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Tang L, Guo H, Wang K, Zhou Y, Wu T, Fan X, Guo J, Sun L, Ta D. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances the positive effects of high-intensity treadmill exercise on bone in rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2023; 41:592-605. [PMID: 37270713 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Moderate exercise benefits bone health, but excessive loading leads to bone fatigue and a decline in mechanical properties. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can stimulate bone formation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether LIPUS could augment the skeletal benefits of high-intensity exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with LIPUS at 80 mW/cm2 or 30 mW/cm2 for 20 min/day. Forty rats were divided into sham treatment normal control (Sham-NC), sham treatment high-intensity exercise (Sham-HIE), 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS (LIPUS80), and high-intensity exercise combined with 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS (LIPUS80-HIE). The rats in HIE group were subjected to 30 m/min slope treadmill exercise for 90 min/day, 6 days/week for 12 weeks. The LIPUS80-HIE rats were irradiated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 80 mW/cm2) for 20 min/day at bilateral hind limb after exercise. RESULTS LIPUS significantly accelerated the proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells. Compared to 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS, 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS got better promotion effect. 12 weeks of high-intensity exercise significantly reduced the muscle force, which was significantly reversed by LIPUS. Compared with the Sham-NC group, Sham-HIE group significantly optimized bone microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties of femur, and LIPUS80-HIE further enhanced the improvement effect on bone. The mechanisms may be related to activate Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and then up-regulate the protein expression of Runx2 and VEGF, the key factors of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION LIPUS could augment the skeletal benefits of high-intensity exercise through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- School of Physical Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yaling Zhou
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tianpei Wu
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Biewer B, Rompen E, Mittelbronn M, Hammer GP, Quatresooz P, Borgmann FK. Effects of Minocycline Hydrochloride as an Adjuvant Therapy for a Guided Bone Augmentation Procedure in The Rat Calvarium. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11040092. [PMID: 37185470 PMCID: PMC10136768 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vivo study reports the influence of minocycline-HCl administration on extra-skeletal bone generation in a Guided Bone Augmentation model, utilizing titanium caps placed on the intact as well as perforated calvaria of rats. The test group was administered 0.5 mg/mL minocycline-HCl with the drinking water, and the amount of bone tissue in the caps was quantified at three time points (4, 8 and 16 weeks). A continuously increased tissue fill was observed in all groups over time. The administration of minocycline-HCl as well as perforation of the calvaria increased this effect, especially with regard to mineralization. The strongest tissue augmentation, with 1.8 times that of the untreated control group, and, at the same time, the most mineralized tissue (2.3× over untreated control), was produced in the combination of both treatments, indicating that systemic administration of minocycline-HCl has an accelerating and enhancing effect on vertical bone augmentation.
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Zhao YC, Zhang Y, Jiang F, Wu C, Wan B, Syeda R, Li Q, Shen B, Ju LA. A Novel Computational Biomechanics Framework to Model Vascular Mechanopropagation in Deep Bone Marrow. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201830. [PMID: 36521080 PMCID: PMC11469229 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical stimuli generated by body exercise can be transmitted from cortical bone into the deep bone marrow (mechanopropagation). Excitingly, a mechanosensitive perivascular stem cell niche is recently identified within the bone marrow for osteogenesis and lymphopoiesis. Although it is long known that they are maintained by exercise-induced mechanical stimulation, the mechanopropagation from compact bone to deep bone marrow vasculature remains elusive of this fundamental mechanobiology field. No experimental system is available yet to directly understand such exercise-induced mechanopropagation at the bone-vessel interface. To this end, taking advantage of the revolutionary in vivo 3D deep bone imaging, an integrated computational biomechanics framework to quantitatively evaluate the mechanopropagation capabilities for bone marrow arterioles, arteries, and sinusoids is devised. As a highlight, the 3D geometries of blood vessels are smoothly reconstructed in the presence of vessel wall thickness and intravascular pulse pressure. By implementing the 5-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model that simulates the hyperelastic vessel properties, finite element analysis to thoroughly investigate the mechanical effects of exercise-induced intravascular vibratory stretching on bone marrow vasculature is performed. In addition, the blood pressure and cortical bone bending effects on vascular mechanoproperties are examined. For the first time, movement-induced mechanopropagation from the hard cortical bone to the soft vasculature in the bone marrow is numerically simulated. It is concluded that arterioles and arteries are much more efficient in propagating mechanical force than sinusoids due to their stiffness. In the future, this in-silico approach can be combined with other clinical imaging modalities for subject/patient-specific vascular reconstruction and biomechanical analysis, providing large-scale phenotypic data for personalized mechanobiology discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunduo Charles Zhao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
