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Putta P, Smith AH, Chaudhuri P, Guardia-Wolff R, Rosenbaum MA, Graham LM. Activation of the cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A 2 β isoform contributes to TRPC6 externalization via release of arachidonic acid. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101180. [PMID: 34509476 PMCID: PMC8498464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During vascular interventions, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) accumulate at the site of arterial injury, inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) migration and arterial healing. LysoPC activates canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels, leading to a prolonged increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that inhibits EC migration. However, an initial increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration is required to activate TRPC6, and this mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized that lysoPC activates the lipid-cleaving enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which releases arachidonic acid (AA) from the cellular membrane to open arachidonate-regulated calcium channels, allowing calcium influx that promotes externalization and activation of TRPC6 channels. The focus of this study was to identify the roles of calcium-dependent and/or calcium-independent PLA2 in lysoPC-induced TRPC6 externalization. We show that lysoPC induced PLA2 enzymatic activity and caused AA release in bovine aortic ECs. To identify the specific subgroup and the isoform(s) of PLA2 involved in lysoPC-induced TRPC6 activation, transient knockdown studies were performed in the human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 using siRNA to inhibit the expression of genes encoding cPLA2α, cPLA2γ, iPLA2β, or iPLA2γ. Downregulation of the β isoform of iPLA2 blocked lysoPC-induced release of AA from EC membranes and TRPC6 externalization, as well as preserved EC migration in the presence of lysoPC. We propose that blocking TRPC6 activation and promoting endothelial healing could improve the outcomes for patients undergoing cardiovascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Putta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Andrew H Smith
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Pinaki Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rocio Guardia-Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael A Rosenbaum
- Surgical Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Linda M Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Vascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Kamiya C, Odagiri K, Hakamata A, Sakurada R, Inui N, Watanabe H. Omeprazole suppresses endothelial calcium response and eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5503-5511. [PMID: 34291395 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high doses of proton pump inhibitors can elicit an anticancer effect, this strategy may impair vascular biology. In particular, their effects on endothelial Ca2+ signaling and production of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) are unknown. To this end, we investigated the effects of high dosages of omeprazole on endothelial Ca2+ responses and EDRF production in primary cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Omeprazole (10-1000 μM) suppressed both bradykinin (BK)- and thapsigargin-induced endothelial Ca2+ response in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, omeprazole slightly attenuated Ca2+ mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas no inhibitory effects on endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase were observed. Omeprazole decreased BK-induced phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1177 and tended to decrease BK-induced nitric oxide production. Production of prostaglandin I2 metabolites, especially 6-keto-prostaglandin 1α, also tended to be reduced by omeprazole. CONCLUSION Our results are the first to indicate that high doses of omeprazole may suppress both store-operated Ca2+ channels and partially the G protein-coupled receptor/phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate pathway, and decreased BK-induced, Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS(Ser1177). Thus, high dosages of omeprazole impaired EDRF production by attenuating intracellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kamiya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiichi Odagiri
- Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University Hospital, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Akio Hakamata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryugo Sakurada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Xu Y, Li H, Xu D, Li J, Yu F, Wang M, Wang Q, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Yu J. Identification, expression and enzyme activity of the group III sPLA 2 s in Cyprinus carpio L. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:25-36. [PMID: 33534139 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five group III secreted phospholipase (pla2g3s) homologous genes located on different linkage groups were identified from common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which we named Ccpla2g3a1, Ccpla2g3a2, Ccpla2g3b, Ccpla2g3c1 and Ccpla2g3c2. The five genes encode 530, 525, 461, 752 and 753 amino acids, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that the Ccpla2g3as contain seven exons and the others contain four exons. Synteny analysis of fish pla2g3s indicated that pla2g3a and pla2g3b were from the same ancestor gene, and Ccpla2g3a1, Ccpla2g3a2, Ccpla2g3c1 and Ccpla2g3c2 were from the specific genome duplication of common carp. Due to the significant variation of the pla2g3bs from common carp and zebrafish (Danio rerio), they formed a separate group in the phylogenetic tree. The tissue distributions of Ccpla2g3s coincided with their expression profiles during the embryo stages. The expression levels of Ccpla2g3as and Ccpla2g3cs were low at the embryo stages, and they were abundant in the liver and brain, respectively, whereas