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Tunesi S, Zelazny A, Awad Z, Mougari F, Buyck JM, Cambau E. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycobacterium abscessus and treatment of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:718-725. [PMID: 37797824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) is the mycobacterial species least susceptible to antimicrobials. Infections are difficult to treat, and cure rates are below 50% even after a combination of 4-5 drugs for many months. OBJECTIVES To examine antimicrobial susceptibilities and treatment recommendations in light of what is known about mechanisms of resistance and pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics (PK/PD) interactions. SOURCES Original papers on the topics of 'antimicrobials', 'susceptibility', 'treatment', and 'outcome' from 2019 onwards, in the context of the evidence brought by the guidelines published in 2020 for pulmonary infections. CONTENT MAB is susceptible in vitro to only a few antimicrobials. Breakpoints were set by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and are revised by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for epidemiological cut-off values. Innate resistance is due to multiple resistance mechanisms involving efflux pumps, inactivating enzymes, and low drug-target affinity. In addition, MAB may display acquired resistance to macrolides and amikacin through mutations in drug binding sites. Treatment outcomes are better for macrolide-based combinations and MAB subspecies massiliense. New compounds in the family of cyclines, oxazolidinones, and penem-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (described in another paper), as well as bedaquiline, a new antituberculous agent, are promising, but their efficacy remains to be proven. PK/PD studies, which are critical for establishing optimal dosing regimens, were mainly done for monotherapy and healthy individuals. IMPLICATIONS Medical evidence is poor, and randomized clinical trials or standardized cohorts are needed to compare outcomes of patients with similar underlying disease, clinical characteristics, and identified MAB subspecies/sequevar. Microbiological diagnosis and susceptibility testing need to be harmonized to enable the comparison of agents and the testing of new compounds. Testing antimicrobial combinations requires new methods, especially for PK/PD parameters. Molecular testing may help in assessing MAB resistance prior to treatment. New antimicrobials need to be systematically tested against MAB to find an effective antimicrobial regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tunesi
- UOC Malattie infettive, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Adrian Zelazny
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zeina Awad
- Service de mycobactériologie spécialisée et de référence, Laboratoire associé du CNR des mycobactéries et de la résistance des mycobactéries aux antituberculeux (CNR-MyRMA) APHP GHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Faiza Mougari
- Service de mycobactériologie spécialisée et de référence, Laboratoire associé du CNR des mycobactéries et de la résistance des mycobactéries aux antituberculeux (CNR-MyRMA) APHP GHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Julien M Buyck
- Université de Poitiers, PHAR2, Inserm UMR 1070, Poitiers, France
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- Service de mycobactériologie spécialisée et de référence, Laboratoire associé du CNR des mycobactéries et de la résistance des mycobactéries aux antituberculeux (CNR-MyRMA) APHP GHU Paris Nord, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, IAME, Inserm UMR 1137, Paris, France.
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2
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Yousry C, Goyal M, Gupta V. Excipients for Novel Inhaled Dosage Forms: An Overview. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:36. [PMID: 38356031 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery is a form of local targeting to the lungs in patients with respiratory disorders like cystic fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), asthma, chronic pulmonary infections, and lung cancer. In addition, noninvasive pulmonary delivery also presents an attractive alternative to systemically administered therapeutics, not only for localized respiratory disorders but also for systemic absorption. Pulmonary delivery offers the advantages of a relatively low dose, low incidence of systemic side effects, and rapid onset of action for some drugs compared to other systemic administration routes. While promising, inhaled delivery of therapeutics is often complex owing to factors encompassing mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, selection of inhalation device, and limited choice of dosage form excipients. There are very few excipients that are approved by the FDA for use in developing inhaled drug products. Depending upon the dosage form, and inhalation devices such as pMDIs, DPIs, and nebulizers, different excipients can be used to provide physical and chemical stability and to deliver the dose efficiently to the lungs. This review article focuses on discussing a variety of excipients that have been used in novel inhaled dosage forms as well as inhalation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Yousry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mimansa Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA.
