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Yu PK, Mehnert A, Dickson JB, Qambari H, Balaratnasingam C, Cringle S, Darcey D, Yu DY. Quantitative study of spatial and temporal variation in retinal capillary network perfusion in rat eye by in vivo confocal imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18923. [PMID: 37919331 PMCID: PMC10622421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is the underlying pathological process in many systemic diseases. However, investigation into its pathogenesis is impeded by the accessibility and complexity of the microvasculature within different organs, particularly for the central nervous system. The retina as an extension of the cerebrum provides a glimpse into the brain through which the microvasculature can be observed. Two major questions remain unanswered: How do the microvessels regulate spatial and temporal delivery to satisfy the varying cellular demands, and how can we quantify blood perfusion in the 3D capillary network? Here, quantitative measurements of red blood cell (RBC) speed in each vessel in the field were made in the in vivo rat retinal capillary network using an ultrafast confocal technique with fluorescently labelled RBCs. Retinal RBC speed and number were found to vary remarkably between microvessels ranging from 215 to 6641 microns per second with significant variations spatially and temporally. Overall, the RBC speed was significantly faster in the microvessels in the superficial retina than in the deep retina (estimated marginal means of 2405 ± 238.2 µm/s, 1641 ± 173.0 µm/s respectively). These observations point to a highly dynamic nature of microvasculature that is specific to its immediate cellular environment and is constantly changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Kun Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Mehnert
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Hassanain Qambari
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Chandrakumar Balaratnasingam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen Cringle
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Dean Darcey
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
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Rota A, Possenti L, Offeddu GS, Senesi M, Stucchi A, Venturelli I, Rancati T, Zunino P, Kamm RD, Costantino ML. A three-dimensional method for morphological analysis and flow velocity estimation in microvasculature on-a-chip. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10557. [PMID: 37693050 PMCID: PMC10487341 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., confocal microscopy) are commonly used to visualize in vitro models, especially microvasculature on-a-chip. Conversely, 3D analysis is not the standard method to extract quantitative information from those models. We developed the μVES algorithm to analyze vascularized in vitro models leveraging 3D data. It computes morphological parameters (geometry, diameter, length, tortuosity, eccentricity) and intravascular flow velocity. μVES application to microfluidic vascularized in vitro models shows that they successfully replicate functional features of the microvasculature in vivo in terms of intravascular fluid flow velocity. However, wall shear stress is lower compared to in vivo references. The morphological analysis also highlights the model's physiological similarities (vessel length and tortuosity) and shortcomings (vessel radius and surface-over-volume ratio). The addition of the third dimension in our analysis produced significant differences in the metrics assessed compared to 2D estimations. It enabled the computation of new indices, such as vessel eccentricity. These μVES capabilities can find application in analyses of different in vitro vascular models, as well as in vivo and ex vivo microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rota
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Luca Possenti
- Data Science Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Giovanni S. Offeddu
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martina Senesi
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Adelaide Stucchi
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Irene Venturelli
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Tiziana Rancati
- Data Science Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data ScienceFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Paolo Zunino
- MOX, Department of MathematicsPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maria Laura Costantino
- LaBS, Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" DepartmentPolitecnico di MilanoMilanItaly
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Helmy Abdou MA, Truong TT, Dykky A, Ferreira P, Jul E. CapillaryNet: An automated system to quantify skin capillary density and red blood cell velocity from handheld vital microscopy. Artif Intell Med 2022; 127:102287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2022.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Le AV, Fenech M. Image-Based Experimental Measurement Techniques to Characterize Velocity Fields in Blood Microflows. Front Physiol 2022; 13:886675. [PMID: 35574441 PMCID: PMC9099138 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting blood microflow in both simple and complex geometries is challenging because of the composition and behavior of the blood at microscale. However, characterization of the velocity in microchannels is the key for gaining insights into cellular interactions at the microscale, mechanisms of diseases, and efficacy of therapeutic solutions. Image-based measurement techniques are a subset of methods for measuring the local flow velocity that typically utilize tracer particles for flow visualization. In the most basic form, a high-speed camera and microscope setup are the only requirements for data acquisition; however, the development of image processing algorithms and equipment has made current image-based techniques more sophisticated. This mini review aims to provide a succinct and accessible overview of image-based experimental measurement techniques to characterize the velocity field of blood microflow. The following techniques are introduced: cell tracking velocimetry, kymographs, micro-particle velocimetry, and dual-slit photometry as entry techniques for measuring various velocity fields either in vivo or in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Vinh Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5048—INSERM UMR 1054, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marianne Fenech
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marianne Fenech,
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Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Hemodynamics and Pregnancy Outcomes of Severe Preeclampsia Pregnant Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2655858. [PMID: 35242197 PMCID: PMC8888056 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2655858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on hemodynamics and pregnancy outcomes of severe preeclampsia pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section. METHODS 126 patients with severe preeclampsia admitted to Zhangqiu District People's Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 63) and control group (n = 63). After undergoing cesarean section, the patients in the experimental group received CSEA, while those in the control group were given TIVA. After that, the effect of different anesthesia methods on the hemodynamics and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women was compared. RESULTS There were no significant differences in age, BMI value, weight, height, gestational weeks, SBP, DBP, and residence between the two groups (P > 0.05). The operation duration, the onset time of anesthesia, and delivery time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with less intraoperative blood loss in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.001). In both groups, MAP and SpO2 during delivery were significantly lower than those before anesthesia, and HR was significantly higher than that before anesthesia (P < 0.001). In the experimental group, MAP and HR during delivery were significantly lower than those in the control group, and SpO2 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The total effective rate of anesthesia in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The Apgar scoring of the newborns in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), and the total incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CSEA is a reliable anesthesia method for improving the hemodynamics indicators in pregnant patients with severe preeclampsia; such strategy greatly increases the Apgar score of newborns and shortens the anesthesia onset time. Further research will be conducive to establishing a better anesthesia plan for such patients.
