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Bhattacharya T, Preetam S, Mukherjee S, Kar S, Roy DS, Singh H, Ghose A, Das T, Mohapatra G. Anticancer activity of quantum size carbon dots: opportunities and challenges. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:122. [PMID: 39103694 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Research into the anticancer activity of quantum-sized carbon dots (CDs) has emerged as a promising avenue in cancer research. This CDs delves into the opportunities and challenges associated with harnessing the potential of these nanostructures for combating cancer. Quantum-sized carbon dots, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, exhibit distinct advantages as potential therapeutic agents. Opportunities lie in their tunable size, surface functionalization capabilities, and biocompatibility, enabling targeted drug delivery and imaging in cancer cells. However, we include challenges, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms, potential toxicity concerns, and the optimization of synthesis methods for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. A succinct summary of the state of the research in this area is given in this review, emphasizing the exciting possibilities and ongoing challenges in utilizing quantum-sized carbon dots as a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Bhattacharya
- Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Subham Preetam
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohini Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Sanjukta Kar
- Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Amity University Kolkata, Kadampukur, India
| | | | - Harshita Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arak Ghose
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tanmoy Das
- Faculty of Engineering, Lincoln University College, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Gautam Mohapatra
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Wang H, Sun S, Zhao Y, Wang P, Zhou Y, Sun H, Yang J, Cheng K, Li S, Lin H. Carbon Dots with Integrated Photothermal Antibacterial and Heat-Enhanced Antioxidant Properties for Diabetic Wound Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403160. [PMID: 39051538 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds pose a persistent challenge due to their slow healing nature, primarily caused by bacterial infection and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced inflammation. In this study, carbon dots with synergistic antibacterial and antioxidant properties, referred to as AA-CDs, are developed specifically for diabetic wound healing using a straightforward solvothermal method. By utilizing cost-effective precursors like citric acid and ascorbic acid, AA-CDs are engineered to possess tailored functions of photothermal sterilization and ROS scavenging. The resulting AA-CDs demonstrats broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, particularly against multidrug-resistant strains, along with efficient ROS scavenging both in solution and within cells. Additionally, AA-CDs exhibits a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage. Notably, with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (41.18%), AA-CDs displays heat-enhanced antioxidant performance, providing not only augmented ROS scavenging but also additional protection against oxidative stress, yielding a true "1 + 1 > 2" effect. To facilitate their use in vivo, AA-CDs are incorporated into a thermally responsive hydrogel, which exhibits evident anti-inflammatory properties by modulating inflammatory factors and significantly promots the healing of diabetic wounds. This study underscores the value of integrated platforms for diabetic wound healing and highlights the potential of versatile CDs as promising therapeutic agents in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henggang Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Shan Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yonghua Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Haoyi Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jin Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Si Li
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- International Joint Research Center for Photo-responsive Molecules and Materials School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Eker F, Duman H, Akdaşçi E, Bolat E, Sarıtaş S, Karav S, Witkowska AM. A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles: From Classification to Application and Toxicity. Molecules 2024; 29:3482. [PMID: 39124888 PMCID: PMC11314082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are structures that possess unique properties with high surface area-to-volume ratio. Their small size, up to 100 nm, and potential for surface modifications have enabled their use in a wide range of applications. Various factors influence the properties and applications of NPs, including the synthesis method and physical attributes such as size and shape. Additionally, the materials used in the synthesis of NPs are primary determinants of their application. Based on the chosen material, NPs are generally classified into three categories: organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. These categories include a variety of materials, such as proteins, polymers, metal ions, lipids and derivatives, magnetic minerals, and so on. Each material possesses unique attributes that influence the activity and application of the NPs. Consequently, certain NPs are typically used in particular areas because they possess higher efficiency along with tenable toxicity. Therefore, the classification and the base material in the NP synthesis hold significant importance in both NP research and application. In this paper, we discuss these classifications, exemplify most of the major materials, and categorize them according to their preferred area of application. This review provides an overall review of the materials, including their application, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Ecem Bolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sümeyye Sarıtaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (F.E.); (H.D.); (E.A.); (E.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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Wang Q, Yang Q. Seizing the Hidden Assassin: Current Detection Strategies for Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39031091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a kind of pathogenic bacteria which can lead to food poisoning, hospital, and community infections. S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have become headaches for public health worldwide. Therefore, strengthening the detection of S. aureus and MRSA is a critical step to prevent and control its spread and infection. This review summarized multiple detection methods (electrochemical, optical, and other biosensors) for sensitive and efficient detection of nonresistant and resistant S. aureus. First, we have introduced the principle and methods of detection platform for S. aureus and MRSA. We also contrasted various detection strategies. Finally, the current situation and prospect of S. aureus and MRSA detection in the future are explored in depth, and its development direction of detection methods is also predicted. In this review, we found that although biosensors have shown tremendous brilliance in the field of monitoring, they are currently in the experimental stage. It can be certain that we are very close to entering the commercialization stage. The point-of care testing available to nonprofessionals will become a new direction. We firmly believe that the monitoring system will be more perfect and stable and public life will be healthier and safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, no. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, no. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China
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Hou M, Xia B, Qu R, Dong J, Li T, Wang S, Wang Y, Dong W. Preparation of the double cross-linking carbon dots-polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose composite film for food active packaging application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132939. [PMID: 38866266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper prepared a new kind of carbon dots-polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose composite film with antibacterial properties. Carbon dots and citric acid were used as cross-linking agents, and polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose were used as matrices respectively. The mechanical properties, UV shielding performance, thermal stability, antioxidant capability, and antibacterial activities of the carbon dots-polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose composite film were researched. The prepared carbon dots-polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose composite film was applied in the strawberry freshness preservation test. And test results indicated that the carbon dots-polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose composite film could prevent rotting and extend the shelf life of strawberries. This carbon dots-polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose composite film could be applied in the food active packaging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bihua Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Runyi Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jialei Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shibo Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Parvin N, Kumar V, Joo SW, Mandal TK. Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Healthcare. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1085. [PMID: 38998691 PMCID: PMC11243447 DOI: 10.3390/nano14131085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and carbon 2D nanosheets (graphene, graphene oxide, and graphdiyne), have shown remarkable potential in various biological applications. CQDs offer tunable photoluminescence and excellent biocompatibility, making them suitable for bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy. Additionally, CQDs' unique properties enable bioimaging-guided therapy and targeted imaging of biomolecules. On the other hand, carbon 2D nanosheets exhibit exceptional physicochemical attributes, with graphene excelling in biosensing and bioimaging, also in drug delivery and antimicrobial applications, and graphdiyne in tissue engineering. Their properties, such as tunable porosity and high surface area, contribute to controlled drug release and enhanced tissue regeneration. However, challenges, including long-term biocompatibility and large-scale synthesis, necessitate further research. Potential future directions encompass theranostics, immunomodulation, neural interfaces, bioelectronic medicine, and expanding bioimaging capabilities. In summary, both CQDs and carbon 2D nanosheets hold promise to revolutionize biomedical sciences, offering innovative solutions and improved therapies in diverse biological contexts. Addressing current challenges will unlock their full potential and can shape the future of medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Tapas Kumar Mandal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (N.P.); (V.K.)