the expression of Ccpla2g3b was high at 0.5 h after fertilization and in the ovary. We obtained three soluble recombinant proteins of the bee venom-like PLA2 (BVLP) from Ccpla2g3 and evaluated their PLA2 enzyme properties. The optimum pHs of MBP-a1-BVLP, MBP-b-BVLP and MBP-c1-BVLP were 7.5, 7.0 and 8.0, respectively, and specific activities were 7.68 ± 0.66, 4.155 ± 0.158 and 1.93 ± 0.05 U μmol-1 , respectively. The Kd for Ca2+ of MBP-b-BVLP was the lowest (2.6 μM), whereas the values for both MBP-a1-BVLP and MBP-c1-BVLP were about 15 μM. The Km values of three proteins ranged from 31.9 to 41.91 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Dihui Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Meiyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunsheng Wu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongkai Tang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Juhua Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Phospholipase Signaling in Breast Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33983572 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer progression results from subversion of multiple intra- or intercellular signaling pathways in normal mammary tissues and their microenvironment, which have an impact on cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Phospholipases (PLC, PLD and PLA) are essential mediators of intra- and intercellular signaling. They hydrolyze phospholipids, which are major components of cell membrane that can generate many bioactive lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, and arachidonic acid. Enzymatic processing of phospholipids by phospholipases converts these molecules into lipid mediators that regulate multiple cellular processes, which in turn can promote breast cancer progression. Thus, dysregulation of phospholipases contributes to a number of human diseases, including cancer. This review describes how phospholipases regulate multiple cancer-associated cellular processes, and the interplay among different phospholipases in breast cancer. A thorough understanding of the breast cancer-associated signaling networks of phospholipases is necessary to determine whether these enzymes are potential targets for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Lysophosphatidylcholine in phospholipase A 2-modified LDL triggers secretion of angiopoietin 2. Atherosclerosis 2021; 327:87-99. [PMID: 34020784 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes LDL phospholipids generating modified LDL particles (PLA2-LDL) with increased atherogenic properties. Exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB) releases angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) and externalizes P-selectin, which both play important roles in vascular inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of PLA2-LDL on exocytosis of WPBs. METHODS Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were stimulated with PLA2- LDL, and its uptake and effect on Ang2 release, leukocyte adhesion, and intracellular calcium levels were measured. The effects of PLA2-LDL on Ang2 release and WPB exocytosis were measured in and ex vivo in mice. RESULTS Exposure of HCAECs to PLA2-LDL triggered Ang2 secretion and promoted leukocyte-HCAEC interaction. Lysophosphatidylcholine was identified as a critical component of PLA2-LDL regulating the WPB exocytosis, which was mediated by cell-surface proteoglycans, phospholipase C, intracellular calcium, and cytoskeletal remodeling. PLA2-LDL also induced murine endothelial WPB exocytosis in blood vessels in and ex vivo, as evidenced by secretion of Ang2 in vivo, P-selectin translocation to plasma membrane in intact endothelial cells in thoracic artery and tracheal vessels, and reduced Ang2 staining in tracheal endothelial cells. Finally, in contrast to normal human coronary arteries, in which Ang2 was present only in the endothelial layer, at sites of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, Ang2 was detected also in the intima, media, and adventitia. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal PLA2-LDL as a potent agonist of endothelial WPB exocytosis, resulting in increased secretion of Ang2 and translocation of P-selectin. The results provide mechanistic insight into PLA2-LDL-dependent promotion of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Analytical Platforms for the Determination of Phospholipid Turnover in Breast Cancer Tissue: Role of Phospholipase Activity in Breast Cancer Development. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010032. [PMID: 33406793 PMCID: PMC7824782 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism has been associated with the progression of various cancers, and aberrant expression of enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism has been detected in different stages of cancer. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the cancer types known to be associated with alterations in the lipid metabolism and overexpression of enzymes involved in this metabolism. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of the activity of certain enzymes, such as that of phospholipase A2 in BC cell lines sensitizes these cells and decreases the IC50 values for forthcoming therapy with traditional drugs, such as doxorubicin and tamoxifen. Moreover, other phospholipases, such as phospholipase C and D, are involved in intracellular signal transduction, which emphasizes their importance in cancer development. Finally, BC is assumed to be dependent on the diet and the composition of lipids in nutrients. Despite their importance, analytical approaches that can associate the activity of phospholipases with changes in the lipid composition and distribution in cancer tissues are not yet standardized. In this review, an overview of various analytical platforms that are applied on the study of lipids and phospholipase activity in BC tissues will be given, as well as their association with cancer diagnosis and tumor progression. The methods that are applied to tissues obtained from the BC patients will be emphasized and critically evaluated, regarding their applicability in oncology.