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Dunn KW. Digital Image Analysis Tools Developed by the Indiana O'Brien Center. Front Physiol 2021; 12:812170. [PMID: 34975549 PMCID: PMC8716822 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.812170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The scale and complexity of images collected in biological microscopy have grown enormously over the past 30 years. The development and commercialization of multiphoton microscopy has promoted a renaissance of intravital microscopy, providing a window into cell biology in vivo. New methods of optical sectioning and tissue clearing now enable biologists to characterize entire organs at subcellular resolution. New methods of multiplexed imaging support simultaneous localization of forty or more probes at a time. Exploiting these exciting new techniques has increasingly required biomedical researchers to master procedures of image analysis that were once the specialized province of imaging experts. A primary goal of the Indiana O'Brien Center has been to develop robust and accessible image analysis tools for biomedical researchers. Here we describe biomedical image analysis software developed by the Indiana O'Brien Center over the past 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W. Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Dunn KW, Molitoris BA, Dagher PC. The Indiana O'Brien Center for Advanced Renal Microscopic Analysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F671-F682. [PMID: 33682441 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00007.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indiana O'Brien Center for Advanced Microscopic Analysis is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) P30-funded research center dedicated to the development and dissemination of advanced methods of optical microscopy to support renal researchers throughout the world. The Indiana O'Brien Center was founded in 2002 as an NIH P-50 project with the original goal of helping researchers realize the potential of intravital multiphoton microscopy as a tool for understanding renal physiology and pathophysiology. The center has since expanded into the development and implementation of large-scale, high-content tissue cytometry. The advanced imaging capabilities of the center are made available to renal researchers worldwide via collaborations and a unique fellowship program. Center outreach is accomplished through an enrichment core that oversees a seminar series, an informational website, and a biennial workshop featuring hands-on training from members of the Indiana O'Brien Center and imaging experts from around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Dunn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pierre C Dagher
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Vaghela R, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Hessenauer M. Actually Seeing What Is Going on - Intravital Microscopy in Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:627462. [PMID: 33681162 PMCID: PMC7925911 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.627462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) study approach offers several advantages over in vitro, ex vivo, and 3D models. IVM provides real-time imaging of cellular events, which provides us a comprehensive picture of dynamic processes. Rapid improvement in microscopy techniques has permitted deep tissue imaging at a higher resolution. Advances in fluorescence tagging methods enable tracking of specific cell types. Moreover, IVM can serve as an important tool to study different stages of tissue regeneration processes. Furthermore, the compatibility of different tissue engineered constructs can be analyzed. IVM is also a promising approach to investigate host reactions on implanted biomaterials. IVM can provide instant feedback for improvising tissue engineering strategies. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the requirements and applications of different IVM approaches. First, we will discuss the history of IVM development, and then we will provide an overview of available optical modalities including the pros and cons. Later, we will summarize different fluorescence labeling methods. In the final section, we will discuss well-established chronic and acute IVM models for different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Vaghela
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hessenauer
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Marcoccia A, Klein-Weigel PF, Gschwandtner ME, Wautrecht JC, Matuska J, Rother U, Houben AJHM. Microcirculatory assessment of vascular diseases. VASA 2020; 49:175-186. [PMID: 32040388 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term "microcirculation" refers to the terminal vascular network of the body, which includes arterioles, capillaries, venules as well as initial lymphatic vessels. Additionally, it insinuates to their unique function in thermoregulation, fluid balance, maintenance of cellular exchange, and metabolism. Disturbances of microvascular function were identified to precede macrovascular involvement in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and is the hallmark of terminal disease stages like critical limb or acral ischemia. Nevertheless, despite its obvious significance in vascular medicine assessment of microvascular function became increasingly neglected in the clinical institutions during the last decades and seems to play a subordinary role in medical education. We therefore provide an overview over relevant and clinically practicable methods to assess microcirculation in vascular medicine with critical estimations of their pros and cons and their perspectives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marcoccia
- Unità di Medicina Vascolare e Autoimmunità, CRIIS-Centro di riferimento interdisciplinare per la Sclerosi Sistemica, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter F Klein-Weigel
- Klinik für Angiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin II, Ernst von Bergmann Klinikum, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael E Gschwandtner
- Medizinische Universtiät Wien, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinische Abteilung für Angiologie, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean Claude Wautrecht
- Service de Pathologie Vasculaire, Hôpital ERASME, Université Libre de Bruxelle, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jiri Matuska
- MATMED s.r.o., Private Angiology Facility, Hodonin, Czech Republic
| | - Ulrich Rother
- Gefäßchirurgische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM; Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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