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3
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Subramaniam S, Joyce P, Ogunniyi AD, Dube A, Sampson SL, Lehr CM, Prestidge CA. Minimum Information for Conducting and Reporting In Vitro Intracellular Infection Assays. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:337-349. [PMID: 38295053 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are constantly evolving to outsmart the host immune system and antibiotics developed to eradicate them. One key strategy involves the ability of bacteria to survive and replicate within host cells, thereby causing intracellular infections. To address this unmet clinical need, researchers are adopting new approaches, such as the development of novel molecules that can penetrate host cells, thus exerting their antimicrobial activity intracellularly, or repurposing existing antibiotics using nanocarriers (i.e., nanoantibiotics) for site-specific delivery. However, inconsistency in information reported across published studies makes it challenging for scientific comparison and judgment of experiments for future direction by researchers. Together with the lack of reproducibility of experiments, these inconsistencies limit the translation of experimental results beyond pre-clinical evaluation. Minimum information guidelines have been instrumental in addressing such challenges in other fields of biomedical research. Guidelines and recommendations provided herein have been designed for researchers as essential parameters to be disclosed when publishing their methodology and results, divided into four main categories: (i) experimental design, (ii) establishing an in vitro model, (iii) assessment of efficacy of novel therapeutics, and (iv) statistical assessment. These guidelines have been designed with the intention to improve the reproducibility and rigor of future studies while enabling quantitative comparisons of published studies, ultimately facilitating translation of emerging antimicrobial technologies into clinically viable therapies that safely and effectively treat intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhni Subramaniam
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Abiodun D Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Samantha L Sampson
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, and Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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4
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Siraj EA, Yayehrad AT, Belete A. How Combined Macrolide Nanomaterials are Effective Against Resistant Pathogens? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5289-5307. [PMID: 37732155 PMCID: PMC10508284 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide drugs are among the broad-spectrum antibiotics that are considered as "miracle drugs" against infectious diseases that lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is currently at risk owing to the presence of devastating, antimicrobial-resistant microbes. In view of this challenge, nanotechnology-driven innovations are currently being anticipated for promising approaches to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Nowadays, various nanostructures are being developed for the delivery of antimicrobials to counter drug-resistant microbial strains through different mechanisms. Metallic nanoparticle-based delivery of macrolides, particularly using silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs & AuNPs), demonstrated a promising outcome with worthy stability, oxidation resistance, and biocompatibility. Similarly, macrolide-conjugated magnetic NPs resulted in an augmented antimicrobial activity and reduced bacterial cell viability against resistant microbes. Liposomal delivery of macrolides also showed favorable synergistic antimicrobial activities in vitro against resistant strains. Loading macrolide drugs into various polymeric nanomaterials resulted in an enhanced zone of inhibition. Intercalated nanomaterials also conveyed an outstanding macrolide delivery characteristic with efficient targeting and controlled drug release against infectious microbes. This review abridges several nano-based delivery approaches for macrolide drugs along with their recent achievements, challenges, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Abdela Siraj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belete
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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5
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Qu S, Zhu K. Endocytosis-mediated redistribution of antibiotics targets intracellular bacteria. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4781-4794. [PMID: 36779877 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The increasing emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance pose a severe threat to overwhelming healthcare practices worldwide. The lack of new antibacterial drugs urgently calls for alternative therapeutic strategies to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens, especially those that survive and replicate in host cells, causing relapse and recurrence of infections. Intracellular drug delivery is a direct efficient strategy to combat invasive pathogens by increasing the accumulation of antibiotics. However, the increased accumulation of antibiotics in the infected host cells does not mean high efficacy. The difficulty of treatment lies in the efficient intracellular delivery of antibiotics to the pathogen-containing compartments. Here, we first briefly review the survival mechanisms of intracellular bacteria to facilitate the exploration of potential antibacterial targets for precise delivery. Furthermore, we provide an overview of endocytosis-mediated drug delivery systems, including the biomedical and physicochemical properties modulating the endocytosis and intracellular redistribution of antibiotics. Lastly, we summarize the targets and payloads of recently described intracellular delivery systems and their modes of action against diverse pathogenic bacteria-associated infections. This overview of endocytosis-mediated redistribution of antibiotics sheds light on the development of novel delivery platforms and alternative strategies to combat intracellular bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Qu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Innovative drugs and Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Recchia D, Stelitano G, Stamilla A, Gutierrez DL, Degiacomi G, Chiarelli LR, Pasca MR. Mycobacterium abscessus Infections in Cystic Fibrosis Individuals: A Review on Therapeutic Options. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054635. [PMID: 36902066 PMCID: PMC10002592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is an opportunistic pathogen that mainly colonizes and infects cystic fibrosis patients' lungs. M. abscessus is naturally resistant to many antibiotics such as rifamycin, tetracyclines and β-lactams. The current therapeutic regimens are not very effective and are mostly based on repurposed drugs used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Thus, new approaches and novel strategies are urgently needed. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest ongoing findings to fight M. abscessus infections by analyzing emerging and alternative treatments, novel drug delivery strategies, and innovative molecules.