| | - Yingqi Zhang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
| | - Chi Wu
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
| | - Boyang Wan
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center75235TXDallasUSA
| | - Qing Li
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
| | - Bo Shen
- National Institute of Biological ScienceZhongguancun Life Science Park102206BeijingChina
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical ResearchTsinghua University102206BeijingChina
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of Sydney2008New South WalesDarlingtonAustralia
- Charles Perkins CentreThe University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano)The University of Sydney2006New South WalesCamperdownAustralia
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Zmudzka M, Zoladz JA, Majerczak J. The impact of aging and physical training on angiogenesis in the musculoskeletal system. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14228. [PMID: 36348663 PMCID: PMC9637352 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the physiological process of capillary growth. It is strictly regulated by the balanced activity of agents that promote the formation of capillaries (pro-angiogenic factors) on the one hand and inhibit their growth on the other hand (anti-angiogenic factors). Capillary rarefaction and insufficient angiogenesis are some of the main causes that limit blood flow during aging, whereas physical training is a potent non-pharmacological method to intensify capillary growth in the musculoskeletal system. The main purpose of this study is to present the current state of knowledge concerning the key signalling molecules implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle and bone angiogenesis during aging and physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zmudzka
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Majerczak
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Wazzani R, Pallu S, Bourzac C, Ahmaïdi S, Portier H, Jaffré C. Physical Activity and Bone Vascularization: A Way to Explore in Bone Repair Context? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080783. [PMID: 34440527 PMCID: PMC8399402 DOI: 10.3390/life11080783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is widely recognized as a biotherapy by WHO in the fight and prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. It reduces the risk of disabling fractures associated with many comorbidities, and whose repair is a major public health and economic issue. Bone tissue is a dynamic supportive tissue that reshapes itself according to the mechanical stresses to which it is exposed. Physical exercise is recognized as a key factor for bone health. However, the effects of exercise on bone quality depend on exercise protocols, duration, intensity, and frequency. Today, the effects of different exercise modalities on capillary bone vascularization, bone blood flow, and bone angiogenesis remain poorly understood and unclear. As vascularization is an integral part of bone repair process, the analysis of the preventive and/or curative effects of physical exercise is currently very undeveloped. Angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling may constitute a new way for understanding the role of physical activity, especially in fracturing or in the integration of bone biomaterials. Thus, this review aimed to clarify the link between physical activities, vascularization, and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rkia Wazzani
- Laboratoire APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX, F-80000 Amiens, France; (R.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
- UFR Science & Technique, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Céline Bourzac
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Saïd Ahmaïdi
- Laboratoire APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX, F-80000 Amiens, France; (R.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Hugues Portier
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
- UFR Science & Technique, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Christelle Jaffré
- Laboratoire APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX, F-80000 Amiens, France; (R.W.); (S.A.)
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Puelker SM, Ribeiro de Castro SR, de Souza RR, Maifrino LBM, Nucci RAB, Sitta MDC. Age-Related Effects on Right Femoral Bone of Male Wistar Rats: A Morphometric and Biomechanical Study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Study of the variations of bone characteristics with age in different animal models is important to design musculoskeletal studies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the bone mass, dimensions, and biomechanical parameters of the femur in young, middle-aged, and aged Wistar rats.
Materials and Methods Thirty male rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided in three groups (n = 10 per group)—3-month-old young rats, 12-month-old middle-aged rats, and 18-months-old aged rats. The right femurs were subjected sequentially to morphometric study (bone weight, cortical thickness) and biomechanical tests (maximum resistance strength and bone stiffness).
Results We observed a significant increase in femur histological (cortical thickness) and biomechanical (maximum strength and bone stiffness) parameters with aging when compared with young animals.
