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de Souza MDGC, Cyrino FZGA, Bouskela E. Protective effects of Ruscus extract in combination with ascorbic acid and hesperidine methylchalcone on increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction and macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia reperfusion injury. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242111. [PMID: 38995768 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-recognized effectiveness of Ruscus aculetus extract combined or not with ascorbic acid (AA) and hesperidine methyl chalcone (HMC) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury protection, little is known about the contribution of each constituent for this effect. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of AA and HMC combined or not with Ruscus extract on increased macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by I/R injury. METHODS Hamsters were treated daily during two weeks with filtered water (placebo), AA (33, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day) and HMC (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day) combined or not with Ruscus extract (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day). On the day of experiment, the cheek pouch microcirculation underwent 30 min of ischemia, and the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and leaky sites were evaluated before ischemia and during 45 min of reperfusion. RESULTS Ruscus extract combined with AA and HMC (Ruscus extract mixture) significantly prevented post-ischemic increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and macromolecular permeability compared to placebo and these effects were more prominent than AA and HMC alone on leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular leakage. CONCLUSION Ruscus extract mixture were more effective than its isolated constituents in protect the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria das Graças C de Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BioVasc), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fatima Z G A Cyrino
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BioVasc), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas e Experimentais em Biologia Vascular (BioVasc), Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kostić M, Korićanac G, Tepavčević S, Stanišić J, Romić S, Ćulafić T, Ivković T, Stojiljković M. Low-intensity exercise diverts cardiac fatty acid metabolism from triacylglycerol synthesis to beta oxidation in fructose-fed rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-11. [PMID: 33612014 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1886118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excessive fructose consumption causes ectopic lipid storage leading to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases associated with defective substrate utilisation in the heart. OBJECTIVE Examining the preventive impact of low-intensity exercise on alterations related to fructose-rich diet (FRD) on cardiac fatty acid (FA) transport and metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control and two groups that received 10% fructose for 9 weeks, one of which was additionally exposed to exercise. RESULTS FRD elevated plasma and cardiac TAG, FATP1 in plasma membrane, Lipin 1 in microsomes and HSL mRNA, while mitochondrial CPT1 was decreased. Exercise decreased plasma free FA level, raised CD36 in plasma membrane and FATP1 in lysate, mitochondrial CPT1 and decreased microsomal Lipin 1 in fructose-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS FRD changed plasma lipids and augmented partitioning of FA to TAG storage in the heart, whereas exercise in FRD rats switched metabolism of FA towards β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kostić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Tepavčević
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanišić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Romić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ćulafić
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivković
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljković
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Stubbs EB, Fisher MA, Miller CM, Jelinek C, Butler J, McBurney C, Collins EG. Randomized Controlled Trial of Physical Exercise in Diabetic Veterans With Length-Dependent Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:51. [PMID: 30804739 PMCID: PMC6379046 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Physical exercise is an essential adjunct to the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therapeutic interventions that improve blood flow to peripheral nerves, such as exercise, may slow the progression of neuropathy in the diabetic patient. Aims: This randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine whether a structured program of aerobic, isokinetic strength, or the combination of aerobic–isokinetic strength exercise intervention alters peripheral nerve function in glycemic-controlled diabetic patients with advanced length-dependent distal symmetric polyneuropathy. Methods: Forty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibiting tight glycemic control (HbA1c intergroup range 7.2–8.0%) were randomized by block design across four experimental groups: sedentary controls (n = 12), aerobic exercise (n = 11), isokinetic strength (n = 11), or the combination of aerobic–isokinetic strength training (n = 11). Patients randomized to training groups exercised 3× per week for 12 weeks, whereas patients randomized to the sedentary control group received standard of care. To minimize