environment. Based on the mechanical behaviour, the Spider-web architecture scaffold was found to have the least deformation, and also the lowest value of equivalent stress and strain. The Nautilus Shell architecture scaffold had the highest value of equivalent stress and strain. The permeability of all the scaffolds was found to meet the requirement of the cancellous bone. All computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results of wall shear stress are in line with the requirement for cell differentiation. It was observed that the Spider-web architecture scaffold had undergone the slowest degradation, and the Giant Water Lily architecture scaffold experienced the fastest degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Shankar Mohol
- Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, India; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, India.
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Cao M, Cui T, Yue Y, Li C, Guo X, Jia X, Wang B. Preparation and Characterization for the Thermal Stability and Mechanical Property of PLA and PLA/CF Samples Built by FFF Approach. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5023. [PMID: 37512297 PMCID: PMC10383206 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the mechanical performances of polylactic acid (PLA) samples prepared using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique are relatively poor. Hence, the carbon fiber (CF) is used to improve the thermal stability and mechanical property of FFF-ed PLA samples in this paper. The crystalline structure, thermal stability, melt flow rate, tensile strength and fractured surface morphology of PLA and PLA/CF samples were investigated with an X-ray diffraction device, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analyzer, melt flow rate equipment, universal tensile test machine and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Meanwhile, the reinforcement mechanism of CF on the mechanical property of PLA samples was also analyzed. XRD results revealed that the diffraction peaks intensities of PLA/CF sample were obviously lower than those of PLA sample. TGA and DSC curves illustrated that the initial thermal decomposition temperature, thermal stability and crystallinity of the PLA/CF sample improved significantly. The tensile strength of the PLA/CF sample was 91.58 MPa, which was 42.49% higher than that of the PLA sample. Moreover, SEM images showed that the fractured behavior of the PLA sample varied from brittle fracture to ductile fracture after the introduction of CF. The results concluded the CF is a feasible fiber for enhancing the performances of the PLA sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Cao
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Tianqi Cui
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Yuhang Yue
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Chaoyu Li
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Xue Guo
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Xin Jia
- Procurement & Equipment Department, China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100007, China
| | - Baojin Wang
- College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
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Moreno AI, Orozco Y, Ocampo S, Malagón S, Ossa A, Peláez-Vargas A, Paucar C, Lopera A, Garcia C. Effects of Propolis Impregnation on Polylactic Acid (PLA) Scaffolds Loaded with Wollastonite Particles against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Their Coculture for Potential Medical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2629. [PMID: 37376275 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diseases and injuries cause irreversible damage to bone tissues, which may require partial or total regeneration or replacement. Tissue engineering suggests developing substitutes that may contribute to the repair or regeneration process by using three-dimensional lattices (scaffolds) to create functional bone tissues. Herein, scaffolds comprising polylactic acid and wollastonite particles enriched with propolis extracts from the Arauca region of Colombia were developed as gyroid triply periodic minimal surfaces using fused deposition modeling. The propolis extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25175) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), which cause osteomyelitis. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle, swelling, and degradation. Their mechanical properties were assessed using static and dynamic tests. Cell viability/proliferation assay was conducted using hDP-MSC cultures, while their bactericidal properties against monospecies cultures (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) and cocultures were evaluated. The wollastonite particles did not affect the physical, mechanical, or thermal properties of the scaffolds. The contact angle results showed that there were no substantial differences in the hydrophobicity between scaffolds with and without particles. Scaffolds containing wollastonite particles suffered less degradation than those produced using PLA alone. A representative result of the cyclic tests at Fmax = 450 N showed that the maximum strain reached after 8000 cycles is well below the yield strain (i.e., <7.5%), thereby indicating that even under these stringent conditions, these scaffolds will be able to work properly. The scaffolds impregnated with propolis showed a lower % of cell viability using hDP-MSCs on the 3rd day, but these values increased on the 7th day. These scaffolds exhibited antibacterial activity against the monospecies cultures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis and their cocultures. The samples without propolis loads did not show inhibition halos, whereas those loaded with EEP exhibited halos of 17.42 ± 0.2 mm against S. aureus and 12.9 ± 0.5 mm against S. epidermidis. These results made the scaffolds possible bone substitutes that exert control over species with a proliferative capacity for the biofilm-formation processes required for typical severe infectious processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Moreno
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Yeison Orozco
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Sebastián Ocampo
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Sarita Malagón
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 055422, Colombia
| | - Alex Ossa
- School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Eafit, Medellín 050022, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Peláez-Vargas
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 055422, Colombia
| | - Carlos Paucar
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Alex Lopera
- Grupo de Nanoestructuras y Física Aplicada (NANOUPAR), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, La Paz 202017, Colombia