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Peng Z, Chang Y, Fan J, Ji W, Su C. Phospholipase A2 superfamily in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:165-177. [PMID: 33080311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2s) comprise a superfamily that is generally divided into six subfamilies known as cytosolic PLA2s (cPLA2s), calcium-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s), secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s), lysosomal PLA2s, platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolases, and adipose specific PLA2s. Each subfamily consists of several isozymes that possess PLA2 activity. The first three PLA2 subfamilies play important roles in inflammation-related diseases and cancer. In this review, the roles of well-studied enzymes sPLA2-IIA, cPLA2α and iPLA2β in carcinogenesis and cancer development were discussed. sPLA2-IIA seems to play conflicting roles and can act as a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter according to the cancer type, but cPLA2α and iPLA2β play protumorigenic role in most cancers. The mechanisms of PLA2-mediated signal transduction and crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment are described. Moreover, the mechanisms by which PLA2s mediate lipid reprogramming and glycerophospholipid remodeling in cancer cells are illustrated. PLA2s as the upstream regulators of the arachidonic acid cascade are generally high expressed and activated in various cancers. Therefore, they can be considered as potential pharmacological targets and biomarkers in cancer. The detailed information summarized in this review may aid in understanding the roles of PLA2s in cancer, and provide new clues for the development of novel agents and strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yanxin Chang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery IV, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Hachem M, Belkouch M, Lo Van A, Picq M, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M. Brain targeting with docosahexaenoic acid as a prospective therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and its passage across blood brain barrier. Biochimie 2020; 170:203-211. [PMID: 32014503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is the main omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain tissues necessary for common brain growth and function. DHA can be provided to the body through two origins: an exogenous origin, from direct dietary intakes and an endogenous one, from the bioconversion of the essential α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) in the liver. In humans, the biosynthesis of DHA from its precursor ALA is very low. A reduction in the cerebral amount of DHA is detected in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Considering the vital functions of DHA for the brain, new methodologies to target the brain with DHA offers encouraging perceptions in the improvement of precautionary and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present review was to provide better understanding of the cerebral uptake of DHA in different form including free fatty acids, Lysophosphatidylcholines LysoPC-DHA as well as structured phospholipids. First, we explored the special structure of the blood-brain barrier BBB, BBB being a physical and metabolic barrier with restrictive properties. Then, we discussed the incorporation of DHA into the membrane phospholipids of the brain, the neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of DHA for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Hachem
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Mounir Belkouch
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Amanda Lo Van
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Madeleine Picq
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Michel Lagarde
- Univ-Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060, Inra UMR 1397, IMBL, INSA-Lyon, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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Cho JH, Han JS. Phospholipase D and Its Essential Role in Cancer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:805-813. [PMID: 29145720 PMCID: PMC5712509 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phospholipase D (PLD) in cancer development and management has been a major area of interest for researchers. The purpose of this mini-review is to explore PLD and its distinct role during chemotherapy including anti-apoptotic function. PLD is an enzyme that belongs to the phospholipase super family and is found in a broad range of organisms such as viruses, yeast, bacteria, animals, and plants. The function and activity of PLD are widely dependent on and regulated by neurotransmitters, hormones, small monomeric GTPases, and lipids. A growing body of research has shown that PLD activity is significantly increased in cancer tissues and cells, indicating that it plays a critical role in signal transduction, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic processes. In addition, recent studies show that PLD is a downstream transcriptional target of proteins that contribute to inflammation and carcinogenesis such as Sp1, NFκB, TCF4, ATF-2, NFATc2, and EWS-Fli. Thus, compounds that inhibit expression or activity of PLD in cells can be potentially useful in reducing inflammation and sensitizing resistant cancers during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 4321,
USA
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