Conclusions With the advancing age, the right femoral bone of middle-aged and old animals had greater variations when compared with young animals. However, further studies with the aid of a comparison between right and left femur and other long bones in both male and female rats are needed to corroborate with our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Martins Puelker
- Department of Aging Sciences, Sao Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Beatriz Mesiano Maifrino
- Medical School of the ABC District, Av. Lauro Gomes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aparecido Baptista Nucci
- Department of Aging Sciences, Sao Judas Tadeu University, Rua Taquari, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Sitta
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Stewart TJ, Louys J, Miszkiewicz JJ. Intra-skeletal vascular density in a bipedal hopping macropod with implications for analyses of rib histology. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:386-399. [PMID: 33481185 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human ribs are thought to be less affected by mechanical strain at the microscopic level than limb bones, implying that rib remodelling better reflects bone physiological homeostasis. Here, we test the hypothesis that rib tissue will be well vascularized and thus enhance susceptibility to metabolic influence. An intra-skeletal comparison of bone vascular canal density was conducted using a macropod animal model adapted to bipedal habitual hopping. The right humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, a mid-thoracic and upper-thoracic rib of an eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) were sectioned at the midshaft, from which histological sections were prepared. Bone vascularity from a maximum of 12 mm2 of sub-periosteal parallel-fibred and lamellar bone was recorded, resulting in a total of 2047 counted vessels. Vascular canal density data were corrected by cortical width, maximum length, and midshaft circumference robusticity indices computed for each bone. The fibula consistently had the highest vascular canal density, even when corrected for maximum length, cortical width and midshaft circumference robusticities. This was followed by the mid- and upper-thoracic ribs. Vascularity differences between bones were relatively consistent whether vascular canal density was controlled for by cortical width or midshaft circumference robusticities. Vascular canal density and robusticity indices were also positively and negatively correlated (p < 0.05). Results confirm that the ribs are well vascularized, which facilitates bone metabolic processes such as remodelling, but the fibula also appears to be a well vascularized bone. Future research investigating human bone metabolism will benefit from examining thoracic rib or fibula samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia J Stewart
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Hendriks M, Ramasamy SK. Blood Vessels and Vascular Niches in Bone Development and Physiological Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602278. [PMID: 33330496 PMCID: PMC7729063 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone convey their critical importance in regulating bone development and physiology. The contribution of blood vessels in bone functions and remodeling has recently gained enormous interest because of their therapeutic potential. The mammalian skeletal system performs multiple functions in the body to regulate growth, homeostasis and metabolism. Blood vessels provide support to various cell types in bone and maintain functional niches in the bone marrow microenvironment. Heterogeneity within blood vessels and niches indicate the importance of specialized vascular niches in regulating skeletal functions. In this review, we discuss physiology of bone vasculature and their specialized niches for hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells. We provide clinical and experimental information available on blood vessels during physiological bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hendriks
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saravana K. Ramasamy
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
The skeleton is highly vascularized due to the various roles blood vessels play in the homeostasis of bone and marrow. For example, blood vessels provide nutrients, remove metabolic by-products, deliver systemic hormones, and circulate precursor cells to bone and marrow. In addition to these roles, bone blood vessels participate in a variety of other functions. This article provides an overview of the afferent, exchange and efferent vessels in bone and marrow and presents the morphological layout of these blood vessels regarding blood flow dynamics. In addition, this article discusses how bone blood vessels participate in bone development, maintenance, and repair. Further, mechanical loading-induced bone adaptation is presented regarding interstitial fluid flow and pressure, as regulated by the vascular system. The role of the sympathetic nervous system is discussed in relation to blood vessels and bone. Finally, vascular participation in bone accrual with intermittent parathyroid hormone administration, a medication prescribed to combat age-related bone loss, is described and age- and disease-related impairments in blood vessels are discussed in relation to bone and marrow dysfunction. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:1009-1046, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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10