| | - Claudia Garcia
- Grupo de Cerámicos y Vítreos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
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Vach Agocsova S, Culenova M, Birova I, Omanikova L, Moncmanova B, Danisovic L, Ziaran S, Bakos D, Alexy P. Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4267. [PMID: 37374451 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a thorough overview of the available resorbable biomaterials appropriate for producing replacements for damaged tissues. In addition, their various properties and application possibilities are discussed as well. Biomaterials are fundamental components in tissue engineering (TE) of scaffolds and play a critical role. They need to exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, to ensure their ability to function effectively with an appropriate host response. With ongoing research and advancements in biomaterials for medical implants, the objective of this review is to explore recently developed implantable scaffold materials for various tissues. The categorization of biomaterials in this paper includes fossil-based materials (e.g., PCL, PVA, PU, PEG, and PPF), natural or bio-based materials (e.g., HA, PLA, PHB, PHBV, chitosan, fibrin, collagen, starch, and hydrogels), and hybrid biomaterials (e.g., PCL/PLA, PCL/PEG, PLA/PEG, PLA/PHB PCL/collagen, PCL/chitosan, PCL/starch, and PLA/bioceramics). The application of these biomaterials in both hard and soft TE is considered, with a particular focus on their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Furthermore, the interactions between scaffolds and the host immune system in the context of scaffold-driven tissue regeneration are discussed. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the concept of in situ TE, which leverages the self-renewal capacities of affected tissues and highlights the crucial role played by biopolymer-based scaffolds in this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vach Agocsova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Ivana Birova
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Barbora Moncmanova
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Ziaran
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nabrezie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piestany, Slovakia
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Limbova 5, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Bakos
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Alexy
- Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Panara a.s., Krskanska 21, 949 05 Nitra, Slovakia
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12
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Chakraborty R, Anoop AG, Thakur A, Mohanta GC, Kumar P. Strategies To Modify the Surface and Bulk Properties of 3D-Printed Solid Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5139-5156. [PMID: 36816674 PMCID: PMC9933196 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is one of the effective scaffold fabrication techniques that emerged in the 21st century that has the potential to revolutionize the field of tissue engineering. The solid scaffolds developed by 3D printing are still one of the most sought-after approaches for developing hard-tissue regeneration and repair. However, applications of these solid scaffolds get limited due to their poor surface and bulk properties, which play a significant role in tissue integration, loadbearing, antimicrobial/antifouling properties, and others. As a result, several efforts have been directed to modify the surface and bulk of these solid scaffolds. These modifications have significantly improved the adoption of 3D-printed solid scaffolds and devices in the healthcare industry. Nevertheless, the in vivo implant applications of these 3D-printed solid scaffolds/devices are still under development. They require attention in terms of their surface/bulk properties, which dictate their functionality. Therefore, in the current review, we have discussed different 3D-printing parameters that facilitate the fabrication of solid scaffolds/devices with different properties. Further, changes in the bulk properties through material and microstructure modification are also being discussed. After that, we deliberated on the techniques that modify the surfaces through chemical and material modifications. The computational approaches for the bulk modification of these 3D-printed materials are also mentioned, focusing on tissue engineering. We have also briefly discussed the application of these solid scaffolds/devices in tissue engineering. Eventually, the review is concluded with an analysis of the choice of surface/bulk modification based on the intended application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Chakraborty
- Biodesign
and Medical Device Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Abhijeet Govind Anoop
- Biodesign
and Medical Device Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Abhay Thakur
- Biodesign
and Medical Device Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Girish Chandra Mohanta
- Materials
Science and Sensor Applications Division, CSIR−Central Scientific Instruments Organizations (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Prasoon Kumar
- Biodesign
and Medical Device Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
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Garcia C, Orozco Y, Betancur A, Moreno AI, Fuentes K, Lopera A, Suarez O, Lobo T, Ossa A, Peláez-Vargas A, Paucar C. Fabrication of polycaprolactone/calcium phosphates hybrid scaffolds impregnated with plant extracts using 3D printing for potential bone regeneration. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13176. [PMID: 36798758 PMCID: PMC9925874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in critical bone diseases and defects in the world's population increases the need for bone substitutes to restore form and function. Organic and inorganic scaffolds with antibacterial properties could provide advantages for bone regeneration. In this study, we obtained scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) charged with calcium phosphates nanoparticles and impregnated with extracts of Colombian plants as an alternative for potential bone regeneration. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles were obtained via auto-combustion synthesis. The nanoparticles were incorporated into the PCL with a chemical dissolution-disperse process. The composite obtained was used to produce a filament to print Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) based scaffolds. Such geometry facilitates cellular growth thanks to its interconnected porosity. The scaffolds were impregnated with extracts of Justicia cf colorifera (Acanthaceae), and Billia rosea (Sapindaceae) due to their ancestral medical applications. A physical and biological characterization was conducted. The process to print scaffolds with an enhanced geometry to facilitate the flux of biological fluids was successful. The scaffolds loaded with B. rosea showed strong antibacterial behavior, suggesting the presence of reported terpenoids with antibacterial properties. The approach used in this study evidenced promising prospects for bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Garcia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Physics school, Grupo de Materiales Cerámicos y Vítreos, Colombia,Corresponding author. Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Carrera 65 # 59A-100, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Yeison Orozco