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Sun L, Zhao Y, Peng H, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Yan J, Liu Y, Guo S, Wu X, Li B. Carbon dots as a novel photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer and bacterial infectious diseases: recent advances. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:210. [PMID: 38671474 PMCID: PMC11055261 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are novel carbon-based nanomaterials that have been used as photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in recent years due to their good photosensitizing activity. Photosensitizers (PSs) are main components of PDT that can produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when stimulated by light source, which have the advantages of low drug resistance and high therapeutic efficiency. CDs can generate ROS efficiently under irradiation and therefore have been extensively studied in disease local phototherapy. In tumor therapy, CDs can be used as PSs or PS carriers to participate in PDT and play an extremely important role. In bacterial infectious diseases, CDs exhibit high bactericidal activity as CDs are effective in disrupting bacterial cell membranes leading to bacterial death upon photoactivation. We focus on recent advances in the therapy of cancer and bacteria with CDs, and also briefly summarize the mechanisms and requirements for PSs in PDT of cancer, bacteria and other diseases. We also discuss the role CDs play in combination therapy and the potential for future applications against other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyi Peng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Susu Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
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Bai X, Zhang X, Xiao J, Lin X, Lin R, Zhang R, Deng X, Zhang M, Wei W, Lan B, Weng S, Chen M. Endowing Polyetheretherketone with Anti-Infection and Immunomodulatory Properties through Guanidination Carbon Dots Modification to Promote Osseointegration in Diabetes with MRSA Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302873. [PMID: 38041688 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection and compromised immunity are the severe complications associated with implantation surgery in diabetes mellitus. Enhancing the antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties of implants represents an effective approach to improve the osseointegration of implant in diabetes mellitus. Herein, guanidination carbon dots (GCDs) with antibacterial and immunoregulatory functions are synthesized. The GCDs demonstrate killing effect on MRSA without detectable induced resistance. Additionally, they promote the polarization of macrophages from the M1 to M2 subtype, with the inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting anti-inflammatory factors. Correspondingly, GCDs are immobilized onto sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SP@GCDs) using a polyvinyl butyraldehyde (PVB) coating layer through soaking-drying technique. SP@GCDs maintain stable antibacterial efficacy against MRSA for six consecutive days and retain the immunomodulatory function, while also possessing the long-term storage stability and biocompatibility of more than 6 months. Moreover, SP@GCDs significantly promote the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. SP@GCDs facilitate osteogenesis through immunoregulatory. Additionally, SP@GCDs exert stable antibacterial and immune regulatory functions in implantation site of a diabetes rat, effectively promoting implant osseointegration regardless of the MRSA infection. These findings provide valuable insights into implant modification through designing nanomaterials with multifunction for enhancing osseointegration of diabetes mellitus, suggesting the promising clinical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Xintian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Jiecheng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Rongjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Wenqin Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, P. R. China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, P. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, P. R. China
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Najmalden Ghaibullah Ghaibullah Y, Foto E, Ozdemir N, Zilifdar Foto F, Arslan G, Sargin I. Antibacterial potentials of carbon dots immobilized on chitosan and glass surfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128586. [PMID: 38056753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their antibacterial activity, chitosan‑carbon dot composites possess great potential for pharmaceuticals, medicine, and food preservation. Conducting a comprehensive study of the interactions between chitosan, carbon dots, and bacteria is crucial to understanding the processes behind applying these composites. This study aimed to immobilize carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from Elaeagnus angustifolia fruits on chitosan and glass microbeads' surfaces, to characterize the test materials obtained after synthesis and immobilization, and to investigate their antibacterial potentials. C-dot synthesis was carried out from water extract in an acidic medium with the help of microwave irradiation, and their structural and optical properties were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, Zeta potential, and fluorescence methods. The surface of the glass microbeads was first activated and functionalized with surface amine groups with a silaning agent. C-dots were immobilized on both glass and chitosan microbeads using a crosslinking agent. Antibacterial potentials of nine different test materials, obtained before or after immobilization, were evaluated both qualitatively (MIC and MBC) and quantitatively (GI50) on E. coli, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, with the standard broth microdilution method. FT-IR and SEM-EDX analyses showed that C-dots were immobilized on chitosan (˂1 mm) and glass (˂100 μm) microbead surfaces. C-dots reduced the cell viability by ~25 % on S. typhimurium and B. subtilis (MIC = 25 mg/mL). It was also found that the highest antibacterial effect was recorded for C-dots-glass microbeads, which had a toxic effect of 43 % on S. aureus. In addition, binding C-dots to glass microbeads increased the antibacterial effect selectively in Gram-positive bacteria, while binding to chitosan microbeads was effective in all bacteria. The study showed that the antibacterial potential of C-dots-chitosan microbeads is more effective than C-dots-glass microbeads. C-dots could be used as carbon-based nanomaterials in antibacterial surface preparation once immobilized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Egemen Foto
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Naciye Ozdemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zilifdar Foto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsin Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Idris Sargin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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10
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Ioannou P, Baliou S, Samonis G. Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:121. [PMID: 38391507 PMCID: PMC10886108 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), along with the relative reduction in the production of new antimicrobials, significantly limits the therapeutic options in infectious diseases. Thus, novel treatments, especially in the current era, where AMR is increasing, are urgently needed. There are several ongoing studies on non-classical therapies for infectious diseases, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and nanotechnology, among others. Nanomaterials involve materials on the nanoscale that could be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases from a clinician's perspective, with a focus on pathogens with AMR. Applications of nanomaterials in diagnosis, by taking advantage of their electrochemical, optic, magnetic, and fluorescent properties, are described. Moreover, the potential of metallic or organic nanoparticles (NPs) in the treatment of infections is also addressed. Finally, the potential use of NPs in the development of safe and efficient vaccines is also reviewed. Further studies are needed to prove the safety and efficacy of NPs that would facilitate their approval by regulatory authorities for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ioannou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stella Baliou
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Samonis
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital of Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
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11
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Cui T, Wu Y, Wang Z, Ban Q, Cheng J. Construction and properties of a carbon dots-decorated gelatin-dialdehyde starch hydrogel with pH response release and antibacterial activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127929. [PMID: 37972844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
An antibacterial carbon dot hydrogel (GDSS-PCD) was constructed based on gelatin, dialdehyde starch (DS) and carbon dots (S-PCDs). The formation mechanism of GDSS-PCD hydrogels was attributed to the synergistic cross-linking of hydrogen bonds and dynamic covalent bonds. With increasing S-PCD content, the mechanical and rheological properties of GDSS-PCD hydrogels can be improved, and the micropore size becomes denser. GDSS-PCD hydrogels had pH-dependent swelling and degradation behavior, with a high swelling rate under acidic conditions and relatively low swelling under neutral and alkaline conditions. The cumulative release of S-PCDs from the same hydrogel in an acidic environment was higher than that in an alkaline environment, indicating that the GDSS-PCD hydrogel had a pH-dependent controlled release ability. The release behavior of S-PCDs conformed to the first-order kinetic release model (R2 > 0.95), and the release mechanism was related to Fickian diffusion. The synergistic antibacterial mechanism of GDSS-PCD hydrogels against Staphylococcus aureus suggested that bacterial metabolism leads to an acidic culture environment, which releases S-PCDs and destroys the bacterial cell membrane for antibacterial purposes. In GDSS-PCD hydrogels, S-PCDs play the main antibacterial role, and the hydrogel plays a synergistic role in trapping bacteria. Carbon dot hydrogels are promising materials to fulfil the functions of antibacterial and controlled release in the food and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cui
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingfeng Ban
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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12