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7
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Overview of Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polyester-Based Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032945. [PMID: 36769266 PMCID: PMC9917530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the clinical complications induced by microbial infections are known to have life-threatening side effects, conventional anti-infective therapy is necessary, but not sufficient to overcome these issues. Some of their limitations are connected to drug-related inefficiency or resistance and pathogen-related adaptive modifications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced antimicrobials and antimicrobial devices. A challenging, yet successful route has been the development of new biostatic or biocide agents and biomaterials by considering the indisputable advantages of biopolymers. Polymers are attractive materials due to their physical and chemical properties, such as compositional and structural versatility, tunable reactivity, solubility and degradability, and mechanical and chemical tunability, together with their intrinsic biocompatibility and bioactivity, thus enabling the fabrication of effective pharmacologically active antimicrobial formulations. Besides representing protective or potentiating carriers for conventional drugs, biopolymers possess an impressive ability for conjugation or functionalization. These aspects are key for avoiding malicious side effects or providing targeted and triggered drug delivery (specific and selective cellular targeting), and generally to define their pharmacological efficacy. Moreover, biopolymers can be processed in different forms (particles, fibers, films, membranes, or scaffolds), which prove excellent candidates for modern anti-infective applications. This review contains an overview of antimicrobial polyester-based formulations, centered around the effect of the dimensionality over the properties of the material and the effect of the production route or post-processing actions.
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8
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Antibiotic delivery based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid and natural polymers: a biocomposite strategy. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Alotaibi B, El-Masry TA, Elekhnawy E, El-Kadem AH, Saleh A, Negm WA, Abdelkader DH. Aqueous core epigallocatechin gallate PLGA nanocapsules: characterization, antibacterial activity against uropathogens, and in vivo reno-protective effect in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1848-1862. [PMID: 35708451 PMCID: PMC9225707 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2083725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was isolated from Cycas thouarsii leaves for the first time and encapsulated in aqueous core poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanocapsules (NCs). This work investigates antimicrobial activity and in vivo reno-protective effects of EGCG-PLGA NCs in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. A double emulsion solvent evaporation process was adopted to prepare PLGA NCs loaded with EGCG. Particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), structural morphology, and in vitro release platform were all studied in vitro. The optimum formula (F2) with particle size (61.37 ± 5.90 nm), PDI (0.125 ± 0.027), zeta potential (-11.83 ± 3.22 mV), %EE (85.79 ± 5.89%w/w), initial burst (36.85 ± 4.79), and percent cumulative release (87.79 ± 9.84) was selected for further in vitro/in vivo studies. F2 exhibited an enhanced antimicrobial activity against uropathogens as it had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and a more significant impact on bacterial growth than free EGCG. Forty male adult mice were randomly allocated into five groups: control vehicle, untreated methotrexate, MTX groups treated with a daily oral dose of free EGCG, placebo PLGA NCs, and EGCG PLGA NCs (F2) for 10 days. Results showed that EGCG PLGA NCs (F2) exerted promising renoprotective effects compared to free EGCG. EGCG PLGA NCs group induced a significant decrease in kidney index, serum creatinine, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), NGAL serum levels, and pronounced inhibition of NLPR-3/caspase-1/IL/1β inflammasome pathway. It also significantly ameliorated oxidative stress and decreased NFκB, Bax expression levels. Aqueous core PLGA NCs are a promising formulation strategy that provides high polymeric protection and sustained release pattern for hydrophilic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aya H. El-Kadem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia H. Abdelkader