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Peng Z, Zhang Q, Mao Z, Wang J, Liu C, Lin X, Li X, Ji W, Fan J, Wang M, Su C. A rapid quantitative analysis of bile acids, lysophosphatidylcholines and polyunsaturated fatty acids in biofluids based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem massspectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:343-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Caporarello N, Salmeri M, Scalia M, Motta C, Parrino C, Frittitta L, Olivieri M, Cristaldi M, Avola R, Bramanti V, Toscano MA, Anfuso CD, Lupo G. Cytosolic and Calcium-Independent Phospholipases A2 Activation and Prostaglandins E2 Are Associated with Escherichia coli-Induced Reduction of Insulin Secretion in INS-1E Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159874. [PMID: 27631977 PMCID: PMC5024995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is suspected that microbial infections take part in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM). Glucose-induced insulin secretion is accompanied by the release of free arachidonic acid (AA) mainly by cytosolic- and calcium independent phospholipases A2 (cPLA2 and iPLA2). Insulinoma cell line (INS-1E) was infected with E. coli isolated from the blood culture of a patient with sepsis. Invasion assay, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy demonstrated the capacity of E. coli to enter cells, which was reduced by PLA2 inhibitors. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was significantly increased after acute infection (8h) but significantly decreased after chronic infection (72h). PLA2 activities, cPLA2, iPLA2, phospho-cPLA2, and COX-2 expressions were increased after acute and, even more, after chronic E. coli infection. The silencing of the two isoforms of PLA2s, with specific cPLA2- or iPLA2-siRNAs, reduced insulin secretion after acute infection and determined a rise in insulin release after chronic infection. Prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) production was significantly elevated in INS-1E after long-term E. coli infection and the restored insulin secretion in presence of L798106, a specific EP3 antagonist, and NS-398, a COX-2 inhibitor, and the reduction of insulin secretion in presence of sulprostone, a specific EP3 agonist, revealed their involvement in the effects triggered by bacterial infection. The results obtained demonstrated that cPLA2 and iPLA2 play a key role in insulin secretion process after E. coli infection. The high concentration of AA released is transformed into PGE2, which could be responsible for the reduced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Salmeri
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marina Scalia
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Motta
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Melania Olivieri
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Cristaldi
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Toscano
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail:
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12
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Caporarello N, Salmeri M, Scalia M, Motta C, Parrino C, Frittitta L, Olivieri M, Toscano MA, Anfuso CD, Lupo G. Role of cytosolic and calcium independent phospholipases A(2) in insulin secretion impairment of INS-1E cells infected by S. aureus. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3969-76. [PMID: 26632509 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) play a significant role in insulin β-cells secretion. Bacterial infections may be responsible of the onset of diabetes. The mechanism by which Staphylococcus aureus infection of INS-1 cells alters glucose-induced insulin secretion has been examined. After acute infection, insulin secretion and PLA2 activities significantly increased. Moreover, increased expressions of phospho-cPLA2, phospho-PKCα and phospho-ERK 1/2 were observed. Chronic infection causes a decrease in insulin release and a significant increase of iPLA2 and COX-2 protein expression. Moreover, insulin secretion in infected cells could be restored using specific siRNAs against iPLA2 isoform and specific COX-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Caporarello
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Salmeri
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Scalia
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - C Motta
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - C Parrino
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - L Frittitta
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M Olivieri
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - M A Toscano
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - C D Anfuso
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy
| | - G Lupo
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
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Anfuso CD, Olivieri M, Bellanca S, Salmeri M, Motta C, Scalia M, Satriano C, La Vignera S, Burrello N, Caporarello N, Lupo G, Calogero AE. Asthenozoospermia and membrane remodeling enzymes: a new role for phospholipase A2. Andrology 2015; 3:1173-82. [PMID: 26446356 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosholipase A2 (PLA2 ) activity in the seminal plasma and in sperm heads is closely related to sperm motility and male fertility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of different isoforms of phospholipase in asthenozoospermia. To accomplish this, cPLA2 , phospho-cPLA2 , iPLA2 , and sPLA2 were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses in spermatozoa obtained from 22 normozoospermic men and 28 asthenozoospermic patients. We found significant differences in cPLA2 and its phosphorylated/activated form, iPLA2 , and sPLA2 content and distribution in normal and asthenozoospermic patients. cPLA2 was localized in heads, midpieces, and tails of all spermatozoa as constitutive enzyme, less expressed in the tail of spermatozoa with low progressive motility. While active phospho-cPLA2 distribution was homogeneous throughout the cell body of control-donor spermatozoa, lower levels were detected in the tails of asthenozoospermic patients, as opposed to its strong presence in heads. Low immunofluorescence signal for iPLA2 was found in astenozoospermic patients, whereas sPLA2 was significantly lower in the heads of asthenozoospermic patients. Spermatozoa with low progressive motility showed differences both in terms of total specific activity and of intracellular distribution. cPLA2 , iPLA2 , and sPLA2 specific activities correlated positively and in a significantly manner with sperm progressive motility both in normozoospermic men and asthenozoospermic patients. In conclusion, PLA2 s are expressed in different areas of human spermatozoa. Spermatozoa with low motility showed differences in total specific activity and enzyme distributions. We speculated that PLA2 expression and/or different distribution could be potential biomarkers of asthenozoospermia, one of the major causes of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Olivieri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Bellanca