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Zong M, Zhang Z, Ning X, Cheng H, Zhao Y, Ren J, Liu Y, Zhang R, Cui J, Hou Y, Li B, Wu X. Synthesis of multicolor luminescent carbon dots based on carboxymethyl chitosan for cell imaging and wound healing application: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127405. [PMID: 37832617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of biomaterials that can facilitate wound healing is significantly challenging in the medical field, and bacterial infections increase this complexity. In this study, we selected the biomacromolecule carboxymethyl chitosan as a carbon source and citric acid as an auxiliary carbon source. We prepared carbon quantum dots with multicolor luminescence properties and higher quantum yields (QYs) using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. We characterized them to select carbon dots (CDs) suitable for cell growth. Subsequently, their biocompatibility with L929 cells, antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, and efficiency in promoting wound healing in vivo were investigated. Our experimental results showed that CDs at an appropriate concentration had excellent bioimaging ability, were suitable for cell growth, and accelerated the healing of infected wounds. We believe these bioactive CDs have great potential in promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zheyuan Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao Ning
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huaiyi Cheng
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianing Ren
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuxi Hou
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Material, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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13
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Cui T, Fan Y, Liu Y, Fan X, Sun Y, Cheng G, Cheng J. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Self-Assembly Spermidine-Capped Carbon Dots against Staphylococcus aureus. Foods 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 38201095 PMCID: PMC10778379 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of spermidine-capped carbon dots (S-PCDs) against Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that there were a large number of amino groups on the surface of S-PCDs and they had a high positive charge (+47.06 mV), which could be adsorbed on the negatively charged bacterial surface through electrostatic interaction and changed the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane. The extracellular protein and nucleic acid contents of S. aureus treated with S-PCDs were 5.4 and 1.2 times higher than those of the control group, respectively. The surface folds and defects of the bacterial cell membrane, and the leakage of cell contents were observed using SEM and TEM. The expression of metabolic oxidation regulatory genes dmpI, narJ and narK was upregulated and the intracellular ROS generation was induced, causing bacterial oxidative stress and eventually bacterial death. S-PCDs can effectively inhibit biofilm formation and had low cytotoxicity. The S-PCD treatment successfully inhibited microbial reproduction when pasteurized milk was stored at 25 °C and 4 °C. These results provide important insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of S-PCDs and lay the foundation for their application in the food field as a potentially novel bacteriostatic nanomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cui
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ya Fan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Xuejing Fan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Yuxue Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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14
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Parambil AM, Prasad A, Tomar AK, Ghosh I, Rajamani P. Biogenic carbon dots: a novel mechanistic approach to combat multidrug-resistant critical pathogens on the global priority list. J Mater Chem B 2023; 12:202-221. [PMID: 38073612 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02374e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study delves into investigating alternative methodologies for anti-microbial therapy by focusing on the mechanistic assessment of carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from F. benghalensis L. extracts. These biogenic CDs have shown remarkable broad-spectrum anti-bacterial activity even against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, prompting a deeper examination of their potential as novel anti-microbial agents. The study highlights the significant detrimental impact of CDs on bacterial cells through oxidative damage, which disrupts the delicate balance of ROS control within the cells. Notably, even at low doses, the anti-bacterial activity of CDs against MDR strains of P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae is highly effective, demonstrating their promise as potent antimicrobial agents. The research sheds light on the capacity of CDs to generate ROS, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation, loss of membrane potential, and rupture of bacterial cell membranes, resulting in cytoplasmic leakage. SEM and TEM analysis revealed time-dependent cell surface, morphological, and ultrastructural changes such as elongation of the cells, irregular surface protrusion, cell wall and cell membrane disintegration, internalization, and aggregations of CDs. These mechanisms offer a comprehensive explanation of how CDs exert their anti-bacterial effects. We also determined the status of plasma membrane integrity and evaluated live (viable) and dead cells upon CD exposure by flow cytometry. Furthermore, comet assay, biochemical assays, and SDS PAGE identify DNA damage, carbohydrate and protein leakage, and distinct differences in protein expression, adding another layer of understanding to the mechanisms behind CDs' anti-bacterial activity. These findings pave the way for future research on managing ROS levels and developing CDs with enhanced anti-bacterial properties, presenting a breakthrough in anti-microbial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Manayil Parambil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Abhinav Prasad
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Anuj Kumar Tomar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India.
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15
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Zhao L, Ma Y, Sun Z, Zhang X, Liu M. Boric Acid-Functionalized Carbon Dots as a High-Performance Antibacterial Agent against Escherichia coli. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18302-18310. [PMID: 38055953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and antibiotic abuse are a global threat to human health. In recent years, there has been a boom in research on antimicrobial agents with low toxicity and efficient nanomaterials. Boric acid-functionalized carbon dots (B-CDs) with negative surface charge were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Covalent bonds were formed between the boric acid groups and the cis-diol groups of the polysaccharide in the bacterial cell wall, and numerous B-CDs were trapped on the bacterial surface. In the experiments of antibacterial activity, B-CDs presented strong bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 12.5 μg/mL. The antibacterial mechanism suggested that B-CDs entered the cell interior by diffusion and posed significant damage to the double helix structure of E. coli DNA. Furthermore, B-CDs exhibited low toxicity. The results demonstrated that the novel antimicrobial B-CDs not only fought against E. coli infection and antibiotic misuse but also provided new ideas for safe and effective antimicrobial agents of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhaomeng Sun
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Mei Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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16
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Sheng P, Bu C, Hui T, Zhou L, Chen H, Zhou G. Polydopamine-activated celastrol carbon dots for synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal therapy of tumors. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100218. [PMID: 38033396 PMCID: PMC10681950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) holds the promise of addressing the weakness of individualized chemotherapy and PTT. In this study, we synthesized a chemotherapeutic agent, PDA-Ce-CDs, which combines the photothermal conversion ability and the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), enabling synergistic enhancement of antitumor effects. Furthermore, the localized heating effect of NIR radiation promoted the uptake of the PDA-Ce-CDs and enhances the sensitivity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, the antitumor activity of the PDA-Ce-CDs was evaluated through cell experiments and tumor-bearing mice experiments, confirming its excellent antitumor efficacy in vivo and in vitro. Our work presents a new strategy in cancer treatment by utilizing carbon dots in combination with photothermal agents for synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal therapy. This innovative approach offers a new therapeutic avenue for synergistic tumor treatment by harnessing the combined effects of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Sheng
- College of life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Chao Bu
- College of life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Tanyue Hui
- College of life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- College of life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhou
- College of life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
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17
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Gujju R, Dewanjee S, Singh K, Andugulapati SB, Tirunavalli SK, Jaina VK, Kandimalla R, Misra S, Puvvada N. Carbon Dots' Potential in Wound Healing: Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization and Demonstrating Antibacterial Properties for Accelerated Recovery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4814-4827. [PMID: 37886889 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and persistent inflammation can impede the intrinsic healing process of wounds. To combat this issue, researchers have delved into the potential use of carbon dots (CDs) in the regulation of inflammation and counteract infections. These CDs were synthesized using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process and have demonstrated outstanding antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, CDs displayed biocompatibility at therapeutic concentrations and the ability to specifically target mitochondria. CD treatment effectively nullified lipopolysaccharide-triggered reactive oxygen species production by macrophages, while simultaneously promoting macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), leading to a reduction in inflammation and an acceleration in wound healing. In vitro scratch assays also revealed that CDs facilitated the tissue-repairing process by stimulating epithelial cell migration during reepithelialization. In vivo studies using CDs topically applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated wounds in C57/BL6 mice demonstrated significant improvements in wound healing due to enhanced fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. Crucially, histological investigations showed no indications of systemic toxicity in vital organs. Collectively, the application of CDs has shown immense potential in speeding up the wound-healing process by regulating inflammation, preventing bacterial infections, and promoting tissue repair. These results suggest that further clinical translation of CDs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Gujju