attention and educational bias, all patients attended a 12-session health promotion educational series. At baseline, immediately following intervention, and again at 12-week post-intervention, detailed nerve conduction studies were conducted as a primary outcome measure. At these same intervals, all patients completed as secondary measures quantitative sensory testing, symptom-limited treadmill stress tests, and a Short-Form 36-Veterans Questionnaire (SF-36V). Results: Of the 45 patients randomized into this study, 37 (82%) had absent sural nerve responses, 19 (42%) had absent median sensory nerve responses, and 17 (38%) had absent ulnar sensory nerve responses. By comparison, responses from tibial nerves were absent in only three (7%) subjects while responses from peroneal nerves were absent in five (11%) subjects. Eleven (92%) of 12 patients that had volunteered to be biopsied exhibited abnormal levels of epidermal nerve fiber densities. Exercise, regardless of type, did not alter sensory or motor nerve electrodiagnostic findings among those patients exhibiting measurable responses (ANOVA). There was, however, a modest (p = 0.01) beneficial effect of exercise on sensory nerve function (Fisher’s Exact Test). Importantly, the beneficial effect of exercise on sensory nerve function was enhanced (p = 0.03) during the post-intervention interval. In addition, three of six patients that had undergone exercise intervention exhibited a marked 1.9 ± 0.3-fold improvement in epidermal nerve fiber density. By comparison, none of three sedentary patients whom agreed to be biopsied a second time showed improvement in epidermal nerve fiber density. Compared to baseline values within groups, and compared with sedentary values across groups, neither aerobic, isokinetic strength, or the combination of aerobic–isokinetic strength exercise intervention altered peak oxygen uptake. Patients that underwent aerobic or the combined aerobic–isokinetic strength exercise intervention, however, demonstrated an increase in treadmill test duration that was sustained over the 12-week post-intervention period. Conclusion: A 12-week course of physical exercise, regardless of type, does not alter sensory or motor nerve electrodiagnostic findings. In a subset of patients, a short-term structured program of aerobic exercise may selectively improve sensory nerve fiber function. Large-scale exercise lifestyle intervention trials are warranted to further evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on sensory nerve fiber function in diabetic neuropathic patients. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT00955201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Stubbs
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Morris A Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, United States.,Neurology Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Clara M Miller
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Christine Jelinek
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Jolene Butler
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Conor McBurney
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Eileen G Collins
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States.,Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Rauly-Lestienne I, Heusler P, Cussac D, Lantoine-Adam F, de Almeida Cyrino FZG, Bouskela E. Contribution of muscarinic receptors to in vitro and in vivo effects of Ruscus extract. Microvasc Res 2017; 114:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Frantz EDC, Medeiros RF, Giori IG, Lima JBS, Bento-Bernardes T, Gaique TG, Fernandes-Santos C, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Vieira CP, Conte-Junior CA, Oliveira KJ, Nobrega ACL. Exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system in fructose-fed rats. Exp Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626963 DOI: 10.1113/ep085924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of exercise training on the hepatic renin-angiotensin system and their contribution to damage resulting from fructose overload in rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Exercise training attenuated the deleterious actions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and increased expression of the counter-regulatory (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor) axis in the liver. Therefore, our study provides evidence that exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to reducing the progression of metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in fructose-fed rats. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome. We investigated whether the hepatic RAS is modulated by exercise training and whether this modulation improves the deleterious effects of fructose overload in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 8 each) control (CT), exercise control (CT-Ex), high-fructose (HFr) and exercise high-fructose (HFr-Ex) groups. Fructose-drinking rats received d-fructose (100 g l-1 ). After 2 weeks, CT-Ex and HFr-Ex rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at moderate intensity for 8 weeks (60 min day-1 , 4 days per week). We assessed body mass, glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic histopathology, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, the angiotensin concentration and the expression profile of proteins affecting the hepatic RAS, gluconeogenesis and inflammation. Neither fructose overload nor exercise training influenced body mass gain and serum ACE and ACE2 activity. The HFr group showed hyperinsulinaemia, but exercise training normalized this parameter. Exercise training was effective in