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Lampejo AO, Lightsey SE, Gomes MC, Nguyen CM, Siemann DW, Sharma B, Murfee WL. A Novel Ex Vivo Tumor Spheroid-Tissue Model for Investigating Microvascular Remodeling and Lymphatic Blood Vessel Plasticity. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03535-8. [PMID: 38796670 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomimetic tumor microenvironment models bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems and serve as a useful way to address the modeling challenge of how to recreate the cell and system complexity associated with real tissues. Our laboratory has developed an ex vivo rat mesentery culture model, which allows for simultaneous investigation of blood and lymphatic microvascular network remodeling in an intact tissue environment. Given that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are key contributors to the progression of cancer, the objective of this study was to combine tissue and tumor spheroid culture methods to establish a novel ex vivo tumor spheroid-tissue model by verifying its use for evaluating the effects of cancer cell behavior on the local microvascular environment. H1299 or A549 tumor spheroids were formed via hanging drop culture and seeded onto rat mesenteric tissues harvested from adult male Wistar rats. Tissues with transplanted spheroids were cultured in serum-free media for 3 to 5 days. PECAM, NG2, CD11b, and αSMA labeling identified endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, and smooth muscle cells, respectively. Time-lapse imaging confirmed cancer cell type specific migration. In addition to increasing PECAM positive capillary sprouting and LYVE-1 positive endothelial cell extensions indicative of lymphangiogenesis, tumor spheroid presence induced the formation of lymphatic/blood vessel connections and the formation of hybrid, mosaic vessels that were characterized by discontinuous LYVE-1 labeling. The results support the application of a novel tumor spheroid microenvironment model for investigating cancer cell-microvascular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinola O Lampejo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lightsey
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria C Gomes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christian M Nguyen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, USA
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Stephens CJ, Spector JA, Butcher JT. Biofabrication of thick vascularized neo-pedicle flaps for reconstructive surgery. Transl Res 2019; 211:84-122. [PMID: 31170376 PMCID: PMC6702068 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wound chronicity due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors perturbs adequate lesion closure and reestablishment of the protective skin barrier. Immediate and proper care of chronic wounds is necessary for a swift recovery and a reduction of patient vulnerability to infection. Advanced therapies supplemented with standard wound care procedures have been clinically implemented to restore aberrant tissue; however, these treatments are ineffective if local vasculature is too compromised to support minimally-invasive strategies. Autologous "flaps", which are tissues equipped with their own hierarchical vascular supply, can be harvested from one region of the patient and transplanted to the wound where it is reperfused upon microsurgical anastomosis to appropriate recipient vessels. Despite the success of autologous flap transfer, these procedures are extremely invasive, incur obligatory donor-site morbidity, and require sufficient donor-tissue availability, microsurgical expertise, and specialized equipment. 3D-bioprinting modalities, such as extrusion-based bioprinting, can be used to address the clinical constraints of autologous flap transfer, primarily addressing donor-site morbidity and tissue availability. This advancement in regenerative medicine allows the biofabrication of heterogeneous tissue structures with high shape fidelity and spatial resolution to generate biomimetic constructs with the anatomically-precise geometries of native tissue to ensure tissue-specific function. Yet, meaningful progress toward this clinical application has been limited by the lack of vascularization required to meet the nutrient and oxygen demands of clinically relevant tissue volumes. Thus, various criteria for the fabrication of functional tissues with hierarchical, patent vasculature must be considered when implementing 3D-bioprinting technologies for deep, chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Stephens
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jason A Spector
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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Gillen J, Richardson D, Moore K. Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoietin-2 Inhibitors: Clinical Development. Curr Oncol Rep 2019; 21:22. [PMID: 30806847 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-019-0771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the Tie2-angiopoietin system and its role in tumor growth and metastasis. This review also focuses on preclinical and clinical data published to date that have evaluated Tie2-angiopoietin inhibition. RECENT FINDINGS Tie2 inhibition has shown significant promise in preclinical models, notable for decreased tumor burden and fewer sites of metastatic disease across various malignancies. However, data from human clinical trials have shown more mixed results. Trebananib, rebastanib, and MEDI3617 are the three Tie2-angiopoietin inhibitors that have been most widely evaluated in phase I and II trials. Further investigation into these therapies is ongoing. The Tie2-angiopoietin pathway continues to show promise in preclinical and some clinical trials, including studies on recurrent or metastatic breast and renal cell carcinomas. Further evaluation of these therapies, however, is warranted to better understand their optimal clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gillen
- The University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer Center, 800 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Debra Richardson
- The University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer Center, 800 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kathleen Moore
- The University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer Center, 800 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Sweeney M, Foldes G. It Takes Two: Endothelial-Perivascular Cell Cross-Talk in Vascular Development and Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:154. [PMID: 30425990 PMCID: PMC6218412 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels is a crucial step in the development of any new tissue both during embryogenesis and in vitro models as without sufficient perfusion the tissue will be unable to grow beyond the size where nutrition and oxygenation can be managed by diffusion alone. Endothelial cells are the primary building block of blood vessels and are capable of forming tube like structures independently however they are unable to independently form functional vasculature which is capable of conducting blood flow. This requires support from other structures including supporting perivascular cells and the extracellular matrix. The crosstalk between endothelial cells and perivascular cells is vital in regulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and the consequences when this is disrupted can be seen in a variety of congenital and acquired disease states. This review details the mechanisms of vasculogenesis in vivo during embryogenesis and compares this to currently employed in vitro techniques. It also highlights clinical consequences of defects in the endothelial cell-pericyte cross-talk and highlights therapies which are being developed to target this pathway. Improving the understanding of the intricacies of endothelial-pericyte signaling will inform pathophysiology of multiple vascular diseases and allow the development of effective in vitro models to guide drug development and assist with approaches in tissue engineering to develop functional vasculature for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sweeney