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Grupo de Materiales Cerámicos y Vítreos, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Betancur
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Grupo de Materiales Cerámicos y Vítreos, Colombia
| | - Ana Isabel Moreno
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Grupo de Materiales Cerámicos y Vítreos, Colombia
| | | | - Alex Lopera
- Grupo de Nanoestructuras y Física Aplicada (NANOUPAR), Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, Km 9 vía Valledupar La Paz, La Paz 202010, Colombia
| | - Oscar Suarez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Orinoquia, Colombia
| | - Tatiana Lobo
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Chemistry school, Colombia
| | - Alexander Ossa
- School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Eafit, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Carlos Paucar
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Medellín, Chemistry school, Grupo de Materiales Cerámicos y Vítreos, Colombia
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Ansari MAA, Jain PK, Nanda HS. Preparation of 3D printed calcium sulfate filled PLA scaffolds with improved mechanical and degradation properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023:1-22. [PMID: 36628582 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2167374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold is one of the key components for tissue engineering application. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has given a new avenue to the scaffolds design to closely mimic the real tissue. However, material selection has always been a challenge in adopting 3D printing for scaffolds fabrication, especially for hard tissue. The fused filament fabrication technique is one of the economical 3D printing technology available today, which can efficiently fabricate scaffolds with its key features. In the present study, a hybrid polymer-ceramic scaffold has been prepared by combining the benefit of synthetic biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and osteoconductive calcium sulphate (CaS), to harness the advantage of both materials. Composite PLA filament with maximum ceramic loading of 40 wt% was investigated for its printability and subsequently scaffolds were 3D printed. The composite filament was extruded at a temperature of 160 °C at a constant speed with an average diameter of 1.66 ± 0.34 mm. PLA-CaS scaffold with ceramic content of 10%, 20%, and 40% was 3D printed with square pore geometry. The developed scaffolds were characterized for their thermal stability, mechanical, morphological, and geometrical accuracy. The mechanical strength was improved by 29% at 20 wt% of CaS. The porosity was found to be 50-60% with an average pore size of 550 µm with well-interconnected pores. The effect of CaS particles on the degradation behaviour of scaffolds was also assessed over an incubation period of 28 days. The CaS particles acted as porogen and improved the surface chemistry for future cellular activity, while accelerating the degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aftab Alam Ansari
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Fused Filament Fabrication Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Jain
- Fused Filament Fabrication Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Himansu Sekhar Nanda
- Biomedical Engineering and Technology Lab, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Ruiz-Aguilar C. Porous phosphate-based bioactive glass /β-TCP scaffold for tooth remineralization. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284885. [PMID: 37200370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The total or partial loss of teeth in the Mexican population due to periodontal diseases and trauma causes the development of other conditions, such as limitations in chewing and grinding food, pronunciation difficulties, and oral aesthetic alterations. In Mexico, oral diseases have been described to affect 87% of the population, according to reports by the health services, emphasizing that pregnant women and patients with diabetes mellitus have the highest risk of presenting with severe periodontal diseases or tooth loss, according to findings by the Mexican Health Department's Specific Action Program for the prevention, detection, and control of oral health problems (2013-2018). There was a 92.6% prevalence of dental caries in the population examined, and the prevalence of periodontal problems, mainly in 40-year-olds, was above 95%. The objective of this investigation was to manufacture and characterize porous 3D scaffolds with innovative chemical compositions, using phosphate-based bioactive glass, beta-phase tricalcium phosphate, and zirconium oxide, in variable quantities. The scaffold manufacturing method combined two techniques: powder metallurgy and polymer foaming. The results obtained in this research were promising since the mechanically tested scaffolds showed values of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity in the range of human trabecular bone. On the other hand, the in vitro evaluation of the samples immersed in artificial saliva at days 7 and 14 presented the calcium/phosphorus ratio = 1.6; this value is identical to the reported state-of-the-art figure, corresponding to the mineral phase of the bones and teeth. Likewise, the precipitation of the flower-like morphology was observed on the entire surface of the scaffold without zirconia; this morphology is characteristic of hydroxyapatite. On the other hand, the samples with 0.5 and 1.0 mol% zirconia showed less hydroxyapatite formation, with a direct correlation between scaffold dissolution and the amount of zirconia added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Criseida Ruiz-Aguilar
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Queretaro, México