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Salmeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Motta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Scalia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N Burrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N Caporarello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Li J, Bruns AF, Hou B, Rode B, Webster PJ, Bailey MA, Appleby HL, Moss NK, Ritchie JE, Yuldasheva NY, Tumova S, Quinney M, McKeown L, Taylor H, Prasad KR, Burke D, O'Regan D, Porter KE, Foster R, Kearney MT, Beech DJ. Orai3 Surface Accumulation and Calcium Entry Evoked by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1987-94. [PMID: 26160956 PMCID: PMC4548547 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) acts, in part, by triggering calcium ion (Ca2+) entry. Here, we sought understanding of a Synta66-resistant Ca2+ entry pathway activated by VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Alexander-Francisco Bruns
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Bing Hou
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Baptiste Rode
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Peter J Webster
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Marc A Bailey
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Hollie L Appleby
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Nicholas K Moss
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Judith E Ritchie
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Sarka Tumova
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Matthew Quinney
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Lynn McKeown
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Hilary Taylor
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - K Raj Prasad
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Dermot Burke
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - David O'Regan
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Karen E Porter
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Richard Foster
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - Mark T Kearney
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.)
| | - David J Beech
- From the Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine (J.L., A.-F.B., B.H., B.R., P.J.W., M.A.B., H.L.A., N.K.M., J.E.R., N.Y.Y., S.T., M.Q., L.M., H.T., K.E.P., D.J.B.) and School of Chemistry (R.F.), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Departments of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery (K.R.P.) and Colorectal Surgery (D.B.), St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; and Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom (D.O.R.).
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15
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Sun GY, Chuang DY, Zong Y, Jiang J, Lee JCM, Gu Z, Simonyi A. Role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways in different cell types in the central nervous system. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:6-14. [PMID: 24573693 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) are important enzymes for the metabolism of fatty acids in membrane phospholipids. Among the three major classes of PLA(2)s in the mammalian system, the group IV calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA(2) alpha (cPLA(2)α) has received the most attention because it is widely expressed in nearly all mammalian cells and its active participation in cell metabolism. Besides Ca(2+) binding to its C2 domain, this enzyme can undergo a number of cell-specific post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation by protein kinases, S-nitrosylation through interaction with nitric oxide (NO), as well as interaction with other proteins and lipid molecules. Hydrolysis of phospholipids by cPLA(2) yields two important lipid mediators, arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophospholipids. While AA is known to serve as a substrate for cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, which are enzymes for the synthesis of eicosanoids and leukotrienes, lysophospholipids are known to possess detergent-like properties capable of altering microdomains of cell membranes. An important feature of cPLA(2) is its link to cell surface receptors that stimulate signaling pathways associated with activation of protein kinases and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the central nervous system (CNS), cPLA(2) activation has been implicated in neuronal excitation, synaptic secretion, apoptosis, cell-cell interaction, cognitive and behavioral function, oxidative-nitrosative stress, and inflammatory responses that underline the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the types of extracellular agonists that target intracellular signaling pathways leading to cPLA(2) activation among different cell types and under different physiological and pathological conditions have not been investigated in detail. In this review, special emphasis is given to metabolic events linking cPLA(2) to activation in neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, and cerebrovascular cells. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) for regulation of this enzyme is deemed important in the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Sun
- Biochemistry Department, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA,
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16