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Foldes
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hyman DM, Rizvi N, Natale R, Armstrong DK, Birrer M, Recht L, Dotan E, Makker V, Kaley T, Kuruvilla D, Gribbin M, McDevitt J, Lai DW, Dar M. Phase I Study of MEDI3617, a Selective Angiopoietin-2 Inhibitor Alone and Combined with Carboplatin/Paclitaxel, Paclitaxel, or Bevacizumab for Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2749-2757. [PMID: 29559563 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This first-in-human study aimed to determine the MTD and safety of MEDI3617, a selective anti-angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) mAb, alone and combined with bevacizumab or cytotoxic chemotherapy.Patients and Methods: This phase I/Ib, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study evaluated patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients received intravenous MEDI3617 as monotherapy [5-1,500 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W)] or with bevacizumab every 2 weeks (Q2W) or Q3W, weekly paclitaxel, or carboplatin plus paclitaxel Q3W. Dose expansions included a monotherapy cohort in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and a bevacizumab combination cohort in bevacizumab-refractory malignant glioma. Safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity were assessed.Results: We enrolled 116 patients. No formal MTD was identified (monotherapy or combination therapy). MEDI3617 demonstrated linear pharmacokinetics and maximal accumulation of peripheral Ang2 binding at doses above 300 mg Q3W. MEDI3617 monotherapy safety profile was acceptable, except in advanced ovarian cancer [prolonged grade 3 edema-associated adverse events (AE) occurred]. Otherwise, MEDI3617 combined with chemotherapy or bevacizumab was well tolerated. The AE profiles of MEDI3617 and bevacizumab were largely non-overlapping. Overall response rates in ovarian cancer and glioma monotherapy dose-expansion arms were 6% and 0%, respectively.Conclusions: Recommended MEDI3617 monotherapy dosage is 1,500 mg Q3W or 1,000 mg Q2W, except in ovarian cancer. Although peripheral edema has occurred with other Ang2 inhibitors, the severity and duration seen here in ovarian cancer potentially identifies a new, clinically significant safety signal for this class of agents. On the basis of limited clinical activity, MEDI3617 development was discontinued. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2749-57. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hyman
- Developmental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Naiyer Rizvi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronald Natale
- Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Michael Birrer
- Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Efrat Dotan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vicky Makker
- Developmental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Kaley
- Developmental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Matthew Gribbin
- Clinical Development Oncology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | - Dominic W Lai
- Clinical Development Oncology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Mohammed Dar
- Clinical Development Oncology, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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Biel NM, Siemann DW. Targeting the Angiopoietin-2/Tie-2 axis in conjunction with VEGF signal interference. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:525-533. [PMID: 25312939 PMCID: PMC4394020 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapies target the tumor vasculature, impairing its development and growth. It was hypothesized over 40 years ago by the late Judah Folkman and Julie Denekamp that depriving a tumor of oxygen and nutrients, by targeting the tumor vasculature, could have therapeutic benefits. Identification of growth factors and signaling pathways important in angiogenesis subsequently led to the development of a series of anti-angiogenic agents that over the past decade have become part of the standard of care in several disease settings. Unfortunately not all patients respond to the currently available anti-angiogenic therapies while others become resistant to these agents following prolonged exposure. Identification of new pathways that may drive angiogenesis led to the development of second-generation anti-angiogenic agents such as those targeting the Ang-2/Tie2 axis. Recently, it has become clear that combination of first and second generation agents targeting the blood vessel network can lead to outcomes superior to those using either agent alone. The present review focuses on the current status of VEGF and Ang-2 targeted agents and the potential utility of using them in combination to impair tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett M Biel
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2000 SW, Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Zhu H, He J, Ye L, Lin F, Hou J, Zhong Y, Jiang W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis in a Curculigoside A-treated rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:313-21. [PMID: 26283324 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Curculigoside A has shown protective effects against rat cortical neuron damage in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms through which Curculigoside A affords this protection are unclear. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms of angiogenesis in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC), rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) as well as a rat model of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury following treatment with Curculigoside A. We examined the role of Curculigoside A on RAEC and RASMC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro and in a cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury rat model. We used the recombinant Dickkopf (DKK)-1 protein, a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, and the recombinant WIF-1 protein, a Wnt5a antagonist to determine mechanisms. In addition, we measured leakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tested for angiogenesis associated proteins. Our data suggest that Curculigoside A induces angiogenesis in vitro by increasing proliferation, migration and tube formation in RAEC and RASMC. The increase in Curculigoside A-induced proliferation and tube formation was counteracted by DKK-1 and WIF-1. Curculigoside A increased expression of VEGF, p-VEGFR, p-CREB, Egr-3, VCAM-1, Ang1 and Tie2 while prohibiting BBB leakage in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injured rats. However, Cyclosporine A, a CREB inhibitor, reduced the expression of p-CREB, Egr-3, VCAM-1, Ang1 and Tie2. These data suggest that Curculigoside A induces cell proliferation and angiogenesis through the Wnt5a/β-catenin and VEGF/CREB/Egr-3/VCAM-1 signaling axis and promotes maturation and stability of new blood vessels via increasing Ang1 and Tie-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; Institute of Toxicology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Jie He
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies (Luye Pharma Group Ltd.), Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China; Institute of Toxicology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies (Luye Pharma Group Ltd.), Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies (Luye Pharma Group Ltd.), Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies (Luye Pharma Group Ltd.), Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Wanglin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Materia Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China.