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kamini Singh
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Satya Krishna Tirunavalli
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Jaina
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nagaprasad Puvvada
- Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522237, India
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18
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Bauer EM, Talone A, Imperatori P, Briancesco R, Bonadonna L, Carbone M. The Addition of Co into CuO-ZnO Oxides Triggers High Antibacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2823. [PMID: 37947668 PMCID: PMC10649786 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a simple two-step method is proposed for mixed oxide synthesis aimed at the achievement of antibacterial nanomaterials. In particular, Cu, Zn and Co have been selected to achieve single-, double- and triple-cation oxides. The synthesized samples are characterized by XRD, IR, SEM and EDX, indicating the formation of either crystalline or amorphous hydrocarbonate precursors. The oxides present one or two crystalline phases, depending on their composition; the triple-cation oxides form a solid solution of tenorite. Also, the morphology of the samples varies with the composition, yielding nanoparticles, filaments and hydrangea-like microaggregates. The antibacterial assays are conducted against E. coli and indicate an enhanced efficacy, especially displayed by the oxide containing 3% Co and 9% Zn incorporated into the CuO lattice. The oxides with the highest antibacterial properties are tested for their cytotoxicity, indicating a low toxicity impact, in line with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Maria Bauer
- Institute of Structure of Matter-Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (E.M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Alessandro Talone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Imperatori
- Institute of Structure of Matter-Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.3, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy; (E.M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Rossella Briancesco
- National Center for Water Safety, Italian National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Lucia Bonadonna
- National Center for Water Safety, Italian National Health Institute, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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19
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Fang M, Lin L, Zheng M, Liu W, Lin R. Antibacterial functionalized carbon dots and their application in bacterial infections and inflammation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9386-9403. [PMID: 37720998 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01543b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and inflammation pose a severe threat to human health and the social economy. The existence of super-bacteria and the increasingly severe phenomenon of antibiotic resistance highlight the development of new antibacterial agents. Due to low cytotoxicity, high biocompatibility, and different antibacterial mechanisms from those for antibiotics, functionalized carbon dots (FCDs) promise a new platform for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. However, few articles have systematically sorted out the available antibacterial mechanisms for FCDs and their application in the treatment of bacterial inflammation. This review focuses on the available antibacterial mechanisms for FCDs, including covalent and non-covalent interactions, reactive oxygen species, photothermal therapy, and size effect. Meanwhile, the design of antibacterial FCDs is introduced, including surface modification, doping, and combination with other nanomaterials. Furthermore, this review specifically concentrates on the research advances of antibacterial FCDs in the treatment of bacterial inflammation. Finally, the advantages and challenges of applying FCDs in practical antimicrobial applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Liping Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Muyue Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rongguang Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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20
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Zhu H, Peng N, Liang X, Yang S, Cai S, Chen Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Synthesis, properties and mechanism of carbon dots-based nano-antibacterial materials. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062002. [PMID: 37722396 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfada] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of diseases, but bacterial resistance caused by their widespread and unreasonable use has become an urgent problem in clinical treatment. With the rapid advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, the development of nanomedicine has been transformed into a new approach to the problem of bacterial resistance. As a new type of carbon-based nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted the interest of antibacterial researchers due to their ease of preparation, amphiphilicity, facile surface functionalization, and excellent optical properties, among other properties. This article reviewed the synthesis methods and properties of various CDs and their composites in order to highlight the advancements in the field of CDs-based antibacterial agents. Then we focused on the relationship between the principal properties of CDs and the antibacterial mechanism, including the following: (1) the physical damage caused by the small size, amphiphilicity, and surface charge of CDs. (2) Photogenerated electron transfer characteristics of CDs that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in themselves or in other compounds. The ability of ROS to oxidize can lead to the lipid peroxidation of cell membranes, as well as damage proteins and DNA. (3) The nano-enzyme properties of CDs can catalyze reactions that generate ROS. (4) Synergistic antibacterial effect of CDs and antibiotics or other nanocomposites. Finally, we look forward to the challenges that CDs-based nanocomposites face in practical antibacterial applications and propose corresponding solutions to further expand the application potential of nanomaterials in the treatment of infectious diseases, particularly drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghao Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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21
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Zhang X, Wu P, Hao X, Liu J, Huang Z, Weng S, Chen W, Huang L, Huang J. Quaternized carbon dots with enhanced antimicrobial ability towards Gram-negative bacteria for the treatment of acute peritonitis caused by E. coli. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7696-7706. [PMID: 37458409 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria still pose a clinical challenge. Although nanomaterials have been developed for antibacterial treatments, a systematic evaluation of the mechanisms and intervention models of antibacterial materials toward Gram-negative bacteria is still lacking. Herein, antibacterial quaternized carbon dots (QCDs) were synthesized via a one-step melting method using anhydrous citric acid and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDA). The QCDs exhibited effective broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and enhanced inhibitory ability towards Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial mechanism of the QCDs with respect to Gram-negative bacteria was investigated through the characterization of bacterial morphology changes, the absorption modes of the QCDs on bacteria, and the potential generation of reactive oxygen species by the QCDs. The QCDs showed low toxicity in different cells, and did not cause hemolysis. The QCDs were administered via intraperitoneal injection to treat acute peritonitis in mice infected with E. coli. Routine blood examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathological analysis were undertaken and it was found that, similar to the positive control group treated with gentamicin sulfate, the QCDs exhibited a therapeutic effect that eliminated infection and inflammation. This study explores a controllable synthetic strategy for the synthesis of active carbon dots with antibacterial activity, a material that is a promising candidate for new treatments of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Pingping Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Jiamiao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Zhengjun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Lingling Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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22
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Zhao WB, Liu KK, Wang Y, Li FK, Guo R, Song SY, Shan CX. Antibacterial Carbon Dots: Mechanisms, Design, and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300324. [PMID: 37178318 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance promotes the situation of developing new antibiotics at the forefront, while the development of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals is equally significant. In the post-antibiotic era, nanomaterials with high antibacterial efficiency and no drug resistance make them attractive candidates for antibacterial materials. Carbon dots (CDs), as a kind of carbon-based zero-dimensional nanomaterial, are attracting much attention for their multifunctional properties. The abundant surface states, tunable photoexcited states, and excellent photo-electron transfer properties make sterilization of CDs feasible and are gradually emerging in the antibacterial field. This review provides comprehensive insights into the recent development of CDs in the antibacterial field. The topics include mechanisms, design, and optimization processes, and their potential practical applications are also highlighted, such as treatment of bacterial infections, against bacterial biofilms, antibacterial surfaces, food preservation, and bacteria imaging and detection. Meanwhile, the challenges and outlook of CDs in the antibacterial field are discussed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fu-Kui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shi-Yu Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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23