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Wan R, Liu Y, Li L, Zhu C, Jin L, Li S. Urocortin increased endothelial ICAM1 by cPLA2-dependent NF-κB and PKA pathways in HUVECs. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:43-53. [PMID: 24363440 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn1), a member of the corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, has been reported to participate in inflammation. The increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) plays important roles in inflammation and immune responses. Our previous results demonstrated that Ucn1 significantly enhanced the expression of ICAM1. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the detailed mechanisms of Ucn1-induced upregulation of ICAM1. Here, we characterized the mechanisms of Ucn1 usage to regulate ICAM1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data revealed that Ucn1 increased ICAM1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expressions in a time-dependent manner via CRH receptor 2 (CRHR2). In addition, COX2 was involved in ICAM1 upregulation. Furthermore, Ucn1 could increase the expression and phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipases A2 (cPLA2) in a time-dependent manner via CRHR2 and CRHR1. Moreover, ablation of cPLA2 by the inhibitor pyrrophenone or siRNA attenuated the ICAM1 increase induced by Ucn1. In addition, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was activated, indicated by the increase in nuclear p65NF-κB expression and phosphorylation of p65NF-κB, depending on cPLA2 and CRHR2 activation. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamic acid, an inhibitor of NF-κB, abolished the elevation of ICAM1 but not COX2. Also, Ucn1 increased the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which further activated protein kinase A (PKA)-CREB pathways dependent of cPLA2 via CRHR2. Moreover, the increase in NF-κB phosphorylation was not affected by the selective COX2 inhibitor NS-398 or the PKA inhibitor H89. In conclusion, these data indicate that Ucn1 increase the ICAM1 expression via cPLA2-NF-κB and cPLA2-COX2-PGE2-PKA-CREB pathways by means of CRHR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Diseases and Molecular Intervention, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China The Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
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17
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Klebsiella pneumoniae induces an inflammatory response in an in vitro model of blood-retinal barrier. Infect Immun 2013; 82:851-63. [PMID: 24478098 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00843-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae has become an important pathogen in recent years. Although most cases of K. pneumoniae endogenous endophthalmitis occur via hematogenous spread, it is not yet clear which microbial and host factors are responsible for the ability of K. pneumoniae to cross the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). In the present study, we show that in an in vitro model of BRB based on coculturing primary bovine retinal endothelial cells (BREC) and primary bovine retinal pericytes (BRPC), K. pneumoniae infection determines changes of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to sodium fluorescein. In the coculture model, bacteria are able to stimulate the enzyme activities of endothelial cytosolic and Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2s (cPLA2 and iPLA2). These results were confirmed by the incremental expression of cPLA2, iPLA2, cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX1), and COX2 in BREC, as well as by cPLA2 phosphorylation. In supernatants of K. pneumoniae-stimulated cocultures, increases in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production were found. Incubation with K. pneumoniae in the presence of arachidonoyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) or bromoenol lactone (BEL) caused decreased PGE2 and VEGF release. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of BREC and BRPC showed adhesion of K. pneumoniae to the cells, but no invasion occurred. K. pneumoniae infection also produced reductions in pericyte numbers; transfection of BREC cocultured with BRPC and of human retinal endothelial cells (HREC) cocultured with human retinal pericytes (HRPC) with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted to cPLA2 and iPLA2 restored the pericyte numbers and the TEER and permeability values. Our results show the proinflammatory effect of K. pneumoniae on BREC, suggest a possible mechanism by which BREC and BRPC react to the K. pneumoniae infection, and may provide physicians and patients with new ways of fighting blinding diseases.
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18
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Lupo G, Motta C, Giurdanella G, Anfuso CD, Alberghina M, Drago F, Salomone S, Bucolo C. Role of phospholipases A2 in diabetic retinopathy: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1603-13. [PMID: 24076420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of blindness and the most common complication of diabetes with no cure available. We investigated the role of phospholipases A2 (PLA2) in diabetic retinopathy using an in vitro blood-retinal barrier model (BRB) and an in vivo streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model. Mono- and co-cultures of endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes (PC), treated with high or fluctuating concentrations of glucose, to mimic the diabetic condition, were used. PLA2 activity, VEGF and PGE2 levels and cell proliferation were measured, with or without PLA2 inhibition. Diabetes was induced in rats by STZ injection and PLA2 activity along with VEGF, TNFα and ICAM-1 levels were measured in retina. High or fluctuating glucose induced BRB breakdown, and increased PLA2 activity, PGE2 and VEGF in EC/PC co-cultures; inhibition of PLA2 in mono- or co-cultures treated with high or fluctuating glucose dampened PGE2 and VEGF production down to the levels of controls. High or fluctuating glucose increased EC number and reduced PC number in co-cultures; these effects were reversed after transfecting EC with small interfering RNA targeted to PLA2. PLA2 and COX-2 protein expressions were significantly increased in microvessels from retina of diabetic rats. Diabetic rats had also high retinal levels of VEGF, ICAM-1 and TNFα that were reduced by treatment with a cPLA2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that PLA2 upregulation represents an early step in glucose-induced alteration of BRB, possibly upstream of VEGF; thus, PLA2 may be an interesting target in managing diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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19