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Influence of Ceramic Particles Size and Ratio on Surface-Volume Features of the Naturally Derived HA-Reinforced Filaments for Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040199. [PMID: 36278668 PMCID: PMC9590078 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The intersection of the bone tissue reconstruction and additive manufacturing fields promoted the advancement to a prerequisite and new feedstock resource for high-performance bone-like-scaffolds manufacturing. In this paper, the proposed strategy was directed toward the use of bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for surface properties enhancement and mechanical features reinforcement of the poly(lactic acid) matrix for composite filaments extrusion. The involvement of completely naturally derived materials in the technological process was based on factors such as sustainability, low cost, and a facile and green synthesis route. After the HA isolation and extraction from bovine bones by thermal processing, milling, and sorting, two dependent parameters—the HA particles size (<40 μm, <100 μm, and >125 μm) and ratio (0−50% with increments of 10%)—were simultaneously modulated for the first time during the incorporation into the polymeric matrix. The resulting melt mixtures were divided for cast pellets and extruded filaments development. Based on the obtained samples, the study was further designed to examine several key features by complementary surface−volume characterization techniques. Hence, the scanning electron microscopy and micro-CT results for all specimens revealed a uniform and homogenous dispersion of HA particles and an adequate adhesion at the ceramic/polymer interface, without outline pores, sustained by the shape and surface features of the synthesized ceramic particles. Moreover, an enhanced wettability (contact angle in the ~70−21° range) and gradual mechanical takeover were indicated once the HA ratio increased, independent of the particles size, which confirmed the benefits and feasibility of evenly blending the natural ceramic/polymeric components. The results correlation led to the selection of optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of adequate composite filaments destined for future additive manufacturing and biomedical applications.
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17
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Vermeulen S, Birgani ZT, Habibovic P. Biomaterial-induced pathway modulation for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R, Omri A. Intervention of 3D printing in health care: transformation for sustainable development. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1659-1672. [PMID: 34520310 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1981287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) technology is the practice of dropping material layer-by-layer in the construction of the desired object. The application of the 3D printing technique has been observed in miscellaneous domains. Personalized medicine becomes the most demanding trend in the health-care segment. Several advancements have been observed in the progress of 3D printing. However, the availability of finished products in the marketplace is very less. There is an utmost requirement to improve the knowledge and skills in the sustainable development of pharmaceutical and medical products by selecting suitable techniques and materials. AREAS COVERED This article covers the fundamental process of 3D printing, types, pharmaceutical-medical application, benefits, and challenges. EXPERT OPINION This technology is capable of designing the complex geometry of an organ. It is feasible to produce drug products by incorporating multiple drugs in various compartments in such a fashion that these drugs can release from the compartment at a predetermined rate. Additionally, this 3D process has the potential to revolutionize personalized therapy to different age-groups through design flexibility and accurate dosing. In the upcoming years, the potential application of this technology can be seen in a clinical setting where patients will get individualized medicine as per their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kumar Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Monalisha Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Elhattab K, Bhaduri SB, Lawrence JG, Sikder P. Fused Filament Fabrication (Three-Dimensional Printing) of Amorphous Magnesium Phosphate/Polylactic Acid Macroporous Biocomposite Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3276-3286. [PMID: 35014414 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of this paper is to develop novel ceramic-polymer-based biocomposite orthopedic scaffolds with the help of additive manufacturing. Specifically, we incorporate a bioceramic known as amorphous magnesium phosphate (AMP) into polylactic acid (PLA) with the help of the melt-blending technique. Magnesium phosphate (MgP) was chosen as the bioactive component as previous studies have confirmed its favorable biomaterial properties, especially in orthopedics. Special care was taken to develop constant diameter AMP-PLA composite filaments, which would serve as feedstock for a fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based three-dimensional (3D) printer. Before the filaments were used for FFF, a thorough set of characterization protocols comprising of phase analysis, microstructure evaluations, thermal analysis, rheological analysis, and in vitro degradation determinations was performed on the biocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results confirmed a homogenous dispersion of AMP particles in the PLA matrix. Rheological studies demonstrated good printability behavior of the AMP-PLA filaments. In vitro degradation studies indicated a faster degradation rate in the case of AMP-PLA filaments as compared to the single phase PLA filaments. Subsequently, the filaments were fed into an FFF setup, and tensile bars and design-specific macroporous AMP-PLA scaffolds were printed. The biocomposite exhibited favorable mechanical properties. Furthermore, in vitro cytocompatibility results revealed higher pre-osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation on AMP-PLA scaffolds as compared to single-phase PLA scaffolds. Altogether, this study provides a proof of concept that design-specific bioactive AMP-PLA biocomposite scaffolds fabricated by FFF can be potential candidates as medical implants in orthopedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Elhattab
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sarit B Bhaduri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States.,EEC Division, Directorate of Engineering, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, United States
| | - Joseph G Lawrence
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Prabaha Sikder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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