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Alternatives to Antibiotics against Mycobacterium abscessus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101322. [PMID: 36289979 PMCID: PMC9598287 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus complex is extremely difficult to treat. Intrinsic and acquired bacterial resistance makes this species one of the most challenging pathogens and treatments last from months to years, associated with potential risky antibiotic toxicity and a high number of failures. Nonantibiotic antimicrobial agents against this microorganism have recently been studied so as to offer an alternative to current drugs. This review summarizes recent research on different strategies such as host modulation using stem cells, photodynamic therapy, antibiofilm therapy, phage therapy, nanoparticles, vaccines and antimicrobial peptides against M. abscessus both in vitro and in vivo.
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11
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Leung KS, Shirazi S, Cooper LF, Ravindran S. Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Delivery: Current Status, Applications and Challenges. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182851. [PMID: 36139426 PMCID: PMC9497093 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will discuss the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with the development of these functionalized scaffolds. EVs are cell-derived membranous structures and are involved in many physiological processes. Naïve and engineered EVs have much therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are required to prevent non-specific and off-target effects. Targeted and site-specific delivery using polymeric scaffolds can address these limitations. EV delivery with scaffolds has shown improvements in tissue remodeling, wound healing, bone healing, immunomodulation, and vascular performance. Thus, EV delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds is becoming an increasingly popular approach to tissue engineering. Although there are many types of natural and synthetic biopolymers, the overarching goal for many tissue engineers is to utilize biopolymers to restore defects and function as well as support host regeneration. Functionalizing biopolymers by incorporating EVs works toward this goal. Throughout this review, we will characterize extracellular vesicles, examine various biopolymers as a vehicle for EV delivery for therapeutic purposes, potential mechanisms by which EVs exert their effects, EV delivery for tissue repair and immunomodulation, and the challenges associated with the use of EVs in scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey S. Leung
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sajjad Shirazi
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lyndon F. Cooper
- School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Hwang J, Mros S, Gamble AB, Tyndall JDA, McDowell A. Improving Antibacterial Activity of a HtrA Protease Inhibitor JO146 against Helicobacter pylori: A Novel Approach Using Microfluidics-Engineered PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020348. [PMID: 35214080 PMCID: PMC8875321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy for overcoming limitations of antimicrobial drugs such as stability, bioavailability, and insufficient exposure to the hard-to-reach bacterial drug targets. Although size is a vital colloidal feature of nanoparticles that governs biological interactions, the absence of well-defined size control technology has hampered the investigation of optimal nanoparticle size for targeting bacterial cells. Previously, we identified a lead antichlamydial compound JO146 against the high temperature requirement A (HtrA) protease, a promising antibacterial target involved in protein quality control and virulence. Here, we reveal that JO146 was active against Helicobacter pylori with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 18.8–75.2 µg/mL. Microfluidic technology using a design of experiments approach was utilized to formulate JO146-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles and explore the effect of the nanoparticle size on drug delivery. JO146-loaded nanoparticles of three different sizes (90, 150, and 220 nm) were formulated with uniform particle size distribution and drug encapsulation efficiency of up to 25%. In in vitro microdilution inhibition assays, 90 nm nanoparticles improved the minimum bactericidal concentration of JO146 two-fold against H. pylori compared to the free drug alone, highlighting that controlled engineering of nanoparticle size is important in drug delivery optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (J.H.); (A.B.G.); (J.D.A.T.)
| | - Sonya Mros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;
| | - Allan B. Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (J.H.); (A.B.G.); (J.D.A.T.)
| | - Joel D. A. Tyndall
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (J.H.); (A.B.G.); (J.D.A.T.)
