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Guo J, Zheng X, Du X, Li W, Lu L. BMA-based Mendelian randomization identifies blood metabolites as causal candidates in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01787-4. [PMID: 38951678 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), a prominent determinant of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, is hindered by the absence of efficacious biomarkers for early diagnosis, contributing to suboptimal outcomes. Here, we explored potential causal relationships between blood metabolites and the risk of PIH using Mendelian randomization (MR). We employed a two-sample univariable MR approach to empirically estimate the causal relationships between 249 circulating metabolites and PIH. Inverse variance weighted, MR-egger, weight median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were used for causal estimates. The exposure-to-outcome directionality was confirmed with the MR Steiger test. The Bayesian model averaging MR (MR-BMA) method was applied to detect the predominant causal metabolic traits with alignment for pleiotropy effects. In the primary analysis, analyzing 249 metabolites, we identified 25 causally linked to PIH, including 11 lipid-related traits and 6 associated with fatty acid (un)saturation. Importantly, MR-BMA analyses corroborated the total concentration of branched-chain amino acids(total-BCAA) to be the highest rank causal metabolite, followed by leucine (Leu), phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium LDL (M-LDL-PL-pct), and Val (all P < 0.05). The directionality of causality predicted by univariable MR and MR-BMA for these metabolites remained consistent. This study highlights the causal connection between metabolites and PIH risk. It highlighted BCAAs as the strongest causal candidates warranting further investigation. Since PIH typically occurs in the second and third trimesters, extending these findings could inform earlier strategies to reduce its risk. Directed acyclic graph of the MR framework investigating the causal relationship between metabolites and PIH. MR: Mendelian randomization; GIVs: genetic instrument variables; SNPs: single-nucleotide polymorphism; IVW: inverse variance weighted; WM: weighted median; PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; SM: significant metabolite; MR-BMA: Bayesian model averaging MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliate Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Department of gynaecology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China.
| | - Likui Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Jiménez-Osorio AS, Carreón-Torres E, Correa-Solís E, Ángel-García J, Arias-Rico J, Jiménez-Garza O, Morales-Castillejos L, Díaz-Zuleta HA, Baltazar-Tellez RM, Sánchez-Padilla ML, Flores-Chávez OR, Estrada-Luna D. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by Obesity, Gestational Diabetes, and Preeclampsia in Pregnancy: Role of High-Density Lipoproteins as Vectors for Bioactive Compounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1894. [PMID: 37891973 PMCID: PMC10604737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. However, in certain conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, and other cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL loses its protective properties, becoming dysfunctional. Bioactive compounds have been widely studied as mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in different diseases, but their mechanisms of action are still unknown. Nonetheless, these agents, which are obtained from functional foods, increase the concentration of HDL, TRC, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, this review first summarizes several mechanisms of HDL participation in the equilibrium between inflammation and oxidative stress. Second, it gives an insight into how HDL may act as a vector for bioactive compounds. Third, it describes the relationships between the inflammation process in pregnancy and HDL activity. Consequently, different databases were used, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus, where scientific articles published in the English language up to 2023 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Emmanuel Correa-Solís
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Carretera Teotitlán-San Antonio Nanahuatipán Km 1.7 s/n., Paraje Titlacuatitla, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Ángel-García
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - José Arias-Rico
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Lizbeth Morales-Castillejos
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Hugo Alexander Díaz-Zuleta
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Cl. 222 #54-21, Bogotá 111166, Colombia;
| | - Rosa María Baltazar-Tellez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - María Luisa Sánchez-Padilla
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Olga Rocío Flores-Chávez
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
| | - Diego Estrada-Luna
- Área Académica de Enfermería, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado Hida go, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.S.J.-O.); (J.Á.-G.); (J.A.-R.); (O.J.-G.); (L.M.-C.); (R.M.B.-T.); (M.L.S.-P.); (O.R.F.-C.)
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Górczewski W, Górecka J, Massalska-Wolska M, Staśkiewicz M, Borowski D, Huras H, Rybak-Krzyszkowska M. Role of First Trimester Screening Biochemical Markers to Predict Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders and SGA Neonates-A Narrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2454. [PMID: 37685488 PMCID: PMC10487207 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early recognition of high-risk pregnancies through biochemical markers may promote antenatal surveillance, resulting in improved pregnancy outcomes. The goal of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of using biochemical markers during the first trimester of pregnancy in the prediction of hypertensive pregnancy disorders (HPD) and the delivery of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. A comprehensive search was conducted on key databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for articles relating to the use of biochemical markers in the prediction of HPD and SGA. The findings show that changes in the levels of biomarkers in the early pregnancy phases could be an important indicator of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The literature shows that low PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and PlGF (placental growth factor) levels, low alkaline phosphatase (AP), higher sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1) levels, higher AFP (alfa fetoprotein) levels, and elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as β-HGC (free beta human chorionic gonadotropin), interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) may be associated with risks including the onset of HPD, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and delivery of SGA neonates. Comparatively, PAPP-A and PlGF appear to be the most important biochemical markers for the prediction of SGA and HPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Górczewski
- Independent Public Health Care Facility “Bl. Marta Wiecka County Hospital”, 32-700 Bochnia, Poland
| | - Joanna Górecka
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, University Hospital, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Massalska-Wolska
- Clinical Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Gynecology, University Hospital, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staśkiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, University Hospital, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Borowski
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Combined Hospital in Kielce, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Hubert Huras
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