preventing hepatic steatosis and in preventing triacylglycerol and glycogen accumulation. Furthermore, exercise improved the response to the deleterious effects of HFr overload by normalizing the gluconeogenesis pathway and the protein levels of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. The HFr rats displayed increased hepatic ACE activity and protein expression and angiotensin II concentration, which were attenuated by exercise training. Exercise training restored the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Exercise training may favour the counter-regulatory ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis over the classical RAS (ACE/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis), which could be responsible for the reduction of metabolic dysfunction and the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Gadioli Gaique
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Paulo Vieira
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Maarman GJ, Mendham AE, Lamont K, George C. Review of a causal role of fructose-containing sugars in myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nutr Res 2017. [PMID: 28633867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2012, the World Health Organization Global Status Report on noncommunicable diseases showed that 7.4 million deaths were due to ischemic heart disease. Consequently, cardiovascular disease is a significant health burden, especially when partnered with comorbidities such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of note, these diseases can all be induced or exacerbated by diet. Carbohydrates, in particular, fructose and glucose, generally form the largest part of the human diet. Accumulating evidence from animal studies suggests that if large amounts of fructose are consumed either in isolation or in combination with glucose (fructose-containing sugars), myocardial susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increases. However, the underlying mechanisms that predisposes the myocardium to I/R injury in the fructose model are not elucidated, and no single mechanistic pathway has been described. Based on all available data on this topic, this review describes previously investigated mechanisms and highlights 3 main mechanistic pathways whereby fructose has shown to increase myocardial susceptibility to I/R injury. These pathways include (1) increased reactive oxygen species, resulting in reduced nitric oxide synthase and coronary flow; (2) elevated plasma fatty acids and insulin, leading to increased cardiac triglyceride content and lipotoxicity; and (3) disrupted myocardial calcium handling/homeostasis. Moreover, we highlight various factors that should be taken into account when the fructose animal model is used, such as rat strain, treatment periods, and doses. We argue that failure to do so would result in erratic inferences drawn from the existing body of evidence on fructose animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Maarman
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, 7725, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, 7725, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Kim Lamont
- Soweto Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, 3Q05, 7 York Rd, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Cindy George
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Farah D, Nunes J, Sartori M, Dias DDS, Sirvente R, Silva MB, Fiorino P, Morris M, Llesuy S, Farah V, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Exercise Training Prevents Cardiovascular Derangements Induced by Fructose Overload in Developing Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167291. [PMID: 27930685 PMCID: PMC5145255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The risks of chronic diseases associated with the increasing consumption of fructose-laden foods are amplified by the lack of regular physical activity and have become a serious public health issue worldwide. Moreover, childhood eating habits are strongly related to metabolic syndrome in adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the preventive role of exercise training undertaken concurrently with a high fructose diet on cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress in male rats after weaning. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group): Sedentary control (SC), Trained control (TC), Sedentary Fructose (SF) and Trained Fructose (TF). Training was performed on a treadmill (8 weeks, 40–60% of maximum exercise test). Evaluations of cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress in plasma and in left ventricle (LV) were performed. Chronic fructose overload induced glucose intolerance and an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, in myocardial performance index (MPI) (SF:0.42±0.04 vs. SC:0.24±0.05) and in arterial pressure (SF:122±3 vs. SC:113±1 mmHg) associated with increased cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation. Fructose also induced unfavorable changes in oxidative stress profile (plasmatic protein oxidation- SF:3.30±0.09 vs. SC:1.45±0.08 nmol/mg prot; and LV total antioxidant capacity (TRAP)- SF: 2.5±0.5 vs. SC:12.7±1.7 uM trolox). The TF group showed reduced WAT, glucose intolerance, MPI (0.35±0.04), arterial pressure (118±2mmHg), sympathetic modulation, plasmatic protein oxidation and increased TRAP when compared to SF group. Therefore, our findings indicate that cardiometabolic dysfunctions induced by fructose overload early in life may be prevented by moderate aerobic exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas Nunes
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Sartori