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; (J.H.); (A.B.G.); (J.D.A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Arredondo-Ochoa T, Silva-Martínez GA. Microemulsion Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.753947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the active pharmaceutical compounds are often prone to display low bioavailability and biological degradation represents an important drawback. Due to the above, the development of a drug delivery system (DDS) that enables the introduction of a pharmaceutical compound through the body to achieve a therapeutic effect in a controlled manner is an expanding application. Henceforth, new strategies have been developed to control several parameters considered essential for enhancing delivery of drugs. Nanostructure synthesis by microemulsions (ME) consist of enclosing a substance within a wall material at the nanoscale level, allowing to control the size and surface area of the resulting particle. This nanotechnology has shown the importance on targeted drug delivery to improve their stability by protecting a bioactive compound from an adverse environment, enhanced bioavailability as well as controlled release. Thus, a lower dose administration could be achieved by minimizing systemic side effects and decreasing toxicity. This review will focus on describing the different biocompatible nanostructures synthesized by ME as controlled DDS for therapeutic purposes.
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Qi H, Shan P, Wang Y, Li P, Wang K, Yang L. Nanomedicines for the Efficient Treatment of Intracellular Bacteria: The "ART" Principle. Front Chem 2021; 9:775682. [PMID: 34746099 PMCID: PMC8563570 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.775682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections induced by bacteria at present are a severe threat to public health. Compared with extracellular bacteria, intracellular bacteria are harder to get rid of and readily induce chronic inflammation as well as autoimmune disorders. As the development of new antibiotics becomes more and more difficult, the construction of new antibiotic dosage forms is one of the optimal choices for the elimination of intracellular bacteria, and, to date, various nanomedicines have been exploited. However, current nanomedicines have limited treatment efficiency for intracellular bacteria due to the multiple biological barriers. Here in this short review, we focus on systemically administered nanomedicines and divide the treatment of intracellular bacteria with nanomedicines into three steps: 1) Accumulation at the infection site; 2) Recognition of infected cells; 3) Targeting of intracellular bacteria. Furthermore, we summarize how nanomedicines are elaborately designed to achieve the "ART" principle and discuss the problems of experimental models construction. Through this review, we want to remind that the golden approach for the building of cell and animal experimental models should be established, and nanomedicines should be also endowed with the versatility to follow the "ART" principle, efficiently improving the treatment efficiency of nanomedicines for intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Qi
- Department of Aging Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peipei Shan
- Department of Aging Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Aging Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Aging Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Aging Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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15
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Subramaniam S, Joyce P, Thomas N, Prestidge CA. Bioinspired drug delivery strategies for repurposing conventional antibiotics against intracellular infections. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113948. [PMID: 34464665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have developed a wealth of strategies to avoid and resist the action of antibiotics, one of which involves pathogens invading and forming reservoirs within host cells. Due to the poor cell membrane permeability, stability and retention of conventional antibiotics, this renders current treatments largely ineffective, since achieving a therapeutically relevant antibiotic concentration at the site of intracellular infection is not possible. To overcome such challenges, current antibiotics are 'repurposed' via reformulation using micro- or nano-carrier systems that effectively encapsulate and deliver therapeutics across cellular membranes of infected cells. Bioinspired materials that imitate the uptake of biological particulates and release antibiotics in response to natural stimuli are recently explored to improve the targeting and specificity of this 'nanoantibiotic' approach. In this review, the mechanisms of internalization and survival of intracellular bacteria are elucidated, effectively accentuating the current treatment challenges for intracellular infections and the implications for repurposing conventional antibiotics. Key case studies of nanoantibiotics that have drawn inspiration from natural biological particles and cellular uptake pathways to effectively eradicate intracellular pathogens are detailed, clearly highlighting the rational for harnessing bioinspired drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhni Subramaniam
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- University of South Australia, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, SA 5000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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16
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A pH-targeted and NIR-responsive NaCl-nanocarrier for photothermal therapy and ion-interference therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 39:102460. [PMID: 34530164 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transport ions into cells through nanocarrier to achieve ion-interference therapy provides new inspiration for cancer treatment. In this work, a pH-targeted and NIR-responsive NaCl-nanocarrier is prepared using surfactant Vitamin E-O(EG2-Glu) and modified with polydopamine (PDA) and pH-sensitive zwitterionic chitosan (ZWC). The NaCl-nanocarrier is decorated with NH4HCO3 and IR-780 to introduce near-infrared (NIR)-responsive performance and imaging. Once the NaCl-nanocarrier is exposed to NIR laser, the temperature rises rapidly because of the excellent photothermal conversion ability of PDA, then NH4HCO3 is decomposed into NH3 and CO2, which burst the nanocarrier, resulting in Cl- and Na+ "bomb-like" release. This pH-targeted nanocarrier accumulates more at tumor site and when irradiating the site with NIR light, the temperature rises and excessive Cl- and Na+ are released to destroy the ion homeostasis and inhibit tumor growth effectively. Through this strategy, the unique combination of ion interference therapy and photothermal therapy is achieved.