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Salmeri M, Motta C, Anfuso CD, Amodeo A, Scalia M, Toscano MA, Alberghina M, Lupo G. VEGF receptor-1 involvement in pericyte loss induced by Escherichia coli in an in vitro model of blood brain barrier. Cell Microbiol 2013; 15:1367-84. [PMID: 23421875 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The key aspect of neonatal meningitis is related to the ability of pathogens to invade the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to penetrate the central nervous system. In the present study we show that, in an in vitro model of BBB, on the basis of co-culturing primary bovine brain endothelial cells (BBEC) and primary bovine retinal pericytes (BRPC), Escherichia coli infection determines changes of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability (Pe) to sodium fluorescein. In the co-culture model, within BBEC, bacteria are able to stimulate cytosolic and Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 and iPLA2 ) enzyme activities. In supernatants of E. coli-stimulated co-cultures, an increase in prostaglandins (PGE2) and VEGF production in comparison with untreated co-cultures were found. Incubation with E. coli in presence of AACOCF3 or BEL caused a decrease of PGE2 and VEGF release. SEM and TEM images of BBEC and BRPC showed E. coli adhesion to BBEC and BRPC but only in BBEC the invasion occurs. VEGFR-1 but not VEGFR-2 blockade by the specific antibody reduced E. coli invasion in BBEC. In our model of BBB infection, a significant loss of BRPC was observed. Following VEGFR-1, but not VEGFR-2 blockade, or in presence of AACOCF3 or BEL, elevated TEER values, reduced permeability and BRPC loss were found. These data suggest that VEGFR-1 negatively regulates BRPC survival and its blockade protects the barrier integrity. PGs and VEGF could exert a biological effect on BBB, probably by BRPC coverage ablation, thus increasing BBB permeability. Our results show the role played by the BBEC as well as BRPC during a bacterial attack on BBB. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which E. coli enter the nervous system and how bacteria alter the communication between endothelial cells and pericytes may provide exciting new insight for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salmeri
- Department of Bio-medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH. Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12:782-92. [PMID: 23076158 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipases (PLC, PLD and PLA) are essential mediators of intracellular and intercellular signalling. They can function as phospholipid-hydrolysing enzymes that can generate many bioactive lipid mediators, such as diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid and arachidonic acid. Lipid mediators generated by phospholipases regulate multiple cellular processes that can promote tumorigenesis, including proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Although many individual phospholipases have been extensively studied, how phospholipases regulate diverse cancer-associated cellular processes and the interplay between different phospholipases have yet to be fully elucidated. A thorough understanding of the cancer-associated signalling networks of phospholipases is necessary to determine whether these enzymes can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Park
- The Specific Organs Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
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21
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Soares AR, Reverendo M, Pereira PM, Nivelles O, Pendeville H, Bezerra AR, Moura GR, Struman I, Santos MAS. Dre-miR-2188 targets Nrp2a and mediates proper intersegmental vessel development in zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39417. [PMID: 22761789 PMCID: PMC3382224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that are implicated in the control of eukaryotic gene expression by binding to the 3′UTR of target mRNAs. Several algorithms have been developed for miRNA target prediction however, experimental validation is still essential for the correct identification of miRNA targets. We have recently predicted that Neuropilin2a (Nrp2a), a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor which is essential for normal developmental angiogenesis in zebrafish, is a dre-miR-2188 target. Methodology Here we show that dre-miR-2188 targets the 3′-untranslated region (3′UTR) of Nrp2a mRNA and is implicated in proper intersegmental vessel development in vivo. Over expression of miR-2188 in zebrafish embryos down regulates Nrp2a expression and results in intersegmental vessel disruption, while its silencing increases Nrp2a expression and intersegmental vessel sprouting. An in vivo GFP sensor assay based on a fusion between the GFP coding region and the Nrp2a 3′UTR confirms that miR-2188 binds to the 3′UTR of Nrp2a and inhibits protein translation. Conclusions We demonstrate that miR-2188 targets Nrp2a and affects intersegmental vessel development in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Soares
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Reverendo
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. Pereira
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olivier Nivelles
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Pendeville
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Bezerra
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela R. Moura
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ingrid Struman
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GIGA-Research, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manuel A. S. Santos