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Buss LA, Dachs GU. Effects of Exercise on the Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:31-51. [PMID: 32030646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that exercise improves survival in cancer patients. However, much is still unknown regarding the mechanisms of this positive survival effect and there are indications that exercise may not be universally beneficial for cancer patients. The key to understanding in which situations exercise is beneficial may lie in understanding its influence on the tumour microenvironment (TME)-and conversely, the influence of the tumour on physical functioning. The TME consists of a vast multitude of different cell types, mechanical and chemical stressors and humoral factors. The interplay of these different components greatly influences tumour cell characteristics and, subsequently, tumour growth rate and aggression. Exercise exerts whole-body physiological effects and can directly and indirectly affect the TME. In this chapter, we first discuss the possible role of exercise capacity ('fitness') and exercise adaptability on tumour responsiveness to exercise. We summarise how exercise affects aspects of the TME such as tumour perfusion, vascularity, hypoxia (reduced oxygenation) and immunity. Additionally, we discuss the role of myokines and other circulating factors in eliciting these changes in the TME. Finally, we highlight unanswered questions and key areas for future research in exercise oncology and the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Buss
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabi U Dachs
- Mackenzie Cancer Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Sivan U, De Angelis J, Kusumbe AP. Role of angiocrine signals in bone development, homeostasis and disease. Open Biol 2019; 9:190144. [PMID: 31575330 PMCID: PMC6833221 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal vasculature plays a central role in the maintenance of microenvironments for osteogenesis and haematopoiesis. In addition to supplying oxygen and nutrients, vasculature provides a number of inductive factors termed as angiocrine signals. Blood vessels drive recruitment of osteoblast precursors and bone formation during development. Angiogenesis is indispensable for bone repair and regeneration. Dysregulation of the angiocrine crosstalk is a hallmark of ageing and pathobiological conditions in the skeletal system. The skeletal vascular bed is complex, heterogeneous and characterized by distinct capillary subtypes (type H and type L), which exhibit differential expression of angiocrine factors. Furthermore, distinct blood vessel subtypes with differential angiocrine profiles differentially regulate osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and drive disease states in the skeletal system. This review provides an overview of the role of angiocrine signals in bone during homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unnikrishnan Sivan
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jessica De Angelis
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Elbassuoni EA, Abdel Hafez SM. Impact of chronic exercise on counteracting chronic stress-induced functional and morphological pancreatic changes in male albino rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:567-580. [PMID: 30903523 PMCID: PMC6527668 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress has been linked to many diseases resulted from dysfunction of both the nervous system and peripheral organ systems. Yet, the effects of chronic stress on the pancreas have received relatively little attention. This work aims to investigate the influence of chronic stress exposure on both the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function and morphology and its possible mechanism of action, and also to evaluate the impact of chronic exercise with moderate intensity on ameliorating the stress-induced pancreatic changes. Forty adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups: control group, exercised group (3 weeks of swimming exercise), stressed group (3 weeks of immobilization stress), and stressed group practicing exercise (3 weeks of exercise, concomitant with 21 daily sessions of stress). On the final day of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histological studies were conducted. The results showed that chronic immobilization stress produced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) with increasing exocrine pancreatic injury markers by increasing oxidative and inflammatory status of the pancreatic tissue. Histological study showed the injurious effect of stress on the morphology of pancreatic tissue. Physical exercise protected the pancreas from the negative effects of stress through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, evidenced by increasing pancreatic interleukin 10 and total antioxidant capacity and decreasing pancreatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde with ameliorating most of the histological changes induced by stress exposure. Physical exercise effectively counteracts chronic stress-induced pancreatic changes through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
| | - Sara M. Abdel Hafez
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61111 Egypt
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Lee S, Prisby RD. Short-term intermittent PTH 1-34 administration and bone marrow blood vessel ossification in Mature and Middle-Aged C57BL/6 mice. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100193. [PMID: 30701186 PMCID: PMC6348201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration augments bone and progressive bone marrow blood vessel (BMBV) ossification occurs with advancing age. Since intermittent PTH administration augments bone, it may also serve to increase BMBV ossification. We assessed the influence of 5- and 10-days of intermittent PTH 1–34 administration on trabecular and cortical bone and BMBV ossification in mature (6–8 mon; n = 30) and middle-aged (10–12 mon; n = 30) male and female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were divided accordingly: control (CON) and 5-days (5dPTH) and 10-days (10dPTH) of PTH. Mice were given PBS (50 μl) or PTH 1–34 (43 μg/kg/d) for 5- and 10-consecutive days. Trabecular bone microarchitecture (i.e., BV/TV [%], Tb.Th [μm], Tb.N [/mm], and Tb.Sp [μm]) was assessed in the distal femoral metaphysis and cortical bone parameters (i.e., Ct.Th [μm] and CSMI [mm4]) at the femoral mid-shaft. BMBV ossification (i.e., ossified vessel volume [OsVV, %] and ossified vessel thickness [OsV.Th, μm]) was assessed in the medullary cavity of the femoral shaft. All parameters were determined by μCT. At this sample size, no gender-related differences were observed so female and male data were pooled. There were no main effects nor interactions for trabecular microarchitecture and Ct.Th. However, CSMI was larger (p < 0.05) in Middle-Age vs. Mature and larger (p < 0.05) in CON and 10dPTH vs. 5dPTH. OsVV tended (p = 0.057) to be higher (0.18 ± 0.04% vs. 0.09 ± 0.02%, respectively) and OsV.Th was higher (p < 0.05; 17.4 ± 1.6 μm vs. 12.1 ± 1.4 μm, respectively) in Middle-Aged vs. Mature mice. OsVV was not altered, but ossified vessels tended (p = 0.08) to be thicker in 10dPTH (17.6 ± 2.0 μm) vs. CON (12.5 ± 1.7 μm). No interactions were observed for OsVV and OsV.Th. In conclusion, this is the first report of ossified BMBV in C57BL/6 mice. The increased OsV.Th in Middle-Aged mice coincides with previous reports of increased OsVV in aged rats. The tendency of augmented OsV.Th in 10dPTH suggests that this treatment may ultimately impair the patency of bone marrow blood vessels. Bone marrow blood vessel (BMBV) ossification occurs in rats and humans. This is the first report of BMBV ossification in Mature and Middle-Aged mice. Intermittent PTH administration tended to thicken ossified BMBV. PTH treatment may ultimately impact the patency of bone marrow blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States of America
| | - Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States of America
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Nashikkar PS, Rhee SM, Desai CV, Oh JH. Is Anatomical Healing Essential for Better Clinical Outcome in Type II SLAP Repair? Clinico-Radiological Outcome after Type II SLAP Repair. Clin Orthop Surg 2018; 10:358-367. [PMID: 30174813 PMCID: PMC6107812 DOI: 10.4055/cios.2018.10.3.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We hypothesized that anatomical healing in superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) repair is associated with good clinical outcome. The purposes of this study were to assess the failure rate of anatomical healing after arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions using computed tomography arthrography (CTA), investigate correlation of the rate with clinical outcomes, and identify prognostic factors for anatomical failure following SLAP repair. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of 43 patients at a minimum follow-up of 1 year after arthroscopic surgery for SLAP lesions or SLAP lesions associated with Bankart lesions. Twenty-eight patients underwent isolated SLAP repair and 15 patients underwent Bankart repair with SLAP repair. The anatomical outcome was assessed using CTA at 1 year after surgery. Clinical outcomes including visual analogue scale for pain and satisfaction and Constant score were assessed at the final follow-up. We investigated clinical failure that was defined as stiffness, loss of maximum rotation, deterioration of pain, and/or need for revision of surgery. Results Anatomical failure occurred in 32.6% of patients (14/43), whereas 16.3% of patients (7/43) had clinical failure. Clinicoradiological assessment revealed that clinical failure occurred only in 7.1% of patients (1/14) with unhealed SLAP lesions, whereas it occurred in 20.7% of patients (6/29) with healed SLAP lesions. Isolated SLAP repair resulted in a higher risk of anatomical failure (risk ratio, 7.0) than combined SLAP repair (p = 0.015). Nonoverhead activities were associated with higher risk of anatomical failure (risk ratio, 2.9; p = 0.041). Patients above 35 years of age had more risk of anatomical failure (risk ratio, 3.5; p = 0.010). Clinical outcomes significantly improved regardless of anatomical failure (p < 0.001) and were not significantly different between unhealed and healed repairs (all p > 0.05). Conclusions Since patients with unhealed SLAP lesions had less clinical failure than patients with healed SLAP lesions, anatomical healing does not seem essential for better clinical outcome of SLAP II repair, especially in patients with higher healing failure risk (isolated SLAP repair, nonoverhead activities, and above 35 years of age). Therefore, we believe the indications of SLAP repair should be narrowed to avoid overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Min Rhee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Joo Han Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Prisby RD. Mechanical, hormonal and metabolic influences on blood vessels, blood flow and bone. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:R77-R100. [PMID: 28814440 PMCID: PMC5611884 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is highly vascularized due to the various roles bone blood vessels play in bone and bone marrow function. For example, the vascular system is critical for bone development, maintenance and repair and provides O2, nutrients, waste elimination, systemic hormones and precursor cells for bone remodeling. Further, bone blood vessels serve as egress and ingress routes for blood and immune cells to and from the bone marrow. It is becoming increasingly clear that the vascular and skeletal systems are intimately linked in metabolic regulation and physiological and pathological processes. This review examines how agents such as mechanical loading, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, vitamin D and calcitonin, all considered anabolic for bone, have tremendous impacts on the bone vasculature. In fact, these agents influence bone blood vessels prior to influencing bone. Further, data reveal strong associations between vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels and trabecular bone volume, and poor associations between estrogen status and uterine mass and trabecular bone volume. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of the bone microcirculation, particularly the vascular endothelium and NO-mediated signaling, in the regulation of bone blood flow, bone interstitial fluid flow and pressure and the paracrine signaling of bone cells. Finally, the vascular endothelium as a mediator of bone health and disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Huang CC, Wang T, Tung YT, Lin WT. Effect of Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle SIRT1 and PGC-1α Expression Levels in Rats of Different Age. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:260-70. [PMID: 27076782 PMCID: PMC4829538 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway drives the muscular fiber-type switching, and can directly regulate the biophysiological functions of skeletal muscle. To investigate whether 12-week swimming exercise training modulates the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway associated proteins expression in rats of different age. Male 3-month-old (3M), 12-month-old (12M) and 18-month-old (18M) Sprague-Dawley rats were used and assigned to sedentary control (C) or 12-week swimming exercise training (E) and divided into six groups: 3MC (n = 8), 12MC (n = 6), 18MC (n = 8), 3ME (n = 8), 12ME (n = 5) and 18ME (n = 6). Body weight, muscle weight, epididymal fat mass and muscle morphology were performed at the end of the experiment. The protein levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α, AMPK and FOXO3a in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were examined. The SIRT1, PGC-1α and AMPK levels in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were up-regulated in the three exercise training groups than three control groups. The FOXO3a level in the 12ME group significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscles than 12MC group, but significantly decreased in the soleus muscles. In 3-, 12- and 18-month-old rats with and without exercise, there was a significant main effect of exercise on PGC-1α, AMPK and FOXO3a in the gastrocnemius muscles, and SIRT1, PGC-1α and AMPK in the soleus muscles. Our result suggests that swimming training can regulate the SIRT1/PGC-1α, AMPK and FOXO3a proteins expression of the soleus muscles in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Huang
- 1. Graduate Institute of Sports Science, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Ting Wang
- 2. Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- 1. Graduate Institute of Sports Science, College of Exercise and Health Sciences, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Teng Lin
- 2. Department of Hospitality Management, College of Agriculture, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
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Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:7239639. [PMID: 26823952 PMCID: PMC4707375 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7239639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wealth of epidemiological and experimental studies indicating the protective role of regular physical activity/exercise training against the sequels of aging and cardiovascular diseases, the molecular transducers of exercise/physical activity benefits are not fully identified but should be further investigated in more integrative and innovative approaches, as they bear the potential for transformative discoveries of novel therapeutic targets. As aging and cardiovascular diseases are associated with a chronic state of oxidative stress and inflammation mediated via complex and interconnected pathways, we will focus in this review on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise, mainly exerted on adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, immune system, and cardiovascular system by modulating anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines profile, redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, activator protein-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, and repair proteins such as heat shock proteins, proteasome complex, oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, uracil DNA glycosylase, and telomerase. It is important to note that the effects of exercise vary depending on the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise as well as on the individual's characteristics; therefore, the development of personalized exercise programs is essential.
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Exercise training could improve age-related changes in cerebral blood flow and capillary vascularity through the upregulation of VEGF and eNOS. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:230791. [PMID: 24822184 PMCID: PMC4005099 DOI: 10.1155/2014/230791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise training on age-induced microvascular alterations in the brain. Additionally, the association with the protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was also assessed. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: sedentary-young (SE-Young, n = 5), sedentary aged (SE-Aged, n = 8), immersed-aged (IM-Aged, n = 5), and exercise trained-aged (ET-Aged, 60 minutes/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks, n = 8) rats. The MAPs of all aged groups, SE-Aged, IM-Aged, and ET-Aged, were significantly higher than that of the SE-Young group. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the SE-Aged and IM-Aged was significantly decreased as compared to SE-Young groups. However, rCBF of ET-Aged group was significantly higher than that in the IM-Aged group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of capillary vascularity (%CV) and the levels of VEGF and eNOS in the ET-Aged group were significantly increased compared to the IM-Aged group (P < 0.05). These results imply that exercise training could improve age-induced microvascular changes and hypoperfusion closely associated with the upregulation of VEGF and eNOS.