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Manikandan V, Min SC. Biofabrication of carbon quantum dots and their food packaging applications: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1159-1171. [PMID: 37362813 PMCID: PMC10290018 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of novel carbon nanomaterials (< 10 nm). These zero-dimensional CQDs have recently invoked significant interest due to their high fluorescence ability, strong electronic conductivity, biocompatibility, excellent chemical stability, non-toxicity, and environmental safety. Bio-fabrication of CQDs from organic resources remains attractive owing to their excellent functional properties. An emerging class of CQDs is fabricated by various conventional methods. However, these methods need many chemical agents and instrument facilities. Bio-fabrication of CQDs has a lot of benefits because of its simple fabrication and eco-friendly. Therefore, the green synthesized CQDs are considered optimistic candidates for developing novel functional materials for food packaging applications. Thus, it is important to investigate the latest update on green-based CQDs for food packaging applications. This current review paper discusses the physicochemical properties of CQDs, the bio-fabrication of CQDs, and the fluorescent properties of CQDs along with their food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Manikandan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Sea Cheol Min
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01797 Republic of Korea
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24
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Nurtay L, Benassi E, Nazir F, Dastan D, Utupova A, Dautov A, Dukenbayev K, Xie Y, Pham TT, Fan H. Novel carbon nanozymes with enhanced phosphatase-like catalytic activity for antimicrobial applications. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:76. [PMID: 37382706 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Sulfur and Nitrogen co-doped carbon nanoparticles (SN-CNPs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using dried beet powder as the carbon source. TEM and AFM images indicated that these SN-CNPs form a round-shape ball with an approximate diameter of 50 nm. The presence of Sulfur and Nitrogen in these carbon-based nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and XPS analyses. These SN-CNPs were found to have strong phosphatase-like enzymatic activity. The enzymatic behavior of SN-CNPs follows the Michaelis-Menten mechanism with greater vmax and much lower Km values compared to alkaline phosphatase. Their antimicrobial properties were tested on E. coli and L. lactis, with MIC values of 63 μg mL-1 and 250 μg mL-1, respectively. SEM and AFM images of fixed and live E. coli cells revealed that SN-CNPs strongly interacted with the outer membranes of bacterial cells, significantly increasing the cell surface roughness. The chemical interaction between SN-CNPs and phospholipid modeled using quantum mechanical calculations further support our hypothesis that the phosphatase and antimicrobial properties of SN-CNPs are due to the thiol group on the SN-CNPs, which is a mimic of the cysteine-based protein phosphatase. The present work is the first to report carbon-based nanoparticles with strong phosphatase activity and propose a phosphatase natured antimicrobial mechanism. This novel class of carbon nanozymes has the potential to be used for effective catalytic and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazzat Nurtay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Enrico Benassi
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
| | - Faisal Nazir
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dana Dastan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assem Utupova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Adilet Dautov
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kanat Dukenbayev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Tri T Pham
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Qabanbay Batyr 53, Nursultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
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25
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Han Z, Yuan M, Liu L, Zhang K, Zhao B, He B, Liang Y, Li F. pH-Responsive wound dressings: advances and prospects. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:422-440. [PMID: 36852666 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00574c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process, in which the pH value plays an important role in reflecting the wound status. Wound dressings are materials that are able to accelerate the healing process. Among the multifunctional advanced wound dressings developed in recent years, pH-responsive wound dressings, especially hydrogels, show great potential owing to their unique properties of adjusting their functions according to the wound conditions, thereby allowing the wound to heal in a regulated manner. However, a comprehensive review of pH-responsive wound dressings is lacking. This review summarizes the design strategies and advanced functions of pH-responsive hydrogel wound dressings, including their excellent antibacterial properties and significant pro-healing abilities. Other advanced pH-responsive materials, such as nanofibers, composite films, nanoparticle clusters, and microneedles, are also classified and discussed. Next, the pH-monitoring functions of pH-responsive wound dressings and the related pH indicators are summarized in detail. Finally, the achievements, challenges, and future development trends of pH-responsive wound dressings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Han
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Mujie Yuan
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lubin Liu
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Baodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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26
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Dehghani N, Haghiralsadat F, Yazdian F, Sadeghian-Nodoushan F, Ghasemi N, Mazaheri F, Pourmadadi M, Naghib SM. Chitosan/silk fibroin/nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot/α-tricalcium phosphate nanocomposite electrospinned as a scaffold for wound healing application: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124078. [PMID: 36944378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
A highly porous nanofibrous network that can functionalize antibacterial and therapeutic agents can be considered a suitable option for skin wound healing. In this study, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)/nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) nanocomposite was synthesized and then applied to the fabrication of novel chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF)/N-CQDs/α-TCP wound dressing via electrospinning system. The prepared nanomaterials were well characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, scanning and transmission electron microscopes analyses, and antibacterial assay. Furthermore, nanofibers were evaluated regarding their physical properties, such as tensile behavior, water uptake capacity, and water contact angle. The results reveal that CS/SF/N-CQDs/α-TCP showed lower MIC values against E. coli and S. aureus (1.45 ± 0.26 mg/mL and 1.59 ± 0.12 mg/mL) compared to other synthesized materials. Also, in-vitro investigations were performed, and the MTT assay on the HFF cell line revealed that CS/SF/N-CQDs/α-TCP nanofiber could possess good biocompatibility. Interestingly, the scratch test proved that faster cell migration and proliferation occurred in the presence of CS/SF/N-CQDs/α-TCP (73 ± 3.12 %). Finally, we examined the wound healing ability of CS/SF/N-CQDs/α-TCP nanofiber using an animal model. The results confirmed that produced nanofiber could efficiently promote wound closure by 96.73 ± 1.25 % in 12 days. Histopathological analyses verified accelerated re-epithelization and well-structured epidermis in CS/SF/N-CQDs/α-TCP nanofiber-treated group. Based on our findings, the CS/SF/N-CQDs/α-TCP nanofiber with excellent antimicrobial properties is highly suitable for wound healing and skin tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Dehghani
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
- Department of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, School of Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghian-Nodoushan
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Center, Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fahime Mazaheri
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Research and Clinical Center of Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrab Pourmadadi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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27
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Yu M, Li P, Huang R, Xu C, Zhang S, Wang Y, Gong X, Xing X. Antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms of carbon dots: a review. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:734-754. [PMID: 36602120 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, developing safe and effective approaches to combat infections caused by bacteria and biofilms has become an urgent clinical problem. Recently, carbon dots (CDs) have received great attention as a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents due to their excellent antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility. Although CDs have been widely used in the field of antibacterial applications, their antibacterial and antibiofilm mechanisms have not been systematically discussed. This review provides a systematic overview on the complicated mechanisms of antibacterial and antibiofilm CDs based on recent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhe Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Peili Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233000, P. R. China
| | - Ruobing Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Chunning Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Shiyin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Yanglei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Xuedong Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China.