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Role of Cytosolic Calcium-Dependent Phospholipase A2 in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 45:596-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hartiala J, Gilliam E, Vikman S, Campos H, Allayee H. Association of PLA2G4A with myocardial infarction is modulated by dietary PUFAs. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:959-65. [PMID: 22378731 PMCID: PMC3302367 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.032094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukotrienes are proinflammatory molecules derived from dietary PUFAs and have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We previously reported that an A→G variant (rs12746200) of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IVA gene (PLA2G4A), which encodes the enzyme that liberates PUFAs from cellular membranes for leukotriene synthesis, decreases the risk of CVD. OBJECTIVE We sought to replicate these initial observations with a more clinically relevant phenotype, such as myocardial infarction (MI), and to determine whether dietary PUFAs mediate this association. DESIGN In a Costa Rican case-control data set (n = 3971), rs12746200 was genotyped and was tested for an association with MI. Functional experiments were carried out to determine whether rs12746200 led to differences in mRNA expression. RESULTS Risk of MI was significantly lower in AG/GG subjects than in AA homozygotes (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.99; P = 0.040). The reduced risk of MI was observed primarily in AG/GG subjects who were above the median for intake of dietary omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87; P-interaction = 0.005). A similar analysis with dietary omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs did not show a statistically significant nutrigenetic association (P-interaction = 0.23). Functional analysis in human aortic endothelial cells showed that the carriers of the G allele had significantly lower PLA2G4A gene expression (P = 0.014), consistent with the atheroprotective association of this variant. CONCLUSION These results replicate the association of rs12746200 with CVD phenotypes and provide evidence that the protective association of this functional PLA2G4A variant is mediated by dietary PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Hartiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Odell AF, Hollstein M, Ponnambalam S, Walker JH. A VE-cadherin-PAR3-α-catenin complex regulates the Golgi localization and activity of cytosolic phospholipase A(2)α in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1783-96. [PMID: 22398721 PMCID: PMC3338442 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid regulation of phospholipase A2 activity is essential for vascular function. Evidence is found for a VE-cadherin–α-catenin–PAR3 complex regulating the reversible association of cPLA2α with the Golgi apparatus in confluent endothelial cells. This regulation is important for controlling both cPLA2α activity and angiogenesis. Phospholipase A2 enzymes hydrolyze phospholipids to liberate arachidonic acid for the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In the vascular endothelium, group IV phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) enzyme activity is regulated by reversible association with the Golgi apparatus. Here we provide evidence for a plasma membrane cell adhesion complex that regulates endothelial cell confluence and simultaneously controls cPLA2α localization and enzymatic activity. Confluent endothelial cells display pronounced accumulation of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) at cell–cell junctions, and mechanical wounding of the monolayer stimulates VE-cadherin complex disassembly and cPLA2α release from the Golgi apparatus. VE-cadherin depletion inhibits both recruitment of cPLA2α to the Golgi and formation of tubules by endothelial cells. Perturbing VE-cadherin and increasing the soluble cPLA2α fraction also stimulated arachidonic acid and prostaglandin production. Of importance, reverse genetics shows that α-catenin and δ-catenin, but not β-catenin, regulates cPLA2α Golgi localization linked to cell confluence. Furthermore, cPLA2α Golgi localization also required partitioning defective protein 3 (PAR3) and annexin A1. Disruption of F-actin internalizes VE-cadherin and releases cPLA2α from the adhesion complex and Golgi apparatus. Finally, depletion of either PAR3 or α-catenin promotes cPLA2α-dependent endothelial tubule formation. Thus a VE-cadherin–PAR3–α-catenin adhesion complex regulates cPLA2α recruitment to the Golgi apparatus, with functional consequences for vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Odell
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Salmeri M, Motta C, Mastrojeni S, Amodeo A, Anfuso CD, Giurdanella G, Morello A, Alberghina M, Toscano MA, Lupo G. Involvement of PKCα-MAPK/ERK-phospholipase A(2) pathway in the Escherichia coli invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2012; 511:33-7. [PMID: 22306096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli K1 is the most common Gram-negative organism that causes neonatal meningitis following penetration of the blood-brain barrier. In the present study we demonstrated the involvement of cytosolic (cPLA(2)) and calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) and the contribution of cyclooxygenase-2 products in E. coli invasion of microvascular endothelial cells. The traversal of bacteria did not determine trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and ZO-1 expression changes and was reduced by PLA(2)s siRNA. cPLA(2) and iPLA(2) enzyme activities and cPLA(2) phosphorylation were stimulated after E. coli incubation and were attenuated by PLA(2), PI3-K, ERK 1/2 inhibitors. Our results demonstrate the role of PKCα/ERK/MAPK signaling pathways in governing the E. coli penetration into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Salmeri
- Dept. Scienze Bio-Mediche, University of Catania, Italy
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