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17
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Rasheed S, Fries F, Müller R, Herrmann J. Zebrafish: An Attractive Model to Study Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Its Use as a Drug Discovery Tool. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:594. [PMID: 34205723 PMCID: PMC8235121 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-mammalian in vivo disease models are particularly popular in early drug discovery. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an attractive vertebrate model, the success of which is driven by several advantages, such as the optical transparency of larvae, the small and completely sequenced genome, the small size of embryos and larvae enabling high-throughput screening, and low costs. In this review, we highlight zebrafish models of Staphyloccoccus aureus infection, which are used in drug discovery and for studying disease pathogenesis and virulence. Further, these infection models are discussed in the context of other relevant zebrafish models for pharmacological and toxicological studies as part of early drug profiling. In addition, we examine key differences to commonly applied models of S.aureus infection based on invertebrate organisms, and we compare their frequency of use in academic research covering the period of January 2011 to January 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Rasheed
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.R.); (F.F.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover–Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Franziska Fries
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.R.); (F.F.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover–Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.R.); (F.F.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover–Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarland University Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (S.R.); (F.F.); (R.M.)
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover–Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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Victoria L, Gupta A, Gómez JL, Robledo J. Mycobacterium abscessus complex: A Review of Recent Developments in an Emerging Pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:659997. [PMID: 33981630 PMCID: PMC8108695 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.659997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is one of the most clinically relevant species among nontuberculous mycobacteria. MABC's prevalence has increased over the last two decades. Although these changes can be explained by improvements in microbiological and molecular techniques for identifying species and subspecies, a higher prevalence of chronic lung diseases may contribute to higher rates of MABC. High rates of antimicrobial resistance are seen in MABC, and patients experience multiple relapses with low cure rates. This review aims to integrate existing knowledge about MABC epidemiology, microbiological identification and familiarize readers with molecular mechanisms of resistance and therapeutic options for pulmonary infections with MABC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Victoria
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycobacteria, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Amolika Gupta
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jose Luis Gómez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jaime Robledo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Mycobacteria, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín, Colombia.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
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19
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Sartini S, Permana AD, Mitra S, Tareq AM, Salim E, Ahmad I, Harapan H, Emran TB, Nainu F. Current State and Promising Opportunities on Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases. Pathogens 2021; 10:245. [PMID: 33672615 PMCID: PMC7924209 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emergence of newly identified acute and chronic infectious disorders caused by diverse combinations of pathogens, termed polymicrobial diseases, has had catastrophic consequences for humans. Antimicrobial agents have been clinically proven to be effective in the pharmacological treatment of polymicrobial diseases. Unfortunately, an increasing trend in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and limited options for delivery of antimicrobial drugs might seriously impact humans' efforts to combat polymicrobial diseases in the coming decades. New antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism(s) of action and new pharmaceutical formulations or delivery systems to target infected sites are urgently required. In this review, we discuss the prospective use of novel antimicrobial compounds isolated from natural products to treat polymicrobial infections, mainly via mechanisms related to inhibition of biofilm formation. Drug-delivery systems developed to deliver antimicrobial compounds to both intracellular and extracellular pathogens are discussed. We further discuss the effectiveness of several biofilm-targeted delivery strategies to eliminate polymicrobial biofilms. At the end, we review the applications and promising opportunities for various drug-delivery systems, when compared to conventional antimicrobial therapy, as a pharmacological means to treat polymicrobial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartini Sartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.S.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.S.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; or
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; or
| | - Emil Salim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, North Sumatera 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Islamudin Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, East Kalimantan 75119, Indonesia;
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia; (S.S.); (A.D.P.)