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28
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Lin F, Wang Z, Wu FG. Carbon Dots for Killing Microorganisms: An Update since 2019. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1236. [PMID: 36297348 PMCID: PMC9607459 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent bacterial/fungal infections and occurrence of antibiotic resistance pose increasing threats to the public and thus require the development of new antibacterial/antifungal agents and strategies. Carbon dots (CDs) have been well demonstrated to be promising and potent antimicrobial nanomaterials and serve as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, great efforts have been made by many researchers to develop new carbon dot-based antimicrobial agents to combat microbial infections. Here, as an update to our previous relevant review (C 2019, 5, 33), we summarize the recent achievements in the utilization of CDs for microbial inactivation. We review four kinds of antimicrobial CDs including nitrogen-doped CDs, metal-containing CDs, antibiotic-conjugated CDs, and photoresponsive CDs in terms of their starting materials, synthetic route, surface functionalization, antimicrobial ability, and the related antimicrobial mechanism if available. In addition, we summarize the emerging applications of CD-related antimicrobial materials in medical and industry fields. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges of antimicrobial CDs and the future research directions that are worth exploring. We believe that this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in antimicrobial CDs and may inspire the development of new CDs with desirable antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
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29
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Sawalha S, Assali M, Raddad M, Ghneem T, Sawalhi T, Almasri M, Zarour A, Misia G, Prato M, Silvestri A. Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Carbon Nanodots from d-Glucose. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4860-4872. [PMID: 36100469 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots, a class of carbon nano-allotropes, have been synthesized through different routes and methods from a wide range of precursors. The selected precursor, synthetic method, and conditions can strongly alter the physicochemical properties of the resulting material and their intended applications. Herein, carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been synthesized from d-glucose by combining pyrolysis and chemical oxidation methods. The effect of the pyrolysis temperature, equivalents of oxidizing agent, and refluxing time were studied on the product and quantum yield. In the optimum conditions (pyrolysis temperature of 300 °C, 4.41 equiv of H2O2, 90 min of reflux) CNDs were obtained with 40% and 3.6% of product and quantum yields, respectively. The obtained CNDs are negatively charged (ζ-potential = -32 mV), excellently dispersed in water, with average diameter of 2.2 nm. Furthermore, ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) was introduced as dehydrating and/or passivation agent during CNDs synthesis resulting in significant improvement of both product and quantum yields of about 1.5 and 3.76-fold, respectively. The synthesized CNDs showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities toward different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Both synthesized CNDs caused highly colony forming unit reduction (CFU), ranging from 98% to 99.99% for most of the tested bacterial strains. However, CNDs synthesized in the absence of NH4OH, due to a negatively charged surface enriched in oxygenated groups, performed better in zone inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. The elevated antibacterial activity of high-oxygen-containing carbon nanodots is directly correlated to their ROS formation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Sawalha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Muna Raddad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Ghneem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Tasneem Sawalhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Motasem Almasri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Abdulraziq Zarour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Giuseppe Misia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, 34127, Italy
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastian, 20014, Spain
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30
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Abraham WL, Demirci S, Wypyski MS, Ayyala RS, Bhethanabotla VR, Lawson LB, Sahiner N. Biofilm inhibition and bacterial eradication by C-dots derived from polyethyleneimine-citric acid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Chiou YR, Lin CJ, Harroun SG, Chen YR, Chang L, Wu AT, Chang FC, Lin YW, Lin HJ, Anand A, Unnikrishnan B, Nain A, Huang CC. Aminoglycoside-mimicking carbonized polymer dots for bacteremia treatment. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11719-11730. [PMID: 35913451 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteremia and associated bacterial sepsis are potentially fatal and occur when the host response to microbial invasion is impaired or compromised. This motivated us to develop carbonized polymer dots (CPDsMan/AA) from a mixture of mannose (Man) and positively charged amino acids [AAs; lysine, arginine (Arg), or histidine] through a one-step mild pyrolysis procedure, which effectively inhibited drug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from septic patients. The as-prepared CPDsMan/AA showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, even in human plasma. The minimal inhibitory concentration of CPDsMan/Arg is ca. 1.0 μg mL-1, which is comparable to or lower than those of other tested antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin). In addition to directly disrupting bacterial membranes, the CPDsMan/Arg feature a structure similar to aminoglycoside antibiotics that could bind to 16S rRNA, thereby blocking bacterial protein synthesis. In vitro cytotoxic and hemolytic assays demonstrated the high biocompatibility of the CPDsMan/AA. In addition, in vivo studies on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected mice treated with the CPDsMan/Arg showed a significant decrease in mortality-even better than that of antibiotics. Overall, the synthesis of the CPDsMan/AA is cost-efficient, straightforward, and effective for treating bacteremia. The polymeric features of the CPDsMan/Arg, including cationic charges and specific groups, can be recognized as a safe and broad-spectrum biocide to lessen our reliance on antibiotics to treat systemic bacterial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Photonics, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Scott G Harroun
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Lung Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay, Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - An-Tai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Chieh Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay, Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Nursing and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Anisha Anand
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
| | - Amit Nain
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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32
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An injectable and biodegradable hydrogel incorporated with photoregulated NO generators to heal MRSA-infected wounds. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:107-118. [PMID: 35545186 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of degradable hydrogel fillers with high antibacterial activity and wound-healing property is urgently needed for the treatment of infected wounds. Herein, an injectable, degradable, photoactivated antibacterial hydrogel (MPDA-BNN6@Gel) was developed by incorporating BNN6-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA-BNN6 NPs) into a fibrin-based hydrogel. After administration, MPDA-BNN6@Gel created local hyperthermia and released large quantities of NO gas to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection under the stimulation of an 808 nm laser. Experiments confirmed that the bacteria were eradicated through irreversible damage to the cell membrane, genetic metabolism, and material energy. Furthermore, in the absence of laser irradition, the fibrin and small amount of NO that originated from MPDA-BNN6@Gel promoted wound healing in vivo. This work indicates that MPDA-BNN6@Gel is a promising alternative for the treatment of infected wounds and provides a facile tactic to design a photoregulated bactericidal hydrogel for accelerating infected wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of a degradable hydrogel with high antibacterial activity and wound-healing property is an urgent need for the treatment of infected wounds. Herein, an injectable, degradable, and photo-activated antibacterial hydrogel (MPDA-BNN6@Gel) has been developed by incorporating BNN6-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA-BNN6 NPs) into a fibrin-based hydrogel. After administration of MPDA-BNN6@Gel, the MPDA-BNN6@Gel could generate local hyperthermia and release large quantities of NO gas to treat the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection under the irradiation of 808 nm laser. Furthermore, in the absence of a laser, the fibrin and a small amount of NO originating from MPDA-BNN6@Gel could promote wound healing in vivo.