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Weng X, Zhu Q, Liao C, Jiang G. Cumulative Exposure to Phthalates and Their Alternatives and Associated Female Reproductive Health: Body Burdens, Adverse Outcomes, and Underlying Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37196176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The global birth rate has recently shown a decreasing trend, and exposure to environmental pollutants has been identified as a potential factor affecting female reproductive health. Phthalates have been widely used as plasticizers in plastic containers, children's toys, and medical devices, and their ubiquitous presence and endocrine-disrupting potential have already raised particular concerns. Phthalate exposure has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, including reproductive diseases. Given that many phthalates are gradually being banned, a growing number of phthalate alternatives are becoming popular, such as di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and they are beginning to have a wide range of environmental effects. Studies have shown that many phthalate alternatives may disrupt female reproductive function by altering the estrous cycle, causing ovarian follicular atresia, and prolonging the gestational cycle, which raises growing concerns about their potential health risks. Herein, we summarize the effects of phthalates and their common alternatives in different female models, the exposure levels that influence the reproductive system, and the effects on female reproductive impairment, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and offspring development. Additionally, we scrutinize the effects of phthalates and their alternatives on hormone signaling, oxidative stress, and intracellular signaling to explore the underlying mechanisms of action on female reproductive health, because these chemicals may affect reproductive tissues directly or indirectly through endocrine disruption. Given the declining global trends of female reproductive capacity and the potential ability of phthalates and their alternatives to negatively impact female reproductive health, a more comprehensive study is needed to understand their effects on the human body and their underlying mechanisms. These findings may have an important role in improving female reproductive health and in turn decreasing the number of complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in subtypes of preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Placenta 2023; 132:55-67. [PMID: 36669343 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies about oxidative stress biomarkers revealed different phenotypes between early and late preeclampsia (PE). Despite that, there is extensive evidence of oxidative stress in investigations that combinate forms different of preeclampsia. This study reviews the oxidative stress profile in the PE subtypes and evaluates which markers are altered in the blood and placental tissue. A search was conducted in databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science without restricting the year and language of publication. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Joanna Briggs Institute for analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. After 13,319 screened records, 65 were included in the systematic review. The markers of stress oxidative of damage and reactive species were those selected, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide, advanced protein oxidation products, carbonyl protein, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, total oxidant status, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide (NO). We described the antioxidant activity, including the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase, free glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). We results demonstrated that oxidative stress is related to pathophysiology of PE, there were increased lipid peroxidation in the blood and placenta, and in blood a reduction of NO levels and of TAC, like lower enzymatic activity of GPx, CAT in PE, and SOD in mild PE. In addition, altered levels of MDA in the placenta and blood show that placental changes have repercussions on the clinical syndrome and are related to the severity of the disease.
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Wei W, Wang X, Zhou Y, Shang X, Yu H. The genetic risk factors for pregnancy-induced hypertension: Evidence from genetic polymorphisms. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22413. [PMID: 35696055 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101853rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a multifactorial and severe pregnancy complication including preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic (pre-existing) hypertension, and preeclampsia/eclampsia variants superimposed on chronic hypertension. PIH-induced maternal mortality accounts for approximately 9% of all maternal deaths over the world. A large number of case-control studies have established the importance of various genetic factors in the occurrence and development of PIH. In this narrative review, we summarized the genetic risk factors involved in the renin-angiotensin system, endothelin system, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and other functional networks, with the aim of sorting out the genetic factors that may play a potential role in PIH and providing new ideas to elucidate the pathogenesis of PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanzhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongsong Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Choublier N, Taghi M, Menet MC, Le Gall M, Bruce J, Chafey P, Guillonneau F, Moreau A, Denizot C, Parmentier Y, Nakib S, Borderie D, Bouzinba-Segard H, Couraud PO, Bourdoulous S, Declèves X. Exposure of human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells hCMEC/D3 to laminar shear stress induces vascular protective responses. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35658915 PMCID: PMC9164338 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly submitted in vivo to hemodynamical forces derived from the blood circulation, including shear stress (SS). ECs are able to detect SS and consequently adapt their phenotype, thus affecting many endothelial functions. If a plethora of shear stress-regulated molecular networks have been described in peripheral ECs, less is known about the molecular responses of microvascular brain ECs which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this work, we investigated the response of human cerebral microvascular ECs to laminar physiological shear stress using the well characterized hCMEC/D3 cell line. Interestingly, we showed that hCMEC/D3 cells responded to shear stress by aligning perpendicularly to the flow direction, contrary to peripheral endothelial cells which aligned in the flow direction. Whole proteomic profiles were compared between hCMEC/D3 cells cultured either in static condition or under 5 or 10 dyn.cm-2 SS for 3 days. 3592 proteins were identified and expression levels were significantly affected for 3% of them upon both SS conditions. Pathway analyses were performed which revealed that most proteins overexpressed by SS refer to the antioxidant defense, probably mediated by activation of the NRF2 transcriptional factor. Regarding down-regulated proteins, most of them participate to the pro-inflammatory response, cell motility and proliferation. These findings confirm the induction of EC quiescence by laminar physiological SS and reveal a strong protective effect of SS on hCMEC/D3 cells, suggesting a similar effect on the BBB. Our results also showed that SS did not significantly increase expression levels nor did it affect the localization of junctional proteins and did not afect either the functional activity of several ABC transporters (P-glycoprotein and MRPs). This work provides new insights on the response of microvascular brain ECs to SS and on the importance of SS for optimizing in vitro BBB models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Choublier
- INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Meryam Taghi
- INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Menet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Bruce
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chafey
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- 3P5 Proteom'IC Facility, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Samir Nakib
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Haniaa Bouzinba-Segard
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, Université Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
- Biologie du Médicament Et Toxicologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031380. [PMID: 35163303 PMCID: PMC8835849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, free β subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. This review synthetizes everything currently known on this multi-effect hormone: hCG levels, angiogenetic activity, immunological actions, and effects on miscarriages and thyroid function.
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