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Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. ethanol extract enhancement of the efficacy of the collagen scaffold in wound closure: a study in a full-thickness-wound mouse model. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:754527. [PMID: 23093862 PMCID: PMC3471030 DOI: 10.1155/2012/754527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. is a Thai herb that is effective in wound healing. We sought to quantitatively determine whether or not the combined application of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. and a collagen scaffold will increase wound closure and angiogenesis. Balb/c mice (body weight: 22-25 g) were anesthetized with sodium thiopental. The dorsal skin incision measuring 1.5 × 1.5 cm was made and then deepened using scissors to produce a full-thickness incision down to the level of the panniculus carnosus. The size of the wound was approximately 10% of the total body surface area. The collagen sheet was implanted onto the wound. Animals were divided into 4 major groups as follows: wound with normal saline (W-NSS), wound treated with 0.3 g/kg BW of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. extract (W-AE (0.3 g/kg.bw)), wound implanted with collagen scaffold (W-Coll), and wound implanted with collagen scaffold and treated with 0.3 g/kg BW of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. (W-Coll-AE combination). On day 14, the W-Coll-AE group showed decreased wound areas and increased capillary vascularity (CV) when compared to the other 3 groups, W-NSS, W-AE0.3, and W-Coll. In the present study, the combination of AE0.3 with collagen showed the best effect on skin angiogenesis and promoted wound closure with less neutrophil infiltration.
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Mahasiripanth T, Hokputsa S, Niruthisard S, Bhattarakosol P, Patumraj S. Effects of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl on tumor angiogenesis and on tumor growth in nude mice implanted with cervical cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2012; 4:269-79. [PMID: 22977311 PMCID: PMC3437799 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s33596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the crude extract of Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl (AE) on tumor growth and angiogenesis by utilizing a tumor model in which nude mice were implanted with cervical cancer cells containing human papillomavirus 16 DNA (HPV-16 DNA). Materials and methods The growth-inhibitory effect of AE was investigated in four different cell types: CaSki (HPV-16 positive), HeLa (HPV-18 positive), hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2), and human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFs). The cell viabilities and IC50 values of AE were determined in cells incubated with AE for different lengths of time. To conduct studies in vivo, female BALB/c nude mice (aged 6–7 weeks, weighing 20–25 g) were used. A cervical cancer-derived cell line (CaSki) with integrated HPV-16 DNA was injected subcutaneously (1 × 107 cells/200 μL) in the middle dorsum of each animal (HPV group). One week after injection, mice were fed orally with AE crude extract at either 300 or 3000 mg/kg body weight/day for 14 or 28 days (HPV-AE groups). Tumor microvasculature and capillary vascularity were determined using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Tumor tissue was collected from each mouse to evaluate tumor histology and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunostaining. Results The time-response curves of AE and the dose-dependent effect of AE on growth inhibition were determined. After a 48-hour incubation period, the IC50 of AE in CaSki was discovered to be significantly different from that of HDFs (P < 0.05). A microvascular network was observed around the tumor area in the HPV group on days 21 and 35. Tumor capillary vascularity in the HPV group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.001). High-dose treatment of AE extract (HPV-3000AE group) significantly attenuated the increase in VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis in mice that received either the 14- or 28-day treatment period (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our novel findings demonstrated that AE crude extract could inhibit cervical cancer growth, VEGF expression, and angiogenesis in a CaSki-cell transplant model in mice.
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Wongdee K, Charoenphandhu N. Osteoporosis in diabetes mellitus: Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. World J Diabetes 2011; 2:41-8. [PMID: 21537459 PMCID: PMC3083906 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v2.i3.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a global age-related health problem in both male and female elderly, insidiously deteriorates the microstructure of bone, particularly at trabecular sites, such as vertebrae, ribs and hips, culminating in fragility fractures, pain and disability. Although osteoporosis is normally associated with senescence and estrogen deficiency, diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 1 DM, also contributes to and/or aggravates bone loss in osteoporotic patients. This topic highlight article focuses on DM-induced osteoporosis and DM/osteoporosis comorbidity, covering alterations in bone metabolism as well as factors regulating bone growth under diabetic conditions including, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and angiogenesis. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of DM-related bone loss are also discussed. This information provides a foundation for the better understanding of diabetic complications and for development of early screening and prevention of osteoporosis in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Kannikar Wongdee, Narattaphol Charoenphandhu, Consortium for Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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