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Huang L, Liu M, Feng Z, Xu X, Chen L, Ma Z, Li L. Biocompatible tellurium nanoneedles with long-term stable antibacterial activity for accelerated wound healing. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100271. [PMID: 35572856 PMCID: PMC9097717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tellurium (Te) nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a new antibacterial candidate to respond to the complex global health challenge of bacterial resistance. Herein, Te nanoneedles (NNs) that act both chemically and physically on bacteria are synthesized by a facile method using Na2TeO3, urea and glucose. It is found that the prepared Te NNs have a strong affinity to the cell membrane of bacteria and subsequently promote the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria, resulting in an excellent antibacterial effect toward Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). What's more, this needle-like morphology also can physically damage the bacterial cell membranes. The Te NNs per se are inert in mammalian cells to produce ROS at a proper concentration, indicating considerable biocompatibility of this material. As a proof-of-concept, the antibacterial Te NNs were used as an anti-inflammatory reagent for promoting bacteria-infected wound healing in vivo, during which Te NNs caused no evident side effects to major organs in mice. Additionally, the antibacterial activity is maintained in the presence of surface oxidation of Te NNs after long-term dispersion in phosphate buffered saline solution. The needle-like Te NMs with long-term antibacterial stability and good biocompatibility have great potential for the treatment of associated infectious diseases.
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Liu T, Pang Q, Mai K, He X, Xu L, Zhou F, Liu Y. Silver nanoparticle@carbon quantum dot composite as an antibacterial agent. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9621-9627. [PMID: 35424924 PMCID: PMC8959443 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A AgNPs@S,N-CQDs composite was synthesized by a one-step approach. It possessed AgNPs naturally surrounded by S,N-CQDs, and the size of the particles was found to be uniform and stable via a series of characterization methods. The antibacterial properties of the composite material were studied, and it had good antibacterial properties against S. aureus, E. coli, MRSA and C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 63 μg mL-1 against S. aureus and MRSA and 32 μg mL-1 against E. coli and C. albicans. In addition, the AgNPs@S,N-CQDs composite had an antibacterial effect via the generation of ROS, which was verified using the DCFH-DA kit. Finally, HepG2 cells were used to study its biocompatibility. The antibacterial properties and biocompatibility results show that the AgNPs@S,N-CQDs composite material can serve as a promising antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qianyue Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 China
| | - Kang Mai
- Zhongshan Carefor Daily Necessities Ltd Zhongshan 528000 China
| | - Xiaoting He
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 China
| | - Feiyan Zhou
- Guangzhou Baiyunshan Weiyi Industrial Co., Ltd Guangzhou 510000 China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 China
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Dhamodharan D, Byun HS, Varsha Shree M, Veeman D, Natrayan L, Stalin B. Carbon Nanodots: Synthesis, Mechanisms for Bio-electrical Applications. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Căpățînă D, Feier B, Hosu O, Tertiș M, Cristea C. Analytical methods for the characterization and diagnosis of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1204:339696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sviridova E, Barras A, Addad A, Plotnikov E, Di Martino A, Deresmes D, Nikiforova K, Trusova M, Szunerits S, Guselnikova O, Postnikov P, Boukherroub R. Surface modification of carbon dots with tetraalkylammonium moieties for fine tuning their antibacterial activity. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 134:112697. [PMID: 35581073 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The widespread of bacterial infections including biofilms drives the never-ending quest for new antimicrobial agents. Among the great variety of nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) are the most promising antibacterial material, but still require the adjustment of their surface properties for enhanced activity. In this contribution, we report a facile functionalization method of carbon dots (CDs) by tetraalkylammonium moieties using diazonium chemistry to improve their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CDs were modified by novel diazonium salts bearing tetraalkylammonium moieties (TAA) with different alkyl chains (C2, C4, C9, C12) for the optimization of antibacterial activity. Variation of the alkyl chain allows to reach the significant antibacterial effect for CDs-C9 towards Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (MIC = 3.09 ± 1.10 μg mL-1) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) (MIC = 7.93 ± 0.17 μg mL-1) bacteria. The antibacterial mechanism of CDs-C9 is ascribed to the balance between the positive charge and hydrophobicity of the alkyl chains. TAA moieties are responsible for enhanced adherence on the bacterial cell membrane, its penetration and disturbance of physiological metabolism. CDs-C9 were not effective in the generation of reactive oxygen species excluding the oxidative damage mechanism. In addition, CDs-C9 effectively promoted the antibiofilm treatment of S. aureus and E. coli biofilms outperforming previously-reported CDs in terms of treatment duration and minimal inhibitory concentration. The good biocompatibility of CDs-C9 was demonstrated on mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3), HeLa and U-87 MG cell lines for concentrations up to 256 μg mL-1. Collectively, our work highlights the correlation between the surface chemistry of CDs and their antimicrobial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Sviridova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ahmed Addad
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8207 - UMET, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Evgenii Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Antonio Di Martino
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dominique Deresmes
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ksenia Nikiforova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Trusova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olga Guselnikova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation; Department of Solid-State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Kim A, Hak Kim J, Patel R. Modification strategies of membranes with enhanced Anti-biofouling properties for wastewater Treatment: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126501. [PMID: 34890816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses composite membranes used for wastewater treatment, focusing heavily on the anti-biofouling properties of such membranes. Biofouling caused by the development of a thick biofilm on the membrane surface is a major issue that reduces water permeance and reduces its lifetime. Biofilm formation and adhesion are mitigated by modifying membranes with two-dimensional or zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials or their modified substituents. In particular, nanomaterials based on graphene, including graphene oxide and carbon quantum dots, are mainly used as nanofillers in the membrane. Functionalization of the nanofillers with various organic ligands or compositing the nanofiller with other materials, such as silver nanoparticles, enhances the bactericidal ability of composite membranes. Moreover, such membrane modifications reduce biofilm adhesion while increasing water permeance and salt/dye rejection. This review discusses the recent literature on developing graphene oxide-based and carbon quantum dot-based composite membranes for biofouling-resistant wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York City, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
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Havrdová M, Urbančič I, Tománková KB, Malina L, Poláková K, Štrancar J, Bourlinos AB. Intracellular Trafficking of Cationic Carbon Dots in Cancer Cell Lines MCF-7 and HeLa-Time Lapse Microscopy, Concentration-Dependent Uptake, Viability, DNA Damage, and Cell Cycle Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1077. [PMID: 35162996 PMCID: PMC8835431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are potential tools for the labeling of cells with many advantages such as photostability, multicolor emission, small size, rapid uptake, biocompatibility, and easy preparation. Affinity towards organelles can be influenced by the surface properties of CDs which affect the interaction with the cell and cytoplasmic distribution. Organelle targeting by carbon dots is promising for anticancer treatment; thus, intracellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of cationic CDs was investigated. Based on our previous study, we used quaternized carbon dots (QCDs) for treatment and monitoring the behavior of two human cancer cell MCF-7 and HeLa lines. We found similarities between human cancer cells and mouse fibroblasts in the case of QCDs uptake. Time lapse microscopy of QCDs-labeled MCF-7 cells showed that cells are dying during the first two hours, faster at lower doses than at higher ones. QCDs at a concentration of 100 µg/mL entered into the nucleus before cellular death; however, at a dose of 200 µg/mL, blebbing of the cellular membrane occurred, with a subsequent penetration of QCDs into the nuclear area. In the case of HeLa cells, the dose-depended effect did not happen; however, the labeled cells were also dying in mitosis and genotoxicity occurred nearly at all doses. Moreover, contrasted intracellular compartments, probably mitochondria, were obvious after 24 h incubation with 100 µg/mL of QCDs. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) slightly increased after 24 h, depending on the concentration, thus the genotoxicity was likely evoked by the nanomaterial. A decrease in viability did not reach IC 50 as the DNA damage was probably partly repaired in the prolonged G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the defects in the G2/M phase may have allowed a damaged cell to enter mitosis and undergo apoptosis. The anticancer effect in both cell lines was manifested mainly through genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Havrdová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iztok Urbančič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Palacký University in Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Poláková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Křížkovského 511/8, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Zhao C, Wang X, Yu L, Wu L, Hao X, Liu Q, Lin L, Huang Z, Ruan Z, Weng S, Liu A, Lin X. Quaternized carbon quantum dots with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for the treatment of wounds infected with mixed bacteria. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:528-544. [PMID: 34775123 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics have become one of the most severe threats in global public health, so the development of new-style antimicrobial agents is urgent. In this work, quaternized carbon quantum dots (qCQDs) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity were synthesized by a simple green "one-pot" method using dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and glucose as reaction precursors. The qCQDs displayed satisfactory antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In rat models of wounds infected with mixed bacteria, qCQDs obviously restored the weight of rats, significantly reduced the death of rats from severe infection, and promoted the recovery and healing of infected wounds. Biosafety tests confirmed that qCQDs had no obvious toxic and side effects during the testing stage. The analysis of quantitative proteomics revealed that qCQDs mainly acted on ribosomal proteins in Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and significantly down-regulated proteins associated with citrate cycle in Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). Meanwhile, real-time quantitative PCR confirmed that the variation trend of genes corresponding to the proteins associated with ribosome and citrate cycle was consistent with the proteomic results after treatment of qCQDs, suggesting that qCQDs has a new antibacterial mechanism which is different from the reported carbon quantum dots with antibacterial action. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: With the development of the research on carbon quantum dots, the application of carbon quantum dots in the field of medicine has attracted extensive attention. In this paper, quaternized carbon quantum dots (qCQDs) with antimicrobial activity prepared by specific methods were studied, including antimicrobial spectrum, antimicrobial mechanism and in vivo antimicrobial application. The antimicrobial mechanism of qCQDs was studied by proteomics and RT-qRCR, and the different mechanisms of qCQDs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were also found. This study provides a research foundation for the application of carbon quantum dots in antimicrobial field, and also expands the application range of carbon quantum dots in medicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine in University of Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Luying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Xiaoli Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Liqing Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhengjun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhipeng Ruan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Laboratory Medicine in University of Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Shaohuang Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Ailin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China; Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Wu L, Gao Y, Zhao C, Huang D, Chen W, Lin X, Liu A, Lin L. Synthesis of curcumin-quaternized carbon quantum dots with enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for promoting infected wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Deng L, Lu H, Tu C, Zhou T, Cao W, Gao C. A tough synthetic hydrogel with excellent post-loading of drugs for promoting the healing of infected wounds in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 134:112577. [PMID: 35525747 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a major obstacle to the wound healing process. The hydrogel dressings with a simpler structure and good antibacterial and wound healing performance are appealing for clinical application. Herein, a robust hydrogel was synthesized from acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) and N,N'-methylene diacrylamide (MBA) via a redox initiating polymerization. The polymerization conditions were optimized to obtain the hydrogel with minimum unreacted monomers, which were 0.25% and 0.12% for AM and AA, respectively. The hydrogel had good mechanical strength, and could effectively resist damage by external forces and maintain a good macroscopic shape. It showed large water uptake capacity, and could post load a wide range of molecules via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Loading of antibiotic doxycycline (DOX) enabled the hydrogel with good antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo. In a rat model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected full-thickness skin defect wound, the DOX-loaded hydrogel showed good therapeutic effect. It could significantly promote the wound closure, increased the collagen coverage area, down-regulate the expressions of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β factors, and up-regulate the expressions of anti-inflammatory IL-4 factor and CD31 neovascularization factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Deng
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huidan Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenxi Tu
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangbei Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030000, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Ghirardello M, Ramos-Soriano J, Galan MC. Carbon Dots as an Emergent Class of Antimicrobial Agents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1877. [PMID: 34443713 PMCID: PMC8400628 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a recognized global challenge. Tools for bacterial detection can combat antimicrobial resistance by facilitating evidence-based antibiotic prescribing, thus avoiding their overprescription, which contributes to the spread of resistance. Unfortunately, traditional culture-based identification methods take at least a day, while emerging alternatives are limited by high cost and a requirement for skilled operators. Moreover, photodynamic inactivation of bacteria promoted by photosensitisers could be considered as one of the most promising strategies in the fight against multidrug resistance pathogens. In this context, carbon dots (CDs) have been identified as a promising class of photosensitiser nanomaterials for the specific detection and inactivation of different bacterial species. CDs possess exceptional and tuneable chemical and photoelectric properties that make them excellent candidates for antibacterial theranostic applications, such as great chemical stability, high water solubility, low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances on the use of CDs as antimicrobial agents, including the most commonly used methodologies for CD and CD/composites syntheses and their antibacterial properties in both in vitro and in vivo models developed in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghirardello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Wu Y, Li C, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ, Ren Y. Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Different Carbon Sources for Antibacterial Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:623. [PMID: 34073750 PMCID: PMC8225221 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles possess unique features due to their small size and can be composed of different surface chemistries. Carbon quantum dots possess several unique physico-chemical and antibacterial activities. This review provides an overview of different methods to prepare carbon quantum dots from different carbon sources in order to provide guidelines for choosing methods and carbon sources that yield carbon quantum dots with optimal antibacterial efficacy. Antibacterial activities of carbon quantum dots predominantly involve cell wall damage and disruption of the matrix of infectious biofilms through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to cause dispersal of infecting pathogens that enhance their susceptibility to antibiotics. Quaternized carbon quantum dots from organic carbon sources have been found to be equally efficacious for controlling wound infection and pneumonia in rodents as antibiotics. Carbon quantum dots derived through heating of natural carbon sources can inherit properties that resemble those of the carbon sources they are derived from. This makes antibiotics, medicinal herbs and plants or probiotic bacteria ideal sources for the synthesis of antibacterial carbon quantum dots. Importantly, carbon quantum dots have been suggested to yield a lower chance of inducing bacterial resistance than antibiotics, making carbon quantum dots attractive for large scale clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wu
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Rd, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center of Groningen, Department of Orthodontics, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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