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20
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Haupenthal J, Kautz Y, Elgaher WAM, Pätzold L, Röhrig T, Laschke MW, Tschernig T, Hirsch AKH, Molodtsov V, Murakami KS, Hartmann RW, Bischoff M. Evaluation of Bacterial RNA Polymerase Inhibitors in a Staphylococcus aureus-Based Wound Infection Model in SKH1 Mice. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2573-2581. [PMID: 32886885 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds infected with pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus represent a worldwide health concern, especially in patients with a compromised immune system. As antimicrobial resistance has become an immense global problem, novel antibiotics are urgently needed. One strategy to overcome this threatening situation is the search for drugs targeting novel binding sites on essential and validated enzymes such as the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). In this work, we describe the establishment of an in vivo wound infection model based on the pathogen S. aureus and hairless Crl:SKH1-Hrhr (SKH1) mice. The model proved to be a valuable preclinical tool to study selected RNAP inhibitors after topical application. While rifampicin showed a reduction in the loss of body weight induced by the bacteria, an acceleration of wound healing kinetics, and a reduced number of colony forming units in the wound, the ureidothiophene-2-carboxylic acid 1 was inactive under in vivo conditions, probably due to strong plasma protein binding. The cocrystal structure of compound 1 with RNAP, that we hereby also present, will be of great value for applying appropriate structural modifications to further optimize the compound, especially in terms of plasma protein binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Yannik Kautz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Walid A. M. Elgaher
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Linda Pätzold
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Vadim Molodtsov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Katsuhiko S. Murakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)−Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saarland, Germany
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21
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Optimization and in Vitro Evaluation of Injectable Sustained-Release of Levothyroxine Using PLGA-PEG-PLGA. J Pharm Innov 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-020-09480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
In situ-forming gels (semi-solid state) (ISFGs) are widely used as sustained drug delivery, but they show a high burst release as well. The purpose of the current study is to make triblock that can make a quick gel on injection with a minimum burst release.
Methods
In this study, to control the release of levothyroxine from ISFG, PLGA-PEG-PLGA (triblock) polymer was used. The melting method was employed to synthesize the triblock via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Different weight percentages of triblock in the formulation were investigated to reach the minimum initial burst release of levothyroxine from ISFGs. Furthermore, the results of the in-situ forming implant (solid-state) (ISFI) of levothyroxine prepared from PLGA 504 H polymers were compared with ISFG.
Results
The melting method employed in this study showed a successful ROP of the triblock. As the % triblock concentration was increased from 30 to 50%, the initial burst release decreased significantly. The initial burst release levothyroxine from ISFG (6.52 ± 0.30%) was much lower than the amount of levothyroxine released from ISFI (14.15 ± 0.79%). No cytotoxicity was observed for the sustained-release formulation containing ISFG 50% according to the MTT assay.
Conclusion
The results indicated that this formulation was safe to be administered subcutaneously. As the synthesized triblock has thermosensitive properties, and also has the hydrogen bonding between the N-methyl pyrrolidone molecules and PEG, therefore, these properties make ISFG formulation to have a smaller initial burst release compared to ISFI formulation.