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Biel NM, Lee JA, Sorg BS, Siemann DW. Limitations of the dorsal skinfold window chamber model in evaluating anti-angiogenic therapy during early phase of angiogenesis. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:17. [PMID: 25101168 PMCID: PMC4123308 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is an essential process during tumor development and growth. The murine dorsal skinfold window chamber model has been used for the study of both tumor microvasculature and other vascular diseases, including the study of anti-angiogenic agents in cancer therapy. Hyperspectral imaging of oxygen status of the microvasculature has not been widely used to evaluate response to inhibition of angiogenesis in early tumor cell induced vascular development. This study demonstrates the use of two different classes of anti-angiogenic agents, one targeting the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) pathway involved with vessel sprouting and the other targeting the Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway involved in vascular destabilization. Studies evaluated the tumor microvascular response to anti-angiogenic inhibitors in the highly angiogenic renal cell carcinoma induced angiogenesis model. Methods Human renal cell carcinoma, Caki-2 cells, were implanted in the murine skinfold window chamber. Mice were treated with either VEGF pathway targeted small molecule inhibitor Sunitinib (100 mg/kg) or with an anti-Ang-2 monoclonal antibody (10 mg/kg) beginning the day of window chamber surgery and tumor cell implantation. Hyperspectral imaging of hemoglobin saturation was used to evaluate both the development and oxygenation of the tumor microvasculature. Tumor volume over time was also assessed over an 11-day period post surgery. Results The window chamber model was useful to demonstrate the inhibition of angiogenesis using the VEGF pathway targeted agent Sunitinib. Results show impairment of tumor microvascular development, reduced oxygenation of tumor-associated vasculature and impairment of tumor volume growth compared to control. On the other hand, this model failed to demonstrate the anti-angiogenic effect of the Ang-2 targeted agent. Follow up experiments suggest that the initial surgery of the window chamber model may interfere with such an agent thus skewing the actual effects on angiogenesis. Conclusions Results show that this model has great potential to evaluate anti-VEGF, or comparable, targeted agents; however the mere protocol of the window chamber model interferes with proper evaluation of Ang-2 targeted agents. The limitations of this in vivo model in evaluating the response of tumor vasculature to anti-angiogenic agents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett M Biel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian S Sorg
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville MD 20852, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd., Gainesville FL 32610, USA ; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2000 SW Archer Road, Gainesville FL 32610, USA
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Connection of pericyte-angiopoietin-Tie-2 system in diabetic retinopathy: friend or foe? Future Med Chem 2013. [PMID: 23190105 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are distinctive regulators of vascular morphologenesis and function during vascular development and homeostasis. Pericytes have recently come into focus as implications of aberrant interactions between pericytes and endothelial cells in number of pathological angiogenesis conditions, including diabetic retinopathy and tumor angiogenesis. Pericyte dropout is a hallmark of early diabetic retinopathy. Abnormal angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie-2 signaling is one principal system participating in pericyte/endothelial cell dissociation during early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2) is among the relevant growth factors induced by hypoxia and plays an important role in the initiation of retinal neovascularization and cause pericyte loss. Furthermore, high levels of VEGF synergize Ang-Tie-2 signaling during the development of diabetic retinopathy. An accelerated rate of clinical development Ang-Tie-2-manipulating drugs requests a better mechanistic understanding the connection between pericytes and Ang-Tie-2 systems both under normal and disease conditions. We summarize recent advances in pericyte study in conjunction with Ang-Tie-2 signaling and also discuss possible therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy by targeting pericytes through manipulating Ang-Tie-2 signaling.
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Eroglu Z, Stein CA, Pal SK. Targeting angiopoietin-2 signaling in cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:813-25. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.793306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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