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Sirvente
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maikon B. Silva
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fiorino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States of America
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vera Farah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Stanišić J, Korićanac G, Ćulafić T, Romić S, Stojiljković M, Kostić M, Pantelić M, Tepavčević S. Low intensity exercise prevents disturbances in rat cardiac insulin signaling and endothelial nitric oxide synthase induced by high fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:97-104. [PMID: 26644274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increase in fructose consumption together with decrease in physical activity contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome and consequently cardiovascular diseases. The current study examined the preventive role of exercise on defects in cardiac insulin signaling and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in fructose fed rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, sedentary fructose (received 10% fructose for 9 weeks) and exercise fructose (additionally exposed to low intensity exercise) groups. Concentration of triglycerides, glucose, insulin and visceral adipose tissue weight were determined to estimate metabolic syndrome development. Expression and/or phosphorylation of cardiac insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), Akt, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and eNOS were evaluated. Fructose overload increased visceral adipose tissue, insulin concentration and homeostasis model assessment index. Exercise managed to decrease visceral adiposity and insulin level and to increase insulin sensitivity. Fructose diet increased level of cardiac PTP1B and pIRS1 (Ser307), while levels of IR and ERK1/2, as well as pIRS1 (Tyr 632), pAkt (Ser473, Thr308) and pERK1/2 were decreased. These disturbances were accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177. Exercise managed to prevent most of the disturbances in insulin signaling caused by fructose diet (except phosphorylation of IRS1 at Tyr 632 and phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK1/2) and consequently restored function of eNOS. Low intensity exercise could be considered as efficient treatment of cardiac insulin resistance induced by fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanišić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ćulafić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Romić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljković
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kostić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Tepavčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Boa BCS, Barros CMMR, Souza MDGC, Castiglione RC, Cyrino FZGA, Bouskela E. α-Tocopherol Improves Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Fructose Fed Hamsters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134740. [PMID: 26244369 PMCID: PMC4526657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose, an everyday component of western diet associated to chronic hyperglycemia and enhanced free radical production, impairs endothelial function and supplementation with antioxidants might improve it. In this study we investigated if vitamin E could reverse the microvascular damage elicited by fructose. Male Syrian golden hamsters drank either 10% fructose solution (F) or filtered water (C), combined with three concentrations of vitamin E in their chows [zero, normal (VE) or 5X (5XVE)] during 60 days. Microvascular reactivity in response to topical application of acetylcholine (Ach; endothelium-dependent vasodilator) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; endothelium-independent vasodilator) and macromolecular permeability increase induced by either 30 min ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) or topical application of histamine (5 μM) were assessed using the cheek pouch preparation. Compared to controls (drinking filtered water), fructose-drinking animals showed decreased vasodilatation to acetylcholine in all concentrations tested (-56.2% for 10-9M, -53.9% for 10-7M and -43.7% for 10-5M). On the other hand, vitamin E supplementation resulted in increased responses for both water and fructose drinking groups (177.4% for F vs. F/5XVE and 241.6% for C vs. C/5XVE for 10-5M Ach). Endothelial-independent vasodilatation explored by topical application of SNP was restored and even enhanced with the supplementation of 5X vitamin E in both groups (80.1% for F vs. F/5XVE; 144.2% for C vs. C/5XVE; 3.4% of difference for C/5XVE vs. F/5XVE on 10-5M SNP). The number of leaky sites after I/R and histamine stimuli in vitamin E supplemented animals decreased (-25.1% and -15.3% for F vs. F/5XVE; and -21.7% and -16% of leaky sites comparing C vs. C/5XVE, respectively for I/R and histamine stimuli) pointing to tightening of the endothelial barrier for macromolecular permeability. Our results strongly suggest that vitamin E could improve the endothelial function and permeability barrier and also reverse impairments elicited by sugar overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C. S. Boa
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos M. M. R. Barros
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças C. Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel C. Castiglione
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Z. G. A. Cyrino
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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