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22
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Rampacci E, Stefanetti V, Passamonti F, Henao-Tamayo M. Preclinical Models of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection for Early Drug Discovery and Vaccine Research. Pathogens 2020; 9:E641. [PMID: 32781698 PMCID: PMC7459799 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent an increasingly prevalent etiology of soft tissue infections in animals and humans. NTM are widely distributed in the environment and while, for the most part, they behave as saprophytic organisms, in certain situations, they can be pathogenic, so much so that the incidence of NTM infections has surpassed that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in developed countries. As a result, a growing body of the literature has focused attention on the critical role that drug susceptibility tests and infection models play in the design of appropriate therapeutic strategies against NTM diseases. This paper is an overview of the in vitro and in vivo models of NTM infection employed in the preclinical phase for early drug discovery and vaccine development. It summarizes alternative methods, not fully explored, for the characterization of anti-mycobacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (E.R.); (V.S.)
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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23
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Deng S, Gigliobianco MR, Censi R, Di Martino P. Polymeric Nanocapsules as Nanotechnological Alternative for Drug Delivery System: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050847. [PMID: 32354008 PMCID: PMC7711922 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanocapsules have been widely studied as a potential drug delivery system in recent years. Nanocapsules-as one of kind nanoparticle-provide a unique nanostructure, consisting of a liquid/solid core with a polymeric shell. This is of increasing interest in drug delivery applications. In this review, nanocapsules delivery systems studied in last decade are reviewed, along with nanocapsule formulation, characterizations of physical/chemical/biologic properties and applications. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of nanocapsules applications are also proposed.
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24
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Goes A, Lapuhs P, Kuhn T, Schulz E, Richter R, Panter F, Dahlem C, Koch M, Garcia R, Kiemer AK, Müller R, Fuhrmann G. Myxobacteria-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: Potential Applicability Against Intracellular Infections. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010194. [PMID: 31940898 PMCID: PMC7017139 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, it was estimated that 2.5 million people die from lower tract respiratory infections annually. One of the main causes of these infections is Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium that can invade and survive within mammalian cells. S. aureus intracellular infections are difficult to treat because several classes of antibiotics are unable to permeate through the cell wall and reach the pathogen. This condition increases the need for new therapeutic avenues, able to deliver antibiotics efficiently. In this work, we obtained outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the myxobacteria Cystobacter velatus strain Cbv34 and Cystobacter ferrugineus strain Cbfe23, that are naturally antimicrobial, to target intracellular infections, and investigated how they can affect the viability of epithelial and macrophage cell lines. We evaluated by cytometric bead array whether they induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in blood immune cells. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry, we also investigated their interaction and uptake into mammalian cells. Finally, we studied the effect of OMVs on planktonic and intracellular S. aureus. We found that while Cbv34 OMVs were not cytotoxic to cells at any concentration tested, Cbfe23 OMVs affected the viability of macrophages, leading to a 50% decrease at a concentration of 125,000 OMVs/cell. We observed only little to moderate stimulation of release of TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1beta by both OMVs. Cbfe23 OMVs have better interaction with the cells than Cbv34 OMVs, being taken up faster by them, but both seem to remain mostly on the cell surface after 24 h of incubation. This, however, did not impair their bacteriostatic activity against intracellular S. aureus. In this study, we provide an important basis for implementing OMVs in the treatment of intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriely Goes
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.G.); (P.L.); (T.K.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Philipp Lapuhs
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.G.); (P.L.); (T.K.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Thomas Kuhn
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.G.); (P.L.); (T.K.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Eilien Schulz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.G.); (P.L.); (T.K.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
| | - Robert Richter
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Delivery (DDEL), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian Panter
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Charlotte Dahlem
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.D.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
| | - Ronald Garcia
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.P.); (R.G.)
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (C.D.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Microbial Natural Products (MINS), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.P.); (R.G.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Biogenic Nanotherapeutics Group (BION), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (A.G.); (P.L.); (T.K.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (R.R.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-68-198-806 (ext. 1500)
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